Skip to main content

Full text of "Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences"

See other formats 


W  .  (JSI(> 


Oct.  /^^r- 


BULL  E  T  I  ]^ 


(IF   TIIK 


BUFFALO  SOCIETY  OF  NATUIIAL  SCIENCES. 


VOLUME    T, 


From    April,  18  73,  to    March,   187  4. 


B  U  F  F  A  L  0  : 

PUBLISHED     BY     THE     S  ()  C  I  E  T  Y. 

1874. 


X6 


Press  of 

WARREN,    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    &    C  O. 

BUFFALO,    N.  Y. 


COMMITTEE   ON   PUBLICATION. 


GEORGE  W.  CLINTON,  LL.  D.  GEORGE  E.  HAYES,  D.  D.  S 

DAVID  GRAY,  LEON  F.  HARVEY,  M.D. 

GEORGE   P.  PUTNAM,  WALTER  T.  WILSON, 

AUG.  R.  GROTE,  Chairman. 


CONTENTS. 


I.     Description  of  New  Nortli  American  Moths.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote,  1 

II.     Catalogue  of   tlie   Spliingidae   of   North  America.     By  Aug.  B. 

Grote, 17 

III.  Catalogue  of  the  Zygaenidae  of  North  America.  By  Aug.  R.  Grote,  29 

IV.  Conclusions  drawn  from  a  study  of  the  Genera  Hypena  and  Her- 

niinia.     By  AUG.  R.  Grote,       37 

V.     Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Fungi.  .  By  Cii.vs.  H.  Peck,     .     .  41 

VI.     Contributions  to  a  Knowledge  of   North   American  Moths.     By 

Aug.  R.  Grote, 73 


4 


VII.  A  Study  of  North  American  Noctuidae.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote,    .     .      95 

VIII.  Descriptions  of  Noctuidae  principally  from  California.     By  Aug. 
R.  Grote, 129 


IX.  On  the  North  American  Geometridae  in  the  Collection  of  the 

S^  British  Museum.     By  Aug.  R.  Grote, loG 

•\^      X.  Statistics   and    Distribution   of    North    American    Lichens.     By 

>.^  Henry  Willey, 101 

(\           XI.  Kleiner  Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  einiger  Nordamerikanischer  Lepi- 

^  doptera.    Von  Aug.  R.  Grote, 168 

^    XII.  Description  of  the  genera  Argyrophyes  and  Condylolomia  and  of 

a  species  of  Deuterollyta.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 175 

XIII.  Description  of  a  Butterfly  new  to  the  Lower  Lake  Region.     By 
Aug.  R.  Grote, 17M 

XIV.  Description  of  three  genera  of  Noctuidae.     By  Aug.  R.  Grote,     .     180 

*S        XV.  On  Wallengren's  "  Lepidoptera  Scandiuaviuc  Ileterocera  disposita 

H  et  descripta."     By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 18o 

_„       XVI.  On  tlie  Butterflies  of  Anticosti.     Bv  Aug.  R.  Grote,     .     .     •     .     .     185 

as 


XVII.     Notes  ou  North  Americau  Lepidoptera.     By  H.  K.  MoRRisox,     186 

XVIII.    On  Eight  Species  of  Noctuidae.    By  Aug.  E.  Grote,    ...     190 

XIX.     The  two  Principal  Groups  of  Urbicolae  (Hesperidae  auct.).    By 

Samuel  H.  Scudder, 195 

XX.     Note  on  the  species   of   Glaucopsyche   from   Eastern   North 

America.    By  Samuel  H.  Scudder, 197 

XXI.     On  a  New  Species  of  Grammysia  from  tlie  Chemung  Group. 

By  William  H.  Pitt, 199 

XXII.     Contributions  to  the  Geology  and  Physical  Geography  of  the 

Lower  Amazouas.     By  Ch.  Fred.  Hartt, 201 

XXIII.  On  the  Devonian   Brachiopoda  of    Erere,  Province  of   Para, 

Brazil.    By  Richard  Rathbun, 336 

XXIV.  New  Phalaenoid  Moths.     By  Leon  F.  Harvey,  a.  m.,  m.  d.     .     263 

XXV.     Notes  on  the  Species  of  Pasimachus.     By  John  L.  Le  Conte, 

M.  D., 266 

XXVI.     Description  of  two  new  Noctuidae  from  the  Atlantic  District. 

By  H.  K.  Morrison, 274 

XXVII.  Rectification   of   Treitschke's   use  of   Htibner's  generic  term 

"  Cymatophora."    By  Leon  F.  Harvey,  a.  m.,  m.  d.,     .     .    276 

XXVIII.  Determination  of  Brazilian  Sphingidae  collected  by  Mr.  Charles 

Linden.    By  Aug.  R.  Gkote, 279 

Errata  et  addenda, 283 

Index  to  Plates, 283 

General  Index, 285 


B  U  L  L  E  T  I  ]Sr 


OF  THE 


BUFFALO  SOCIETY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 


VOLUME  I. 


I.    Description  of  New  North  American  IVIoths 

BY   AUG.    K.   GROTE. 

In  the  present  Article  I  announce  the  fact  that  new  species  of  the 
Lepidopterous  Genera  Hemaris,  Leucania,  Phasiane,  Tortrix,  Cou- 
chylis,  are  discovered  in  our  Fauna,  and  that  two  new  genera,  Mel- 
lilla  and  Lomanaltes,  occur  within  its  limits.  It  has  been  objected 
to  such  studies  as  these,  that  they  are  of  the  Closet  and  not  of  the 
Field.  Already  one  has  been  who  made  this  distinction  in  his  own 
favor.  Still,  I  think  the  student  at  his  books  and  dead  specimens  is 
the  same  whom  we  meet  again,  where  grasses  grow,  collecting  and 
observing.  So  the  Field  is  brought  to  the  House  with  the  Harvest, 
and  can  be  rightly  spoken  of  from  the  Closet.  It  will  at  least  profit 
others  little  to  be  unable  properly  to  tell  what  one  has  seen.  It  is 
no  excuse  that  we  have  been  out  of  door  when  we  are  called  upon 
to  speak.  To  some  the  form  which  the  student  uses,  that  he  may  be 
well  understood,  may  seem  uninteresting,  and  his  statement  dry. 
But  from  his  record  is  gathered  at  last  a  Truth  that  every  one  may 
enjoy.  So,  often,  the  seed  is  dry,  but  the  plant  is  full  of  sap.  Per- 
haps it  must  be  dry  at  first,  to  be  properly  green  thereafter.     This  is 

BUIi.  BUF.  80C.  KAT.  SCI.  (1)  APKIL,  1873. 


tlie  age  of  objective  research,  as  contrasted  with  that  past  in  ob- 
jectless comijlaint.  Let  us,  then,  see  wliat  we  can  while  we  live. 
Let  us  mellow  our  lives  to  our  Harvest  time,  that  then,  like  a  perfect 
fruit,  Ave  may  show  in  us  the  soil,  the  dew,  the  rain  and  the  sun- 
beam, and  so  fall  at  last  good  and  sweet  into  the  hands  of  the 
Husbandman. 


Family  SPHINGIDAE. 

Genus  HemariSj  Dcdman  (1816). 

It  is  Fabricius  who,  in  1793,  arranges  under  the  generic  name 
Sesia,  a  number  of  moths  which  have  for  a  common  character  the 
more  or  less  pellucid  wings.  However,  the  moths  thus  early  brought 
together  belonged  to  two  distinct  structural  groups— families  in  the 
Latreillean  sense.  In  1807,  Fabricius  restricts  the  term  Sesia  to 
members  of  the  family  under  present  consideration — the  Sphingidae, 
and  proposes  the  term  Aegeria,  for  the  group  afterwards  known,  it 
seems  to  me  properly,  as  Aegeriidae  by  the  English  Entomologists. 
This  restriction  is  overlooked  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  where 
the  term  Sesia  has  been  generally,  and  I  must  believe  incorrectly, 
used  as  equivalent  to  Aegeria,  Fair.  But  under  the  generic  term 
Sesia,  in  the  Systema  Glossatorum  (1807),  Fabricius  arranges  a 
number  of  species,  which  are  properly  the  types  of  distinct  genera, 
according  to  our  present  acceptation.  Among  these  species  is  the 
European  fuciformis,  for  wdiicli  the  term  Sesia  has  been  retained 
by  English  writers,  and  is  used  in  1865  by  ourselves  for  congeneric 
American  forms.  It  is  overlooked  that  Dalman  has  taken  S.  fuci- 
formis as  the  type  of  his  genus  Hemaris,  and  that  this  name,  having 
priority  over  the  subsequent  restrictions  of  Fabricius'  term,  must  be 
retained  for  this  type. 

I  have  elsewhere  proposed  to  restrict  Oephonodes,  Hubner  (1816), 
to  the  Asiatic  C.hylas;  the  type,  so  far  as  we  can  judge,  of  Hiibner's 
genus  ;  certainly  the  first  species  enumerated  in  the  "  Verzeichniss  " 
under  the  name.  Following  Latreille's  restriction,  Ave  must  regard 
the  European  Spliinx  Stellatarum  L.,  as  the  type  of  Scopoli's  genus 


Macroglossum.  Our  nearest  known  ally  to  this  European  genus  is, 
perhaps,  Euproserpinus  phaeton,  Grote  and  Robinson,  from  California. 

In  North  America  we  have  a  number  of  pellucid  Avingcd  Sphing- 
idae,  which,  as  a  group,  differ  from  our  present  idea  of  Hemaris,  by 
their  flattened  form,  appressed  squamation,  and  longer  Avings. 
These  we  have  arranged  under  the  genus  Ilaemorrhagia,  U.  &  R.,  of 
Avhich  our  common  Scsia  thysbe,  Fah.,  is  the  type.  Alexander 
Agassiz,  in  his  recent  superb  "  Ecvision  of  the  Echini,"  speaks  of 
our  present  knowledge  of  genera,  as  limited  to  convenient  headings 
for  the  identification  of  species.  The  species  for  which  I  use  the 
name  Hemaris,  are  black  and  yellow  bodied,  more  or  less  fuzzy ; 
they  look  like  Humble-bees.  On  the  other  hand,  the  species  of 
Haemorrhagia  are  Indian  red  and  olive,  with  flattened  body  hairs, 
and  by  their  form  prepare  us  for  the  still  more  compressedly  shaped 
species  of  the  genus  Aellopos.  The  late  Mr.  Robinson  and  myself, 
in  our  Systematic  Catalogue  of  North  American  Sphingidae,  p.  24, 
have  defined  under  "  Sesia,"  the  structural  idea  I  here  retain  under 
the  more  correct  name  of  Hemaris. 

As  was  the  case  with  Hemorrhagia,  in  which  we  discovered  that 
several  distinct  species  existed  on  the  Atlantic  Slope,  whereas  but 
one,  or  at  the  utmost  two,  had  been  previously  suspected,  so  I  have 
now  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  a  nearly  parallel  state  of 
things  exists  with  regard  to  the  species  of  Hemaris. 

The  first  illustration  of  a  North  American  species  ^of  Hemaris  is 
by  Abbot  &  Smith,  in  1797.  They  illustrate  and  describe  a  species 
from  Georgia,  under  the  name  of  fuciformis.  Whatever  species 
they  intended  is  comparatively  of  little  moment,  since  the  name 
they  use  is  the  same  as  that  under  which  the  European  species  was 
described,  and  they  were  wrong  in  considering  the  two  as  identical. 
Boisduval  is  the  next  to  figure,  in  the  "Species  General,"  our 
Hemaris  difiinis  {Macroglossa  diffinis,  Boisd.)  from  the  Atlantic  Dis- 
trict. Without  any  idea  of  the  existence  of  cotemporary  species, 
Harris  considers,  and  Clemens  agrees,  without  obvious  point,  that  H. 
difiinis  is  the  species  intended  originally  by  Abbot.  Boisduval  is 
probably  the  originator  of  this  idea,  since  quite  recently,  in  the 
Annales  de  la  Socicte  Entomologique  de  Belgique,  this  distinguished 
Author  indulges  in  even  wider  speculations  Avith  regard  to  the  work 
on  the  Insects  of  Georgia,  and  unnecessarily  troubles  himself  with 


discoveries  which  the  American  student  had  ah'eady  made  and  re- 
corded. 

The  next  species  of  Heniaris  described  is  from  California.  This  is 
Hemaris  Thetis  {Macroglossa  Thetis,  Boisd.),  illustrated  by  ourselves 
on  Plate  G,  Vol.  1  of  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological 
Society.  A  third  species,  Hemaris  axillaris  {Sesia  axillaris,  Grote 
and  Eobinson),  is  described  by  ourselves  in  1868  from  Texas. 

As  in  Haemorrhagia,  good  specific  differences  are  also  to  be  found 
in  the  shape,  size  and  comparative  width,  of  the  band  on  the  exter- 
nal margin  of  the  primaries  in  the  species  of  Hemaris.  The  inner 
edge  of  this  band  in  H.  diffinis  is  very  slightly  roundedly  and  evenly 
exserted  or  scalloped  on  the  interspaces.  This  character  is  shown 
in  Boisduval's  figure,  with  which  specimens  before  me  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  Pennsylvania  otherwise  sufficiently  agree,  and  is  decisive 
of  Avhat  species  is  really  intended.  I  do  not  think  that  either  Clemens 
or  Harris  have  mistaken  Boisduval's  and  our  most  common  spe- 
cies, so  that  a  redescription  is  unnecessary.  But  I  here  indicate  the 
existence  of  two  new  species  in  our  territory,  that  may  be  separated 
from  H.  diffinis,  by  the  shape  and  comparative  width  of  the  marginal 
band.  We  must  remember  H.  diffinis  as  a  species  of  good  size,  the 
apex  of  the  primaries  with  a  red  stain  on  the  marginal  band,  and 
with  the  inner  edge  of  this  marginal  band  improminently  lunulate, 
neither  dentate,  nor  perfectly  even.  The  dark  scale  patch  on  the  in- 
ternal margin  of  the  hind  wings  is  usually  stained  with  red  in  H. 
diffinis. 


Hemaris  tenuis,  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  G,  primary  wing. 

i  2  . — Pale  yellowish  and  black.  The  two  bluish  white  lateral  abdominal 
spots  evident  against  the  blackish  hairs  of  the  basal  segments,  which  latter 
are  dorsally  yellow.  Anal  tuft  black,  divided  by  yellow  central  hairs.  Be- 
neath, some  sparse  yellow  hair  overlies  the  usual  black  abdominal  vestiture. 
Legs  black  ;  pectus  pale  yellowish  white  ;  palpi  above  black,  beneath  pale  yel- 
lowish. Wings  largely  vitreous,  with  very  narrow,  dull  blackish  borders ; 
blackish  at  base  as  usual,  and  partially  overlaid  with  yellowish  scales.  Costal 
edging  narrow  ;  the  band  along  external  margin  is  even  on  its  inner  edge  and 
narrower  throughout  than  in  any  species  hitherto  described  from  the  Atlantic 
Pistrict.  There  is  no  perceptible  red  apical  shading.  The  body  squamation 
is  rather  rough,  and  in  size  it  is  the  snialh^st  of  our  species  yet  described.    The 


extornal  margins  of  the  wings  are  more  rounded  and  full  than  in  any  of  our 
other  known  species  of  Ileniaris. 

Expanse,  1.50  inch.     Lcngtli  of  body,  .80  inch. 

Throiigli  ]\Ir.  Strcckcr  I  luive  received  specimens  from  West 
Farms,  N.  Y.,  and  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania. 

lleinjiris  Thetis,  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  7,  primary  wing. 

Macroglossa  Thetis,  Boisduval,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  t.  3,  troisieme  Ser.  Bull., 

p.  32,  1855. 

Sesia  thetis,  Grote  and  Robinson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Vol.  1,  Plate  6,  18G8. 

This  species  is  from  California.  It  is  larger  than  H.  tenuis.  The 
marginal  band  of  the  primaries  is  even,  black  and  very  narrow. 
The  costal  edge  is  depressed  and  the  external  margin  of  the  fore 
wings  is  more  oblique,  uneven  and  longer  than  in  H.  tenuis.  There 
is  no  apical  stain  on  the  marginal  band  of  the  primaries.  The 
more  robust  Californian  species  may  also  be  distinguished  appa- 
rently by  the  details  of  the  abdominal  coloration.  It  is  described 
and  illustrated  in  Number  3  of  our  Descriptions  of  North  Ameri- 
can Lepidoptera,  as  above  cited.  Our  specimen  expands  1.80  inch. 
A  figure  of  the  fore  wing  is  given  here  for  comparison. 

Hemai'is  diffinis,  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  8,  primary  wing. 

Macroglossa  diffiinis,  Boisduval,  Sp.  Gen.  Plate  15,  fig.  2,  1836. 
Sesia  diffinis,  Harris,  Silliman's  Journal,  Vol.  36,  p.  308,  1839. 
f  SpMnx  fuciformis.  Smith,  His.  Ga.,  Vol.  1,  p.  85,  Plate  43, 1797. 

This  species  occurs  in  Canada,  and  at  various  localities  in  the 
New  England  and  Middle  States.  It  may  be  considered  infrequent 
in  the  vicinity  of  Buffalo.  Mr.  Zesch  has,  however,  taken  it  as  it 
hovered  in  day  time  about  blossoms.  My  artist  and  my  friend,  Mr. 
Henry  S.  Sprague,  gives  a  figure  of  the  fore  wing  so  that  it  may  be 
compared  with  the  other  species  here  illustrated.  In  one  example, 
received  from  Mr.  Strecker,  where  the  lunulation  of  the  external  band 
is  hardly  perceptible  above,  the  character  may  be  detected  on  the, 
under  surface. 


6 

A  considerable  number  of  specimens  examined  by  me  expand 
1.75  to  1.85  inch,  and  average  about  an  inch  in  length  of  body  as 
near  as  may  be. 

Heniaris  margiualis,  Orote,  Plate  2,  fig.  10.  s  . 

Thorax  above  yellowish  shading  to  olivaceous,  the  squamation  becoming 
deep  yellowish  over  the  basal  abdominal  segments  dorsally.  Middle  abdom- 
inal segments  black  ;  the  tAvo  pre-anal  deep  yellowish.  Anal  tuft  black  with  cen- 
tral yellowish  hairs  ;  beneath,  the  abdomen  is  black,  the  yellowish  hairs  of 
the  preanal  segments  extending  downwardly  at  the  sides.  Legs  black  ;  ante- 
rior i^air  with  pale  scales  along  the  tarsi  and  tibiae  inwardly.  Thorax  beneath 
sulphur  white.  The  body  seems  narrower,  more  fusiform  than  in  the  other 
species  and  the  squamation  more  depressed.  Wings  largely  vitreous,  orna- 
mented as  usual,  but  with  a  wider  terminal  band  on  the  primaries  than  is  pos- 
sessed by  H.  diffinis.  The  inner  edge  of  this  marginal  band  is  plainly  den- 
tate inwardly  on  the  superior  intersi^aces.  There  is  a  reddish  apical  stain  as 
in  H.  diffinis. 

Expanse,  1.65  to  1.70  inch.     Length  oflody,  .95  inch. 

Both  sexes  of  this  species  have  been  obligingly  communicated  to 
me  from  Michigan  by  Mr.  Herman  Strecker.  This  is  smaller,  but 
otherwise  closely  allied  to  H.  axillaris,  Grote,  from  Texas. 

Hemaris  axillaris,  Orote,  Plate  1,  fig.  9,  primary  wing. 
Sesia  axillaris,  Grote  and  Robinson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  1,  p.  23, 1868. 

This  species  differs  from  H.  marginalis  by  the  much  wider  and 
more  strongly  dentate  marginal  band  of  the  fore  wings,  exhibited 
in  the  present  illustration.  It  is  our  most  robust  species.  It  is 
from  Texas.  On  its  discovery  we  expressed  our  views  of  the  se- 
quence of  the  species  of  the  genera  Hemaris  (Sesia),  and  Haemor- 
rhagia,  which  should  be  modified,  since  the  examination  of  all  the 
new  species  here  described,  in  so  far,  that  we  are  now  decidedly  un- 
willing to  reunite  them  in  a  single  genus,  and  disposed  to  insist  on 
the  retention  of  Haemorrhagia  as  a  distinct  structural  tj-pe.  I  de- 
sire to  express  my  obligations  to  Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead  for  the  kind 
manner  in  which  he  has  placed  my  types  of  this  species  at  my  pres- 
ent disposition.  They  passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Central 
Park  Museum,  with  the  large  collections  of  the  late  Mr.  Coleman 
T.  Robinson  and  myself,  at  Mr.  liobinson's  desire. 


Genus  IIiUMUorrIiaa:ia,  Orote  and  Robinson  (18G5). 

In  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  Xew  Yorlc, 
Vol.  VIIL,  18G7,  Ave  gave  a  synoptical  table  of  the  species  of  this 
genus,  which  I  here  repeat  in  a  more  complete  shape,  adding  our 
recently  described  Haemorrhagia  uniformis  (Sesia  miiformis  G. 
&  E.)  from  the  Atlantic  District.  Mr.  Lintner  writes  me  that 
this  is  the  more  usual  species  about  Albany.  Mr.  Strecker  kindly 
sends  me  a  female  specimen  from  Labrador.  This  species  is  of  the 
size  of  H.  thysbe,  but  may  be  known  at  once  by  the  edendate  inner 
edge  of  the  marginal  band,  inwardly  produced  at  vein  5.  We  speak 
of  this  species  on  page  26  of  our  Systematic  Catalogue.  It  is  the 
ruficaudis  X  of  Walker,  but  not  of  Kirby,  to  judge  from  the  latter's 
description,  which  will  not  apply  to  any  species  of  Hemaris  or 
Haemorrhagia  known  to  us.  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Lintner, 
whose  entomological  labors  I  highly  appreciate,  specimens  of  H. 
gracilis,  G.  &  R.,  taken  near  Albany,  N.  Y.  This  is  our  rarest 
species  and  the  slightest  bodied.  In  fresh  specimens  there  is  a 
narrow  white  inner  lining  above  and  below  to  the  marginal  bands 
of  the  wings,  which  is  alike  singular  and  beautiful.  It  has  many 
distinguishing  features,  as  will  appear  in  the  following  synoptic 
table  of  the  species  of  this  genus.  The  first  species  known  to  sci- 
ence allied  to  Haem.  thysbe,  and  differing  by  the  edentate  margin 
of  the  fore  wings,  is  Haem.  buffaloensis,  G.  &  R.  In  Buflftilo, 
where  also  we  take  H.  uniformis  and  H.  thysbe,  Mr.  Eeinecke  and 
Mr.  Zesch  have  reared  Haem.  buffaloensis  from  the  egg  and  observed 
it  in  all  its  stages.  It  makes  a  very  slight  cocoon  on  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  The  chrysalis  has  no  exterior  independent  tongue  case. 
In  its  growth,  as  well  as  in  the  habits  of  the  perfect  moth,  we  see, 
that  Haemorrhagia  presents  resemblances  to  the  Hesperidae,  and  we 
can  be  sure  that  its  Group  outranks  the  Family.  Mr.  Lintner  has 
piiblished  full  observations  on  the  young  stages  of  Haem.  buffiiloen- 
sis  in  the  interesting  Reports  on  the  State  Cabinet ;  the  species  has 
also  occurred  near  Albany. 

I  owe  to  the  obliging  disposition  of  Mr.  Strecker,  of  Reading, 
Penn.,  an  opportunity  of  examining  a  single  specimen  of  H.  thysbe, 
from  Pennsylvania,  in  which  the  pre-anal  segments  are  almost 
entirely  red,  with  only  a  few  lateral  olive  colored  hairs.     I  think  it 


8 

possible,  then,  that  H.  fuscicaudis  is  only  a  form  of  H.  thysbe ;  but 
I  have  no  authentic  specimens  of  the  former  species  for  comparison 
The  following  is  a  table  of  our  species  of  Haemorrhagia : 

Group  I.    (Chamaesesia.) 

Discal  cell  of  primaries  free.  Vitreous  field  of  secondaries  crossed  by  five 
nervules.    Sp.  1. 

Thorax  beneath,  with  lateral  red  shades ;  hind  wings  beneath  with  a  pale 
shade  at  anal  angle, 1.  Haem.  graciliSj  G.  &  R. 

Uroup  II.    {Haemorrhagia) 

Discal  cell  of  primaries  crossed  by  a  longitudinal  bar  of  scales,  appearing  as  a 
prolongation  of  vein  5.  Vitreous  field  of  secondaries  crossed  by  six  nervules. 
Sp.  2  to  6. 

A.  Inner  edge  of  external  marginal  band  of  the  fore  wings  not  dentate  on 
the  interspaces.     Sp.  2  to  4. 


&•- 


Size  small.    (Expanse  1.65  to  1.70  inch) 2.  Haem.  Buffaloeiisis,  G.  &  R. 

Size  moderate.    (Expanse  1.80  to  2.20  inch).  3.  Haem.  iiiiiformis,  Grote. 
Size  large.    (Expanse,  $  ,  2.40  inch) 4.  Haem.  Florideusis,  G.  &  R. 

B.  Inner  edge  of  external  marginal  band  of  the  fore  wings  dentate  on  the 
interspaces.     Sp.  5  and  G. 

Abdomen  with  the  pre-anal  segments  olivaceous,  5.  Haem.  Tliysbe?  {G.  &  R.) 
Abdomen  terminally  entirely  deep  red, 6.  Haem.  f uscicaudis,(i?ow'(Z.) 

V.  Heinemaun,  in  his  "  Schmetterlinge  Deutschlands  und  der 
Schweiz,"  p.  142,  says,  that  the  discal  cell  of  the  primaries  is  crossed 
by  a  prolongation  of  vein  5,  in  the  European  Hemaris  bombyliformis. 
On  examination  I  find,  that  in  all  our  species,  as  well  as  in  the 
European,  where  the  cell  of  the  primaries  is  not  free,  it  is  crossed 
by  a  line  of  scales  continuous  with  vein  5,  but  the  vein  itself  is 
thrown  off"  as  usual ;  it  is  not  prolonged  inwardly,  as  stated  by  the 
German  Entomologist. 


9 


Family  NOCTUIDAE. 

Leucauia  Harveyi,  Orotc,  Plate  1,  fig.  14,  primary  wing. 

S  ?  . — The  fore  wings  are  rather  narrow,  with  straight  costal  edge  and  hardly 
oblique  exterior  margin.  They  are  pale  ochrey,  with  a  gray  costal  shade, 
which  picks  out  the  nervules.  A  black  dot  at  the  extremity  of  the  cell.  The 
median  nervure  is  striped  with  white  scales  which  extend  partially  along  the 
median  nervules,  that  are  else  marked  with  gray.  At  base  the  white  stripe 
broadens  below  the  nervure  and  is  edged  inferiorly  by  a  distinct  black  line. 
Medially,  below  median  nervure,  the  submedian  interspace  is  gray  limited 
below  by  a  second  curved  dark  line.  A  third  dark  streak  edges  the  median 
nervure  below,  between  the  origin  of  second  and  third  nervules.  Between  the 
fourth  and  fifth  nervules  there  is  a  faint  interspaceal  streak  and  cuneiform 
dark  marks  precede  the  gray  terminal  space,  which  is  cut  oflF  obliquely  to  apex. 
A  fine  terminal  line  ;  fringes  pale.  Collar  whitish,  with  a  dark  bordering  line  ; 
tegulae  with  a  white  streak.  Head,  thorax  and  appendages  pale,  somewhat 
olivaceous  ochrey.  Hind  wings  smoky,  blackish,  with  whitish  fringes,  with- 
out marks.  Beneath,  pale  with  powdered  dark  scales ;  nervules  dark.  Some- 
times the  median  nervure  on  the  primaries  is  darker  shaded  above  on  the  cell, 
and  the  subterminal  marks  are  variably  guttate  and  distinct. 

Expanse,  1.20  to  1.30  inch.    Habitat,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  etc. 

A  common  species  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States.  It  is  probably 
described  by  Guenee  as  L.  albilinea,  Huhner.  A  reference  to  Hiibner's 
original  illustration,  Zutraege,  figs.  337  to  338,  of  a  species  with 
uneven  costal  edge,  pale  apical  shade  and  produced  apices,  from 
Buenos  Ayres,  gives  abundant  reason  to  reject  Guenee's  determina- 
tion, while  the  assumption  that  Hiibner  is  mistaken  in  his  locality, 
seems  gratuitous.  Guenee  himself  doubted  his  determination  of 
our  species,  for,  referring  to  some  discrepancies  between  Hubner's 
figure  and  the  material  before  him  from  the  United  States,  he  asks : 
Serait-ce  une  espece  distiucte  ? 

To  Dr.  Leon  F.  Harvey,  of  Buffalo,  who  is  studying  this  Family 
of  Moths,  and  whom  I  thank  for  his  kind  personal  interest,  I  dedi- 
cate this  species. 

BTJL.  BUP.  SOC.  NAT.  SCI.  (2)  APRII.,  1873. 


10 

Leiicauia  Henricij  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  15,  primary  wing. 

The  wings  are  long  and  wide  ;  primaries  with  the  costal  edge  nearly  straight, 
slightly  arcuated  to  the  depressedly  acute  apices ;  external  margin  oblique ; 
internal  angle  full  and  rounded.  The  fore  wings  above  are  marked  with  lon- 
gitudinal shades.  There  are  no  traces  whatever  of  the  ordinary  spots  or  lines. 
All  the  veins  are  picked  out  by  whitish  gray  scales  and  the  interspaces  streaked 
with  olivaceous  ochrey.  This  latter  darker  shade  obtains  prominently  and 
broadly  from  the  base  of  the  wing,  below  median  nervure  on  the  submedian 
interspace  centrally,  to  the  external  margin,  before  which  it  is  attenuate,  leav- 
ing the  submedian  fold  marked  by  gray  scales,  and  the  region  along  the  internal 
margin  of  the  wing,  above  and  below  the  internal  nervure,  gray  with  scattered 
darker  scales.  The  interspaces  between  the  second  and  fourth  veins  have 
central  gray  shades.  Again  the  deep  olivaceous  ochrey  color  extends  along 
the  discal  cell,  margining  the  median  nervure  superiorly,  attenuate  at  base  and 
widening  to  external  margin  on  both  sides  of  the  fifth  vein,  which  is  as  usual 
brought  into  relief  by  pale  scales.  Again  the  darker  shade  is  more  prominently 
perceivable  on  the  post-apical  interspace  between  veins  7  and  8 ;  a  short 
trigonate  shade.  A  subobsolete  series  of  dots  at  the  base  of  the  white  fringes. 
Hind  wings  white.  Beneath,  whitish  with  costal  dustings  of  darker  scales  on 
both  wings  ;  a  faint  terminal  row  of  dark  marks.  Thorax  beneath  olivaceous 
ochrey,  as  are  the  legs  inwardly  ;  outwardly  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  are  whitish  gray 
and  contrast.  Antennae  rather  short  and  stout,  simple,  testaceous.  Palpi  ex- 
ceeding slightly  the  front.  Head  and  thorax  above  gray  ;  abdomen  exceeding 
the  hind  wings,  rather  long. 

Expanse,  1.50  inch.     Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Both  sexes  of  this  species  are  before  me.  Its  neutral  tints  are 
distinct  and  their  contrasts  on  the  primaries  strong.  It  cannot  be 
confounded  easily  with  any  of  our  described  species  on  account  of 
the  shape  and  breadth  of  the  primaries,  the  simplicity  of  the  mark- 
ings and  the  contrast  of  the  tints.  In  the  shape  of  the  wings  this 
species  resembles  Meliana. 

I  name  the  present  species  after  my  friend  Mr.  Henry  S.  Sprague, 
to  whose  talent  in  drawing  the  present  Article  owes  much  value. 


Leucania  evanida,  Orote,  Plate  1,  fig.  16,'primary  wing. 

S  . — Allied  to  L.  Henrici,  but  difiers  by  its  narrower  wings ;  the  primaries 
have  the  costal  edge  straighter ;  about  internal  angle  the  wing  is  not  so  full, 
less  roundedly  produced ;  the  internal  margin  is  straighter  and  the  wing  is 
less  developed  below  the  internal  nervure.     There  is  a  great  similarity  be- 


11 

tween  tlio  species  in  the  ornaniPntation  and  color,  but  everywhciro  the  gray 
shades  of  L.  Ilenrici  are  here  obsolete,  and  the  olivaceous  tints  on  the  primaries 
are  wanting  in  L.  evanida,  in  which  the  interspaceal  shadings  are  simply  ochre- 
ous.  The  fore  wings  are  almost  entirely  pale  ochreous,  with  the  whitish  veins 
and  shadings  less  obvious  and  contrasting.  The  internal  margin  is  ochreous  in 
the  present  species  while  it  is  gray  in  L.  Ilenrici.  The  labial  palpi  are  shorter 
and  do  not  so  prominently  exceed  the  front  in  L.  evanida,  which  is  the  slighter 
of  the  two  and  but  little  exceeds  the  European  L.  pallens  in  size.  Our 
species  wants  all  dots  or  marks  whatever  on  the  primaries  above.  The  fringes 
are  immaculate. 

Expanse,  1.45  inch.     Iliibitat,  Vuivi^va  Co.,  N.  Y. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  taken  by  the  late  Mr.  C.  T.  Robinson 
at  Brewster's. 


Caradrina  miranda,  Grote. 

S  . — This  is  a  slight  species  with  narrow,  glossy  blackish  primaries,  their  cos- 
tal and  internal  margins  straight.  All  markings  are  obliterate  and  hardly  to 
be  discerned.  The  ordinary  lines  are  divaricate  ;  the  subterminal  line  is  obso- 
lete, indicated  by  very  faint  pale  dots  and  preceding  dashes.  An  obscure  dark 
dot  marks  the  orbicular  ;  a  pale  dot  on  the  cross  vein  preceded  by  a  dark 
streak,  the  reniform.  The  wing  and  fringes  are  concolorous  and  in  some 
lights  there  is  nothing  to  disturb  their  unicolorous  appearance.  Thorax 
above  a  little  darker  ;  abdomen  and  under  surface  of  body  and  the  legs  a  little 
paler  than  primaries.  Hind  wings  pellucid  whitish,  clouded  with  blackish 
along  the  external  and  costal  margins,  without  discal  mark,  with  an  attenuate 
marginal  line. '  Beneath  both  pair  whitish  ;  the  fore  wings  are  largely  black- 
ish superiorly  and  along  external  margin.  The  costal  region  of  the  hind 
wings  is  broadly,  evenly  and  well  definedly  blackish. 

Expanse,  .90  to  1.00  inch.    Hahitat,  New  York  State. 

This  species  of  which  several  specimens  are  contained  in  the 
collection  of  this  Society,  is  pyraliform  in  appearance,  reminding  ns 
somewhat  of  Aglossa.  It  appears  to  bear  a  certain  resemblance  to 
the  European  C.  palustris,  Herrich-Schaeffer,  fig.  292.  It  resembles 
also  generally,  the  figures  366  and  367  of  the  same  Author. 


12 


Family  GEOMETRIDAE. 

Phasiane  mellistrigata,  Orote,  Plate  1,  fig.  11.   $  . 

Labial  palpi  convergent,  extended  beyond  the  front,  the  minute  third 
article  naked.  Antennae  scaled,  simple.  Maxillae  moderately  stout.  Vein  5 
of  the  secondaries  absent.  Dark  steel  gray.  Wings  ample ;  primaries  -with 
straight  costal  edge,  bluntly  acuminate  apices,  external  margin  slightly 
rounded.  Secondaries  full,  a  very  little  depressed  on  external  margin  oppo- 
site the  cell.  Fore  wings  bright  clean  steel  gray ;  a  distinct  even  continued 
narrow,  slightly  oblique,  bright  ochreous  transverse  anterior  line  with  a  light 
preceding  shade,  discontinued  superiorly.  A  dark  discal  streak,  above  which, 
on  costa,  the  very  indistinct  median  shade  line  is  more  distinctly  incepted.  A 
very  distinct  double  bright  ochreous  transverse  posterior  line,  followed  by  a 
distinct  black  shade  and  running  from  internal  margin,  a  little  unevenly  and 
outwardly  obliquely  to  vein  7,  where  it  is  arrested,  connected  with  the  costa  by 
a  narrow  black  line  placed  inwardly.  Subterminal  line  appearing  as  a  vague 
festooning  outside  of  the  black  shade.  A  very  fine  terminal  line  appearing  by 
interspaceal  dots.  Fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  a  little  paler,  mottled, 
deepening  in  color  outwardly,  with  a  distinct  median  even  once  angulated 
dark  line,  and  a  fainter  subterminal  shade.  Beneath,  paler,  mottled  ;  the  veins 
picked  out  by  testaceous  scales ;  the  costal  edge  a  little  stained  ;  markings 
improminent.  Body  concolorous.  Hind  tibiae  with  middle  and  terminal 
spurs. 

Expanse,  1.10  inch.    Halitat,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

We  have  only  the  female  of  this  species  in  the  collection. 


Mellilla,  n.  g. 

The  body  is  narrow  and  linear ;  the  abdomen  as  long  as  the  sec- 
ondaries, the  internal  angle  of  which  it  slightly  exceeds.  Labial 
palpi  dependent,  short,  but  little  exceeding  the  front.  No  ocelli. 
Male  antennae  bipectinate ;  the  pectinations  are  obtuse,  and  proyided 
with  setal  hair ;  there  are  about  eighteen  pairs  on  each  antennus, 
and  they  gradually  decrease  in  length  to  the  tip,  where  they  become 
obsolete.  Maxillae  moderate.  Wings  long.  Primaries  with  straight 
costal  and  parallel  internal  margins ;  external  margin  rounded,  a 
little  shorter  than  usual.  Veins  3  and  4  thrown  off  together;  5 
independent,  equidistant  between  4  and  G ;  7  and  8  together  from 
the  extremity  of  the  long  and  narrow  accessory  cell,  7  to  external 


13 

margin  before,  8  to  costal  margin  just  within  the  apex  ;  9  out  of  8 ;  10 
forming  the  upper  limit  of  tlie  accessory  cell,  (which  is  closed  by  a 
branchlet  towards  the  base  of  8  and  7,)  and  originating  from  the 
ui)})er  side  of  the  median  nervure;  11  out  of  10  on  the  line  of  the 
costal  nervure ;  12  anastomosing  with  10.  Hind  wings  ovate,  vein 
5  wanting.  Fringes  short. 
A  genus  of  Geometridae  allied  to  Fidonia. 


Mollilla  clianiaechrysaria,  Orote,  Plate  1,  fig.  1,   $  . 

S  .  Anterior  wings  basally  pale  brownish  oclirey,  sprinkled  with  dark 
brown  scales.  The  perpendicular  median  shade  is  j)ropiuquitous  to  the  even 
transverse  exterior  line,  which  limits  inwardly  the  deep  brown  terminal  field 
of  the  wing.  This  latter  is  deeper  shaded  along  the  apical  region  and  with 
the  line,  becoming  a  little  paler  centrally  on  external  margin.  Hind  wings 
deep  orange  above,  without  lines.  Internal  margin  with  black  scales,  which 
mark  the  inception  of  the  usual  transverse  lines  at  anal  angle.  Beneath  the 
fore  wings  are  orange,  with  a  terminal  apical  band.  Hind  wings  pale  brown, 
irrorate  with  dark  scales  and  with  a  median  transverse  dark  band. 

Expanse,  .75  inch.     Ilahitat,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  etc. 

Mr.  Charles  Linden  has  taken  specimens  in  this  vicinity.  I  have 
seen  this  species  singly  in  other  collections  of  Moths,  made  at 
various  points  in  the  Atlantic  States. 

On  the  Plate,  fig.  2  represents  the  under  surface,  and  fig.  3  the 
denuded  wings  enlarged,  showing  the  venation. 


Family  PYRALIDAE. 

*Lomanaltes,  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked.  Maxillae  moderate.  Labial  palpi  elongate, 
projected  straightly  forward ;  second  joint  as  long  as  the  thorax ; 
third  joint  longer  than  usual,  oljliquely  porrected,  closely  scaled. 
Antennae  simple,  slender,  finely  ciliate  inwardly.  Fore  wings  elon- 
gate, produced  apically;  costal  edge  sinuate,  uneven,  medially  de- 
pressed; external  margin  oblique;  internal  angle  rounded  and  the 

*  Qr.;     /ufxa  et  ava/.i??/f. 


14 

margin  shorter  than  usual.  Venation  like  Hypena;  primaries  13- 
veined :  3,  4  and  5  approximate ;  4  nearer  5  at  base  ;  cell  closed ;  an 
accessory  cell,  from  the  outer  extremity  of  which  7  and  8  are  thrown 
off  from  one  point;  9  out  of  8  to  costa;  8  to  apex;  10  out  of  the 
upper  edge  of  the  cell  opposite  the  inception  of  6.  Hind  wings 
moderately  full  and  rounded,  8-veined ;  5  arising  within  3  and  4, 
independent,  or  connected  by  an  aborted  feeble  veinlet  with  the 
median  nervure.     Hind  tibiae  with  terminal  and  median  spurs. 


Lomaualtes  laetulus,  Grote,  Plate  \,  figs.  12,  i  . 

Anterior  wings  dull  olivaceous  brown  with  a  liglit  purple  cast.  The  dark 
color  of  the  wing  extends  from  the  base  to  the  outer  median  line,  beyond  this 
latter  a  very  pale  shade  frosts  the  subterminal  field  and  extends  along  costal 
region  broadly  to  apices.  Transverse  anterior  line  even,  nearly  perpendicular, 
twice  angulated,  rusty  ochreous  with  a  pale  preceding  shade.  Transverse 
posterior  line  similar  in  appearance,  not  angulated,  even,  oblique,  followed  by 
a  pale  shade.  The  inconspicuous  discal  dot  is  formed  by  raised  scales.  Sub- 
terminal  line  faint,  irregular,  indented  opposite  the  cell  and  again  at  submedian 
interspace  ;  the  line  itself  is  dark,  picked  out  externally  by  pale  points.  Ter- 
minally the  wing  is  again  dark  below  the  pale  apical  region ;  fringes  dark. 
Hind  wings  fuscous,  without  markings,  touched  with  whitish  at  anal  angle  ; 
fringes  darker.  Beneath  the  wings  are  fuscous ;  secondaries  paler ;  discal 
dots  perceivable.  Ou  the  primaries  a  white  dot  on  the  interspace  between  7 
and  8  and  the  costal  nervules  are  faintly  indicated  by  pale  scales.  Head  and 
appendages  and  thorax  concolorous  with  fore  wings  ;  the  third  palpal  joint  is 
tipped  with  pale  scales.  Under  the  glass  there  is  an  admixture  of  pale  scales 
overlying  the  primaries  and  body  parts.  Abdomen  slender,  with  feeble  dorsal 
tufts,  no  longer  than  internal  margin  of  secondaries. 

Expanse,  1.10  inch.  Habitat,  Philadelphia;  Albany,  N.  Y. — 
(Lintner.) 

This  genus  is  allied  to  Hypena  and  Bomolocha.  From  either  it 
strongly  differs  in  the  shape  of  the  primaries :  their  sinuate  costal 
edge,  apical  production  and  oblique  and  extended  external  margin. 
The  relative  length  and  position  of  the  third  palpal  article  are  pe- 
culiar. In  the  last  of  three  Papers,  partly  treating  of  the  North 
American  Deltoids,  to  which  the  above  genus  belongs,  I  have  enu- 
merated twenty  genera  and  fifty  species  as  referable  to  the  Group, 
which  I  follow  the  authors  of  the  Wiener  Verzeichniss  in  consider- 


15 

ing  as  belonging  to  the  Pyralidae.  The  Group  appears  to  me  of 
subfamily  value.  Figure  13  gives  an  enlarged  vieAv  of  the  extremity 
of  the  labial  palpus,  showing  the  position  of  the  terminal  joint  in 
Lomanaltes. 


Family  TORTRICIDAE. 

Tortrix  Georgiaiia,  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  4,  primary  wing. 

Male  antennae  not  basally  constricted  ;  all  tlie  nervules  separated  ;  costa  of 
tlie  primaries  with  a  basal  fold  enclosing  a  liair  pencil ;  vein  2  thrown  off  at 
outer  two-thirds  of  the  median  nervure  from  the  base  to  origin  of  vein  3. 
Hind  wings  with  3  and  4  thrown  off  together  ;  also  6  and  7.  Fore  wings  pale 
ochrey,  with  five  transverse,  irregular,  nearly  equidistant,  perpendicular,  fer- 
ruginous lines  crossing  the  basal  two-thirds  of  the  wing ;  the  outer  fourth  and 
fifth  of  these  lines  are  joined  on  the  submedian  interspace  by  a  crossing  of 
similar  scales.  The  second  from  the  base  divides  at  costa.  On  the  outer  third 
of  the  wing  similar  ferruginous  scales  form  three  disconnected  angulate  fig- 
ures ;  two  on  the  costal,  one  on  the  internal  margin,  that  at  the  apex  Y-shaped. 
Light  purply  shades  on  the  ground  color  of  the  wing  between  the  ferruginous 
markings.     Hind  wings  dark  fuscous  with  pale  fringes  ;  anal  tuft  prominent. 

Habitat,  Philadelphia  (Bunte). 


Tortrix  Houstonaua,  Grote,  Plate  1,  fig.  5,  primary  wing. 

No  basal  antennal  constriction  ;  fore  wings  12  veined,  all  the  veins  separate  ; 
without  (?)  a  costal  fold.  Hind  wings  slightly  truncate ;  external  margin  un- 
even (wellenrandig) ;  veins  3  and  4  thrown  off  together,  short ;  5  much  re- 
moved ;  6  and  7  together  ;  7  curved  upwardly  to  apex.  Hind  tibiae  with  double 
spurs.  Palpi  thickly  scaled,  porrect,  applied  to  the  front.  Fore  wings  jmle 
ochreous, much  taken  up  with  ferruginous  transverse  irregular  lines;  between 
these  the  irregularly  formed  interspaces  are  filled  out  with  different  paler 
shades  ;  at  outer  third  the  second  and  third  transverse  lines  from  the  external 
margin  are  connected  medially  by  a  black  blotch,  and  blackish  scales  are  else- 
where intermixed  on  the  lines.  There  is  a  plumbeous  patch  on  submedian 
interspace  and  a  smaller  one  beneath  it  on  the  margin,  as  well  as  others 
obliquely  inwardly  towards  costa  not  prominent.  The  paler  scales  over  the 
middle  of  the  wing  are  slightly  brilliant.  Hind  wings  pale,  slightly  smoky, 
with  paler  fringes  longer  about  anal  angle  and  internal  margin.  In  color  this 
smaller  species  with   rounded   primaries   resembles   the   preceding,  but   the 


16 

wing  is  darker,  more  blotchy  and  ferruginous.  The  longer  fringes  about  anal 
angle  of  the  hind  wings  remind  one  of  Teras,  to  which  I  was  at  first  disposed 
to  refer  both  species,  but  the  point  of  departure  of  vein  2  on  the  fore  wings 
and  the  straightness  of  the  median  nervure  are  opposed  to  the  characters  of 
that  genus. 

Habitat,  Texas  (Belfrage). 


Conchylis  straminoides,  Orote. 

The  fore  wings  widen  outwardly,  lapping  a  little  at  internal  angle.  Pale 
soft  ochreous,  with  a  median  olivaceous  band  on  the  fore  wings  which  below 
appears  as  a  very  large  and  very  intensely  colored  ferruginous  spot  taking  up 
the  inferior  half  of  tlie  band  and  resting  on  internal  margin.  The  apical  re- 
gion is  powdered  with  dark  scales  and  the  wing  terminally  shaded  downwardly 
with  olivaceous.  The  costa  is  also  darker  dotted  at  base.  Thus  there  are  in- 
dications of  three  darker  transverse  shades.  Fringes  pale.  Beneath  the  pri- 
maries are  dark  fuscous,  except  along  internal  margin.  Above,  the  hind 
wings  are  pale  with  a  light  fuscous  shade ;  beneath  with  a  sprinkling  of 
fuscous  scales  about  the  costo-apical  region.     Labial  palpi  dependent. 

Habitat,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Kesembles  C.  stramiuea  of  Europe  and  more  distantly  C.  augula- 
tana,  Robinson,  from  this  State. 


17 


II.    Catalogue  of  the  Sphingidae  of  North  America. 

Sij^ce  the  North  American  species  of  Spliingidae  were  enumer- 
ated in  18G8,  by  the  late  Mr.  Coleman  T.  Robinson  and  myself,  a 
few  additional  species  have  been  discovered  in  our  Territory,  and  are 
here  included.  A  very  few  generic  changes  have  been  also  found 
necessary,  and  are  here  introduced.  No  authentic  captures  of  Phil. 
Satellitia,  or  Dil.  Brontes,  have  been  reported  from  any  part  of  our 
Territory.  These  were  formerly  retained  among  our  species,  for  the 
reason  that  they  occur  near  our  southern  borders,  as  also,  partly, 
that  some  of  our  own  species  had  been  mistaken  for  them,  as  will 
in  fact  api^ear  from  an  examination  of  synonymy  here  acknowledged. 
The  geographical  limits  here  accepted,  and  the  signs  used,  are  the 
same  as  those  adopted   in  the  List  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  North 

America. 

Aug.  R,  Grote. 
Buffalo,  April  21, 1873. 


SPHINGIDAE. 

Subfamily,  BOMBYLIAE  (Ilubuer). 

Tribe,  Vulgares  {Iliibner). 

ARCTONOTUS,  Boisduval  (1852). 

Type:  Arctouotus  lacidus, Boisduval. 


IncMus,  Boisduval. 
California. 


LEPISESIA,  Grote  (1865). 

Type  :  Maeroglossa  flavofa.sciata,  Bnrnstoii  MS. 
flavofasciat.ij  Grote. 

Maeroglossa  flavofasciata.  Walker. 
Canada. 

Bl-L.  EUF.  POC.  NAT.  SCI.  (3)  MAY.  187.3. 


18 


HEMARIS,  Dalman  (1816). 

Type :  Spliins  fuciformis,  Linnaeus. 

Tlictis,  Orote. 

Macroglossa  Thetis,  Boisduval. 

Sesia  thetis,  Qrote  and  Robinson. 
California. 

tenuis,  Grote. 

New  York ;   Pennsylvania. 

difflnis,  Grote. 

Macroglossa  diffinis,  Boisduval. 

Sesia  diffinis,  Harris. 

?  Sphinx  fuciformis,  %  Smith. 
Canada  ;  Xew  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

marginalis,  Grote. 
Michigan. 

axillaris,  Grote. 

Sesia  axillaris,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Texas. 


HAEMORRHAGIA,  Grote  and  Robinson  (1865). 

Type :  Sesia  Tliysbe,  Fuhridus. 
§  Chamaesesia,  Grote. 

gracilis,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Canada ;  New  York. 

§  Haemorrhagia,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Buffaloensis,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
New  York. 

uniforiuis,  Grote. 

Sesia  ruficaudis,  X  Walker. 

Sesia  uniformis,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Labrador ;  Canada ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania, 

f  loridensis,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Florida. 


19 


Thysbc,  Orote  and  RoUnson. 

Sesia  Thysbc,  Fabricius. 

Sphinx  pclasfjus,  Cramer. 

?  Sesia  cimhiciformis,  Stephens. 

?  Sesia  rujicaudis,  Kirby. 
Massachusetts;  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

fuscicaudis  ( Walker). 


Macroglossa  fuscieaudis,  Boisduval  MS. 
Georgia  (Abbot). 

AELLOPOS,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Titan,  Cramer. 

Titan,  Hiibner. 

Sphinx  Titan,  Cramer. 

Macroglossum  annulosum,  Swainson. 

Macroglossa  balteata,  Kirtland. 
Oliio ;  Texas. 

Tantalus,  Hiibner. 

Sphinx  Tantalus,  Linnaeus. 

Sphinx  zonata,  Drury. 
Texas. 

EUPROSERPINUS,  Grote  and  Robinson  (18G5). 

Type:  Euproserpinus  Phaeton,  Orote  ami  Robinson . 

Phaeton,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Macroglossa  Erato,  Boisduval. 
California. 

Tribe,  Aequivocae  {Hubner). 
THYREUS,  Swainson  (1821). 

Type  :  Thyreus  Abbotii,  Swainson 

Abbotii,  Swainson. 

Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

AMPHION,  Hiibner  (181G). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Nessus,  Cramer. 

Nessus,  Hiibner. 

Sphinx  Ncssiis,  Cramer. 
Canada  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsj'lvania. 


20 

ENYO,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Spliinx  lugubris,  Linnaeus. 

lug'ubrisj  Wallcer. 

Sphinx  lugubris,  Linnaeus. 

Sphynx  Fegeus,  Cramer. 

Enyo  Phegeus,  Hiibner,  Verzeiclmiss. 

?  Enyo  luguhris,  Hiibner,  Zutraege.^ 
Georgia ;  Alabama ;  Texas. 

DEIDAMIA,  Clemens  (1859). 

Type  :  Pterogon  ?  inscriptum,  JJarris. 
inscript.a,  Clemens. 

Pterogon  ?  inscriptum,  Harris. 
?  SpJdnx  Japix,  Cramer. 

Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

PROSERPINUS,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type:  Spliinx  Oenotlierae,  Denis  and  Scliifferlin. 
Clarkiaej  Clemens. 

Pterogon  Clarkias,  Boisduval. 
California. 

Gaurae.  Hdhner. 

Spliinx  Gaurae,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Georgia. 

Subfamily  DEILEPHILAE  {Iluhier). 

Tribe,  Pallidivenosae  {Hiibner). 
DEILEPHILA,  Oclisenlieimer  (1816), 

Type  :  Spliinx  livornica,  Esper. 
Cliamaeuerii,  Harris.'^ 

Sphinx  epilohii,  Harris  MS. 
Deilcphilu  galii,  %  Walker. 
Deilephila  canadensis,  Guenee  MS. 
?  Beilephila  intermedia,  Kirby. 
Canada  ;  Lake  Superior  ;  Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

1  This  reference,  I  tliink,  should  bo  transferred  to  tlie  synonymy  of  Enyo  Gorgon;  Dr. 
Herrich-Schaefl'er,  however,  does  not  agree  with  me  on  this  point. 

2  In  1865  I  drew  attention  to  certain  characters,  which  I  thinli  readily  distinguish  our  American 
species.  M.  Ouen6e  (Annates  de  la  Socict6  Entomologique  de  France,  4i6me,  Scrie  8,  p.  7) 
speaks  of  tlie  distinguishing  cliaracters  of  D.  cliamacnerii  as  "  trC-s-sufflsants."    I  am,  therefore, 


21 

liucatn,  ILo-rin. 

Sphinx  liiicdtK,  Fubricius  (Syst.  Ent.  177o). 
Sphinx  daucus,  Cramer  (Plate  135,  D.  1779). 

California  ;  Canada  to  Texas. 

Tribe,  Elegantes  {Ilubncr). 

DUrO,  Hiibner  (181G.) 

Vitis. 

Sphinx  vitis,  Linnaeus,  Drury,  Fabricius,  Denis  and  Schiflferlin, 
Cramer  (367,  C),  Abbot  and  Smith,  Westwood. 

Merian  (Plate  47,  upper  figure  teste  Linnaeus). 

Sphinx  fasciatus,  Sulzer. 
Dupojussieuae,  Hiibner. 
Philampeliis  vitis,  Harris. 
Philampelm  vitis  (larva),  Clemens. 
Philampelus  jussieuae  (imago)  Clemens. 
Philampeliis  fasciatus,  Lucas. 

New  Jersey  ;  Southern  States. 

Liiiuei. 

Sphinx  vitis,  |  Cramer  (368,  E). 
Dapo  vitis,  j^  Hiibner,  Verzeichniss. 
Philampelas  vitis,  X  Walker,  Herrich-ScliaefFer. 
Philampelus  vitis,  X  (imago),  Clemens. 
Alabama  (Auth.  Calverley). 


PHILA3IPELUS,  Harris  (1839). 

Type :  Daphne  Pandorus,  Iliihner. 
Paiidorus,  Walker. 

Daphne  Pandorus,  Hiibner. 

Pliilampelus  satellitia,  X  Harris. 

Philampelus  ampelophaga,  Boisduval  MS. 

f  Sphinx  satellitia  Fabricius,  Drury  (not  of  Linnaeus). 
Massachusetts;  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

Acheiuoii)  Harris. 

Sphinx  Achemon,  Drury. 

Sphinx  Grantor,  Cramer. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

not  agreed  with  a  certain  hasty  opinion  to  the  contrary,  in  the  pages  of  the  Canadian  Entomol- 
ogist, expressed  by  Mr.  Herman  Strecker.  >!.  Guenae  conjectures  that  the  description  of 
Deilephila  Oxybiiphi,  Clemens,  an  apocryphal  species,  is  based  on  a  lurva  of  Deilephila 
chamaenerii. 


22 

PACHYLIA,  Walker  (1856). 

Type  :  Spliiiix  ficiis,  Linnaeus. 


Lyuceaj  Clemens. 
Texas. 


ARGEUS,  Hiibner  (1816), 

Type :  Spliinx  Labruscae,  Linnaeus. 

Labruscae,  Huhner. 

Sphinx  Labruscae,  Linnaeus. 
New  Jersey  ;  Philadelphia  (Autli.  C.  A.  Blake). 

Tribe,  Obliquostriatae  {Hubner). 
METOPSILUS,  Duncan  (1852). 

Type :  Sphinx  Tersa,  Linnaeus. 
Tersaj  Duncan. 

Sphinx  Tersa,  Linnaeus. 
Canada  to  Texas. 

(?)  Procne  (Clemens). 

California  (Auth.  Clemens). 

Tribe,  Uncinnati  {Huhner). 

DARAPSA,  Walker  (1856). 

Type :  Sphinx  Choerilus,  Cramer. 
Clioerilus,  Walker. 

Sphinx  Choerilus,  Cramer. 
Sphinx  Azaleae,  Abbot  and  Smith. 

Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Southern  States. 

Tersicoloi'j  Clemens. 

Choerocampa  versicolor,  Harris. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  (Buffalo). 

Myron,  Walker. 

SpJiinx  Myron,  Cramer. 

Spliinx  pampinatrix ,  Abbot  and  Smith. 

Otus  Cnotus,  Hiibner. 

Canada  ;  New  York  ;  Snutliern  States. 


23 


Subfamily  SMEKINTHI  {Iluhncr). 

Tribe,  Angulati  Ujibner. 

PAONIAS,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Spliinx  excaecatus,  Abbot  and  Smith. 

excaecatus,  Uilbner. 

SpJiinx  excaecatua,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Canada ;  Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Southern  States. 

pavoninus,  Gei/er.  


Pennsylvania  (Auth.  Geyer).     An  spec,  praec.  ? 

iiiyopsj  Hiibner. 

Spliinx  niyops,  Abbot  and  Smitli. 
Smerinthus  rosacaerum,  Boisduval. 

New  York  ;  Pennsylvania ;  Southern  States. 


Astylus. 


CALASTMBOLUS/  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Sphinx  Astylus,  Drury. 


Sphinx  Astylus,  Drury. 
Sphinx  lo,  Boisduval. 
Smcrinthvs  intcgcrrima,  Harris. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 


SMERINTHUS,  Latreille  (1809). 

Type :  Spliinx  ocellatus,  Linnaeus. 

ophthalmicus,  Boisduval. 
California. 

^euiiuatus,  Say. 

Canada ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Cerisii,  Kirby.'^ 

Hudson's  Bay  Territory  (Keunicott). 

•^Gr.:  kcOm)  et  aavfijio/jx;.  The  genus  ditlcrs  from  Paouias  in  the  shape  of  the  second- 
aries, and  from  Smerinthus  in  antennal  structure. 

''  I  regret  to  differ  entirely  from  the  conclusions  reached  by  ]\Ir.  Liutner,  in  an  interesting 
article  on  the  variation  of  Smerinthus  geminutus  (Entomological  Contril)ution  II).  I  tliink  also 
that  in  no  eveut  should  Drury's  name  l3e  brought  into  use  for  our  common  species,  since  his  illus- 
tration is  discordant.  I  learn  from  Mr.  Strecker  that  a  specimen  referable  to  this  genus  has 
been  received  from  the  Isthmus.  Mr.  Lintner's  reasons  for  referring  Drury's  and  Kirby's 
illustrations  to  S.  geuiiiiatns  must  be  conceded,  1  think,  to  be  partly  speculative.  In  1865  I 
satisfied  myself  that  Kirby's  figure  was  faithful  and  liis  species  valid. 


24 


Tribe :  Dentatae  {Huhner). 
LAOTHOE,  Fabricius  restr.  (1807). 

Type:  Spliius  Popiili,  ZiHHrtews. 

modesta. 

Smerinthus  modesta,  Harris. 
Smerintlius  princeps.  Walker. 
Lake  Superior ;  Canada;  Massachusetts;  New  York. 

CRESSONIA,  Grotc  and  Robinson  (1865). 

Type:  Sphinx  juglaudis,  Abbot  and  Smitlt. 

juglaiidiSj  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Sphinx  juglandis,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Canada ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York  ;  Southern  States. 


Subfamily,  MANDUCAE,  {Huhner). 

Tribe,  Ponderosae  {Hiibner). 

CERATOMIA,  Harris  (1839). 

Type  :  Agrius  Amj^ntor,  Hubncr. 

Amyntorj  Orate  and  Robinson. 

Agrius  Amyntor,  Hiibner. 

Ceratomia  quadricornis,  Harris. 
Canada ;  Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Michigan. 

DAREMMA,  Walker  (1856). 

Type  :  Daremma  undulosa,  Walker. 
undulosa,  Walker. 

Sphinx  Brontes,  X  Boisduval,  Species  Gem'ral. 
Macrosila  Brontes  ?  Walker. 
Ceratomia  repentinus,  Clemens. 
Connecticut;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania;  Micliigan. 


25 

DILUDIA,  Grote  and  Robinson  (1805). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Brontes  {Drury),  Grote. 

Jasinincaritiii;  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Sphinx  jasminearum,  Boisduval. 
New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

leucopliaoata  (Clemens). 

Texas  (Auth.  Clemens). 

MACROSILA,  Walker  emend.  (1856). 

Type :  Spliinx  rustica,  Fubricius. 

rustica;  Walker. 

Sphinx  rustica,  Fabricius. 

Sphinx  cMonanthi,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Pennsylvania  ;  Virginia  ;  Southern  States. 

Carolina,  Clemens. 

Sphinx  Carolina,  Linnaeus. 
Massuchusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania ;  Southern  States. 

CeleuSj  Orote  and  Robinson. 

Phleyothontiits  Celei/s,  Hiibner. 

Sphinx  quinquemaculata,  Stephens. 

Sphinx  Carolina,  %  Donovan. 
Canada  ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Ciugulataj  Clemens.^ 

Sphinx  cingulata,  Fabricius. 
Sphinx  Druroei,  Donovan. 

Sphinx  convolvvli,  X  Abbot  and  Smitli. 
New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

SPHINX,  Linnaeus  restr.  (1758). 

Type  :  Sphinx  ligustri,  Linnaeus. 

Drui»ifcrarum,  Abbott  and  Smith. 

Canada  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

Kalniiac,  Abbot  and  Smith. 

Canada  ;  New  Yorli  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

5  The  European  Sphinx  convolvuli  foils  in  after  our  M.  cinsrulata,  and  belongs  to  Macrosila. 
See  Grote  and  Robinson,  Annals  New  York  Lyceum,  Vol.  8, 18UG. 

Bri..  Bl'F.  see.  NAT.  SCI.  (4)  MAT.  187.3. 


26 

ChersiSj  Grotc  and  Robinson. 

Lethia  chcrsis,  Hiibner. 

Sphinx  cinerea,  Harris. 
Canada ;  Massachusetts  ;  New  York  :  Pennsylvania. 

LETHIA,  Hiibner  restr.  (181G). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Gordius,  Crnmcr. 

Gordius,  Hiibner. 

SpJiinx  Gordius,  Cramer. 
Canada ;  New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

luscitiosa. 

Sphinx  luscitiosa,  Clemens. 
New  York  ;  Wisconsin. 

AGRIUS/  Hiibner  restr.  (1820). 

Type :  Agrius  eremitus,  Huhner. 

eremitus,  Uuhner. 

Sphinx  sordida,  Harris. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania ;  Wisconsin. 

lugens. 

Sphinx  lugens.  Walker. 
Texas. 

DOLBA,  Walker  (1856). 

Type :  Sphinx  Hylaeus,  Drury. 
Hylacusj  Walker. 

Sphinx  Hylaeus,  Drury. 

Sphinx  Prini,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

8  I  accept  Mr.  Lintner  s  restriction  of  rtiibner's  generic  term  ■nith  pleasure.  The  name  cannot 
be  used  for  any  of  the  species  included  under  it  in  the  Verzeichniss.  I  have  liitlierto  neglected 
to  observe  the  structure  of  this  and  allied  forms. 


27 


Tribe,  Leves  {Iliibncr). 
DILOPHONOTA,  Burmeister  (185G). 

Type :  Sphinx  Ello,  Linnaeus. 


EllO;  Burmeister. 

SpJiinx  Ello,  Linnaeus. 
New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

obscura,  Orote  and  Robinson. 

Sphinx  obscura,  Fabricius. 
?  Erinnyis  Stheno,  Iliibner. 

Pennsylvania. 


HYLOICUS,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Sphinx  pinastri,  Linnaeus. 

Scquoiae  {Boisduval). 
California. 

Strobi  {Boisduval). 
California  ? 

plebeia,  Grote. 

SpJiinx  plebeia,  Fabricius. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

ELLEMA,  Clemens  (1859). 

Type :  Ellema  Harrisii,  Clemens. 

Coniferarum. 

Sphinx  coniferarum,  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Georgia. 

Harrisii,  Clemens. 

Sphinx  coniferarum,  %  Harris. 

Canada ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York. 

Piiieum,  Lintner. 

Canada  (?) ;  New  York  State. 


28 


bombycoides.  Walker.  - 
Canada  (Autli.  Walker). 


LAPARA,"  Walker  (1856). 

Type  :  Lapara  bombycoides,  Walker. 


7  A  critical  comparison  between  specimens  of  EUema  Harrisii  and  a  figure  of  Lapara  bomby- 
coides,  executed  in  England,  convinces  me  tliat  tlie  two  species,  if  distinct,  cannot  be  separated  by 
any  uncomparative  description.  The  fore  wings  in  the  drawing  of  L.  bombycoides  seem  narrower, 
with  the  external  margin  quite  oblique,  the  apices  more  produced.  So  also  the  external 
prominent  dentatedly  lunulate  transverse  band  is  more  oblique,  and  its  representation  in  the 
picture  gives  it  a  more  even  general  course  ;  whereas  in  Ellema  Harrisii  it  is  a  little  outwardly 
bent  opposite  the  cell,  and  there  is  a  depression  at  submedian  interspace.  The  hind  wings  appear 
a  little  more  rounded  and  the  head  more  sunken  in  the  drawing.  But  in  every  detail  of  size, 
color  and  characteristic  marking,  there  is  so  great  a  correspondence  between  the  two  that  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  that  the  drawing  represents  an  individual  of  E.  Harrisii,  and  I  hope  an  occa- 
sion will  be  soon  offered  for  sending  specimens  of  Ellema  Harrisii  to  Loudon  for  verification. 

Hyloicus  and  Ellema  appear  to  me  to  recall,  sufiBciently  strongly  as  to  be  noticed,  certain 
European  Bombjxidae,  such  as  Dendrolimus  pini,  which  are  considered  by  some  authors  as 
typical  of  the  latter  family,  but  which  have  apparently  no  American  representatives. 


29 


III.    Catalogue  of  the  Zygaenidae  of  North  America. 

Since  the  publication  in  the  "  List,"  of  the  North  American 
Zygaenidae  in  1808,  by  the  Lite  Coleman  T.  Robinson  and  myself, 
several  new  forms  have  been  described  l)y  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  Jr., 
and  Mr.  Eichard  H.  Stretch.  In  the  valuable  work  of  the  latter 
Author,  now  appearing  in  Parts,  are  also  several  suggestions  in  rela- 
tion to  the  synonymy  of  certain  species,  which  I  here  adopt.  In 
the  Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Academy 
of  Science,  Dr.  Packard  suggests  that  Eupsychoma  geometrica, 
Grote,  from  Colorado,  is  the  same  or  rather  a  variety  of  ISTemeophila 
petrosa,  Walker.  I  have  described  and  figured  two  species  of 
Nemeophila  from  California,,  and  also  examined  Mr.  "Walker's  types 
of  the  genus  in  the  British  Museum.  My  type  of  Eupsychoma  is  in 
the  collection  of  the  American  Entomological  Society,  and  I  did  not 
have  it  with  me  in  1867  for  comparison  when  in  London.  It  diflfers 
from  Mr.  Walker's  type  and  description  by  the  immaculate  second- 
aries, and  it  is  broader  winged.  Dr.  Packard's  remarks  show  me, 
however,  that  I  have  probably  erroneously  referred  the  species  to 
the  present  family  in  1865,  and  it  is  here  excluded.  From  what 
we  already  know  of  the  distribution  of  this  Family,  we  may  expect 
the  discovery  of  many  more  species  from  Southern  California, 
the  South-western  Territories  and  Texas.  In  my  Notes  on  the 
Zygaenidae  of  Cuba,  1866,  I  have  drawn  comparison  between  the 
profusional  intertropical  representation  of  the  Family  and  this 
limited  number,  both  of  genera  and  species  which  appear  as  inhab- 
itants of  the  Atlantic  District,  where  the  Bombycidae  are  the  pre- 
vailing element.  In  the  present  "Catalogue"  all  species  not 
occurring  within  the  Faunal  limits  embraced  by  Dr.  Le  Coute's 
List  of  the  Coleoptera  are  omittrd. 

Aug.  R.  Grote. 
Buffalo,  April  28, 1873. 


30 


ZYGAENIDAE. 
Subfamily  HESPERI-SPHINGES,  LatreiUe. 

Tribe,  Alypiini,  Orote. 

ALYPIA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Zygaena  8-maculata,  Fabncius. 
§  Androloma.i 
Lorquinii,  Orote  and  Robinson. 
California ;  Colorado  Territory. 

similis;  Stretch. 

California. 

MacCullochii,  Kirly. 
Nevada;  Canada;  Nova  Scotia. 

Riding^siij  Orote. 

Colorado  Territory  ;  Nevada  ;  California. 

Branuani;  Stretch. 

California. 

§  Alypia. 

Dipsacij  Orote  and  Robinson. 
California. 

Sacrainenti,  Orote  and  Robinson. 
California. 

octomaculata)  Habner. 

Zygaena  octomaculata,  Fabricius. 
2  Alypia  octomaculalis,  Hubner. 
$  Alypia  quadriguttalis,  Hiibner. 
Phalaena  albomaculata,  Cramer. 

Anticosti  Island ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

^Qr.:     avSpiov  et  "ku^a.     I  include  in  this  section  tlie  species  with  a  drum-like  expansion 
of  the  costa  in  the  male.    The  type  is  Alypia  Lorquinii. 


31 

Lnngftonii,  Covper. 

Alyina  octomaculata,  %  ^Walker  (in  part). 
Canada  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Mariposa,  Orote  and  Robinson. 
California. 


Innata,  Stretch. 
California. 


Oi'otei  {BoisduvaJ). 

?  Agarista  himaculata,  Herricli-Scliaeffer,  fig.  26. 
California. 

Tribe,  Psychomorpiiini,  Grate. 

rSYCHOMORPHA,  Harris  (1839). 

Type :  Noctua  Epimenis,  Drury. 

Epimeiiis,  Harris. 

Noctua  Epimenis,  Drury. 
Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Tribe,  Eudriini,  Grote. 
EUSCIRRHOPTERUS,  Grote  (1866). 

Type :  Euscirrbopterus  Poeyi,  Grote. 

Oloveri,  Grote. 
Texas. 


2  While  Mr.  Walker,  in  the  British  Museum  Lists,  refers  Canadian  specimens  of  A.  Langtonii 
to  A.  8-maculata,  I  think  it  probable  that  Mr.  Couper  describes  the  latter  species  as  the  male 
of  A.  Langtonii.  This  supposition,  however,  becomes  unlikely  when  we  see  that  Mr.  Couper 
quotes  my  letter  describing  the  male  A.  8-maculata,  with  which  he  is  unacquainted,  in  the  same 
Paper.  If  Mr.  Couper  is  correct,  we  have  to  do  with  a  species  in  which,  while  the  female  has 
but  a  single  spot  on  the  hind  wings,  the  male  has  two  spots,  like  A.  8-maculata.  But  I  think  I 
have  both  sexes  of  A.  Langtonii  agreeing  with  Mr.  Couper's  original  illustration.  A  mistake  is 
the  more  likely  to  have  happened,  since  Mr.  Couper  compares  his  species,  in  the  first  instance, 
with  A.  MacCullochii,  Kirby,  instead  of  with  A.  8-niaculata.  Kirby  gives  the  color  of  the 
spots  on  both  wings  in  his  species  as  white.  Both  Kirby's  very  good  figure  and  a  specimen 
before  me  from  Owen's  Lake,  Nevada,  show  a  sulphur  tinge  on  both  wings,  though  more  decid- 
edly on  the  primaries.  A.  Langtonii  8  has  also  the  spots  concolorous  on  either  wing,  and 
it  is  probably  only  in  A.  8-maculata  that  the  spots  on  the  primaries  are  sulphur  yellow  and  on 
the  hind  wings  white.  Now  that  we  have  also  a  Californian  spei'ies  described  with  all  the  spots 
white,  our  remark  as  to  the  correspondence  in  the  color  of  the  spots  between  the  species  of 
Alypia  inhabiting  the  same  Fauual  District,  becomes  incorrect. 


32 


EUDRYAS,  Boisduval  (183G). 

Type  :   Eutliisanotia  uuio,  Ilubncr. 

breyipeiiiiis,  Stretch. 

California  (Auth.  Stretch). 

iiuio;  Boisduval. 

EutJiisanotia  xmio,  Hiibner. 
Canada;  Massachusetts;  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

grata,  Harris. 

Bomhyx  grata,  Fabricius. 
Canada  ;  Vermont ;  Massachusetts  ;  New  York. 


Subfamily  GLAUCOPES  {Huhner). 

Tribe,  HoRAMiNi,  Orote. 

HORAMA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Pretus,  Cramer. 

Texanaj  Grote. 

Horomia  plumipes,  X  Clemens. 
Texas. 

Tribe,  Hyalinae  {Hiibner'). 

LAEMOCHARIS,  Herrich-SchaefiFer  (1850). 

Type  :  Laemocharis  Pertyi,  Boisduval  MS. 

Pertyij  Herrich-Schaeffer.  

Georgia. 

COSMOSOMA,  Hiibner  (1820). 

Type  :  Cosmosoma  Omphale,  Hiibner. 
OmpliJile,  Hiibner. 
Georgia  ;  Alabama  ;  Florida  ;  Texas. 

SYNTOMEIDA,  Harris  (1839). 

Type :  Syntomeida  Ipomaeae,  Harris. 

IpomaeaCj  Harris. 

Glaucopis  Euterpe,  ITerrich-ScliaefftT,  fig.  4.30. 

?  Eachromia  ferox.  Walker. 
Georgia. 


33 


Tribe,  Ctenucuini,  Grote. 
SCEPSIS,  Walker  (1854). 

Type :  Qlaucopis  f  ulvicollis,  Ilubner. 
fulvicollis,  Wctlker. 

Qlaucopis  fulvicollis,  Hiibner. 
Qlaucopis  semidiaphana,  Harris. 
Scepsis  Packardii,  Grote.^ 

California  ;  Maine  to  Florida. 

CTENUCHA,  Kirby  (1837). 

Type :  Ctenuclia  Latreillana,  Kirby. 
%  Ctenuclia. 
Virginica,  Qrote. 

Sphinx  Virginica,  Cliarpentier. 
Ctenuclia  Latreillana,  Kirby. 
Canada  ;  Maine  ;  New  York  (Buffalo). 

Cressonana,  Qrote. 
Colorado  Territory. 

§  Euctenuclia.* 

ochroscapus,  Qrote  and  BoUnson. 

Ctenuclia  cormna,  Boisduval. 
California. 

multifaria,  Qrote  and  Robinson. 

Apistosia?  multifaria.  Walker. 

Qlaucopis  rubroscapus,  Men6tries. 
California. 

llobinsonii;  Boisduval. 

California. 

Harrisii,  Boisduval.  

California. 

3  Mr.  Stretch  considers  the  Californian  S.  Packardii,  as  not  specifically  distinct  from  our 
Eastern  S.  fulvicollis. 

*Gr.:     "Ev  et  Ctenucha.    The  type  of  this  section  is  Ctenucha  multifaria.    For  the  struc- 
tural peculiarities  of  the  Californian  species,  see  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol  1,  p.  330. 

BUL.  BUP.  soc.  NAT.  SCI.  (5)  MAT,  1873. 


bninnea,  Stretcli. 
California. 


venosa,  Walker. 
Texas. 


34 


§  Pliiloros,  Walker. 


PYGARCTIA,  Grote  (1871). 

Type :  Pygarctia  abdominalis,  Qrotc. 


abdoininalisj  Grote. 
Alabama. 


Tribe,  Variegatae  (Rubner). 
GNOPHAELA,  Walker  (1854). 

Type  :  Dioptis  aequinoctialis,  Walker. 

vermiculata,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Callalucia  vermiculata,  Grote. 
Colorado  Territory. 

Hopfferij  Grote  and  Robinson. 
California ;  Oregon. 

latipennis  {Boisduval).  

California. 

Tribe,  Immaculatae  {H'ubner). 

ACOLOITHUS,  Clemens  (1860). 

Type  :  Acoloitlius  falsarius,  Clemens. 
falsarius,  Clemens. 

Earrisina  Sanborni,  Packard. 
Pennsylvania  ;  New  York  ;  Illinois. 

HARRISINA,  Packard  (1864). 

Type:  Procris  Americana,  Harris. 
Americana,  Packard. 

Procris  Americana,  Harris. 
Massacliusetts ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 


35 

Tcxana,  Sttrtch.  

Texas. 

coniciiia,  Packard. 

Aglaope  coracina,  Clemens. 
Texas. 

TRirKOCRIS,'*  Orote (1873). 

Type:  Procris?  Smitlisonianus,  Clemens. 

Siuiilisoiiianns. 

Procriv  ?  Smitlisonianus,  Clemens. 
Texas. 

Tribe,  Pyromorpiiina  {Ilerrirh-Schncffcr). 
PYROMORPHA,  Herricli-Schaeffer  (1850). 

Type  :  Pyromorplia  dimidiata,  H.-S. 

d  i 111  i (I  i n  t  a ;  Herrieh-Schaeffer. 

Multhaca  perlucidula,  Clemens. 
?  LycomorpJia  centralis,  Walker. 

New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Illinois. 

Tribe,  Lycomorphini,  Grate. 

LYCOMORPHA,  Harris  (1839). 

Type  :  Sphinx  Pliolus,  Drury. 

PholuS)  Harris. 

Sphinx  Pholus,  Drury. 
Canada  ;  Maine  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

iniiiiata)  Packard.  

Southern  California. 

Paliuerii,  Packard.  

Arizona. 

5  The  diagnosis  of  this  ireiuis  is  given  t)y  T)r.  Clemens,  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  ot 
Natural  Science  of  Philadelphia  for  1860,  page  540,  under  the  name  "  Procris  f.'^ 


36 


ANATOLMIS,  Packard  (1864). 

Type  :  Anatolmis  Qrotei,  Packard. 

Grotei,  Packard. 
Colorado  Territory. 


Subnimily  CYDOSIINAE,  Grote. 

Tribe,  Cydosiini,  Orote. 

CYDOSIA,  Westwood. 

Type  :   Phalaena  nobilitella,  Cramer. 

aurivittaj  Orote  and  Robinson. 
Texas. 

imitella,®  Stretch. 
Texas. 

6  On  a  comparison  with  Cuban  and  South  American  specimens  of  C.  nobilitella,  the  Texan 
species  is  seen  to  be  distinct,  as  suggested  by  Mr.  Stretch  in  his  coiiscientions  work  on  the 
Bombycidae  and  Zygaenidae,  page  163.  It  is,  however,  not  unlikely  that  the  two  names  here 
cited  refer  to  a  single  species. 


37 


IV.   Conclusions  drawn  from  a  study  of  the  Genera 

Hypena  and  Herminia 

BY   AUG.    R.   GROTE. 

I  HAVE  recently  identified  M.  Guenee's  descriptions  of  North 
American  Deltoids  in  a  series  of  Papers  contained  in  the  Fourth 
Volume  of  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society. 
To  the  third  Paper  I  have  given  a  list  of  our  species.  I  have  en- 
deavored to  separate  as  accurately  as  my  ability,  and  the  material  as 
yet  placed  at  my  disposal,  would  allow  me,  a  number  of  species 
which  might  be  loosely  classed  under  Schrank's  genus  Hj-pena. 

I  have  considered  Hypena  as  restricted  by  Hiibner  in  1816. 
Hiibner  cites  under  this  name  the  European  species,  Palpalis,  Deci- 
malis,  Ohsitalis,  and  Rostralis.  The  genus  thus  corresponds  with 
Lederer's  second  Group  of  Hypena,  and  is  typically  represented  in 
our  Fauna  by  Hypena  Humuli,  Harris.  In  this  species  the  com- 
pressedly  elongated  labial  palpi  extend  much  beyond  the  head,  and 
are  as  long,  or  nearly  as  long  as  the  thorax ;  the  third  joint  is  con- 
tinuous and  shortly  scaled.  The  primary  wings  are  narrow  and 
crambiform,  without  a  lappet  at  internal  angle.  Our  species  are 
HYPEifA  EVANiDALis,  RoUiisou,  and  Hypena  Humuli,  Harris, 
from  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States,  and  Hypena  citata,  Grote, 
from  Alabama. 

I  would  follow  this  genus  by  our  common  species  from  the  At- 
lantic District,  the  Hyhlaea  scahra  of  Fabricius,  in  which  the  still 
narrow  wings  swell  suddenly  at  outer  third,  and  are  developed  at 
internal  angle  somewhat  as  in  Pseudothyatira,  Plusia  or  even  Con- 
chylis,  and  have  a  sinuate  internal  margin.  The  third  joint  of  the 
palpi  is  neither  so  shortly  scaled,  so  continuous,  nor  so  long  as  in 
Hypena.  An  exceedingly  valuable  communication  made  to  me  by 
Mr.  Lintner  discovers  the  fact  that  M.  Guenee's  Hypena  erectaJis 
is  the  female  form  of  this  species.    There  is  then  a  sexual  character 


38 

in  the  breadth  of  the  hind  wings,  which  are  dis2:>roportionately  am- 
ple in  the  male.  I  propose  for  the  species  the  name  Plathypena' 
SCABRA.  Lederer  agrees  with  Hiibner  in  a  generic  separation  of  the 
European  crassalis,  under  the  name  Bomolocha.  In  this  genus  the 
costal  edge  is  arcuate  or  even,  much  as  in  Plathypena,  but  the  inter- 
nal margin  of  the  primaries  is  straight.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr^ 
Lintner,  Mr.  Meske  sends  me  a  specimen  taken  near  Albany,  which 
seems  to  be  the  European  crassalis,  and  differs  from  BaUimoralis  in 
the  absence  of  the  peculiar  neck-like  constriction  of  the  median 
sj^ace  inferiorly.  Our  congeneric  species  are:  Bomolocha  Balti- 
MORALis  (Guenee),  Bomolocha  abalieitalis  (Walker),  Bomolocha 
MAJ^ALis  (Walker),  Bomolocha  bijugalis  (Walker),  and  Bomolo- 
cha madefactalis  (Guenee).  Differing  from  this  genus  by  the 
sinuate  or  depressed  costal  margin  of  the  primaries,  which  are 
acute  at  the  apices  and  produced  on  external  margin  opposite  the 
middle,  as  well  as  by  the  more  ample  concolorous  wings,  woolly 
body  scales  and  stouter  build,  we  have  two  species  from  the  Atlantic 
District  which  I  separate  from  the  foregoing  under  the  name  Mac- 
RHYPENA.*  The  type  is  Hypena  deceptalis,  Walker.  Our  species 
are  Macrhypexa  deceptalis,  and  Macrhypena  profecta  (Grote). 
We  may  follow  these  by  Lomanaltes  laetulus,  Grote,  which  dif- 
fers by  the  oblique  external  margin  of  the  primaries  and  essentially 
in  their  shape. 

Two  species  from  the  Atlantic  District  are  conspicuous  by  their 
even  shape  and  dead  black  color,  hardly  relieved  by  pale  scale  marks. 
All  the  angles  of  the  primaries  are  softened ;  the  wings  are  shorter 
and  broader ;  the  eyes  larger ;  the  whole  appearance  more  noctui- 
form.  I  have  described  these  under  Hypena.  They  appear  to  me 
most  nearly  related  to  Bomolocha,  but  the  palpi  are  very  short. 
They  may  be  known  as  Euhypena^  TOREUTA(Grote),  and  Euhypena 
SORDIDULA  (Grote). 

Latrielle  seems  at  first  to  have  used  his  term  Ilerminia  in  a  syn- 
onymous sense  with  Hypena,  or  indeed  as  embracing  the  Avhole 
Group  of  Deltoids.  Treitschke  limits  it  to  a  number  of  European 
species  among  which  is  the  European  Fyralis  tentacularis,  Lin- 
naeus.   Hiibner    and    Stephens  have   accepted  many  genera  for 

'Qr.:  7r^(i-('r  et  Hypena.        '^Qr.:  fihhpdc  et  Hypena.        ^Or.:  "Ev  et  Hypena. 


39 

Treitschke's  species  of  Herminia.  It  seems  to  me  we  may  do  jus- 
tice to  all  their  observations  and  restrict  Herminia  to  a  genus  of 
which  Herminia  tentacularis  would  be  the  type.  Schrank's  term, 
Polypogon,  it  must  be  remembered,  is  preoccupied  and  must  be  aban- 
doned. Hiibner's  term,  Paracolax,  is  restricted  by  Stephens  to  the 
European  derivalis,  nemoralis  and  tarsicrinalis.  Stephens'  restric- 
tion of  Macrocliilo,  Hubner,  to  the  European  crihralis,  should  appar- 
ently be  followed.  For  our  species,  that  appear  to  me  congeneric 
with  the  European  included  by  Lederer  in  his  Group  A  of  Zanclog- 
natha,  I  use  this  term.  There  is  an  agreement  in  the  curvature  of  the 
second  palpal  joint,  the  fore  tibiae  are  provided  with  a  fan-shaped 
brush  capable  of  expansion,  the  species  are  rather  heavy  and  the  pri- 
maries seem  narrow  with  straighter  external  margin  than  usual.  Our 
North  American  species  are  Zanclognatha  laevigata  (Grote), 
ZANCLOGisrATHA  CRURALis  (Guenee),  Zanclognatha  marcidil- 
INEA  (Grote),  Za]S"CLOGN"Atha  obscuripennis  (Grote),  and  Zax- 
CLOGNATHA  ocHREiPENNis  (Grote).  For  Guenee's  Herminia  mor- 
bidalis,  I  propose  the  term  Chytolita,''  Chytolita  morbidalis 
(Guenee),  difiFers  from  Zancloguatha  in  the  straight  second  palpal 
joint,  and  from  Pechipogon  in  the  shape  of  the  wings  and  neura- 
tion  as  indicated  by  Guenee.  It  was  a  common  species  about  Phil- 
adelphia and  has  been  reported  to  me  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Lintner  as  taken 
near  Albany.  It  is  easily  recognized  by  the  guttate  subterminal 
line. 

Eather  resembling  Chytolita  in  general  appearance,  but  in  reality 
nearer  to  Zancloguatha  in  the  shape  of  the  second  palpal  joint,  is 
Herminia  2)edipilkd is  Guenee,  for  which  I  propose  the  generic  term 
PiTYOLiTA."  As  to  how  far  this  may  be  found  to  agree  with  any  of 
the  European  species  contained  in  Lederer's  second  Group  of  Zan- 
cloguatha, I  am  not  clear,  but  in  the  incomplete  brush  on  tlie  fore 
tibiae,  the  frailer  form  and  broader  wings,  it  is  easily  separated  from 
our  species  that  I  have  arranged  under  Lederer's  genus.  There 
remains  but  to  be  noticed  two  species  already  described  by  myself 
under  the  name  Philometra,  and  which,  in  some  respects,  have  a 
resemblance  to  the  European  Hermiuia  tentacularis.  These  two 
species  just  alluded  to  as  under  Philometra,  agree  remarkably  in 

^Gr.:     x'^'^^  6t  /.iToc.  *Qr.:     mrvu  et  lirog. 


40 

most  of  tlie  structural  cliaracters  I  liave  been  able  to  discover,  but 
diflfer  iii  the  comparative  length  of  the  pectinations  of  the  antennae. 
The  species  are  Philometra  longilabris,  Grote,  and  Philometra 
SERRATicoRNis,  Gfote.  I  designate  the  former  as  the  type  of  the 
genus.  At  the  moment  I  prefer  to  separate  the  genera  I  have  here 
discussed  on  other  than  antennal  peculiarities. 

I  have  received  from  Mr.  Lintner  some  very  curious  examples 
of  Zanclognatha  laevigata,  showing  the  excessive  variability  of  this 
species.  Sometimes  the  median  space  is  dark,  bronzed  or  purpled, 
sometimes  clear  when  the  base  of  the  wing  and  the  hind  region  are 
obscurely  tinted.  I  have  indicated  the  existence  of  these  variational 
tendencies  in  my  original  description  of  the  species  which  was  made 
from  large  material. 


41 


V.    Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Fungi 

15Y    CIIAS.    II.    PECK. 
[liead  before  this  Society  June  Gth,  1873.J 

HYMENOMYCETES. 

Agaricns  (Amanita)  rnssuloides;  Peck. 

Pileus  at  first  o%'ate,  then  expanded  or  convex,  rougli  witli  a  few  superficial 
warts  or  entirely  smooth,  viscid  when  moist,  widely  striate-tuberculate  on  the 
margin,  pale  yellow  or  straw  color  ;  lamellae  close,  free,  narrowed  toward  the 
stem,  white  ;  stem  firm,  smooth,  stuffed,  annulate,  equal  or  slightly  tapering 
upward,  bulbous  ;  annulus  thin,  soon  vanishing;  volva  fragile,  subappressed  ; 
spores  broadly  elliptical,  .0004*  long,  .0003'  broad. 

Plant  3'-3'  high,  pileus  1.5-3'  broad,  stem  3"f-5"  thick. 

Grassy  ground  in  open  woods.  Greenbusli,  June.  This  species 
is  remarktible  for  the  thin  striate-tuberculate  margin  of  the  pileus 
Avhicli  causes  it  to  resemble  some  species  of  Kussula. 

Agaricus  (Lepiota)  fuscosquameusj  Peck. 

Pileus  hemispherical  or  convex,  rough  with  numerous  erect  pointed  black- 
ish-brown scales  ;  lamellae  close,  white,  free ;  stem  equal,  thickened  at  the 
base,  hollow  or  stuffed  with  a  cottony  pith,  floccose,  brown  ;  spores  .0003'  x 
.00014'. 

Plant  3'-3'  high,  pileus  1.5'-3'  broad,  stem  3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.    September. 

Agaricus  (Lepiota)  oblitus,  Perk. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  subumbonate,  smooth  or  ol)scurely  squaraose 
from  the  breaking  up  of  the  veil,  viscid,  alutaceous  inclining  to  tawny,  the 
umbo  generally  darker ;  lamellae  crowded,  free,  whitish  or  yellowish,  some  of 

*0ne  accent  (')  =  inch  or  inches.  tTwo  accents  (")  =  line  or  lines. 

BUL.  BUF.  80C.   NaT.   SCI.  (6)  JULY,   1873. 


42 

them  forked ;  stem  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  floccose,  viscid,  smooth 
at  the  top,  hollow  or  containing  a  cottony  pith ;  annulus  obsolete  ;  spores 
.00016'  X  .00013'. 

Plant  3'-3'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  3"  thick. 

Ground  in  frondose  Avoods.     Lowville.     Septembei'. 

Agaricus  (Armillaria)  pouderosns,  Peck. 

Pileus  thick,  compact,  convex  or  subcampanulate,  smooth,  white  or  yellow- 
ish, the  naked  margin  strongly  involute  beneath  the  slightly  viscid  persistent 
veil ;  lamellae  crowded,  narrow,  slightly  emarginate,  white  inclining  to  cream 
color ;  stem  stout,  subequal,  firm,  solid,  coated  by  the  veil,  colored  like  the 
pileus,  white  and  furfuraceus  above  the  annulus  ;  flesh  white ;  spores  nearly 
globose,  .00016'  in  diameter. 

Plant  4'-6'  high,  pileus  4'-6'  broad,  stem  about  1'  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Copake.     October. 

The  veil  for  a  long  time  conceals  the  lamellae  and  finally  becomes 
lacerated  and  adheres  in  shreds  or  fragments  to  the  stem  and  margin 
of  the  pileus. 

Agaricus  (Triclioloma)  ruljicuntlus.  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  then  expanded  or  centrally  depressed,  viscid,  slightly  tomen- 
tose  on  the  margin  when  young,  smooth,  or  sometimes  with  a  few  scales  either 
on  the  disk  or  on  the  margin,  red ;  lamellae  close,  white,  becoming  spotted 
with  red,  some  of  them  forked ;  stem  firm,  equal,  solid,  slightly  pruinose, 
white,  often  stained  with  red  ;  spores  .00038'  x  .00016'. 

Plant  3'-5'  high,  pileus  8'-5'  broad,  stem  6"-8"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     New  Scotland.     October. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  flayescens,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  convex,  often  irregular,  dry,  smooth,  sometimes  cracking  on  the 
disk  into  minute  scales,  white  or  pale  yellow,  minutely  tomentose  on  the 
margin  when  young  ;  lamellae  close,  floccose  on  the  edge,  white  or  pale  yellow ; 
Btem  firm,  solid,  often  unequal,  central  or  eccentric,  colored  like  the  pileus ; 
spores  subglobose,  .0003'  in  diameter. 

Plant  caespitose,  2'-3'  high,  pileus  3'-3'  broad,  stem  4"-6"  thick. 

Old  pine  stumps.     Bethlehem  and  North  Greenbush.     October. 

Agaricus  (Triclioloma)  decorosus,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  at  first  hemispherical,  then  convex  or  expanded,  coated  with 
numerous  brownish  subsquarrose  tomentose  scales,  dull  ochraceous  or  tawny  ; 
lamellae  close,  rounded  and  slightly  emarginate  at  the  inner  extremity,  the 


4;^ 

edge  Bubcrcnulate  ;  stem  solid,  equal  or  sliyhtly  tapering  upward,  white  and 
smooth  at  the  top,  elsewhere  tomentose,  scaly  and  colored  like  the  pileus ; 
spores  broadly  elliptical,  .0002'  x  .00015'. 
Plant  subcaespitose,  3'-4'  high,  pileus  l'-3'  broad,  stem  2"-4"  thick. 

Rotteu  logs  ill  woods.  Cutskill  Mountains  and  Rock  City.  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

Ajjaricus  (Triclioloma)  multiiuiuctus,  Peck. 

Pileus  brittle,  broadly  convex,  sometimes  centrally  depressed  or  subumbili- 
cate,  densely  dotted  with  minute  brown  or  blackish  scales,  yellowish-brown, 
the  disk  often  darker  ;  lamellae  close,  slightly  emarginate,  yellow,  sometimes 
with  a  darker  edge  ;  stem  subequal,  squamulose-punctate,  hollow,  colored  like 
the  pileus  ;  spores  suborbicular,  .OOOIG'  in  diameter. 

Plant  subcaespitose,  l'-2'  high,  pileus  l'-2'  broad,  stem  2'-4"  thick. 

Rotten  logs  in  woods.  Sandlake  and  Adirondack  Mountains. 
July  and  August. 

This  species  is  related  to  Ag.  rutilans, 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  lacuiiosus,  Peck. 

Pileus   convex  or   expanded,  dry,  lacunose,  densely  furfuraceous,   bright 

golden  yellow  ;  lamellae  subdistaut,  white,  the  interspaces  sometimes  veiny  ; 

stem  firm,  solid,  equal  or  slightly  tapering  downwards,  scaly  or  furfuraceous, 

colored  like  the  pileus. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  1'  broad,  stem  1"  thicks- 
Fallen  branches  and  decaying  wood.     Savannah.     August. 
The  colors  are  Avell  retained  in  the  dried  specimens.    The  lacunae 

of  the  pileus  give  it  a  somewhat  reticulated  appearance. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  laterarius,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  sometimes  slightly  depressed  in  the  center, 
pruinose,  whitish,  the  disk  often  tinged  with  red  or  brown,  the  thin  margin 
marked  with  slight  subdistant  short  radiating  ridges ;  lamellae  narrow, 
crowded,  white,  prolonged  in  little  decurrent  lines  on  the  stem ;  stem  nearly 
equal,  solid,  white ;  spores  globose,  .00018'  in  diameter. 

Plant  3'-4'  high,  pileus  2'-4'  broad,  stem  3"-5"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Worcester.     July. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  Limonium,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  sniootli,  ycllowi.sh  ;  lamellae  crowded,  narrow,  not  forming 
decurrent  lines  on  the  stem,  lemon-yellow  ;  stem  tapering  dowiiwanis,  smooth, 
striate,  rooting. 

IMant  ;j'-4'  high,  pileus  2-3'  broad,  stem  3"-l'  thick. 


44 

Ground  iu  woods.  Worcester  and  Croghan.  July  and  Septem- 
ber. 

The  lemon  color  of  the  lamellae  and  the  root-like  prolongation  of 
the  stem  characterize  this  species. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  Tirescens,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  sometimes  depressed  centrally,  moist,  smooth, 
dingy-green,  the  margin  sometimes  wavy  or  lobed  ;  lamellae  close,  gradually 
narrowed  toward  the  outer  extremity,  rounded  or  slightly  emarginate  at  the 
inner,  white  ;  stem  subequal,  stuffed  or  hollow,  thick  but  brittle,  whitish, 
sometimes  tinged  with  green ;  spores  broadly  elliptical,  .0002'  x  .00015'. 

Plant  3'-5'  high,  pileus  3'-5'  broad,  stem  6"-12"  thick. 

Mossy  ground  in  open  woods.     North  Elba.    July. 

Agraricus  (Tricholoma)  fumidellus,  Peck. 

Pileus  subumbonate,  smooth,  moist,  dingy-white  or  clay  colored,  clouded 
with  brown  ;  lamellae  close,  subventricose,  whitish  ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  solid, 
whitish;  spores,  .00018'  x  .00015'. 

Plant  3'-3'  high,  pileus  l'-3'  broad,  stem  3"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     New  Scotland.     October. 
The  disk  is  generally  darker  than  the  margin.     TJie  pileus  be- 
comes paler  in  drying.     The  stem  splits  easily. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  fallax,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  convex  or  expanded,  rarely  depressed  in  the  center,  moist, 
smooth,  dull  saffron  color ;  lamellae  crowded,  narrow,  tapering  toward  the 
outer  extremity,  rounded  at  the  inner,  yellow;  stem  short,  smooth,  stuffed  or 
hollow,  usually  tapering  toward  the  base,  colored  like  the  pileus ;  spores  mi- 
nute, Bubelliptical,  .00012'  long. 

Plant  gregarious,  l'-1.5'  high,  pileus  6"-15"  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Ground  under  spruce  and  balsam  trees.    North  Elba.    July. 

Agaricus  (Tricholoma)  thujinus,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  centrally  depressed,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  pale  alutace- 
ous,  the  margin  generally  irregular,  wavy  or  lobed  ;  lamellae  crowded,  thin, 
abruptly  emarginate,  alutaceous  ;  stem  slightly  thickened  at  the  top,  smooth, 
hollow,  concolorous,  whitish-villous  at  the  base. 

Plant  2'  high,  pileus  2'  broad,  stem  2"-3"  thick. 

Swampy  ground  under  Thvja  occidcntaJis.     Memphis.     August. 


45 

Acrrti'U'ns  (Tricholomiv)  Ilclx'Ioinn;  Peck. 

Pileus  broadly  conical  or  subcampanulate,  obtiiso,  thin,  ]iygro])liannuH, 
striatulato  brown  and  dark  on  the  disk  when  moist,  grayish  when  dry  ;  himcllac 
broad,  rounded  behind  and  deeply  emargiuate,  yellowish  ;  stem  equal,  hollow, 
smooth,  pallid ;  spores  .00028'  x  .00016'. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  6"  broad,  stem  scarcely  1"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Worcester.     July. 

This  plant  closely  resembles  some  species  of  the  subgenus  Heb- 
eloma,  but  the  color  of  its  spores  forbid  its  reference  to  that  sub- 
genus. 

Agaricus  (Clitoej  be)  coniiexus.  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  subumbonate,  clothed  with  a  minute  appressed  silkiness,  white, 
the  margin  sometimes  faintly  tinged  with  blue;  lamellae  crowded,  narrow, 
white  inclining  to  yellowish  ;  stem  equal  or  tapering  downwards,  solid,  whitish. 

Plant  3'-3'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  2"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

The  lamellae  are  not  strongly  decurrent  and  sometimes  terminate 
abruptly,  hence  it  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  a  Tricholoma.  The 
margin  of  the  pileus  is  sometimes  marked  with  slight  ridges  as  in 
Ay.  latcrarius.    The  odor  is  weak  but  aromatic  and  agreeable. 

Agaricns  (Clltocybe)  albissinius,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  dry,  smooth,  soft,  pure  white  ;  lamellae  crowded, 
short-decurrent,  white,  some  of  them  forked  at  the  base  ;  stem  equal,  smooth, 
solid,  white. 

Plant  growing  in  rings,  2'-3'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  2"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

The  pure  white  color  and  soft  texture  is  retained  in  the  dried 
specimens. 

Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  maenlosns,  Peck. 

Pileus  centrally  depressed,  smooth,  marked  with  numerous  watery  s}>ots 
when  moist,  having  slight  short  radiating  ridges  on  the  margin;  lamellae 
crowded,  narrow,  long-decurreut,  pallid  or  yellowish,  some  of  them  forked  ; 
stem  slightly  thickened  at  the  base,  smooth,  stuffed  or  hollow,  colored  like  the 
pileus. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  1.5'-2'  broad,  stem  2"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

The  spots  of  the  pileus  resemble  those  of  Aff.  warmorctis.  They 
generally  disappear  as  the  plant  Itocomes  dry. 


46 

Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  Truucicola,  Peck. 

Pileus  tliin,  firm,  expanded  or  centrally  depressed,  smooth,  dry,  wliite ; 
lamellae  narrow,  thin,  crowded,  adnate-decurrent ;  stem  equal,  stuffed,  smooth, 
often  eccentric  and  curved,  whitish. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  1'  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Trunks  of  froudose  trees,  especially  maples.  Croghan.  Sep- 
tember, 

Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  subzonalis^  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  centrally  depressed  or  subinfundibuliform,  marked  with  two 
or  three  obscure  zones,  with  a  slight  appressed  silkiness,  pale  yellow  ;  lamellae 
close,  narrow,  equally  decurrent,  some  of  them  forked,  pallid  or  yellowish ; 
stem  equal,  slightly  fibrillose,  stuffed,  pale  yellow. 

Plant  2'  high,  pileus  3'-3'  broad,  stem  3"-4"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

Agaricus  (Clitocybe)  Gerardiaiius,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  funnel-form,  hygrophanous,  striatulate  when  moist,  brown, 
rough  with  scattered  blackish  points ;  lamellae  decurrent,  close,  a  little  paler 
than  the  pileus,  some  of  them  forked ;  stem  rather  long,  flexuous,  smooth, 
stuffed,  concolorous,  white  at  the  base. 

Plant  2-3'  high,  pileus  8"-12"  broad,  stem  .5"-!"  thick. 

Sphagnous  marshes.     Saudlake  and  New  Paltz.     June. 

Agaricus  (Collybia)  coloreusj  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  subumblicate,  slightly  fibrillose,  hygrophanous,  yellow, 
sometimes  tinged  with  red,  the  margin  exceeding  the  lamellae  ;  lamellae  mod- 
erately close,  emarginate,  yellow ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  hollow,  sometimes 
eccentric,  yellow. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  8"-12"  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Decajdng  wood.     Croghan.     September. 

Agaricus  (Collybia)  succosus,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  convex  or  campanulate,  minutely  tomentose,  cinereous  or  brown- 
ish-gray, the  margin  generally  exceeding  the  lamellae ;  lamellae  thin,  close, 
emarginate  and  slightly  decurrent-toothed,  tapering  toward  the  outer  ex- 
tremity, whitish  ;  stem  firm,  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  minutely 
tomentose,  containing  a  whitish  pith  ;  spores  minute,  subgloboae,  .00015'  in 
diameter ;  llesh  subcartilaginous,  abounding  in  a  thin  watery  or  serum-like 
juice,  changing  to  purplish  or  black  when  cut. 

Plant  l'-3'  high,  pilous  6"-12"  broad,  stem  1'  thick. 


47 

Decaying  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  in  woods.  Portville  and 
Croglian.     September. 

This  is  a  very  remarkable  and  somewhat  aberrant  species.  In 
color  it  resembles  dark  forms  of  Heydmim  gelatinosum.  The  stem 
is  sometimes  eccentric.  The  jnice  exudes  from  wounds  as  in  species 
of  Ladarius. 

Agaricus  (Collybia)  mj  riadophj  llus,  Peck. 

Pileus  very  thin,  })roadly  convex,  then  expanded,  sometimes  umhilicate, 
hygroyhanoua,  watery-brown  when  moist,  pale  ochraceous  or  alutaceous  when 
dry  ;  lamellae  very  numerous,  crowded,  narrow,  rounded  at  the  stem  and 
slightly  emarginate,  brownish-lilac ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  stuffed,  reddish-brown  ; 
spores  subelliptical,  minute,  .00012'  long. 

Plant  subcaespitose,  1-1.5'  high,  pileus  8"-12"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Decaying  wood  and  fallen  branches  in  woods.     Portville.     Sep- 
tember. 
The  color  of  the  lamellae  is  remarkable. 

Ai^aricus  (Mycena)  suljcaeruleus,  Peck. 

Pileus  very  thin,  convex  or  campanulate,  obtuse,  smooth,  striate,  pale  bluish- 
green  ;  lamellae  narrow,  close,  tapering  outwardly,  white  ;  stem  slender,  equal, 
pinkish-white,  slightly  pruinose ;  spores  subglobose,  .00025'  in  diameter. 

Plant  caespitose,  2'  high,  pileus  4"-8"  broad. 

Trunks  of  beech  trees  in  woods.     Adirondack  Mountains.    July. 
The  disk  is  more  highly  colored  than  the  margin  and  the  pileus 
has  a  separable  cuticle. 

Agaricus  (Mycena)  minutnlns,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  campanulate,  smooth,  striatulate,  papillate  ;  lamellae  broad, 
subdistant,  with  a  slight  decurrent  tooth  ;  interspaces  reticulated  by  transverse 
veinlets  which  descend  on  the  lamellae ;  stem  short,  slender,  firm,  smooth  or 
sprinkled  with  minute  mealy  particles. 

Plant  gregarious,  white  throughout,  8"-12"  high,  pileus  2"-4"  broad. 

Bark  of  prostrate  trunks  iu  woods.     Portville.    September. 

Agaricus  (Mycena)  roscocaudidiis^  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  broadly  campanulate,  subpapillate,  striate  nearly  to  the 
apex,  white  or  rosy-red  ;  lamellae  close,  uncinate,  colored  like  the  pileus ;  stem 
slender,  smooth,  white. 

Plant  2   high,  pileus  4"-G  '  broad. 


48 

Among  mosses  in  woods.     Adirondack  Mountains.     July. 

Usually  the  whole  plant  is  pure  white,  but  sometimes  the  pileus 
has  a  delicate  rosy  hue  except  on  the  apex  and  the  margin.  The 
striations  of  the  pileus  remain  in  the  dried  specimens.  The  papilla 
is  sometimes  very  prominent,  sometimes  wanting. 

Agaricus  (Myceua)  miratuS;  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  campanulate,  umbilicate,  sraootli,  striate,  cinereous ;  lamellae 
narrow,  slightly  uncinate,  whitish;  stem  long,  filiform,  smooth,  whitish, 
radicating,  villous  at  the  base. 

Plant  1.5'-3'  high,  pileus  o"-4"  broad. 

Among  fallen  leaves  in  copses.     Center.     October. 
This  species  may  be  known  by  the  umbilicate  pileus  and  the  long 
striae  which  extend  to  the  umbilicus. 

Agaricus  (Omplialia)  olivariusj  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  umbilicate,  smooth,  yellowish-olive  ;  lamellae  arcuate,  decur- 
rent,  subdistant,  pale  yellow ;  stem  equal,  short,  smooth,  hollow,  colored  like 
the  pileus;  spores  subglobose  or  broadly  elliptical,  .00026'  long. 

Plant  1-1.5'  high,  pileus  1'  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Burnt  ground  under  balsam  trees.    North  Elba.     July. 

Agaricus  (Omplialia)  rugosodiscusj  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  convex,  then  expanded,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  striatulate  when 
moist,  brown,  rugose-wrinkled  on  the  disk,  the  thin  margin  often  wavy  ;  lam- 
ellae narrow,  close,  arcuate,  decurrent,  white;  stem  equal,  short,  smooth, 
hollow,  often  curved,  whitish. 

Plant  l'-1.5'  high,  pileus  6"-12"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Decaying  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  in  woods.  Croghan  and  Wor- 
cester.   July  and  September. 

Agaricus  (Pluteus)  slerilomarginatusj  Peck. 

Pileus  broadly  convex  or  expanded,  with  a  slight  appressed  tomentum, 
white  faintly  tinged  with  pink,  the  thin  margin  exceeding  the  lamellae ; 
lamellae  close,  subventricose,  free,  minutely  eroded  on  the  edge,  pale  flesh 
color;  stem  short,  equal,  solid,  smooth,  whitish  ;  spores  subglobose,  angular, 
with  a  central  nucleus,  .00025'  in  diameter. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  6"-13"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Decaying  woods  and  sticks  in  woods.  Portville.  Sci)tember. 
The  pileus  is  sometimes  cracked  and  then  has  the  appearance  of 
being  coated  with  a  thin  scaly  paste. 


49 

Agraricus  (Plutous)  granularis,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  subumbonate,  rugose-wrinkled,  Bprinklod  with 
minute  blackish  granules,  varying  in  color  from  yellow  to  brown;  lamellae 
rather  broad,  close,  veutricose,  free,  whitish,  then  flesh-colored;  stem  equal, 
Bolid,  pallid  or  brown,  usually  paler  at  the  top,  velvety,  with  a  short  close 
plush ;  spores  subglobose,  about  .0003'  in  diameter. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  l'-3'  broad,  stem  l''-3"  thick. 

Old  logs  in  woods.     Pine  Hill  and  Worcester.    July. 
The  granules  form  a  sort  of  plnsli  which  is  more  dense  on  flie 
disk  of  the  pileus  and  its  wrinkles  than  on  the  margin. 

Agaricus  (Entoloma)  cyaneus,  Peclc. 

Pileus  convex,  dry,  minutely  scaly,  brown  or  brownlsh-violaceus  ;  lamelhio 
whitish,  then  tinged  with  flesh  color  ;  stem  subequal,  hollow,  scaly  and  viola- 
ceous toward  the  top  ;  spores  angular,  .00033'  x  00025'. 

Plant  2'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Decaying  wood  and  old  mossy  trunks  in  woods.  Pine  Hill  and 
Worcester.    June  and  July. 

Agaricus  (Leptouia)  folioinarg'inatus,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  umbilicate,  scabrous  on  tlie  disk,  bluish-brown,  the  disk  a 
little  darker;  lamellae  broad,  subdistant,  plane,  whitish,  then  flesh-colored, 
the  edge  entire  and  colored  like  the  pileus  ;  stem  smooth,  equal,  solid  below, 
with  a  small  cavity  above,  concolorous. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Ground  and  decaying  wood  in  groves.     Maryland.    July. 

Agaricus  (Nolanea)  fuscofolius.  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  conical  or  campanulate,  papillate,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  dark 
brown  and  striatulate  when  moist,  grayish-brown  and  shining  when  dry ; 
lamellae  ascending,  narrowed  toward  each  end,  brown  ;  stem  equal,  stutFod, 
smooth,  concolorous,  with  a  white  mycelium  at  the  base  ;  spores  irregular, 
nucleate,  .00033'  x  .00025'. 

Plant  1'  liigh,  pileus  3"-6"  broad,  stem  5"  thick. 
In  woods  on  old  logs.     Maryland.     July. 

Agaricus  (Pholiota)  albocrenulatus,  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex  or  campanulate,  subumbonate,  viscid,  rough  with 
dark-brown  or  blackish  floccose  scales,  yellowish-brown  ;  lamellae  broad,  sub- 
distant,  emarginate,  white  crenulate  on  the  edge,  grayish,  then  ferruginous ; 

uri,.   BUK.   SOC.    NAT.   SCI.  (7)  .IfLT,   1873. 


50 

stem  firm,  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  stuffed  or  hollow,  equamose  and 
pallid  below  the  evanescent  ring,  white  and  slightly  f  urf uraceous  above  ; 
spores  subelliptical,  .00045'  x  .00025'. 

Plant  3'-5'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  3"-5"  thick. 

Mossy  base  of  maple  trees  in  woods.  Adirondack  JMonntains. 
Jnly  and  August. 

Under  a  lens  the  lamellae  appear  to  be  beaded  on  the  edge  with 
minute  milky  globules. 

Agaricns  (Plioliota)  Acericola, 'PecA;. 

Pileus  broadly  convex,  glabrous,  rugose-reticulated  or  corrugated,  hygto- 
phanous,  yellow ;  lamellae  close,  emarginate,  grayish,  then  ferruginous- 
brown  ;  stem  equal  or  thickened  at  the  base,  hollow,  fibrillose-striate,  white ; 
annulus  large ;  spores  elliptical,  .00035'  x  .00025'. 

Plant  3'-4'  high,  pileus  3'-3'  broad,  stem  3"-5"  thick.      ' 

Mossy  trunks  of  maple  trees  in  woods.    North  Elba.    August. 

Agaricus  (Pholiota)  discolor,  Pech. 

Pileus  thin,  convex,  then  expanded  or  slightly  depressed,  smooth,  viscid 
hygrophanous,  watery-cinnamon  and  striatulate  on  the  margin  when  moist, 
bright  ochraceous  yellow  when  dry  ;  lamellae  close,  narrow,  pallid,  then  pale 
ferruginous  ;  stem  equal,  hollow,  fibrillose-striate,  pallid  ;  annulus  distinct, 
persistent ;   spores  elliptical,  .00028'  x  .0002'. 

Plant  subcaespitose,  2'-3'  high,  pileus  8 "-16"  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Old  logs  in  woods.     Greig.     September. 

The  change  in  color  when  passing  from  the  moist  to  the  dry  state 
is  very  marked. 

Agaricus  (Pholiota)  cerasiims,  Peck. 

Pileus  broadly  convex,  smooth,  hygrophanus,  watery-cinnamon  when  moist; 
yellow  when  dry ;  lamellae  close,  emarginate,  yellow,  then  cinnamon  color ; 
stem  solid,  equal,  often  curved,  furfuraceous  at  the  top  ;  annulus  slight,  fuga- 
cious ;  flesh  yellow  ;  spores  elliptical,  rough,  .0003'  x  .0002'. 

Plant  caespitose,  2'-4'  high,  pileus  2'-4'  broad,  stem  2'-4'  thick. 

Old  prostrate  trunks  of  trees  in  woods.     Sterling.    August. 
When  fresh  it  has  a  strong  cherry-like  or  amygdalinc  odor. 

Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  pallidomarginatus,  Peck. 

Pileus  brittle,  broadly  convex,  sometimes  irregular,  smooth,  hygrophanous, 
brown  with  a  pale  margin  when  moist,  ochraceous  and  subatomaceous  when 
dry  ;  lamellae  close,  thin,  rounded  and  slightly  emarginate  at  the  stem,  taper- 


51 

ing  outwardly,  ocliraceouB-brown  ;  Btem  usually  long  andfloxuous;  equal  or 
tapering  upward,  hollow,  a  little  paler  than  the  pilcua,  white-lloccoso  at  the 
base  ;  spores  subolliptical,  .0004'  x  .0003'. 
Plant  gregarious  l'-3'  high,  pileus  6"-12"  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Ground  in  swamps  and  wet  places.     Suudlake.     September. 

Afjaricus  (Hebeloma)  stcllatosporus,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  dry,  rough  with  numerous  squarrose  or  erect  scales,  brown  ; 
lamellae  pallid  becoming  brown ;  stem  equal,  scaly,  concolorous ;  spores 
subglobose,  rough  with  little  nodules,  .0003'  in  diameter. 

Plant  2'  high,  pileus  1'  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.    Croghan.     September. 

This  plant  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  Ag.  mutatus,  but  the 
persistent  scales  and  rough  spores  distinguish  it. 

Agaricus  (Hebeloma)  griseoscabrosusj  Peck. 

Pileus  hemispherical  or  convex,  dry,  rough  with  scales  and  appressed  fibres, 
cinereous,  the  margin  whitish  when  young ;  lamellae  close,  broad,  whitish, 
then  ochraceous-browu  ;  stem  firm,  solid,  fibrillose  or  slightly  scaly,  subconcol- 
orous;  spores  smooth,  .00035'  x  .0003'. 

Plant  gregarious,  1.5'-3'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad,  stem  1"-1.5"  thick. 

Ground  in  open  pine  Avoods.     Bethlehem.     October. 

Agaricus  (Naucoria)  bellulusj  Peck.  } 

Pileus  thin,  convex,  moist,  smooth,  bright  watery-cinnamon ;  lamellae 
crowded,  narrow,  emarginate,  yellow,  becoming  darker  with  age  ■  stem  equal, 
hollow,  often  curved,  smooth,  reddish-brown  ;  spores,  .0002'  x  .00014". 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  6"-12"  broad. 

Decaying  hemlock  trunks  in  woods.  Lowville  and  Sandlake. 
September. 

It  is  sometimes  caespitose.  It  is  difficult  to  find  a  mature  speci- 
men of  this  plant  in  which  the  lamellae  have  not  a  stained  or 
spotted  appearance  as  if  bitten  by  some  small  insect. 

Agaricus  (Naucoria)  gcminellus,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  even,  firm,  dry,  yellowish-redj  the  margin  paler ;  lamellae 
crowded,  emarginate,  pale  yellow ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  containing  a  white 
pith  or  a  small  cavity,  colored  like  the  pileus  ;  flesh  white ;  spores  .00033'  x 

0002'. 

Kotten  wood.     Croghan.     Soptcniber. 


52 

The  dimensions  and  habit  are  the  same  as  in  the  last  sjiecies,  to 
which  this  is  clearly  related.  Its  lamellae  also  have  the  same 
peculiar  appearance. 

Agaricus  (Naucoria)  discomorbidus^  Pe^k. 

Pileus  tliin,  convex  or  expanded,  smooth,  slightly  viscid,  reddish-brown  or 
dull  chestnut ;  lamellae  narrow,  crowded,  minutely  serrulate,  white  or  pallid, 
then  brownish  ;  stem  equal,  stuflfed,  smooth,  slightly  mealy  at  the  top,  white  ; 
tlesh  white  ;  spores  nucleate,  .0004'  x  .00025'. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  1-1.5'  broad,  stem  l"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.  Croghan  and  Copake.  September  and  Octo- 
ber. 

In  the  dried  specimens  the  disk  has  a  dark  discolored  appearance 
as  if  beginning  to  decay. 

Agaricus  (Galera)  expansus,  Peck. 

Pileus  Bubmembranaceous,  expanded  or  depressed,  viscid,  plicate  striate  on 
the  margin,  brownish-ochre,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow  and  pink  hues  ; 
lamellae  close,  ferruginous  ;  stem  long,  equal,  hollow,  slightly  pruinose, 
faintly  striate,  yellow  ;  spores  .00045'  x  .00028'. 

Plant  3'-4'  high,  pileus  1'  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Decaying  wood.     Sandlake  and  Memphis.     August. 

Agaricus  (Galera)  callistus,  Peck. 

Pileua  thin,  expanded,  subumbonate,  smooth,  viscid,  striatulate  on  the  mar- 
gin, olivaceous  or  ochraceous,  the  umbo  or  disk  bright  chestnut  color ;  lamel- 
lae thin,  close,  ventricose,  easily  separating  from  the  stem,  yellowish,  becoming 
bright  ferruginous ;  stem  equal,  hollow,  pruinose,  yellow,  spores  .00035'  x 
.0002'. 

Plant  l'-1.5'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Exsiccated  water-holes  in  wooded  swamps.    Croghan.    September. 
In  the  dried  specimens  the  lamellae  are  white  on  the  edge  and 
tlie  pileus  has  assumed  a  dull  metallic  green  color. 

Agaricus  (Galera)  Coprinoides,  Peck. 

Pileus  membranaceous,  soon  expanded,  often  split  on  the  margin,  plicate- 
Bulcate  to  the  small  even  disk, yellowish  inclining  to  ochre;  lamellae  close, 
slightly  rounded  behind,  concolorous;  stem  equal,  short,  hollow,  minutely 
hairy-pruinose,  white  ;  spores  .00028'  x  .0002'. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  C  broad,  stem  .5'  thick. 

Grassy  ground.     Sterling.     August. 

The  appearance  of  the  pileus  is  suggestive  of  some  of  the  smaller 
Coprini. 


53 

Agjiricns  (Crepidotus)  Horlmriini)  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  at  first  resupinate,  with  the  margin  incurved,  clothed  with  white 
down,  at  length  somewhat  retiexed,less  downy,  the  margin  spreading  ;  lamellae 
narrow,  not  crowded,  diverging  from  a  naked  lateral  or  eccentric  point,  white, 
then  tawny ;  spores  slightly  curved,  .00038'  x  .00014'. 

Pileua2"-4"  broad. 

Dead  stems  of  herbs.    North  Greenbush.     October. 


Ag.iricus  (PsalliotJi)  diminutivus^  Peck. 

Pileus  expanded  or  centrally  depressed,  sometimes  with  a  slight  umbo,  dry, 
alutaceous,  the  disk  rosy-brown  and  spotted  with  small  appressed  silky  scales  ; 
lamellae  close,  thin,  free,  ventricose,  brownish-pink,  becoming  black ;  stem 
equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  hollow  or  stuffed  with  a  whitish  pith, 
smooth,  pallid.;  annulus  thin,  persistent,  white;  spores  .0003'  x  .00015'. 

Plant  1.5'-3'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  l''-2"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

Sometimes  the  whole  pileus  is  reddish-brown.  The  flesh  is  quite 
brittle. 

Agaricus  (Stropharia)  Howeauus,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex,  then  expanded,  fragile,  smooth,  subumbonate,  yellowish  ; 
lamellae  close,  thin,  rounded  behind,  eroded  on  the  edge,  whitish  becoming 
ferruginous-brown  ;  stem  smooth,  hollow,  slightly  thickened  at  the  base  ; 
annulus  thin,  fugacious,  sometimes  adhering  to  the  margin  of  the  pileus ;  flesh 
white ;  spores  .00033'  x  .0003'. 

Plant  3 '-4'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  2"-4"  thick. 

Center.    June. 

The  surface  of  the  pileus  sometimes  cracks  into  areas.  The  taste 
is  bitter.  The  color  of  the  spores  is  not  a  decided  brown,  and  the 
plant  might  with  almost  equal  propriety  be  refej-red  to  the  subgenus 
Pholiota. 

Agaricus  (Hyplioloma)  hirtosqnamulosns,  Peck. 

Pileus  hairy-squamulose,  hygrophanous,  grayish-brown  when  moist,  gray 
when  dry  ;  lamellae  narrow,  rounded  at  the  stem,  gray,  then  brown ;  stem 
short,  firm,  equal,  hollow,  slightly  hairy-squamulose  and  colored  like  the 
pileus  ;  spores  subelliptical,  nucleate,  .00035'  long. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Prostrate  trunks  of  maple  trees  in  woods.    Portville.    September. 


54 

Agaricns  (Hypholoma)  pliyllogeuusj  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  convex,  sometimes  slightly  umbonate,  liygrophanus,  reddisli- 
brovvn  when  moist,  alutaceous  when  dry ;  lamellae  plane,  broad,  close,  brown, 
white  on  the  edge ;  stem  equal,  fibrillose,  stuffed  or  hollow,  expanded  at  the 
base  into  a  thin  flat  disk  ;  spores  pale-brown,  subglobose,  .0002'  in  diameter. 

Plant  8"-12"  high,  pileus  2"-4"  broad,  stem  ,5"  thick. 

Fallen  leaves  in  woods.    Worcester.    July. 

This  is  a  very  small  but  distinct  species,  remarkable  for  the  disk- 
like base  of  the  stem  by  which  it  is  attached  to  the  leaves  on  which 
it  grows. 

Copriiuis  variegatus,  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  fragile,  oblong-ovate,  then  campanulate,  obtuse,  hygrophanous, 
pale  watery-brown  when  moist,  whitish  or  cream  colored  when  dry,  variegated 
by  scales  and  patches  of  a  superficial  ochraceous  tomentum,  the  margin  finely 
striate  ;  lamellae  lanceolate,  crowded,  ascending,  free,  white,  then  rosy-brown, 
finally  black  ;  stem  equal,  brittle,  hollow,  white,  at  first  peronate-annulate, 
then  floccose-pruinose,  with  white  branching  root-like  threads  at  the  base ; 
spores  .00033'  long. 

Plant  densely  caespitose,  3'-5'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  2"-4"  thick. 

Thin  soil  and  decaying  leaves  covering  rocks.  Slope  of  Crows' 
Nest  near  "West  Point.    June. 

Allied  to  C.  atrcvmentarnis.  When  young  the  whole  plant  is 
coated  by  an  abundant  superficial  tomentum.  This  soon  breaks  up 
into  loose  scales  or  patches  which  peel  off  in  flakes,  revealing  the 
smooth  pileus  beneath.     The  slight  abrupt  aniiulus  soon  vanishes. 

Copriuus  insignisj  Peck. 

Pileus  campanulate,  thin,  sulcate-striate  to  the  disk,  grayish  fawn-color,  the 
smooth  disk  sometimes  cracking  into  small  areas  or  scales  ;  lamellae  ascend- 
ing, crowded  ;  stem  hollow,  slightly  fibrillose,  striate,  white  ;  spores  rough, 
.0004' X. 00028'. 

Plant  4'-5'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  3"  thick. 

About  the  roots  of  trees  in  woods.     Worcester.    July. 

Copriniis  angulatiis,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  hemispherical  or  convex,  i)licate  sulcate,  the  disk  smooth  ;  lam- 
ellae Bubdistant,  whitish,  then  black  ;  stem  equal,  smooth,  wliitish  ;  spores 
compressed,  angular,  subovate,  .0004'  x  .00033'. 

IMant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  6"-12"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

A¥oods.     Croghan.     September. 

The  specific  name  has  reference  to  the  angular  character  of  the 
spores. 


Cortinarins  (Myxaciuin)  sphacrosporus, /VcA. 

Pilous  convex,  pinooth,  very  viscid,  pale  ocliraceous  ;  lamollao  closo,  nearly 
plane,  slightly  emargiuate,  whitish,  then  cinnamon  ;  stem  tapering  upward, 
solid,  fioccoae,  viscid,  subconcolorous,  white  at  the  top  ;  flesh  white ;  spores 
nearly  globose,  about  .0003'  in  dameter. 

Plant  2'-4'  high,  i)ileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  3"-5"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

Cortiiiarius  (PIilcj?iiiaciuiu)  loii|?ipes,  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  slightly  fibrillose,  viscid,  yellowish  or  pale 
ocliraceous  ;  lamellae  close,  plane,  brownish-olivaceous,  then  cinnamon  ;  stem 
long,  slightly  fibrillose,  tapering  upwards,  whitish. 

Plant  6'  high,  pileus  3-3'  broad,  stem  4"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croglian.     September. 

Cortiiiarius  (Inoloma)  lilaciuus.  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  hemispherical,  then  convex,  minutely  silky,  lilac  ;  lamellae 
close,  lilac,  then  cinnamon  ;  stem  stout,  bulbous,  silky  fibrillose,  solid,  whit- 
i.sh  tinged  with  lilac;   spores  nucleate,  .0004' x  .00025'. 

Plant  4'-5'  high,  pileus  3'  broad,  stem  4"-6"  thick. 

Low  mossy  ground  in  woods.     Croghan.     September. 

Cortiiiarius  (luloma)  Clintonianus,  Peck. 

Pileus  -convex  or  expanded,  with  a  few  appressed  silky  fibrils,  reddish- 
brown  tinged  with  gray  ;  lamellae  close,  dull  violaceous,  then  cinnamon  ; 
stem  solid,  silky-fibrillose,  tapering  upwards,  violaceous  at  the  top  ;  spores 
.0003'  X  .00025'. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  l'-3'  broad,  stem  2"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghan  and  New  Scotland.     September. 

Cortinarius  (Inoloma)  luodestus.  Peck. 

Pileus  convex  or  expanded,  subfibrillose,  even  or  slightly  rugose-wrinkled, 
alutaceous  ;  lamellae  close,  nearly  plane,  pallid,  then  cinnamon  ;  stem  bul- 
bous, subfibrillose,  hollow  or  with  a  white  pith,  concolorous  ;  flesh  white  ; 
spores  .00033'  x  .00025'. 

Plant  2'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  2"  thick. 

Ground  in  w'oods.     Croglian.     September. 

It  is  distinguished  from  the  preceding  species  by  its  paler  color, 
more  bulbous  stem,  and  the  entire  absence  of  violaceous  hues  in 
the  lamellae. 


56 

Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  lignarius,  Peck. 

Pileus  smootli,  liygrophauous,  dark  watery  cinnamon  wlicn  moist,  paler 
when  dry;  lamellae  close,  tliin,  concolorous,  when  young  concealed  by  the 
copious  white  webby  veil ;  stem  equal,  silky-fibrillose,  hollow  or  with  a 
whitish  pith,  subannulate,  with  a  dense  white  mycelium  at  the  base  ;  spores 
.00028'  X  .0003' 

Plant  subcaespitosc,  l'-3'  high,  pileus  8"-12"  broad,  stem  1"  thick. 

Eotten  wood.     Catskill  mountains.     June. 

Cortinarius  (Telamonia)  nigrellus,  Peck. 

Pileus  at  first  conical,  then  convex  or  expanded,  obtuse  or  subumbonate, 
minutely  silky,  hygrophanous,  blackish  chestnut  when  moist,  paler  when 
dry ;  lamellae  close,  narrow,  emarginate,  brownish-ochre,  then  cinnamon  ; 
stem  subequal,  silky  fibrillose,  pallid,  often  flexuous  ;  annulus  slight,  evan- 
escent ;  spores  .00038'  x  00016'. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  l'-3'  broad,  stem  2"-3"  thick. 

Mossy  ground  in  woods.     New  Scotland.     October. 

When  moist  the  pilens  has  the  color  of  boiled  chestnuts,  Avhen 
dry,  of  fresh  ones.  The  incurved  margin  of  the  young  pileus  is 
whitened  by  the  veil.    The  lamellae  are  darkest  when  young. 

Cortinarins  (Hey^rocybe)  pulcher,  Peck. 

Pileus  conical,  then  broadly  convex,  umbonate,  often  irregular,  hygropha- 
nous, ochraceous,  shining  and  sometimes  striatulate  when  moist,  pale  ochra- 
ceous  when  dry  ;  lamellae  subdistant,  broad,  emarginate,  uneven  on  the  edge, 
ochraceous,  stem  equal,  solid,  Bubflexuous,  silky-fibrillose,  whitish  or  pale 
ochraceous  ;  spores  .00033'  x  .0003'. 

Plant  gregarious,  3'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  l"-3"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.    New  Scotland.     October. 

Paxillus  strigosusj  Peck. 

Pileus  dry,  convex  or  expanded,  brittle,  strigose  with  scattered  stifiF  hairs, 
whitish  ;  lamellae  close,  narrow,  subdecurrent,  whitish,  then  pale  cinnamon 
color,  some  of  them  forked;  stem  equal,  solid,  pruinose,  concolorous  ;  spores 
brownish-ochre,  subglobose,  .00018'  in  diameter. 

Plant  3'  high,  pileus  l'-1.5'  broad,  stem  1  '-1.5"  thick. 

Ground  among  fallen  leaves  in  woods.     Caraghan.     September. 

The  young  plant  might  readily  be  mistaken  for  a  species  of 
Clitocybe.  Owing  to  the  very  brittle  character  of  the  pileus,  the 
lamellae  are  not  easily  separated  from  it.  The  hairs  of  the  pileus 
are  eitlier  erect  or  appressed. 


57 

Lactarins  rcg^alis,  Peck. 

Pileua  convex,  deeply  depressed  in  the  center,  viscid  wlicn  moist,  oft(m 
corrugated  on  the  margin,  white  tinged  with  yellow;  lamellae  close,  decur- 
rent,  whitish,  some  of  them  forked  at  the  base  ;  stem  stout,  short,  equal, 
hollow,  smooth  ;  taste  acrid  ;  milk  sparse,  white  quickly  changing  to  sulphur- 
yellow  ;  spores  .0003'. 

Plant  4'-6'  high,  pileus,  4'-6'  broad,  stem  1'  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Croghau.     SeptembGr. 

This  interesting  plant  rivals  L.  piperatus  in  size  and  closely 
resembles  it  in  general  appearance,  but  the  viscid  pileus  and  si)arsc 
milk  quickly  changing  to  yellow,  as  in  L.  chrysorrheus,  clearly 
distinguish  it. 

Lactarins  Geradii,  Peck. 

Pileus  expanded  or  centrally  depressed,  dry,  rugose-wrinkled,  often  with  a 
minute  umbo  or  papilla,  sooty-brown,  the  thin  spreading  margin  sometimes 
wavy  or  irregular  ;  lamellae  broad,  distant,  decurrent,  white,  the  interspaces 
uneven  ;  stem  equal,  solid,  colored  like  the  pileus  ;  flesh  and  spores  white  ; 
taste  mild  ;  milk  white  and  unchangeable. 

Plant  3'-5'  high,  pileus  2'-4'  broad,  stem  4"-6"  thick. 

Ground  in  Avoods  and  groves.  Poughkeepsie,  W.  E.  Gerard. 
Albany  and  Croghan.    September. 

In  the  color  of  the  pileus  and  stem,  this  species  is  like  the  large 
variety  of  L.  fuliginosus,  but  its  real  relationship  is  with  L.  distans, 
from  Avliich  it  is  separated  by  its  color  and  its  longer  equal  stem, 
characters  which  may  prove  to  be  only  varietal. 

Russula  sordida,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  convex,  centrally  depressed,  dry,  sordid  white,  sometimes 
clouded  with  brown;  lamellae  white,  some  of  them  forked;  stem  ecjual, 
solid,  concolorous  ;  spores  globose,  .0003'  ;  taste  acrid ;  flesh  changing  color 
when  wounded,  becoming  black  or  bluish-black. 

Plant  4'-5'  high,  pileus  3'-5'  broad,  stem  6"-13"  thick. 

Ground  under  hemlock  trees.     Worcester.    July. 
The  whole  plant  turns  black  in  drying. 

Marasmins  scmihirtipcsj  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  tough,  nearly  plane  or  depressed,  smooth,  sometimes  striate  on 
the  margin,  hygrophanous,  reddish-brown  when  moist,  alutaceons  when  dry, 
the  disk  sometimes  darker;  lamellae  subdistant,  reaching  the  stem,  slightly 

BUT-.  HUP.  SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (8)  .lui.r,   187-'5. 


58 

venose-connected,   subcrenulate    on    the    edge,   white ;    stem    equal,   hollow, 
smooth  above,  velvety-tomentose  toward  the  base,  reddish-brown. 
Plant  gregarious,  l'-3'  high,  pileua  6"-9"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

On  and  among  fallen  twigs  and  leaves.    West  Point.    June. 

Marasmius  umbonatus,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  tough,  expanded,  umbonate,  smooth,  even  or  substriate,  aluta- 
ceous,  the  margin  at  first  incurved  ;  lamallae  narrow,  subdistant,  reaching  the 
stem,  venose-connected,  sometimes  branched  toward  the  outer  extremity, 
white  ;  stem  equal,  solid,  velvety-tomentose,  tawny  below,  paler  above. 

Plant  gregarious,  l'-1.5'  high,  pileus  6"-9"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Ground  under  balsam  trees.    North  Elba.    July. 

Marasmius  caespitosusj  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  convex,  even,  brown,  with  a  lilac  tint,  the  thin  margin  exceed- 
ing the  lamallae  ;  lamellae  close,  free,  somewhat  united  with  each  other  at  the 
stem,  narrowed  outwardly,  white ;  stem  sometimes  compressed  at  the  top, 
stuffed  or  hollow,  pruinose. 

Plant  caespitose,  l'-2'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad. 

Birch  stumps  in  woods.     Richmondville,  June. 

Marasmius  lougipes,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  convex,  smooth,  finely  striate  on  the  margin,  tawny-red  ;  lamel- 
lae white  ;  stem  tall,  straight,  equal,  hollow,  pruinose-tomentose,  radicating, 
brown  or  fawn  color,  white  at  the  top. 

Plant  2'-5'  high,  pileus  4"-6"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Among  fallen  leaves  in  woods.  Savannah  and  Bethlehem.  Au- 
gust and  October. 

The  long  straight  slender  stem  is  a  characteristic  feature  of  this 
plant. 

Marasmius  glabellus,  Peck. 

Pileus  membranaceous,  convex,  then  expanded,  distantly  striate,  often 
uneven  on  the  disk,  dingy-ochraceous ;  lamellae  broad,  distant,  unequal  free, 
ventricose,  whitish,  the  upper  margin  and  the  interspaces  venose ;  stem  corne- 
ous, equal,  smooth,  shining,  hollow,  reddish-brown  or  chestnut,  whitish  at  the 
top,  with  a  thick  mycelium  at  the  base. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad,  stem  .5"  thick. 

Fallen  leaves  in  Avoods.  Worcester  and  Croghau.  July  and  Sep- 
tember. 


59 

Marasmius  straininipcs,  Peck. 

Pileus  membranaceous,  hemispherical  or  convex,  smooth,  striate,  whitish  ; 
lamellae  distant,  unequal,  white ;  stem  corneous,  smooth,  shining,  filiform, 
inserted,  pale  straw  color. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  pileus  V'-Z"  broad. 

Fallen  leaves  of  the  pitch  pine,  Pintis  rigida.    Center.    October. 

Leuzitcs  Yialis,  Peck. 

Pileus  coriaceous,  sessile,  dimidiate  or  elongated,  sometimes  confluent,  ob- 
scurely zoned,  subtomentose,  brown  or  grayish-brown,  the  margin  cinereous ; 
lamellae  thin,  anastomosing  abundantly,  pallid,  cinereous-pruinose  on  the 
edge  when  fresh. 

Pileus  6"-12"  long. 

Old  railroad  ties.     North  Greenbusli  and  Center.     October. 

Boletus  separansj  Peck. 

Pileus  thick,  convex,  smooth,  shining,  sometimes  deeply  lacunose,  brownish- 
lilac  ;  tubes  plane  or  slightly  depressed  around  the  stem,  at  first  quite 
closed  and  attached  to  the  stem,  then  by  the  expansion  of  the  pileus  usually 
torn  from  it,  small,  subrotund,  yellow  or  brownish-yellow ;  stem  solid,  nearly 
equal,  distinctly  reticulated,  dull  lilac;  spores  .00055' x  .00023';  flesh  white, 
unchangeable. 

Plant  3'-4'  high,  pileus  3'  broad,  stem  6"-10"  thick. 

Grassy  ground  in  open  Avoods.    Greenbusli.     August. 
In  dry  weather  the  separation  of  the  tubes  from  the  stem  does 
not  always  take  place. 

Boletus  aJIiuis,  Peck. 

Pilous  dry,  minutely  tomentulose,  even  or  slightly  rugose,  chestnut  colored, 
soon  fading  to  tawny  or  ochraceous,  the  cuticle  sometimes  cracking  into  areas  ; 
tubes  plane  or  convex,  attached  to  the  stem  and  sometimes  depressed  around 
it,  at  first  white  and  closed,  then  yellow,  small,  unequal,  angular  or  subrotund  ; 
stem  solid,  unequal,  smooth,  rarely  reticulated  at  the  top,  pallid  or  tinged 
with  dull  red  ;  spores  .00035'  x  .00016';  flesh  white,  unchangeable. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileus  2'-3'  broad,  stem  6  "-10"  thick. 

Grassy  ground  in  open  woods.     Greenbusli.    July. 

Boletus  modestus,  Peck. 

Pileus  firm,  often  irregular,  dry,  yollowish-brown ;  tubes  nearly  plane, 
attached   and  subdecurrent,  pale  ochraceous,  angular  and  cumiiound ;  stem 


60 

equal,  brovvu,  reticulated  with  darker  liuea  ;  spores  .0004'  x  .0002';   flesh  gray- 
er pinkish  gray. 
Plant  2'  high,  pileus  2'  broad,  stem  2"-4"  thick. 

Grassy  ground  in  open  woods.     Greenbush.     August. 

Boletus  pallidusj  Frost. 

Pileus  soft,  viscid  when  moist,  smooth,  pale  alutaceous;  tubes  plane, 
attached  to  or  Bometimes  slightly  depressed  around  the  stem,  small,  subangu- 
lar,  pale  yellow,  slightly  changing  color  when  wounded ;  stem  subequal, 
smooth,  solid,  pallid  ;  spores  .00045'  x  .00022'. 

Plant  2 '-5'  high,  pileus  2 '-4'  broad,  stem  4"-6"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     North  Greenbush.     August. 

Boletus  ampliporus,  Feck. 

Pileua  broadly  convex  or  expanded,  sometimes,  slightly  umbonate,  dry, 
squamulose-tomentose,  pinkish-brown ;  tubes  convex,  attached  or  slightly  de- 
current,  very  large,  angular,  compound,  yellow ;  stem  equal,  solid,  yellowish- 
brown,  paler  at  the  top,  and  marked  by  the  decurrent  walls  of  the  tubes  ;  flesh 
whitish  tinged  with  yellow,  unchangeable;  spores  pale  ochraceous,  with  a 
greenish  tinge,  00035'  x  .00016'. 

Plant  3'-5'  high,  pileus  3'-4'  broad,  stem,  3"-6"  thick. 

Low  mossy  ground  in  woods.  North  Elba  and  Sandlake.  Au- 
gust and  September. 

Polyporus  caeruleoporus,  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  broadly  convex,  subtomentose,  moist  or  hygrophanous,  brown ; 
pores  short,  angular,  decurrent,  grayish-blue  ;  stem  central  or  eccentric,  solid, 
colored  like  the  pileus,  sometimes  tinged  with  the  color  of  the  pores ;  flesh 
white. 

Plant  gregarious  or  subcaespitose,  2'  high,  pileus  l'-2'  broad,  stem  2"-3" 
thick. 

Shaded  banks.    Copake.     October. 

This  and  the  three  folloAving  species  belong  to  the  section 
Mesopiis. 

Polyporus  griseus,  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  convex,  often  irregular,  smooth  or  with  a  minute  ap- 
pressed  eilkiness,  dry,  gray ;  pores  small,  short,  unequal,  subangular,  i)allid, 
the  mouths  white  ;  stem  central,  thick,  short,  concolorous  ;  flesh  i)inkish-gray. 

Plant  2'-3'  high,  pileua  3'-5'  broad,  stem  6"-10"  thick. 

Shaded  banks.     Copake.     October. 


Gl 


Polj'poriis  lliivi<lnsj  Peck. 


Pileus  flesliy,  tough,  depressed  or  funnel-form,  smooth,  rarely  a  little  villous 
on  the  disk,  zonate,  yellow  with  darker  bands,  the  margin  sometimes  lobed  or 
wavy  ;  pores  short,  minute,  angular,  yellow ;  stem  central,  solid,  slightly 
tapering  downwards,  smooth,  subconcolorous. 

Plant  3-5'  high,  pilous  2-4'  broad,  stem  3"-4"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.     Worcester.    July. 

Polyporus  spleiidens,  Peck. 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  expanded,  subumbilicate,  slightly  zonate,  silky, 
shining,  dark  ferruginous  when  moist,  tawny  ferruginous  when  dry,  the  mar- 
gin deeply  fimbriate  ;  pores  small,  angular,  short,  subconcolorous ;  stem  slender, 
equal,  tomentose,  concolorous. 

Plant  1'  high,  pileus  6 '-10'  broad,  stem  .5"-l"  thick. 

Much  decayed  stumps.    Center.    August. 

Polyporus  attenuatus,  Peck. 

Resupinate,  effused,  very  thin,  separable  from  the  matrix,  pinkish-ochre, 
the  margin  whitish ;  pores  minute,  subrotund,  with  thin  acute  dissepiments. 

Prostrate  trunks  of  deciduous  trees.     Croghan.     September. 
The  pores  are  scarcely  visible  to  the  naked  eye. 

Cratcrellus  caespitosusj  Peck. 

Pileus  fleshy,  tough,  irregular,  expanded,  centrally  depressed  or  funnel- 
form,  smooth,  moist,  variable  in  color,  greenish-yellow,  pinkish-brown,  or 
blackish ;  the  margin  sometimes  decurved  and  lobed ;  hymenium  at  first 
smooth,  then  rugose-wrinkled,  the  folds  decurrent  on  the  short,  solid,  tough 
stem  which  is  either  central  or  eccentric ;  spores  oblong,  obtuse,  sometimes 
slightly  curved,  .00035 '-.00045'  long. 

Plant  caespitose,  6"-12"  high,  pileus  6"-10"  broad. 

Decaying  wood  in  swamps.     Portville.     September. 
The  pilei  sometimes  grow  together,  forming  an  intricate  irregular 
tuft. 

Grandiuia  coriaria,  Peck. 

Effused,  membranaceous-tomentose,  separable  from  the  matrix,  under  side 
and  margin  tawny-yellow,  upper  side  and  minute  crowded  granules  greenish 
or  dingy  olivaceous;  spores  globose,  rough,  .0003'  in  diameter. 

Forming  patches  l'-3'  in  diameter  on  old  scnips  of  leather  in 
damp  places.     Greenbush.    August. 


62 

Thelcphora  Willeyi,  Clinton. 

Pileus  funnel-formed,  tliiu,  smooth,  obscurely  zoned,  white,  the  margin 
entire  or  laciniately  toothed  and  lobed ;  hymenium  smooth,  concolorous ;  stem 
central,  equal,  solid,  white. 

Plant  l'-1.5'  high,  pileus  6"-12"  broad,  stem  .5"-l"  thick. 

Ground  in  woods.    Buffalo,  G.  W.  Clinton.    Lowville.    September. 
Sometimes  the  pileus  is  split  on  one  side  down  to  the  stem. 

Stereum  radiatum,  Peck. 

Resupinate  or  slightly  reflexed,  suborbicular,  blackisli-brown  ;  hymenium 
uneven,  marked  with  thick  corrugations  or  ridges  radiating  from  the  center, 
cinnamon  color. 

Old  hemlock  logs.     Catskill  Mountains.     June. 

Corticium  bicolor,  Peck. 

Thin,  membranaceous,  resupinate,  flaccid,  smooth,  separable  from  the  matrix, 
under  surface  greenish-yellow,  upper  surface  white. 

Kotten  wood.     Center.     October. 

Clavaria  pusilla,  Peck. 

Stem  slender,  solid,  rather  tough,  much  and  irregularly  branched  ;  branches 
unequal,  divergent,  tips  acute. 
Plant  scarcely  1'  high,  yellowish. 

Ground  under  spruce  and  balsam  trees.  North  Elba.  Septem- 
ber. 

Clavaria  clavata,  Peck. 

Simple,  straight,  clavate,  obtuse,  smooth,  not  hollow,  yellow  when  fresh, 
rugose-wrinkled  and  orange  colored  when  dry. 
Plant  4"-6"  high. 

Damp  shaded  banks  by  roadsides.     Sandlake.    June. 
The  surface  of  the  ground  where  it  grows  is  covered  by  a  stratum 
of  green  confervoid  filaments.    The  species  is  related  to  C.  mucida. 

Trcmella  colorata,  Peck. 

Plant  gregarious,  swollen  subglobose  or  irregular  soft  pulpy  and  raisin- 
colored  when  moist,  externally  black  and  internally  brownish-pink  when  dry  ; 
filaments  colored  in  the  mass ;  spores  globose,  colored  like  the  hymenium 
when  mature,  .0005'-.0007'  in  diameter. 

Bark  of  dead  ash  trees.     Tyre.     September- 


Exobasidiiim  Azaleao,  Vcek. 

Gall  Bubglobose,  often  lobed  or  irregular,  Biicculent,  flephy,  solid,  smooth 
pale  green  or  glaucous  becoming  pruinose ;  spores  oblong,  straiglit  or  curved, 
obscurely  uniseptate,  white,  .000G'-.0008'  long. 

Terminal  ou  living  twigs  of  the  pinxter  ])liint,  Azalea  nudijlora, 
transforming  the  flower  buds. 
North  Greenbush  and  New  Scotland.     May  and  Juno. 

Exobasidium  Aiidromedae,  Peck. 

Gall  flattened  or  somewhat  cup  shaped,  more  or  less  lobed,  smooth,  pale 
green  or  green  varied  with  red,  becoming  paler  and  pruinose  with  age,  hollow, 
the  cavity  containing  shreds  of  loose  soft  cottony  filaments ;  spores  narrow, 
oblong,  simple,  often  curved  near  one  end,  white,  .0007'-.0009'  long. 

Lateral  ou  living  branches  of  Andromeda  ligustrina,  transform- 
ing the  leaf  buds. 
Center.    May  and  June. 


GASTEROMYCETES. 

Lycoperdon  pedicellatum,  PecTc. 

Subpyriform,  whitish,  the  outer  peridium  persistent,  forming  dense  angular 
spinose  processes  which  are  smaller  toward  the  base  of  the  plant ;  capillitium 
and  spores  greenish  ochre  or  dingy  olivaceous ;  spores  smooth,  pedicellate, 
globose,  .00016 '-.00018'  in  diameter,  the  pedicel  three  to  five  times  as  long. 

Ground  and  rotten  wood.     Croghan  and  Center.     September  and 
October. 
The  spores  resemble  those  of  species  of  Bovista. 

Diderma  crustaceuin,  Peck. 

Effused  or  circumambient,  crowded,  sessile,  subglobose,  smooth,  white,  outer 
peridium  crustaceous,  resembling  the  shell  of  some  small  egg,  the  inner  deli- 
cate, appearing  cinereous  to  the  naked  eye,  iridescent  under  the  microscope ; 
columella  none;  spores  globose,  black,  .0005'  in  diameter. 

Diderma  fariiiaceuin,  Peck. 

EfiFused  or  circumambient,  crowded,  sessile,  subglobose,  plumbeous  when 
moist  or  young,  white  rugulose  and  farinaceous  when  dry ;  spores  globose, 
brown,  black  in  the  mass,  .0004'  in  diameter. 

Incrusting  mosses  and  fern  stems  in  low  woods.  Croghan.  Sep- 
tember. 


64 

Didorma  Mariae-Wilsoni,  Clinton. 

Scattered  or  crowded,  sessile,  subglobose,  smootli,  white  or  pinkisli-wliite, 
outer  peridium  crustaceous,  within  at  the  base  brownish-pink,  inner  peridium 
delicate ;  columella  subglobose,  rugulose,  slightly  colored ;  spores  globose, 
blackish-brown,  .0004'  in  diameter. 

Fallen  leaves,  sticks,  moss,  etc.  Buffalo,  Clinton.  Memphis, 
Center  and  Sandlake.    August  and  October. 

Didymium  connatnm,  Peck. 

Peridium  depressed  or  subglobose,  cinereous,  f  urf  uraceous,  stipitate  ;  stems 
mostly  connate  at  the  base,  tapering  upward,  longitudinally  wrinkled,  whitish 
or  cream  color;  spores  subglobose,  black,  .0004'  in  diameter. 

Decaying  fungi.     Portville.     September. 

The  subfasciculate  mode  of  growth  is  a  marked  feature  in  this 

species. 

Physarum  pulclierripes,  Peck. 

Peridium  globose,  variable  in  color,  ochraceous,  gray,  brown  or  black  ;  stem 
slender,  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upwards,  vermillion  ;  spores  globose,  brown, 
.00033'  in  diameter. 

Rotten  wood.     Eichmondville  and  Worcester.    July. 
The  bright  color  of  the  stem  is  quite  conspicuous,  notwithstand- 
ing the  small  size  of  the  plant. 

Physarum  caespitosuin,  Peck. 

Peridia  aggregated  in  tufts  or  clusters,  crowded,  sessile,  smooth,  brown  or 
blackish-brown;  spores  dingy  ochre,  smooth,  globose,  .00035'  in  diameter. 

Decaying  wood.     Greenbush.     August. 

Craterium  obovatum,  Peck. 

Peridium  obovate,  rugose-wrinkled,  glabrous,  lilac-brown  ;  flocci  whitish  ; 
stem  cotored  like  the  peridium;  spores  smooth, globose, black,  .0005'-.0006'  in 
diameter. 

Decaying  Avood  and  fallen  leaves.  Center,  Sandlake  and  Croghan. 
August  and  September. 

The  operculum  is  not  always  distinct,  the  peridium  appearing  fre- 
quently to  be  irregularly  ruptured  at  the  apex. 

Stemouitis  herbatica,  Peck. 

Densely  fasciculate;  capillitium  slender,  cylindrical,  brown  when  moist, 
ferruginous-brown   when   dry ;    stem  black,  arising   from   a   membranaceous 


GO 

hypolliallus,  penetrating   to   the   apex   of   the   capillitium  ;    spores  globose, 
.0003 '-.00035'  in  diameter. 

Plant  2"-3"  high,  growing  on  living  leaves  of  grass  and  herbs. 
Albany.    Jnne. 

The  color  of  this  plant  is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  S.  ferruginea, 
but  the  spores  are  much  larger,  sui-passing  even  those  of  S.fusca. 

Tricliia  rcniformis,  Peck. 

Peridia  gregarious  or  clustered,  sessile,  subglobose  or  reniform,  small,  brown  ; 
llocci  few,  short,  sparingly  branched ;  spores  globose,  minutely  cchinulate,  yel- 
low-ochre, sometimes  tinged  with  green,  .0005'  in  diameter. 

Dead  bark  of  striped  maple,  Acer  Pennsylvanicuin.  Portville. 
September. 

The  branches  and  apices  of  the  flocci  are  sometimes  without 
spiral  markings  and  slightly  nodulose. 

Pericliaena  flavida,  Peek. 

Yellow  throughout ;  peridia  crowded,  clustered,  sessile,  variable  in  size  and 
shape,  shining;  flocci  few,  short,  subnodulose,  obtuse,  sparingly  branched  ; 
spores  globose,  enchinulate,  .00045'  in  diameter. 

Mosses.     Sandlake.     August. 

The  bright  golden  yelloAv  color  renders  the  clusters  conspicuous. 


CONIOMYCETES. 

Diuemasporiuiu  Robinlae,  Gerard. 

Perithecia  cup-shaped,  bristly,  black  ;  spores  hyaline,  .0002'  long,  the  termi- 
nal bristles  about  as  long  as  the  spore. 

Dead  wood  of  locust  trees.     Poughkeepsie,  Gerard. 

Dinemasporium  aceriuum,  Peck. 

Perithecia  small,  pezizoid,  black,  hispid  with  short  straight  scattered  black 
hairs  ;  spores  unequally  elliptical,  .0003'  long,  the  terminal  bristles  scarcely 
one-third  the  length  of  the  spore. 

Dry  maple  wood.     Buffalo,  Clinton.     April. 

Bin..   BUP.    SOC.  NAT.   SCI.  (9)  JULY,   1S73. 


66 

Pucciuia  pulchella,  Peck. 

Spots  yellow  or  greenish-yellow,  orbicular,  rarely  confluent ;  sori  small, 
circinating, sometimes  confluent, blackisli-brown  ;  spores  .001'-0013'  long,  .0006' 
broad. 

Upper  surface  of  leaves  of  Rihes  j)rostratum.    North  Elba.    July. 

Pnccinia  Cryptotaeniae,  Peck. 

Spots  small,  pallid  or  yellowish,  sometimes  tinged  with  purple,  dotted  by  the 
sori,  occasionally  confluent ;  sori  minute,  clustered,  at  first  covered  by  the 
epidermis,  then  surrounded  by  its  pale  ruptured  remains  which  continue  in 
the  form  of  a  small  pustule  with  a  contracted  subcircular  opening  at  the  apex, 
reddish-brown ;  spores  subelliptical,  scarcely  constricted,  crowned  with  a 
hyaline  pustule,  .0011 '-.OOIG'  long,  .0006'  broad. 

Under  surface  of  leaves  of  Cryptotaenia  Canadensis.  North 
Greenbush.    June. 

Pnccinia  Mariae-Wilsoni,  Clinton. 

Amphigenous  ;  spots  none  ;  sori  scattered  or  clustered,  unequal,  reddish- 
brown  ;  spores  subelliptical,  scarcely  constricted,  crowned  with  a  pustule, 
.0013'-.0018'  long,  .0007'-0008'  broad. 

Leaves  and  stems  of  Claytonia  Caroliniana.  Buffalo,  Clinton. 
Knowersville.     May. 

Pnccinia  Lobeliae,  Oerard. 

Sori  minute,  scattered  or  confluent,  tawny-brown  ;  spores  oblong-elliptical, 
slightly  constricted  at  the  septum  and  easily  separating  into  two  parts,  pale, 
.0013'-0016'  long  ;  pedicel  short  or  obsolete. 

Under  surface  of  leaves  of  Lobelia  syphilitica.  Poughkeepsie, 
Gerard.    The  fragile  spores  are  peculiar. 

Pnccinia  obtccta,  Peck. 

Cauline  ;  sori  unequal,  often  very  large,  angular  or  orbicular,  scattered  or 
confluent,  slightly  elevated,  long  covered  by  the  epidermis,  black  ;  spores 
oblong  or  oblong-clavate,  sometimes  curved,  constricted,  obtuse  or  obtusely 
pointed,  .0018'-.0024'  long,  .0008'  broad;  pedicel  colored,  seldom  half  as  long  as 
the  spore. 

Stems  of  Scirpus  validus  and  S.j)ungens.  Watkins,  Montezuma 
Marshes  and  Albany.     SeptemlxT  and  October. 


()7 

0 

Pucciiiia  linearis,  Peck. 

Ampliigenous  ;  sori  vory  narrow,  deep  Bcutud,  oblong  or  linear,  parallel, 
crowded,  long  covered  by  the  epidermis,  black  ;  spores  oblong,  slightly  taper- 
ing toward  the  base,  not  constricted,  very  obtuse  or  truncate,  .0018'-0034'  long, 
.0006'  broad  ;  pedicel  colored,  very  short. 

Leaves  and  sheaths  of  grasses.     Watkins.     September. 
This  is  related  to  Puccinia  coronata,  but  it  is  without  the  apical 
teeth  of  the  spore. 

Pucciuia  angustataj  Peck. 

Hypogenous ;  spots  pallid  or  none ;  sori  oblong  or  linear,  sometimes  regu- 
larly arranged  at  equal  intervals  in  long  parallel  lines,  narrow,  black  ;  spores 
narrow,  oblong-clavate  or  elongated,  septate  above  the  middle,  strongly  con- 
stricted, having  the  lower  cell  more  narrow  than  the  upper,  and  cylindrical 
or  slightly  tapering  downwards,  .OOOlB'-.OO^i'  long,  .OOOG'  broad  ;  pedicel 
colored,  thick,  very  short. 

Leaves  of  Scirpus  sylvaticum  and  S.  Eriopliorum.  West  Albany 
and  Watkins.     September. 

Protomyces  Erytlironii,  Peck. 

Spots  stained  with  red  or  purple  ;  spores  growing  in  the  tissues  of  the 
leaf,  scattered  or  crowded,  most  often  arranged  in  short  series  and  erumpent 
through  narrow  chinks  in  the  epidermis,  large,  globose,  at  length  black, 
.002 '-.0026'  in  diameter. 

Leaves  and  petioles  of  Erythroniwn  Americanuni.  Greenbush. 
May. 

The  leaf  is  most  frequently  affected  at  the  base  of  the  lamina  or 
blade. 

Ustilago  Erytlironii  J  Clinton. 

Produced  on  the  leaves  in  oblong  or  irregular  vesicular  patches,  half  an 
inch  or  more  in  length  ;  spores  globose,  rough,  rather  large,  .0006 '-.00075'  in 
diameter,  black  in  the  mass. 

Leaves  of  Erythroniuni  Americanum.     Goat  Island,  Clinton. 

Uredo  Ledicola,  Peck. 

Spots  small,  definite,  rarely  confluent,  suborbicular,  reddish-brown,  some- 
times with  a  darker  border ;  sori  subrotund  or  irregular,  surrounded  by  the 
ruptured  epidermis  ;  spores  subglobose,  rough,  .0012'  in  diameter,  orange, 
with  a  thick  hyaline  epispore. 

Upper  surface  of  leaves  of  Ledum  latifolium.     M(.  Marcy.     July. 

Apparently  quite  distinct  from  U.  Lcdl  A.  &  S. 


G8 

Peridermium  Cerebrum,  Peck. 

Peridia  large,  convex,  erumpent,  irregularly  confluent,  forming  brain-like 
convolutions,  white,  rupturing  irregularly,  tlie  cells  radiate-striate  on  the 
margin;  spores  ovate-elliptical  or  subglobose,  rough,  yellow,  .0008'-.0011' 
long. 

Trunks  and  branches  of  young  pine  trees,  Pimis  rigida,  forming 
excrescences  half  an  inch  to  two  inches  in  diameter.  Center,  /. 
A.  Lintner. 

Roestelia  aurantiacaj  Peek, 

Peridia  cylindrical,  fragile,  soon  lacerated,  fugacious,  white  ;  spores  sub- 
globose,  bright  orange,  about  .001'  in  diameter,  with  a  thick  hyaline  epispore. 

Unripe  fruit  of  Amelanclder  Canadensis.  New  Baltimore,  /. 
L.  Zabriskie.  Keene.  July.  Also  on  the  unripe  fruit  of  Crataegus. 
Buffalo,  Clinton. 

The  color  of  the  spores  will  enable  this  species  to  be  easily  recog- 
nized. 

Aecidium  Gerardiae,  Peck. 

Spots  small,  suborbicular,  scattered,  yellowish-green,  peridia  usually  few, 
small,  short,  the  mouth  fringed  with  spreading  or  recurved  teeth ;  spores 
orange,  .0008'  in  diameter. 

Leaves  of   Gerardia  quercifoUa.     Highlands  near  Cold  Spring. 

June. 

Aecidium  album,  Clinton. 

Spots  none  ;    peridia  scattered,  short,  white,  the  margin  subentire  ;  spores 
subglobose,  white,  about  .0008'  in  diameter. 
Under  surface  of  leaves  of  Vicia  Americana.     Buffalo,  Clinton. 

Aecidium  Lycopi,  Gerard. 

Spots  yellow  ;  subiculum  more  or  less  thickened  ;  peridia  short,  scattered 
or  crowded,  margin  crenate  ;  spores  pale  yellow. 

Leaves,  stems  and  petioles  of  Lycopus  Europaeiis.  Pough- 
keepsie,  Gerard.     Buffalo,  Cli)iton.    June. 

Aecidium  Hydrophylli,  Peck, 

Spots  small,  few,  yellow,  with  a  pale  greenish  border ;  subiculum  thickened 
whitish ;  peridia  few,  generally  crowded,  short,  the  margin  subcrenate  ; 
spores  bright  yellow  or  orange;   spermogonia  central,  on  the  opposite  side. 

Under  surface  of  Icavos  of  IlgiJmpJ/i/Jhnii  f'fn/fidr)/se.  C'iilskill 
Monn  tains.     Juno. 


69 


HYPILOMYCETES. 

Stilbum  ramosiim,  Peck. 

Head  subglobose,  -whitish  or  pale  yellow ;  stem  thick,  smooth,  branched, 
white  above,  pallid  or  brownish  below,  sometimes  creeping  and  sending  up 
branches  at  intervals  ;  spores  minute,  oblong. 

Dead  larvae  of  insects  buried  in  rotten  wood.  Sterling.  Sep- 
tember. 

Periconia  Azaleao,  Peck. 

Plant  small,  .03'-04'  high,  black  ;  stem  slightly  tapering  upward  ;  head 
globose  ;  spores  subglobose  or  elliptical,  colored,  .0003'-.0003'  long. 

Twigs,  capsules  and  old  galls  of  Azalea  nudiflora.  New  Scot- 
land.   June. 

Macrosporinm  Chartarum,  Peck. 

Flocci  long,  jointed,  flexuoua,  branched,  colored ;  branches  widely  spread- 
ing, somewhat  nodulose ;  spores  variable,  subglobose,  elliptical,  obovate  or 
pyriform,  black,  shining,  one  to  three  septate,  with  one  or  two  longitudinal 
septa,  .0006'-001'  long. 

Damp  paste  board.  Albany.  November.  It  forms  indefinite 
black  spots  or  patches. 

Clasterisporium  peduiiculatum,  Peck. 

Flocci  erect,  opaque,  septate  ;  spores  terminal,  nearly  straight,  multiseptate, 
colored,  mostly  subfusiform  or  lanceolate,  about  .003'  long,  the  terminal  cell 
hyaline. 

Cut  surface  of  wood.     Savannah.     October. 

Streptothrix  abictina,  Peck. 

Tufts  pulvinate,  scattered  or  crowded,  blackish-brown ;  flocci  branched, 
pale,  echinulate  ;  spores  globose,  minutely  rough,  .00035 '-.0003'  in  diameter. 

Bark  of  prostrate  trunks  of  spruce  trees.     Sandlake.    September. 
The   larger   rough   spores   and  echinulate  threads  separate  this 
species  from  *S^.  atra. 

Aspergillus  fuligiuosus,  Peck. 

Creeping  liocci  white,  septate  ;  fertile  flocci  erect,  not  septate,  crowned  with 
a  globose  head  which  is  rough  with  projecting  processes ;  spores  globose, 
sooty-black,  smooth,  .00016'  in  diameter. 

Eice  paste  and  apple.     All)any. 


70 


ASCOMYCETES. 

Microspliaera  Russelliij  Clinton. 

Ampliigenous ;  mycelium  arachnoid,  evanescent ;  appendages  8-18,  very 
long,  flexuous,  colored,  paler  toward  the  tips  which  are  simple  or  one  to 
three  times  divided;  sporangia  ovate,  4-8;  spores  4,  elliptical,  .0007'-.0008' 
long. 

Leaves  and  petioles  of  Oxalis  strida.  Buffalo,  Clinton.  Pougli- 
keepsie,  Gerard.    North  Greenbush.     October. 

This  might  Avith  almost  equal  propriety  be  referred  to  the  genus 
Erysiphe. 

Erysii)lie  Eui)horbiae,  Peck. 

Mycelium  thin;  conceptacles  small,  .0035'  in  diameter;  appendages  few, 
long,  flexuous,  colored;  sporangia  broadly  ovate,  3-4;  spores  3-4,  large, 
.001' X. 00065'. 

Leaves  of  Eupliorhia  hyjiericifoUa.     Greenbush.     October. 

Geo^lossum  simile^  Peck. 

Plant  l'-2'  high,  black,  minutely  hairy  ;  club  obtuse,  generally  compressed, 
sometimes  with  a  broad  shallow  groove  on  one  side,  tapering  into  the  stem  ; 
asci  broad ;  spores  fasciculate,  elongate,  slightly  curved,  seven-septate, 
colored,  .003'-.0004'  long  ;  paraphyses  slightly  thickened  at  the  tips,  septate, 
sometimes  branched. 

Damp  mossy  ground  in  swamps  and  in  peat  bogs.  Ft.  Edward, 
Hoive.     Sandlake.     September. 

It  is  scarcely  possible  to  separate  this  species  from  G.  liirsutum 
without  microscopical  examination. 

Yibrissea  lutea,  Peck. 

Plant  6"-12"  high,  yellow,  receptacle  subglobose,  smooth,  the  margin 
slightly  lobed,  inflexed,  free;  stem  nearly  equal,  solid,  a  little  more  highly 
colored  than  the  receptacle,  longitudinally  wrinkled  when  dry  ;  asci  clavate 
or  cylindrical ;  spores  long,  filiform. 

Prostrate  mossy  trunks  of  trees  and  among  fallen  leaves  in  woods. 
North  Elba.     August. 

Peziza  Solenia,  PecA;. 

Cups  minute,  nearly  cylindrical,  hairy,  brown,  opening  by  a  contracted, 
white-margined  mouth  ;  spores  oblong,  crowded  or  biseriate,  uniseptate 
usually  with  four  nuclei,  subhyaline,  .0005'  long  ;    ])araphyses  filiform. 


71 

Dead  stems  of  Eupatorium  ageratoides  in  dianp  shaded  places. 
Watkins  Glen.     September. 

The  cups  are  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  appear  like  some 
minute  solenia. 

Rhytisma  linearis,  Peck. 

Linear,  here  and  tbere  interrupted  or  constricted,  black  ;  asci  broad,  clavate, 
eigbt-spored  ;  spores  very  long,  obtuse,  strongly  narrowed  in  the  middle, 
involved  in  mucus,  .002'-.003'  long. 

Under  surface  of  leaves  of  pine  trees,  Pinus  Strolus.  Guilder- 
land,  Greenbush  and  Sandlake.    June. 

It  forms  a  thick  black  line  on  the  under  surface  of  the  leaf,  often 
extending  the  entire  length.  The  spores  appear  to  consist  of  two 
oblong  parts  connected  by  a  narrow  neck. 

Hypomyces  polyporinus,  Peck. 

Peritbecia  minute, ovate  or  subconical,  seated  on  a  pallid  subiculum.smootb, 
yellowisb,  or  pale  amber ;  asci  narrow,  linear ;  spores  fusiform,  acuminate 
at  each  end,  nucleate,  .0006 '-.0007'  long. 

On  Polyjjonis  versicolor.  Worcester  and  Croghan.  July  and 
September. 

Nectria  Apocyiii,  Peck. 

Conidia.  Subbemispberical  or  irregular,  small,  pale  red ;  spores  fusiform, 
straight,  .0005'-.0006'  long. 

Ascopliore.  Caespitose  or  scattered,  dull  red ,  peritbecia  minute,  pale  ochra- 
ceous,  and  subglobose  when  moist,  dull  red  collapsed  or  laterally  compressed 
and  rough  with  minute  whitish  scales  when  dry  ;  spores  biseriate,  uniseptate, 
fusiform,  nucleate,  .00065'-.0008'  long. 

Base  of  dead  stems  of  Apocymim  cannabimmi.  North  Green- 
bush.     October. 

Nectria  mycetophila,  Peck. 

Peritbecia  crowded  or  scattered,  minute,  smooth,  subglobose,  pale  yellow 
when  young,  then  pinkish-ochre  ;  ostiole  minute,  papillate,  distinct,  darker 
colored  ;  asci  subclavate  ;  spores  oblong,  simple,  .0005'  x  .00016' . 

Decaying  fungi.    New  Scotland.     October. 


72 

Sphaeria  Staphylina,  Peck. 

Peritliecia  minute,  black,  covered  by  tlie  epidermis,  ■\vliicli  at  length  rup- 
tures in  a  stellate  manner  or  irregularly  ;  spores  biseriate,  colorless,  con- 
stricted in  the  middle,  three  to  five  septate,  .0009 '-.001'  long,  the  two  parts 
formed  by  the  central  septum  unequal  in  diameter. 

Dead  twigs  of  Staphylea  trifolia.     Helderberg  Mountains.     May. 

Sphaeria  Desmodii,  Peck, 

Perithecia  scattered  or  seriately  placed,  minute,  covered  by  the  epidermis, 
which  is  pierced  by  the  acute  ostiole,  black  ;  asci  clavate  ;  spores  biseriate, 
fusiform,  colorless,  four  nucleate,  .00035 '-.0004'  long. 

Dead  stems  of  Desmodium.    Garrisons.    June. 


73 


VI.    Contributions  to  a  Knowledge  of  North  American 

Moths 

BY   AUG.    II.    GROTE. 
[Bead  before  this  Society,  June  Qtk,  1873.] 

DuMERiL,  in  1823,  and  afterwards  Boisduval,  in  183C,  availed 
themselves  of  the  structural  feature  offered  by  the  different  anten- 
na! forms  in  the  Lepidoptera  to  establish  ideal  divisions,  higher 
than  Families,  in  the  sub-order.  Although  not  so  strongly  insisted 
upon,  other  considerations  may  have  suggested  themselves,  appar- 
ently justifying  a  separation  of  the  Butterflies  from  the  rest  of  the 
Lepidoptera.  But,  as  we  become  acquainted  with  the  sub-order, 
the  peculiarities  of  the  Butterflies  lessen  by  comparison.  And 
since  the  form  of  the  antennae  is  nowhere  absolute,  and  even  in 
reality  will  not  always  separate  the  Butterflies  from  many  Moths, 
and  since  the  divisions  proposed  by  Dr.  Boisduval  are  evidently  of 
unequal  value,  and  the  character  on  which  they  rest  of  little  sys- 
tematic weight,  the  terms  cannot  be  retained.  Boisduval's  terms 
are  in  part  synchronous  with  Dameril's,  which,  in  case  of  accept- 
ance of  the  values  intended,  should  be  preferred.  The  compara- 
tively persistent  character  of  the  clavate  antennae  in  the  Butterflies 
is  noticed  by  Hiibner  in  181G.  But  it  is  evident  that  the  Hesperi- 
dae,  for  instance,  present  a  modification  of  the  form  of  the  anten- 
nus  as  we  find  it  in  the  higher  Butterflies,  and  are  accordingly  not 
to  be  indifferently  classed  with  them.  It  w^ould  seem  as  though  the 
succession  of  Family  groups  in  the  Lepidoptera  is  not  to  be  dis- 
turbed by  higher  exact  division,  nor  need  we  employ  other  terms 
than  our  common  ones  for  general  purposes  of  designation. 

Professor  Agassiz,  in  1849,  records  a  character  which  had  been 
before  unnoticed  by  the  classificators  of  the  sub-order.  Agassiz 
calls  attention  to  the  fact,  that  there  is  a  common  position  of  the 

BUL.   BUr.   90C.   NAT.  SCI.  (10)  JCH,Y,  1873. 


74 

wing  in  all  the  LcpidoiDtera  in  the  pupa  state.  The  wings  are  then 
bent  downAvards,  and  tlie  upper  wings  cover  the  lower  ones,  the 
npper  surface  of  the  latter  turned  sidewise.  In  the  Papilionidae, 
or  true  Butterflies,  in  their  adult  state,  the  wings  are  raised  above 
the  body,  their  upper  surface  turned  upwards  and  inwards,  never 
turning  outwards.  In  the  mature  Hesperian  the  position  of  the 
Avings  is  different;  the  anterior  pair  only  are  raised,  while  the  lower 
ones  are  stretched  horizontally.  In  the  perfect  state  of  the  lowest 
Moths,  the  wings  are  stretched  backwards  close  to  the  body,  which 
they  more  or  less  surround.  In  the  varying  attitude  of  the  wings 
we  evidently  have  a  manifestation  of  the  cephalic  principle,  and 
accordingly  a  safe  basis  upon  which  to  found  our  systematic 
arrangements. 

It  is  with  diffidence  that  I  suggest  that,  in  the  position  of  the 
wings,  we  have  a  character  which  might  be  interpreted  as  assigning 
a  higher  position  to  the  Geometridae.  In  most  of  these  moths 
there  is  a  more  frequent  common  ornamentation  of  the  upper 
surface  of  the  wings,  perhaps  predicated  by  the  exposure  of  the  hind 
pair  in  a  state  of  rest  to  the  light. 

"With  regard  to  the  position  of  the  Deltoids,  Lederer  says: 

"Ich  konnte,  wie  gesagt,  ebenfalls  keine  [Verschiedenheit]  auftin- 
den  und  trage  um  so  weniger  Bedenken,  die  nun  aufzufiihrenden 
Arten  [Deltoiden]  zu  den  Eulen  zu  rechnen,  als  sie  selbst  dann, 
wenn  noch  ein  sie  von  diesen  trennendes,  ausschliessliches  Merkmal 
aufgefunden  werden  sollte  dennoch  hier  und  nicht  bei  den  Pyrali- 
den  unterznbringen  waren  und  der  Totaleindruck  sie  gcAviss  von 
diesen  noch  weit  mehr,  als  von  den  Noctuinen  unterscheidet,  iiber- 
haupt  weniger  in  Wirklichkeit  als  in  der  Gewolmheit  diese  Arten 
als  Pyrallden  zu  betrachten,  besteht." 

While  I  am  not  agreed  with  the  separation  of  the  Cymatophorina, 
Herrich-Scliaeffer,  as  a  group  equivalent  to  the  Noctuidae,  nor  as 
luiving  more  than  analogies  with  the  Bombycidae,  I  think  we  shall 
be  justified  in  considering  the  Deltoids  as  belonging  to  the  JSToctui- 
dae;  and  this  rather  than  allow  an  interpolation  of  the  Family 
Geometridae  between  groups  so  nearly  allied,  that  certain  of  our  first 
authorities,  Zeller,  Lederer  and  Ilerrich-SchaefFer,  cannot  separate 
them  by  any  tangible  character. 


75 

All  idea  that  ihe  anhiitiL-d  in  the  Lepidoptcra  are  net-like  and 
not,  as  they  seem  to  me,  branch-like,  has  excused  the  classification, 
especially  of  the  Bombycidae,  adopted  by  v.  lleineman  and  Stau- 
dinger,  by  which  Subfamily  groups  are  accorded  Family  rank,  and 
so  incongruous  a  sequence  is  adopted,  that  this  would  seem  the  end 
sought,  rather  than  a  natural  arrangement  of  the  Moths.  No  or 
little  allowance  is  made  for  comparative  characters,  and  the  severity 
of  tlie  generic  classification  has  permitted  no  adequate  comprehen- 
sion of  these  softer  zoological  forms.  We  miss  any  reference  to 
American  genera  (without  which  perhaps  no  true  limitation  can  be 
decided  npon),  either  as  illustrated  by  American  writers  or  by  the 
pens  of  European  authors  who  have  investigated  so  largely  the  Lepi- 
dopterous  Faunae  of  other  continents,  v.  lleineman  establishes 
the  European  genns  Scodra,  without  reference  to  Guenee's  Leptina, 
from  America,  Avhich  it  seems  shonld  have  been  compared.'  On  the 
other  hand  Packard,  in  1864,  has  indicated  in  several  cases  the  com- 
parative generic  position  of  European  Bombycidae,  and,  in  1865,  we 
have  drawn  attention  to  relationships  between  the  Sphingidae  of 
either  continent,  and  in  particular  to  the  position  which  the  Euro- 
pean Macrosila  convolvuli  and  Sphinx  ligustri  occupy  with  regard 
to  the  American  species  of  the  two  genera. 

I  give  here  a  catalogue  of  our  North  American  species  referable 
to  Herrich-SchaeflFer's  Family  Cymatoiiliorina,  for  Avhich  I  prefer 
Boisduval's  earlier  term,  and  regard  them  as  forming  a  sub-family 
of  the  Noctuidae.  Alone  of  any  of  the  divisions  of  the  family 
heretofore  proposed,  they  possess  a  distinctive  structural  feature, 
found  in  the  course  of  the  costal  nervure  of  the  secondaries. 


1  Auf  Seite  17,  v.  Heineman's  Schmetterlins^e  Deutschlands  und  der  Schweiz,  steht,  Z.  9,  v. 
unteii,  "bei  der  Hesperiengattung  Cydopaedes  die  ninterschienen  auch  mit  Mittelspornen." 
Schlagt  man,  Seite  115,  d.  Gattung  auf,  so  findet  sicli  geradc  des  Gcgenthcil  angegebeii :  "Uin- 
terschieueii  uur  mit  Endsporuen." 


7G 


Family,  NOCTUIDAE. 

Subfamily,  NOCTUO-BOMBYCINI,  Boisduval  (1829). 

Tribe,  Verae,  Grote  (1863). 

CYMATOPHORA,  Treitschke  (1834). 

Type :  Noctua  flavicornis,  Linnaeus. 

caniplaga,  Walker."^ 

Canada  (Auth.  Walker). 

LEPTINA,  Guen^e  (1852). 

Type :  Leptina  dormitaug,  Guenie. 

dormitans,  Guenee. 
New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

latebricola,  Grote. 
New  Jersey. 

oplitlialinica,  Guenee. 

New  York ;  Pennsylvania ;  Alabama. 

Doubledayi,  Guenee. 

Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania, 

formosa»  Grote. 

Massachusetts. 

Tribe,  Falbae,  Grote  (1863). 

PSEUDOTHYATIRA,  Grote  (1864). 

Type :  Thyatira  cymatophoroides,  Guenee. 
cjfiiiatophoroides,  Grote. 

$  Thyatira  cymatophoroides,  Guenee, 
New  York ;  New  Jersey  ;  Pennsylvania. 

expultrix,  Grote. 

$  Thyatira  cymaiophorddes,  Guen<5e. 
Canada ;  New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

2  Mr.  Walker'8  Cymatopliora  virldescens  is  erroneously  determined  geuerically,  and  I  retain 
the  present  species  with  licsitation  on  tlie  list. 


77 


HABROSYNE,  Ilubner  (181G). 

Type  :  Noctua  derasa,  Linnaeus. 
scripta. 

Thyatira  scripta,  Gosse. 
Thyatira  dbrasa,  Quen6e. 

Canada ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Virginia. 

THYATIRA,  Ochsenlieimer  (1810). 

Type :  Noctua  Batis,  Linnaeus. 
pudcns,  Ouenee. 
New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

The  tribes  I  have  adopted  in  the  Moths  are  founded  upon  a  more 
intimate  resemblance  among  groups  of  genera ;  they  may  possibly 
assist  us  in  placing  the  different  forms  into  a  natural  position. 

Dr.  Packard  has  shown  the  existence  of  two  Subfamily  types  in 
the  Noctuidae,  corresponding  in  the  main  with  M.  Guenee's  Trifi- 
dae  and  Quadrifidae,  but  based  on  other  and  comparative  characters. 
Lederer  had  previously  shown  that  M.  Guenee's  definitions  are  inex- 
act, and  had  contended  that  the  Noctuidae  are  not  susceptible  of 
any  Subfamily  division. 

The  species  thrown  together  under  Acronycta  appear  susceptible 
of  generic  division,  while  our  knowledge  of  the  difficult  forms  is  as 
yet  extremely  defective.  The  early  stages  must  be  studied,  since  we 
find  the  statements  of  authors  that  these  differ  widely  in  otherwise 
closely  allied  species.  I  here  indicate,  I  fear  imperfectly,  the  differ- 
ent groups  into  which  it  seems  our  species  may  be  divided,  not 
changing  the  general  generic  designation,  and  leaving  many  ques- 
tions for  the  moment  unsolved. 

In  1868  we  recorded  our  opinion  of  Mr.  Walker's  description  of 
American  Moths,  based  upon  our  personal  examination  of  the 
British  Museum  collections.  So  many  authorities  concur  in  an 
unfavorable  opinion  of  Mr.  "Walker's  labors,  that  we  need  no  excuse 
for  omitting  here  any  reference  to  the  British  Museum  Catalogue, 
except  Avhere  we  have  identified  Mr.  Walker's  descriptions. 


78 


Subfamily  KOCTUINAE,  Pachard. 
Tribe,  BoMBTCOiDES  {Hubner). 
ACRONYCTA,  Oclisenlieimer(1816). 

viunula,  Orote. 

New  York  ;  New  Jersey  ;  Pennsylvauia. 

§  Triaena,  Hubner  (1816). 

Type  :  Noctua  psi,  Linnaeus. 
grisea,  Walker.^ 

Noctua  grisea,  Barnston  MS. 
Hudson's  Bay  Territory. 

Tritonaj  Onenee. 

Triaena  Tritona,  Hubner. 
Canada  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

occidentalisj  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Acronycta  psi,  X  Guenee  (in  part,  B). 
Canada;  Massacbusetts ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

telum,  Ouenee. 
New  York. 

morulaj  Orote  and  Robinson. 
Canada ,  New  York. 

Lobeliae,  Guenee. 

Canada;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

fiircifera,  Guenee. 

Am6rique  Septentrionale  (auth.  Guenee). 

hasta^  Guenee. 


Amerique  Septentrionale  (autb.  Guenee). 

interrupta,  Guenee.^ 

Georgia  (described  from  Abbot's  drawings). 


3  This  species  differs  from  Tritona  in  the  whitish  secondaries,  but  otherwise  closely  resem- 
bles Ilubner's  species.    I  have  examined  the  types  in  the  British  Museum. 

1  From  the  manner  of  remark  on  page  121  of  the  Second  Report  on  the  Insects  of  Missouri, 
it  would  be  inferred  this  species  had  been  identified.  I  do  not  think  it  can  be  readily  known 
from  the  existing  description. 


79 

spininrera,  Guenee. 

New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

connot'ta,  Ch'ote.^ 
New  York. 

§ 
fniieraliS)  Orote  and  Robinson. 
Canada  ;  Ohio. 

iiiiiotatu,  Ouenee. 

Dipldhera  Oraefii,  Qrote. 
New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

§  Acrouycta,  Hi'ibner,  restr.  (181G). 

Type:  Noctua  leporina,  Linnaeus. 
Lnpiiii,^  Bchr. 
California. 

lepnsculina,  Guenee. 

Acronyeta  populi,  2d  Missouri  Report. 
Pennsylvania;  Missouri. 

iiisita^  Walker. 

New  York.    Spec,  distinct.  ? 

§  Megacrouycta,"  Grote  (1873). 

Type:  Acrouycta  liastulifera,  Guense. 

hastulifera,  Guente. 

Phalaena  hastulifera.  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Apatela  americana,  Harris. 
\        Canada ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Massachusetts  ;  Southern  States. 

5  Acronyeta  conneda,  n.  s.,  i,  is  the  narrowest  winged  species  known  to  me.  The  body  is 
rather  long  and  stout.  Hoary  gray,  with  a  testaceous  tinge,  the  markings  indistinct.  The 
wing  is  darker  clouded  centrally  and  above  internal  margin  between  the  basal  and  internal 
black  dashes.  The  costal  marks  are  very  faint.  The  orbicular  is  a  void,  rather  small  annulet, 
and  its  more  whitish  hue  contrasts.  The  reniform  is  also  rather  small,  distinctly  ringed 
inwardly  where  it  is  stained,  incompletely  margined  outwardly  where  it  is  whitish.  The  t.  p. 
line  is  well  removed  to  the  e.Kternal  margin  superiorly.  A  dark  shade,  not  a  streak,  opposite 
the  cell.  Terminal  elongate  interspaceal  black  streaks.  Hind  wings  whitish  with  darker 
clouded  borders.    Beneath  dusted,  with  faint  dot  and  line. 

Expanse,  1.25  inch.    Sharon  Springs,  from  O.  Meske. 

6  I  have  a  single  specimen  of  this  species  that  I  refer  to  this  section.  Compact,  stout-bodied, 
and  thickly  scaled  ;  primaries  narrow  without  saggitate  marks,  median  shade  distinct,  t.  p.  line 
continuous  with  succeeding  gray  shade,  fringes  minutely  black  dotted ;  secondaries  witli 
imniaculate  fringes.    The  specimen  is  obscurely  colored,  perhaps  stained ;  size  of  leporina. 

''  Gr.:  fieyac  et  Acronyeta.  In  this  section  vein  5,  is  hardly  weaker,  and  the  cell  is  in  part 
closed  by  a  veinlet  as  strong  as  vein  5.  The  fore  tibiae  are  somewliat  thickened.  I  do  not 
think  the  species  belongs  to  Stephens'  genus  Apatela,  of  which  we  appear  to  have  a  wrong  idea 


80 

§  Apatela,  Oehseuheimer  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  aceria,  Linnaeus. 

acei'icola,  Guenee. 

Phalaena  aceris  %  Abbott  and  Smitli,  7ion  alior. 
"  Georgia."    An.  spec,  sequent.  ? 

rul}ricomaj  Ouenee. 
New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

luteicoma,  Grote  and  Robinson 
New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

brumosa,  Guenee.  

Anierique  Septentrionale  (auth.  Guein';e). 

Verrilli,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Massachusetts ;  New  York. 

noctiTaga,  Grote. 

New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

superans,  Guenee. 
Canada;  New  York. 

afflicta,  Grote. 
Texas ;  Pennsylvania. 

longa^  Guenee.  


Anierique  du  Nord  (autli.  Guenee). 

§ 
clarescens,  Guenee. 
New  York. 

§  Lepitoreuma/  Grote. 

Type  :  Acronycta  ovata,  Grote. 
ovata,^  Grote. 
Pennsylvania. 

from  Harris'  determination.  Hiirris  seems  to  have  confused  the  two  illustrations  of  Abbot, 
and  while  he  describes  our  largest  species,  which  is  most  probably  hastulifera  of  the  Insects 
of  Georgia,  he  states  it  to  be  figured  by  Abbot  and  Smith  as  aceHs,  which  it  certainly  is  not. 
Harris  may  have  been  led  to  this  by  larval  observations,  which  perhaps  cannot  always  be 
considered  as  correctly  made  by  Abbot.  In  two  instances — Phalaena  angulosa,  Plate  83,  and 
Phalaena  amasia,  Plate  90 — I  have  shown  that  Abbot  has  represented  two  distinct  species  on 
one  plate  as  from  the  same  larva. 

*  Gr.:  Xinig  et  rdpev/ia.  This  section  is  characterized  by  the  ovate  primaries,  which 
broaden  outwardly;  the  costal  edge  is  produced  at  the  shoulder,  depressed  centrally  and  is 
again  full  toward  the  apices.  The  scales  are  strongly  raised  in  ridges  along  the  transverse 
lines. 

8  Acronycta  ovata,  n.  «.,  Plate  2,  fig.  14  i ,  is  of  the  general  shape  of  Hamamelis,  but  very 
differoiit  in  color  and  with  distinct  sagittate  marks.    Gray  with  a  bright  tinge,  shaded  with 


81 

Ilamamelis,  CMc/itc. 

New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

dissectsij  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Massachusetts;  New  York. 

§ 
sperata,^**  Grote. 
New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 

§ 
xylinoidcs,^^  Guenee. 
New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Missouri. 

§Eulonche,i2  Groie  {\%n). 

Type:  Acronycta  oblinita,  Guenee. 
oblinita;  Guenee. 

Phalaena  oblinita.  Abbot  and  Smith. 
Canada ;  New  York ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

testaceous.  A  black  basal  dash  extends  to  the  twice  strongly  angulated  t.  a.  line,  which  is  gem- 
inate, the  inner  more  distinct  line  composed  of  raised  scales.  Above  the  basal  dash  tlie 
humeral  space  is  pale  bej'ond  the  geminate  basal  half-line.  Median  space  wide  superiorly, 
owing  to  the  superior  wide  projection  of  the  distinct  and  regularly  denticulated  t.  p.  line. 
Orbicular  rather  large,  pale  and  vague,  with  clouded  center.  Costal  black  marks  evident. 
Median  shade  apparent  by  raised  darker  scales.  Reniform  vague,  bisannulate,  stained  with 
deep  testaceous.  A  very  narrow  black  distinct  d;ish  at  internal  angle,  broken  at  the  pale  con- 
tinued s.  t.  line.  A  third  black  dash,  indicated  within  s.  t.  line,  opposite  the  disc.  Secondaries 
fuscous,  with  the  distinct  black  discal  spot  and  dentate  line  of  the  paler  under-surface  reflected. 
Expanse,  1.45  inch.    Coll.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 

10  Acronycta  sperata,  n.  s.,  Plate  2,  flg.  1  i  ,  belongs  apparently  to  the  section  of  A.  myricae, 
Guenee.  Clear  blue-gray,  the  usual  markings  of  the  primaries  distinct  and  erect.  T.  a.  line 
geminate,  waved,  component  lines  divaricate.  Orbicular  small,  very  distinct,  a  blackish  void 
annulet.  Keniform  well  sized,  also  distinctly  but  less  completely  black  ringed,  crossed  by  the 
median  shade.  T.  p.  line  regularly  dentate,  nearly  straight,  as  usual  inflected  below  median 
nervure.  No  sagittate  marks  ;  s.  t.  line  pale,  vague  ;  a  series  of  minute  terminal  black  marks. 
Ilind  wings  white,  dusted  costally ;  beneath  white,  a  little  dusted,  no  lines  or  spots  perceivable. 

Expanse,  1.35  inch.    Coll.  B.  S.  N.  S.  and  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 

'1  This  species  resembles  oblinita  in  general  appearance,  but  is  easily  distinguished  by  the 
shape  of  the  primaries,  the  apices  being  less  produced,  the  external  margin  a  little  straighter. 
The  t.  p.  line  is  more  distinct  and  removed  further  towards  the  external  margin,  and  there  is  a 
more  or  less  obvious  streak  at  internal  angle.  Perhaps  the  two  are  confounded  in  the  Third 
Annual  Missouri  Report,  p.  71.  In  this  same  Report,  the  re-description  of  Laphygma 
frugiperda.  Ouenie,  the  corn-bud-worm  moth  of  Abbot  and  Smith,  as  I^-odenia  autumnalis, 
will  at  least  prevent,  it  is  hoped,  "i»  this  country,''''  the  appearance  of  scientific  descriptions  of 
this  variable  species  "  based  upon  the  simple  examination  of  solitary  specimens  of  the  perfect 
insect,  iv'ithout  the  fact  being  vientioned.^''  The  italics  are  mine,  and  the  quotations  from  i)age 
50  of  the  Third  Report.  The  species  alluded  to  in  this  Report  as  "  Prodenia  commeinae,"  can 
certainly  not  be  Abbot  and  Smith's  Commelinae,  as  this  is  so  large  as  not  to  be  possibly  con- 
founded with  Laphygma  frugiperda. 

*^  Gr.:  "  Ev  et  Myxri.  This  section  is  characterized  by  the  long  pointed  primaries  and 
sunken  head.    Vein  5  of  the  hind  wings  is  a  mere  fold,  and  the  cell  open. 

BtJL.  BUr.  soc.  NAT.  BCI.  (11)  JITLY,   1873. 


82 

insolitaj^^  Qrote. 
Pennsylvania. 

AgTotis  pityclirous,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  11,  ^  . 

Allied  to  Agrotis  quadrideutata  and  Agrotis  cicatricosa  G.  &  JR.,  from  Colorado 
Territory  and  to  the  Russian  A.  acuminifera  Eversniann,  as  figured  by  Herricli- 
Schaeffer. 

Pale  grayish  white  from  the  base  along  costal  region  to  the  transverse  pos- 
terior line  which  is  indicated  by  dark  dots.  The  costal  edge  is  marked,  show- 
ing the  inception  of  the  transverse  lines  which  are  not  perceptible.  The 
orbicular  and  reniform  are  rather  large,  grayish  white,  with  more  or  less  com- 
plete black  annuli,  lying  on  the  dusky  discal  field  that,  in  the  male,  shows 
a  testaceous  tint.  The  claviform  mark  is  black  and  perceivable  in  its  usual 
place  without  the  transverse  anterior  line,  the  latter  fragmentary.  The 
extra  basal  line  is  geminate,  even,  and  only  discontinued  at  the  whitish  costal 
shade.  Median  vein  whitish  and  the  whitish  scales  extend  along  veins  three  and 
four  to  the  subterminal  line  which  is  exerted  at  this  place.  Subterminal  space 
whitish,  showing  black,  more  or  less  evident,  cuneiform  marks  before  the  line. 
Terminal  space  dusky,  constricted  medially  owing  to  the  exserted  portion  of  the 
subterminal  line.  Interspaceal  blackish  cuneiform  marks  take  the  place  of 
the  terminal  line.  Fringes  stained  with  testaceous.  The  hind  wings  are 
whitish  with  diffuse  dusky  borders  in  the  male,  while  in  the  opposite  sex  they 
are  nearly  wholly  blackish,  contrasting  with  the  white  fringes  and  offering  a 
distinctional  character  when  compared  with  allied  species  ;  a  faint  discal  liture 
in  both  sexes.  Beneath  whitish,  with  dusky  shadings  ;  no  transverse  lines  in 
either  sex  ;  a  series  of  interrupted  interspaceal  terminal  dusky  marks.  Cor- 
poral pubescence  whitish  ;  collar  with  distinct  dark  lines  which  define  also  the 
tegulae.  Abdomen  whitish,  stained  with  testaceous  at  the  extremity  ;  ovi- 
positor exserted  in  the  female  in  which  the  antennae  are  simple,  while  these 
are  finely  pectinate  in  the  male. 

Expanse,  30  m,  m.  Hahitat,  Long  Islund,  N.  Y.  (coll.  J.  A. 
Lintner). 

13  Acronycta  insolita,  n.  s.,  i  ,  resembles  A.  oblinita,  in  the  lanceolate  primary  wings,  which 
are  even  longer  and  more  produced  apically.  Blackish ;  orbits  of  the  eyes  white.  Primaries 
uniformly  blackish,  the  dark  tone  obscuring  all  ornamentation  except  the  t.  p.  and  s.  t.  lines, 
which  are  oblique  and  appear  as  rather  broad  interspaceal  hmulated  or  squared  gray  marks, 
which,  in  the  as  usual  flexed  t.  p.  line,  are  marked  by  black  outward  points,  tlie  fragments  of  the 
t.  p.  line  itself,  the  gray  marks  being  the  preceding  shade.  Hind  wings  white  beneath,  with  the 
costal  region  dusted  with  blackish  scales.  Palpi  with  the  second  joint  outwardly  black;  fore 
tibiae  with  blackish  longer  hair.  Abdomen  wliitish  above,  darker  beneath,  rather  long.  The 
unusually  dark  color  and  pointed  wings,  together  with  the  peculiar  appearance  of  the  trans- 
verse lines,  should  make  this  species  very  recognizable.  This  last  section  of  the  genus  reminds 
OS  of  Leucania.    My  specimen  of  A.  iusolita,  expands  l.tJO  juch.    Coll.  Ani.  Eijt.  Soc. 


83 

Cloantlia  ramosula,  Oueme,  Plate  3,  fig.  lO,  primary  wing. 

Gucn^e's  figure  of  tliis  spi'cies  is  not  reoognisablo.  In  tlic  description  this 
species  is  compared  with  the  type  of  the  genus,  the  European  C.  licvspicillaris.  I 
believe  I  describe  and  illustrate  here  Guende's  rawoswZa,  although  the  description 
in  the  Sp(''cies  General  is  not  full  and  appears  to  me  contradictory  in  slight 
points.  Cinereous,  shaded  with  ochrey  brown.  Costal  edge  cinereous.  Below 
the  s.  c.  nervuro  the  wing  is  whitish  ashen  from  the  base  over  the  cell  and, 
beyond  the  reniform,  this  paler  shade  extends,  outwardly  obliquely  margined, 
to  apex.  Orbicular  extremely  indistinct,  indicated  by  a  fragmentary  obliquely 
placed  black  ringlet.  Reniform  prominent,  large,  indistinctly  closed  outwardly, 
with  an  interior  brown  shade  and  with  its  annulus  very  distinct  and  black 
inwardly  and  inferiorly  where  it  descends  below  vein  3  and  is  here  surrounded 
by  the  diffuse  brown  shade  which  extends  largely  over  the  median  nervules. 
This  black  marginal  line  of  the  reniform  does  not  enclose  the  spot  but,  fol- 
lowed by  an  inner  pale  shade,  runs  upwardly  to  vein  5,  beyond  the  cell,  and  is 
continued  straightly  outwardly,  giving  the  spot  an  uncinate  appearance  or 
that  of  a  mark  of  interrogation.  T.  p.  line  nearly  lost,  indicated  by  little  points, 
visible  against  the  cinereous  costal  shading.  A  black  streak  below  m.  nervure 
at  the  base  of  the  wing.  A  series  of  black  interspaceal  subterminal  dashes 
and  whitish  dentated  shades  border  the  veins  terminally,  becoming  pointed  at 
the  fringes  which  they  interrupt  with  pale  dots.  Beneath,  pale,  powdered  with 
carneous,  with  faint  discal  dots  and  diffuse  but  little  darker  borders  in  the  male, 
hardly  expressed  on  the  paler  hind  wing.  No  distinct  common  subterminal 
line.  Hind  wings  above  testaceous  fuscous,  with  broad  diffuse  darker  borders 
and  reduced  dot.  Thorax  cinereous,  with  an  attenuate  median  and  an  upper 
marginal  line  on  the  collar.  Guen6e  says  :  "  Une  seule  ligne  noire,  fine,  sur  le 
collier." 

Expanse,  32  to  35  m.  m.     Iluhitat,  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

The  sexes  do  not,  perhaps,  differ,  but  there  is  a  variation  in  the 
distinctness  of  the  marginal  shades  on  the  fore  wings. 

The  species  described  below  are  to  be  distinguished  at  once  from 
our  only  one  hitherto  noticed,  by  the  shape  of  the  reniform  spot 
which  is,  so  to  speak,  reversed  in  appearance,  has  not  the  outward 
inferior  prolongation  but  an  upward  and  inward  V-shaped  exten- 
sion. Beneath  there  is  less  carneous  shading,  no  or  little  trace  of 
bordering  bands,  but  a  single  continued  finely  uiidulafe  subterminal 
line  crosses  both  pair  of  wings  and  is  emphasized  uii  tlie  veins  by 
darker  dots. 


84 


Cloantlia  evictaj  Orote,  Plate  2,  fig.  18,  primary  wing. 

5  . — ^Color  of  the  preceding  but  without  the  brown  shading  over  m.  ncrvules 
or  the  paler  subcostal  shade.  More  uniformly  gray,  shaded  with  pale  testaceous 
brownish,  with  all  the  transverse  markings  more  distinct.  The  geminate 
transverse  posterior  line  is  well  expressed  by  a  subcontinuous  inner  dark  line 
and  a  succeeding  pale  shade.  The  veins  are  picked  out  by  dark  scales.  A 
basal  whitish  subcostal  fleck  and  black  submedian  streak.  Ordinary  lines 
marked  on  costal  edge.  T,  a.  line  discernible,  outwardly  oblique,  approximating 
to  t.  p.  line  toward  internal  margin.  Reniform  testaceous  with  faint  marginal 
line,  with  an  upward  and  inward  extension  which  may  be  the  fusion  of  the 
orbicular  but  which  gives  the  appearance  of  a  large  compound  spot  notched 
superiorly.  Terminal  space  testaceous  brownish,  interrupted  by  longitudinal 
pale  dashes  on  either  side  of  vein  3.  A  terminal  dark  line  forming  inter- 
spaceal  cuneiform  marks.  Secondaries  much  as  in  ramosula;  the  veins  are 
marked  with  darker  scales  and  the  common  line  of  the  under-surface  is  here 
reflected.  Beneath  whitish  gray  of  a  warm  tint,  powdered  sparsely  with  dark 
scales ;  no  borders  but  distinct  discal  dots  and  finely  dentate  continued  subter- 
minal  line  on  both  wings.  Collar  whitish  gray,  without  middle  line,  but  with 
an  upper  marginal  distinct  black  line  which  separates  the  darker  discolorous 
tegulae. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.    Habitat,  New  York  State. 

In  both  this  and  the  succeeding  species  the  head  is  larger,  the  eyes 
more  prominent,  and  the  palpi  longer  than  in  C.  ramosula. 


Cloantlia  Tomeriiiaj  Orote,  Plate  2,  fig.  17,  primary  wing. 

3  . — This  is  best  described  comparatively.  There  are  no  traces,  or  these  are 
but  extremely  illegible,  of  the  transverse  lines  ;  their  absence  gives  the  fore 
wings  a  resemblance  to  those  of  C.  ramosula.  The  reniform  spot  is  shaped 
as  in  C.  evicta,  but  very  distinct,  owing  to  its  being  distinctly  black  margined. 
The  whitish  sub-costal  fleck  of  C.  evicta  is  here  more  diffuse  and  extended  and 
touches  the  shoulder  of  the  thorax.  A  heavy  difTuse  brown  black  shade 
extends  over  all  the  inferior  portion  of  the  wing,  outwardly  running  obliquely 
upwardly  to  apex  and  covering  terminal  space.  White  linear  shadings  along 
veins  3  and  4  on  terminal  space,  and  thus  a  tendency  to  have  these  pale 
shadings  accompany  all  the  nervules  is  exposed,  but  in  both  the  new  species 
these  shadings  Tu.n  parallel  with  the  veins.  Collar  pale  without  median  line 
but  with  an  upper  marginal  line  against  the  blackish  tegulae.  On  the  front, 
before  the  antennal  insertion,  I  notice  a  gathering  of  the  scales  into  two 
slight  lateral  black  tufts,  not  apparent  in  C.  evicta.  Beneath  much  as  in  G. 
evicta;  the  palpi  outwardly  are  blackish. 


Eypanse,  3G  m.  in.     Ifabilat,  New  York  State. 


85 

Appears  to  be  a  larger  species  than  the  others,  and  at  first  sigl)t 
to  differ  strongly.  It  is,  however,  very  nearly  allied  to  C.  evicta,  but 
I  know  of  no  parallel  in  the  genus  that  would  excuse  the  reference 
of  both  under  one  name. 


Litogiiatliaj^ '  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Head  with  the  scales  extended  tuftedly  forwards  on  the  vertex 
between  the  antennae.  Male  antennae  with  strongly  setose  pectinations  aa 
well  as  bristles  on  either  side  of  the  antennal  stem  ;  along  the  basal  third 
tlie  pectinations  are  reduced,  and  subobsolete  on  the  inside,  somewhat  gradu- 
ally becoming  more  apparent  towards  a  point  about  one  third  from  the  base, 
where  they  seem  to  be  massed,  giving  the  stem  a  tufted  or  thickened  appear- 
ance  at  this  point ;  thus  the  antennae  differ  from  the  simply  bristled  structure 
presented  in  Pityolita.  Labial  pulpi  very  long  and  compressed  with  appressed 
squamation.  Second  joint  nearly  as  long  as  in  Philometra,  but  more  bent ; 
third  joint  very  long,  about  half  as  long  as  the  second.  Male  fore  legs  with 
slender  curved  tibiae  and  a  sparse  brush  of  long  hair.  [The  appearance  of 
the  fore  legs  reminds  me  of  the  representation  by  Poey  of  Mastigophora.] 
Abdomen  linear,  notably  long,  exceeding  the  hind  wings  by  about  a  fourth 
of  its  length.  Female  antennae  simple,  the  setal  hairs  obsolete  over  the  basal 
portion  of  the  stem,  impectinate,  without  nodosity  ;  palpi  a  little  shorter  and 
more  curved  than  in  the  opposite  sex. 

One  of  the  genera  allied  to  Zanclognatha.  In  the  type,  L.  nubil- 
ifascia,  the  form  of  the  transverse  posterior  line  is  unusual.  Both 
the  species  I  here  include  are  slight  and  L.  litophora  reminds  me 
strongly  of  Pityolita  in  ornamentation,  but  may  be  readily  sepa- 
rated on  structural  characters.  As  yet  I  have  been  unable  to  make 
neurational  examinations. 


Litognatha  nubili fascia,  Grote,  Plate  2,  Fig.  3  <? ,  $2. 

Gray  dusted  with  olivaceous,  paler  than  Pityolita  pedipillalis.  Transverse 
anterior  line  indistinct.  Reniform  indicated  by  dots  at  extremity  of  cell. 
Transverse  posterior  line  oblique,  a  little  uneven,  not  projected  opposite  the 
cell  as  usual,  but  very  slightly  outwardly  inflected  at  costa  and  preceded  by 
a  distinct,  diffuse  olivaceous  shade  and  marked  outwardly  by  a  pale  line. 
Subtcrmiual  line  equally,  and  thus  unusually  distinct,  similar  to  the  t.  p.  line 
in  appearance,  less  oblique.  A  narrow,  distinct,  continued  marginal  line. 
Secondaries  a  little  paler  than  primaries  with  the  outer  lines  of  the  primaries 

'  +  (Jr.  :  7iro<;  et  )  ivn'^of. 


86 

here  continued.     Beneath,  with  the  lines  repeated,  on  secondaries  a  discal  dot. 
A  5  primary  wing  measures  12  m.  m.  along  costa. 

Habitat,  Philadelphia;  Buffalo,  Oleau,  Albauy,  N.  Y.  (3G29, 
coll.  Lintner). 

The  imago  flies  in  June  and  July  in  company  with  Philometra 
on  low  grounds  in  herbage.  Fresh  specimens  are  deeper  colored,  as 
the  active  moth  readily  loses  its  scales  by  attrition. 


Litognatha  litophora,  Orote. 

3  ?  . — Of  the  usual  pale  gray  color,  but  powdered  with  brown  scales,  not 
olivaceous,  as  in  Pityolita  or  ochraceous  as  is  more  usual  in  Zanclognatha. 
The  transverse  posterior  line  has  the  same  shape  as  in  Pityolita,  but  it  is 
dark  irown,  and  is  continued  with  nearly  the  same  distinctness  across  the 
secondaries  which  are  concolorous.  Subterminal  shade  faint  on  both  wings. 
Terminal  line  very  distinct,  dark  brown,  fine  and  subcontinuous.  Fringes 
soiled  with  brownish.  Beneath,  the  wings  are  darker  than  above.  The  t.  p. 
line  is  reproduced  with  great  distinctness  across  both  wings.  A  primary 
wing  measures  12  m.  m.  along  the  costal  edge. 

Hahitat,  Philadelphia;  Albany  (  5  ,  2535,  Lintner  legit). 


Meghypena,  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Labial  palpi  very  long,  as  long  as  the  thorax  ;  third  joint  small, 
porrected,  second  very  long,  a  little  excavate  beneath,  projected  straightly 
forwards.  Primaries  wide,  swelled  at  the  shoulder,  depressed  medially,  rising 
to  the  acute  apices  below  which  the  external  margin  recedes,  rising  again 
opposite  the  median  nervules  ;  internal  margin  straight. 

This  genus  differs  from  Macrhyjiena  in  the  much  longer  palpi 
and  acute  apices  of  the  primaries.  The  Avings  are  unusually  ample 
yet  proportionate,  hence  differing  from  Plathypena  with  its  wide 
secondaries  and  narrow  primaries.  The  propinquity  of  the  median 
lines  is  noticeable.  The  species  are  recognisable  from  the  irrorate 
character  of  the  ornamentation.  Beneath,  on  the  secondaries,  this 
is  quite  noticeable,  the  discontinued  darker  streaklets  reminding  us 
of  some  Geometridae  quite  strongly.  My  material  is  limited  to 
single  specimens  of  either  species. 


87 


Meglijpeiin  vellfcni,  Orote,  plate  2,  fig  7  $  . 

The  ground  color,  which  obtains  over  the  basal  and  terminal  fielda  of  the 
fore  wings,  ia  pale  ochrey,  covered  with  dark  etrigae  as  in  the  Geometrid  genus 
Endropia.  These  marks  are  visible  all  along  the  costa.  On  the  internal  mar- 
gin at  extreme  base  the  wing  shows  a  dark  shade.  The  first  of  the  median 
lines  is  outwardly  acutely  projected  on  the  median  nervure,  below  which 
it  runs  evenly  inwardly  to  internal  margin.  Above  that  point  it  runs 
inversely  to  costa,  being  inwardly  dentate  below  costal  nervure.  The  median 
space  is  purply  blackish  with  the  ordinary  spots  black  and  distinct.  The 
median  lines  show  accompanying  deep  brownish  shades  on  the  median  space 
that  meet  centrally  below  the  median  nervure.  Outer  median  line  even, 
like  the  inner  lino  in  appearance,  bent  at  median  nervure  and  running 
inwardly  below  it  to  internal  margin.  Subterminal  line  consisting  of  an 
undulating  series  of  clouded  blackish  spots  tipped  outwardly  by  white  scales. 
A  large  diffuse  brown  shade  lies  on  external  margin  below  the  apices,  obliquely 
margined  superiorly.  Terminal  line  dark,  interrupted.  Hind  wings  fuscous, 
without  iharkiugs,  with  a  dark  suboontinuous  terminal  line,  and  with  the 
discal  mark  and  strigae  of  the  uuder-surface  reflected ;  fringes  stained  with 
ochreous.     A  primary  wing  measures  20  m.  m.  along  the  costa. 

Habitat,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y.  (0.  Meske  coll.) 


Meghypeiia  leiitiginosa,  Orote. 

i  . — Resembles  the  preceding  species  strongly  in  ornamentation  but  not 
in  color.  The  primaries  are  fuscous,  but  little  darker  than  the  secondaries. 
The  median  space  does  not  contrast,  but  dark  brown  shades  line  the  median 
lines  and  extend  centrally  below  the  median  nervure  as  in  M.  velifera.  The 
ordinary  spots  have  the  same  representation.  None  of  the  usual  markings 
contrast  on  the  primaries  in  this  duller-hued  species  which  seems  to  exceed 
M.  velifera  in  size,  while  agreeing  with  it  in  the  details  of  the  ornamentation, 
and  especially  that,  on  the  fore  wings  beneath,  the  simple  more  prominent 
black  dot  followed  by  whitish  scales,  below  the  costa,  and  which  inaugurates 
the  obsolete  subterminal  line,  is  quite  evident.  Bearing  in  mind  the  varia- 
bility of  Zanclognatha  laevigata,  Grote,  and  Eenia  discoloralis,  Giienee,  the 
union  of  the  two  species  I  here  declare  seems  probable,  and  yet  the  effect 
produced  on  my  mind  by  the  specimens  I  have  now  under  consideration,  is 
that  of  having  to  do  with  two  distinct  species.  It  seems  unlikely  that  the 
bright-hued  M.  velifera  with  the  pale  ochrey  ground  color  of  the  primaries 
should  be  specifically  identical  with  the  sombre-hued  M.  lentiginosa,  which 
recalls  in  appearance  the  species  of  Macrhypena.  A  primary  wing  of  M.  lent- 
iginosa measures  22  m.  m.  along  the  costal  region. 

Habitat,  Albany,  N.  Y.  (2339,  coll.  Lintner). 


88 


Family  OEOMETRIDAE. 

Fidouia  fimetariaj  Qrote  aud  Eobinson. 

Fidonia  fimetaria,  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.,  Soc.  Vol.  3,  p.  181, 
Plate  2,  figs.  84-85  3  ,  86  ?  ,  1870. 

Fidonia  halesaria,  Zeller,  Beitr.  z.  Kennt.  nordam,  Naclitf.,  erste 
Abth.  p.  43  (488)  1873. 

Tliis  species  is  from  Texas,  and  represents,  as  we  stated,  the 
European  Fidonia  fiisciolaria  in  our  Fauna.  Our  comparative 
remarks  are  so  accurately  repeated  in  the  course  of  Professor  Zel- 
ler's  full  descrijition,  that  it  is  to  be  regretted  the  Professor  had 
evidently  not  seen  our  illustration  of  the  North  American  species. 

I  am  indebted  to  Professor  Hageu,  of  Cambridge,  for  a  copy  of 
the  first  part  of  Professor  Zeller's  writings  on  North  American 
Moths,  received  by  me  while  engaged  on  the  present  article. 


Family  PYRALIDAE. 

Botis  iiitimacnia. 

Asopia  unimactda,  G.  &.  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  1,  p.  14, 
Plate  3,  fig.  8. 

Hahitat,  Brewsters,  N.  Y.  (coll.  C.  T.  Eobinson).  I  am  inclined 
to  refer  this  species  to  the  present  genus,  and  to  place  it  near  Botis 
plectilis,  Grote  and  Robinson.  I  accept  Professor  Zeller's  corrected 
Avriting  of  the  generic  name. 


Botis  badipenuis,  Grote,  Plate  2,  fig.  13  $  . 

3  $  . — Palpi  ratlicr  long  and  narrow,  projected,  a  little  dependent,  not  por- 
rected.  Chestnut  brown,  varying  in  depth  of  tint.  Ornamentation  simple. 
On  the  primaries  there  is  a  continued  blackish  slightly  arcuate  transverse 
anterior  line,  distinct,  slightly  notched  before  internal  margin,  and  more  deeply 
inwardly  on  costa  where  the  line  is  narrower.  A  large  diifuse  blackish  stain 
suffuses  the  discal  reniform  spot,  extending  downwards  below  median  nervure. 


Transverse  posterior  line  blackish,  well  removed  towards  external  margin 
leaving  the  middle  field  of  the  wing  wide.  It  differs  by  running  nearly 
straightly  downwards  from  its  inception  wliich  takes  place  nearer  the  apices 
than  usual.  It  is  minutely  undulate  or  subdentate  to  vein  2,  below  which 
it  is  inwardly  arcuate,  and  nearly  even  to  internal  margin.  A  very  fine 
continuous  line  margins  the  wing.  Fringes  concolorous.  Secondaries  paler, 
somewhat  testaceous,  clouded  faintly  centrally  with  blackish.  A  single 
continued  narrow  blackish  line,  continuous  with  the  transverse  posterior 
line  of  the  primaries,  crosses  the  wing.  It  is  minutely  undulate  and  becomes 
irregularly  rivulous  inferiorly.  The  external  margin  and  fringes  are  more 
or  less  stained  with  light  brown,  and  colored  like  the  fore  wings.  A  similar 
fine  marginal  line  borders  the  wing.  Body  parts  concolorous  with  primaries. 
Beneath  a  little  paler  and  duller  tinted.  A  faint  discal  streak  on  primaries^ 
none  apparent  on  the  hind  wings.  A  common  exterior  distinct  blackish 
transverse  line,  which,  on  the  hind  wings,  is  better  marked,  and  not  so  irreg- 
ularly rivulous  inferiorly  as  its  analogue  on  the  upper   surface. 

Expanse,  22  to  24  m.  m.     Habitat,  Maine ;  White  Mountains,  New 
Hampshire  (coll.  Prof.  A.  S.  Packard,  Jr.). 


Eurycreou  cliortalis,  Orote,  Plate  5,  fig.  13  3  . 

,?  2  . — Head  with  a  frontal  projection.  Palpi  short.  Fore  wings  with  the 
costal  edge  somewhat  convex  and  with  the  apices  depressedly  acuminate. 
Pale  testaceous  much  shaded  with  gray,  varying  in  depth  of  tint  and  dis- 
tinctness of  markings.  Fore  wings  testaceous,  dusted  with  gray.  The  veins 
marked  with  dusky  scales  colored  like  the  lines.  Discal  dots  and  two  inner 
transverse  lines  difficult  to  make  out.  Transverse  posterior  line  evident, 
acutely  dentate  on  interspaces,  continued.  Subterminal  line  similar  but 
more  even  and  equally  apparent,  becoming  a  little  diffuse  at  apices.  A  nar- 
row terminal  line.  Fringes  concolorous,  with  dark  lines,  of  which  the 
inner  is  sometimes  interru])t<'d.  Hind  wings  white,  with  a  more  or  less 
continued  and  expressed  blackish  transverse  line  running  at  variance  with 
the  more  distinct  diffuse  black  serrulate  subterminal  band  which  widens  to 
apices  and  becomes  narrow  and  obliterate  toward  anal  angle.  The  narrow 
terminal  space  between  this  band  and  the  margin  is  stained  with  testaceous ; 
a  continued  terminal  line.  Fringes  whitish  outwardly,  dark  near  the  wing, 
with  the  inner  line  apparent.  Both  the  apices  of  the  fore  and  hind  wings 
are,  in  one  specimen,  touched  with  ochreous.  Beneath  more  dusky,  but  like 
upper  surface,  all  the  markings  are  repeated,  veins  dusky  ;  on  liind  wings 
there  is  a  discal  liture,  and  the  inner  transverse  line  is  seen  to  run  inwardly 
opposite  the  discal  streak.      The   wings  are  suboi)alescent  and   diajihanous. 

nUL.  BUF.   SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (12)  jri.T,   1S7.'j. 


90 

Body  concolorous  ;  apparently  the  caputal  squamation  is  subochreous ;  abdo- 
men wliitisli  above,  more  dusky  beneath ;    legs  dusky  inwardly. 

Expanse  24  to  26,  m.  m.  Ilahitat,  Albany,  N.  Y.  (coll.  J.  A. 
Lintner) ;  Mass.  in  May  (coll.  Prof.  K,  S.  Packard,  Jr.) ;  Alabama 
(Grote  legit.). 


Family  TORTRICIDAE. 

Phaecasiopliora,'^  n.  g. 

Differs  from  any  known  Tortricidian  genus  by  the  structnre  of 
the  male  hind  tibiae.  In  Penthina  the  tibiae  have  a  tuft  of  hairs 
lying  in  a  depression  on  the  surface  of  the  joint.  In  Phaecasiophora 
the  joint  is  covered  with  long  and  coarse  scales  standing  out  from 
it-  and,  in  imitahilana,  from  their  white  color,  giving  the  tibiae 
the  appearance  of  being  wrapped  in  wool  or  cotton  (Plate  2, 
fig.  6).  The  form  is  robust,  the  abdomen  notably  long.  The 
palpi  are  porrect,  coarsely  scaled,  with  small  third  joint.  The  pri- 
maries are  rather  broad  with  iiarallcl  margins,  12-veined,  all  the 
veins  separate  (Plate  2,  fig.  ha).  Hind  wings  8-veined,  cell  closed 
by  an  aborted  veinlet,  3  and  4  from  one  point,  5  immediately  ap- 
proximate (Plate  2,  fig.  bh). 


Pliaecasiopliora   mutabilana.     Plate  2,  fig.  4  9  ,  5  neuration,  6  $  hind  leg. 

Sericoris  mutahilmia,  Clemens,  Proc.  E.  S.  Phil.,  Vol.  5,  p.  135  (18G5). 

S  5  . — Variable  in  color,  either  wood-brown  or  of  an  ochrey  reddish  tint. 
Primaries  crossed  by  three  darker,  broad,  bent,  sinuously  edged  bands  not 
attaining  internal  margin,  with  paler  interspaces  medially  traversed  by  darker 
shade  lines.  On  the  middle  band  at  its  outer  edge,  about  the  extremity  of  the 
cell,  is  an  ill  defined  whitish  spot.     Between  the  middle  and  outer  dark  bands 

**  Gr.:  (patKaaiov  et  (pipa.  Kraftig  gebaut  mit  verhaltnissmassig  langem  starkem  Hinter- 
leib.  Von  alien  mir  bokannten  CJattiingen  diesev  Zunft  durch  die  im  mannlichen  Geschlechte 
grob,  lang  and  lierauf  beschuppten  Hinterscliienen  verschieden  (Tafel  2,  fig.  6).  Durcb  die 
weisse  Farbe  orscbeinon  die  Uintcrscbieneii  bei  mutubi/ana  i  wie  mit  W^olle  unbuilt.  Vorder- 
fliigel  brcit  mit  kauni  bervortretender  Spitze  und  Pentbinen— artigen  Zeichnung,  auf  dem 
Mittelfelde  ein  weislicher  Punkt;  12  Rippen,  alle  gesondert,  3  und  4  nicbt  aus  einen  Punkte 
entspringend,Theilungs  Rippe  unvollkommon  (Tafel  2,  fig.  ."ia).  Rinterlliigcl  mit  glcich  niassig 
langun  Franson  ;  8  Rippen,  3  und  4  aus  eincm  I'unkte,  5  glejch  dahinler  ;  Tbcilungs  Kippe  fadeu- 
formig,  aber  fortgesetzt  (Tafel  2,  flg.  .56). 


91 

the  narrower  interspace  is  Y-shaped  towards  internal  angle,  enclosing  by  the 
inverted  limbs  a  dark  spot.  A  series  of  costal  ante-apical  dark  dots.  Tlic 
obrKjue  outer  band  encloses  a  paler  ill  defined  space  on  external  margin  above 
the  angle.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous  with  pale  fringes.  Beneath  paler,  with 
the  central  portion  of  the  fore  wings  fuscous. 

IIaM(ai,'Ne^Y  York;  Pennsylvania;  Virginia. 


Pliaocasiophora  ?  niveiguttaiia,  Grote.    Plate  3,  fig.  15  ?  primary  wing. 

Although  I  only  know  the  female  of  this  species,  there  seems  but  little 
doubt  that  it  belongs  here,  since  it  agrees  in  all  apparent  characters  with 
mutahilana  9  •  The  ornamentation  is  so  similar  that  it  is  best  described  com- 
paratively. Bright  ochreous,  the  darker  markings  reddish  brown.  The 
darker  bands  are  more  attenuate,  sinuous,  defined  by  blackish  scales,  distinct. 
Two  blackish  streaks  at  the  base  of  the  wing  are  quite  evident,  whereas  in 
mutdbilana  there  are  but  faint  indications  of  their  presence.  The  shape 
of  the  external  margin  of  the  first  transverse  band  is  diiFerent ;  it  is  acutely 
projected  about  the  subcostal  nervure,  lunulate  beneath.  The  white  discal 
spot  on  the  middle  band  is  clear,  distinct  and  defined ;  there  is  a  black  dot  (on 
the  succeeding  pale  interspace)  which,  owing  to  the  outward  angulation  of  the 
middle  band  where  it  encloses  the  white  discal  spot,  appears  above  this  latter 
on  the  costal  region.  The  outer  band  is  like  an  inverted  Y,  owing  to  its  nar- 
rower shape,  and  the  limba  being  more  distinctly  expressed  by  the  greater 
extent  of  the  pale  spot  on  external  margin  above  the  angle  which  they 
enclose.  Costal  pale  and  dark  dots  distinct  and  evident.  Diflers  notably  from 
mutahilana  by  the  presence  of  two  white  apical  streaks,  the  one,  shorter, 
before  the  apex,  the  other  longer,  below  it  and  attaining  the  extremity  of  the 
upper  limb  of  the  Y-shaped  outer  band  on  external  margin.  Hind  wings 
fuscous.  Beneath  both  pair  are  pale  fuscous,  darker  than  in  mutabilaiia,  with 
distinct  costal  striations. 

Hahitat,  Pennsylvania, 


Penthiua  Blakeana,  Bobinson,  Plate  2,  fig.  8,  primary  wing. 

Head  and  thorax  brownish  ;  primaries  with  a  large  brown  basal  patch,  much 
as  in  fasciatana  {Clemens),  from  which  this  species  differs  by  the  twice  broader 
whitish  succeeding  interspace  which  has  a  faint  pink  hue,  and  by  its  width 
narrows  the  median  dark  brown  oblique  continuous  band  of  the  wing  which  is 
toothed  outwardly  at  the  center.  Costal  points  distinct ;  the  apical  darker 
shading  is  reduced  and  limited  by  a  curved  shade  line.  Hind  wings  fuscous 
with  pale  fringes.  Fore  wings  with  the  fringes  tipped  with  dark  scales  to 
about  the  middle  of  external  margin. 

Habitat,  Pennsylvania  (C.  A.  Blaki'). 


92 

Penthina  matutina;  Orote,  Plate  2,  fig.  9,  primary  wing. 

White.  Head  and  thorax  whitish.  Primaries  whitish  with  scattered  dark 
scales  ;  basal  patch  incomplete  superiorly  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  with 
scattered  dark  costal  scales.  Middle  brownish  band  continued  with  distinct 
edges  marked  by  blackish  scales.  The  succeeding  whitish  underspace  is  con- 
tracted medially  by  the  more  diffuse  apical  clouding  which  extends  beyond 
the  curved  line.  Costal  marks  minute.  Beneath  fuscous  with  whitish  costal 
edge  and  more  distinct  regularly  divaricate  dark  streaks. 

Habitat,  Texas  {Belfrage,  ^'/^). 

I  have  only  a  single  specimen  in  which  the  secondaries  are  defec- 
tive, biit  the  species  is  quite  distinct  from  Blakeana,  which  it 
resembles. 


Penthina  toreuta,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  10,  $, . 

I  refer  this  very  distinctly  marked  and  easily  distinguished  species  with 
gome  heoitation  to  the  present  genus.  Uniformly  dark  silky  wood  brovvu. 
The  primaries  are  crossed  centrally  by  two  parallel  slightly  arcuate  livid  raised 
metallic  lines.  Three  costo-apical  pale  dots  supported  by  metallic  drops,  the 
tliird  surmounting  the  narrower  metallic  terminal  line  which  is  interrupted  on 
subniediau  interspace  ;  fringes  burnished.  Under  the  glass  the  squamation  is 
seen  to  consist  of  dark  scales  with  paler  overlying  tips.  Hind  wings  fuscous 
with  pale  fringes.  Beneath  paler,  silky;  fore  wings  with  an  ochreous  stain, 
pale  costal  streaks  and  a  faint  even  pale  terminal  shade  on  the  margin  fol- 
lowed by  a  dark  hair  line. 

Hahitat,  Pennsylvania. 


(xrapholitlia  distema,  Qrotc 

A  tiny  blackish  silky  species  resembling  the  European  compositella,  but 
with  only  two  white  lines  on  the  internal  margin  of  the  primaries.  Eight 
white  costal  marks  disposed  in  pairs,  crowded  towards  the  black  apices  and 
becoming  straighter  and  shorter ;  the  first  pair  more  oblique  and  divaricate. 
A  silvery  subterminal  streak  runs  from  opposite  the  cell  over  the  median 
nervules  tapering  to  internal  angle.  Secondaries  fuscous  with  pale  fringes. 
Beneath  iridescent,  greenish  in  certain  lights,  with  minute  white  costal  dots 
over  the  outer  half  of  the  wing.     Body  scales  beneath  whitish. 


Ilahitat,  New  York ;  Pennsylvania. 


93 


Family  TINEIDAE. 

Oeta  g-cmmata,  Grote. 

Among  a  collection  of  Lepidoptera  received  by  the  American 
Entomological  Society  from  Professor  Poey,  of  Havana.,  and  which 
collection  has  been  the  subject  of  several  papers"  in  the  Proceedings 
of  that  Society,  is  a  specimen  in  excellent  conservation,  bearing  the 
number  821,  and  belonging  to  the  genus  Oeta,  Grote.  This  little 
moth  is  of  a  most  brilliant  golden  orange,  and  the  markings  of  the 
fore  wings  are  similar  to  those  of  our  United  States  Oeta  compta 
Clemens  sp.  (  =  Deiopeia  aurea  Fitch,  as  suggested,  probably  correctly, 
by  Mr.  Stretch).  It  is  one-third  smaller  than  our  species.  There 
are,  as  usual,  four  bands  composed  of  white  dots  on  a  blackish 
ground,  but  here  the  dots  are  smaller  and  linear,  appearing  as  inter- 
rupted streaks  and  allowing  the  darker  ground  color  of  the  bands 
to  obtain.  But  the  bands  themselves  are  narrower  in  0.  gemmata, 
so  that  the  golden  appearance  of  the  wings  is  much  less  interrupted 
than  in  0.  compta.  The  third  band  is  furcate  before  costa,  while 
the  fourth,  covering  internal  angle,  is  not  connected  with  the  outer 
limb  of  the  apical  furcation,  as  in  0.  compta.  The  hind  wings  are 
smoky  hyaline,  becoming  darker  exteriorly.  The  smoky  abdomen 
has  a  bluish  reflection.  The  legs,  palpi  and  face  are  dark  with  white 
points.  The  basal  joint  of  the  fore  legs  is  golden  outwardly. 
Altogether,  this  is  a  narrower  insect  that  0.  compta,  and  very  evi- 
dently a  smaller  species.  The  Cuban  specimen  expands  23  m.  m., 
while  the  fore  wings  at  their  greatest  breadth  near  the  external  mar- 
.gin  measure  3  millemetres. 

Professor  Zeller  characterizes  Oeta  punctella  {Cramer)  compara- 
tively with  0.  compta,  in  the  Stettiner  Entomologische  Zeitung,  p. 
178,  1871.  Cramer  describes  his  species  from  Surinam,  while  Pro- 
fessor Zeller  seems  to  hesitate  to  regard  his  So.  American  specimens 
as  belonging  to  a  distinct  species  from  our  United  States  0.  compta. 

>6  Gro^«— Notes  on  the  Sphingidae  of  Cuba,  Proc.  E.  S.  Phil.,  Vol.  5,  pp.  33-84.  1805;  Notes 
on  the  Bombycidae  of  Cuba,  id.,  pp.  227-255;  Notes  on  the  Zygaenidao  of  Cuba,  id..  Vol.  f>, 
pp.  173-189,  and  pp.  297-334,  1806-7;  List  of  the  Sphingidae,  Aegeriadae,  Zygaenidae  and 
Bombycidae  of  Cuba,  Trans.  Am.  Eiit.  Soc,  Vol.  3,  pp.  183-188,  October,  1870. 


94 

The  Professor  has  not  compared  Cramer's  figure,  which  seems  to  me 
to  bear  out  the  Professor's  description  in  having  much  less  yellow 
and  being  blacker  on  the  primaries.  Wliile  Cramer's  figure  but  indif- 
ferently recalls  0.  compta,  it  cannot  possibly  represent  0.  gemmata. 
Had  Cramer  drawn  our  new  Cuban  species  we  might  expect  a  splash 
of  gold  color  to  have  represented  the  fore  wings  instead  of  the  dark 
dotted  appearance  of  these  in  the  figure  of  0.  punctella,  judging 
from  his  known  rough  manner  of  illustration.  But  we  probably 
have  to  do  with  three  species,  whereof  0.  compta  from  North,  is 
a  near  ally  of  0.  punctella  from  South  America,  wliile  our  insular 
0.  gemmata  is  far  prettier,  smaller  and  brighter  than  either. 


9; 


VII.    A  Study  of  North  American  Noctuidae 

BY    AUO.    R.    GROTE. 
[Head  before  this  Society,  July  2d,  1873.] 

In  fho  present  Piipcr  I  have  continued  my  observations  on  the 
North  Amei-ican  Noctuidae,  preliminary  to  tlie  publication  of  a 
List  of  the  species  Tipon  which  I  have  been  for  some  time  at  Avork. 
The  species,  referred  by  M.  Guenee  to  Iladena  and  Mamestra,  I 
have  now  examined  for  the  first  time,  with  a  view  of  testing  the 
generic  determinations  of  the  celebrated  French  entomologist.  I 
have  found  on  a  near  study,  that  these  species  are  not  generically 
separable  on  the  characters  laid  down  in  the  8])ecies  General,  and  Avhy 
certain  of  the  species  are  in  tliat  work  referred  to  Mamestra  instead 
of  Hadena,  or  the  reverse,  I  have  been  unable  to  understand. 

I  have  then  changed  a  number  of  M.  Gueuee's  generic  determina- 
tions and  have  suppressed  certain  genera  where  I  have  become  sat- 
isfied that  the  distinctions  are  not  valid.  It  is  difficult  for  the 
American  student  at  first  to  study  this  Group  without  the  preju- 
dices he  involuntarily  entertains  from  the  works  of  those  English 
and  French  authors,  in  which  alone  he  finds  our  species  described. 
It  is  impossible  to  arrive  at  any  critical  views  on  tlie  subject  withont 
a  study  of  certain  German  authorities,  with  whose  generic  concep- 
tions, but  more  especially  with  whose  manner  of  zoological  thought, 
we  have  not  been  sufficiently  familiar.  It  will  be  of  no  use  to 
attempt  to  write  upon  our  Moths,  without  a  study  of  the  writings 
of  Lederer,  Zeller  and  Ilerrich-SchaefFer.  To  the  latter  we  owe  an 
appreciation  of  the  characters  offered  by  the  venation  and  its  cor- 
rect terminology;  to  the  former  the  most  conscientious  and  strict 
classification  that  has  yet  been  offered  to  the  student.' 

'  The  student  is  also  referred  to  the  Annales  de  la  Societ6  Entomologique  Beige,  for  a  number 
of  praiseworthy  observations  on  the  Moths,  as  well  as  to  Dr.  Speyer's  work  on  the  geograph- 
ical distribution  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  Germany  and  Switzerland.  The  former  Society  had  the 
honor  of  printing  Lcderer's  last  coniinunication,  "Contributions  a  la  Faune  dcs  LtJpidoplcres 
do  la  Transcaucasie."  I  need  not  say  tliat  tlie  Wiener  Entomologischc  Slonatschrift  is  to  the 
student  of  to-day  what  the  Wiener  Verzeichuiss  was  to  the  student  of  the  last  century,  nor  that 
every  word  written  by  Lederer  will  make  itself  remembered. 


96 

I  take  the  present  occasion  of  thanking  Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead,  of 
New  York,  who  has  sent  me  a  collection  of  Noctnidae  for  study; 
in  the  present  Paper  I  describe  several  new  species  he  has  taken  in 
Colorado.  To  Mr.  J.  A.  Lintncr,  of  the  State  Museum,  I  am  under 
renewed  obligations  for  the  loan  of  material. 


Ag:rotis  aiixiliarisj  Orote. 

3. — Abdomen  flattened;  fore  tibiae  spinose;  form  elongate;  habitus  recalling 
the  European  yellow-winged  species.  Fore  wings  with  distinct  ornamentation. 
Cinereous  along  the  costal  region  and  subterminal  space  ;  blackish,  shaded 
with  carneous  on  the  median  and  basal  spaces.  Basal  half-line  followed  and 
preceded  by  determinate  black  shades;  t.  a.  line  distinctly  geminate,  outer 
line  marked  with  black ;  a  faint  carneous  shade  over  basal  space  inferiorly ; 
claviform  wide,  distinctly  margined  inferiorly,  from  its  extremity  to  sub- 
terminal  line  a  rigid  carneous  shade  borders  vein  2  superiorly ;  orbicular 
cinereous,  decumbent,  irregularly  oval ;  reniform  large,  of  the  usual  shape, 
touching  the  gray  costal  region*  above ;  with  an  attenuated  inner  darker 
annulus,  followed  by  a  faint  carneous  streak  ;  t.  p.  line  regular,  even,  formed 
by  slight  black  lunulate  marks ;  subterminal  line  irregular,  marked  within 
by  two  black  cuneiform  spots  opposite  the  cell  and  others  precede  the  line 
inferiorly ;  terminal  space  dark,  narrow ;  terminal  line  continuous,  black, 
slightly  interspaceally  lunulate ;  fringes  fuscous,  with  an  internal  pale  line. 
Ilind  wings  smoky,  deepening  in  tint  to  external  margin,  without  marks,  sub- 
iridescent  ;  fringes  whitish,  fuscous  at  base  with  a  darker  line.  Beneath,  a 
tuft  of  testaceous  hair  at  base  on  median  vein  of  primaries ;  both  pair  pale, 
subirrorate,  with  a  rather  distinct  common  darker  shaded  line  and  discal 
dots.  Body  ashen,  collar  lined,  abdomen  with  the  anal  and  lateral  hairs 
stained  subcarneously. 

ExiKnue,  45  ni.  in.  Habit  at,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  57). 


AgTotis  repent iSj  Grote  and  Robinson. 

The  transverse  posterior  line  is  regular,  formed  by  little  black  lunulate 
marks,  which  extend  outwardly  along  the  veins  to  the  outer  component  line 
which  is  sometimes  wanting,  but  occasionally  appears  as  an  even  distinct 
shade.  Median  shade  sometimes  distinct  and  ditfuse,  again,  as  in  the  Colorado 
specimen,  improminent.     Fore  tibiae  sjiinose. 

Hahitat.  Allantic  District;  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  33). 


97 


Agrotis  balanitis,  Grote,  Plate  3,  fig.  14,  9  . 

2  . — Resembles  repentis  in  general  appearance,  color,  and  size  ;  fore  wings  a 
little  darker  with  a  pale  costal  reflection  ;  ordinary  lines  blackish,  perpendicular ; 
t.  a.  with  the  outer  component  line  black,  dentate ;  orbicular,  moderate,  a  little 
pointed  outwardly  ;  reniform  incomplete,  both  spots  concolorous,  with  narrow 
black  annuli  and  pale  gray  inner  edging.  Median  shade  apparent  on  the 
median  space  below  the  nervure.  T.  p.  line  irregular,  incompletely  geminate, 
unevenly  dentate,  running  inwardly  below  median  nervure,  and  hence  differ- 
ing from  repentis,  where  it  is  even,  nearly  perpendicular,  and  does  not  run 
in  interiorly.  Subterminal  line  much  as  in  repentis,  preceded  by  a  dark 
shade.  Terminal  line  broken  into  dots ;  fringes  concolorous ;  hind  wings 
pale  smoky,  without  marks  or  border  ;  fringes  whitish,  with  a  faint  interior 
line.  Beneath,  pale,  with  discal  dots,  and  a  common  transverse  line  broken 
into  nervular  marks  on  the  hind  wings. 

Bxjmnse,  40  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Tlieo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  34). 

This  species  offers  a  resemblance  to  Lycarum  H.-S.,  fig.  122. 
Beneath,  the  abdomen,  in  A.  balanitis,  is  laterally  marked  by  a  stig- 
matal  black  line. 


Agrotis  atrifrons,  Orote. 

$  . — Antennae  simple,  scaled,  ciliate,  with  scattered  hairs,  not  bristled 
beneath  ;  ocelli ;  eyes  naked  ;  spurs  short  on  middle  and  hind  tibiae  ;  fore 
tibiae  spinose.  Head  Avith  pale  supra-caputal  vestiture  projected  between 
the  antennae ;  the  clypeal  scales  are  black  and  contrasting.  Collar  with  a 
black  line.  Thorax  above  ashen.  Fore  wings  ashen  shaded  with  reddish 
brown  ;  ornamentation  simple.  Transverse  lines  narrow,  black,  single,  con- 
tinued, t.  p.  line  narrowly  lunulate.  Nervules  marked  terminally  with  dark 
scales.  No  trace  of  the  ordinary  spots.  Median  vein  at  base  marked  with 
blackish  scales.  The  wing  is  shaded  at  base,  above  and  below  the  m.  nervure, 
with  reddish ;  again  diffusely  over  the  discal  cell,  ^.nd  less  obviously  on  the 
median  space  below  the  median  nervure.  Subterminal  space  dark,  shaded 
with  reddish  brown,  and  bringing  the  subterminal  line  into  relief  by  its 
contrast  with  the  purely  pale  ashen  terminal  space.  Hind  wings  white, 
smoky  along  the  hind  border,  and  the  veins  are  also  marked  ;  fringes  white, 
with  a  faint  smoky  interior  line.  Beneath  whitish,  costal  region  of  hind  wings 
irrorate,  no  discal  dots  on  either  surface ;  the  primaries  show  a  faint  discal 
dot,  and  there  is  a  common  blackish  exterior  line  distinctly  marked  on  costal 

BIIL.   BDF.   SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (13)  JULY,   1873. 


98 

region,  discontinued  below  the  dusty  margin  of  tlie  hind  wings.     Labial  palpi 
dark,  third  joint  concealed. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.    Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  32). 


Agrotis  mimallonisj  Orote. 

S  . — Ocelli ;  antennae  long,  bristled  beneath  (borstenformig),  tapering ;  eyes 
naked  ;  head  and  thorax  tliickly  haired,  caputal  squamation  directed  forwards 
between  the  antennae  ;  all  the  tibiae  spinose  ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spurred. 
Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings  dull  purple  red.  Primaries  with  simple  orna- 
mentation. Transverse  lines  obsoletely  geminate,  blackish.  T.  a.  line  twice 
slightly  waved  to  vein  1,  below  which  it  is  outwardly  projected  to  the  margin. 
Orbicular  with  a  blackish  central  dot  alone  apparent.  Eeniform  with  a  luni- 
form  blackish  central  shade  which  is  alone  noticeable.  The  transverse  lines 
are  marked  by  black  scales  on  costal  region.  T.  p.  line  with  its  inner  line 
alone  distinct,  this  is  narrow,  continued,  equally  distinct  throughout  its  length, 
but  little  projected,  regularly  lunulate,  blackish.  Subterminal  line  pale, 
indistinct,  near  the  margin.  Ante-apical  pale  costal  dots.  Blackish  scales 
about  the  veins  on  the  terminal  space  ;  terminal  line  subobsolete ;  fringes 
concolorous.  Hind  wings  pure  white,  dusted  a  little  apically  with  ashen 
scales  and  a  faint  ashen  terminal  line  ;  fringes  white  with  a  faint  middle  line 
more  apparent  apically.  Beneath,  the  hind  wings  are  white,  with  a  discal  dot, 
and  determinately  powdered  with  purple  and  ashen  scales  over  costal  region. 
Fore  wings  fuscous  centrally,  with  the  costal  region  and  terminal  margin 
purplish  ;  a  faint  discal  dot  and  two  exterior  darker  shade  lines.  Feet  and 
tibiae  fuscous,  dotted  with  pale  marks ;  femora  and  thorax  beneath  thickly 
haired,  purple-red.  Thorax  above  without  crests.  Abdomen  pale,  somewhat 
ochreous,  stained  laterally  and  at  the  anus  with  purplish,  somewhat  flattened, 
uutufted. 

Expa7ise,  38  m.  m.  Habitat,  New  York  (coll.  Theo.  L.  Mead, 
No.  117). 


Agrotis  fumalisj  Orote. 

(,  . — Ocelli ;  eyes  naked  ;  antennae  long,  bristled  beneath,  tapering  ;  middle 
and  hind  tibiae  spurred ;  all  the  tibiae  spinose.  Habit  and  ornamentation  of 
violaris.  Dusky  ashen ;  ornamentation  simple.  Fore  wings  with  the  blackish 
t.  a.  line  nearly  jierpendicular,  very  slightly  lunated  and  notched  on  the  cell. 
Median  shade  and  orbicular  obsolete,  lleniforra  a  lunated  blackish  stain.  T.  p. 
line  even,  continued,  a  little  roundedly  exerted  opposite  the  cell,  resembling  that 
of  repentis  in  appearance,  formed  of  regular  small  lunulations  with  the  black- 


99 

ish  scaloa  running  outwardly  to  where  the  outer  component  line  would  bo  if  it 
were  present.  Subtenninal  line  faint,  merely  indicated  by  the  paler  terminal 
space,  preceded  by  a  darker  shading  which  forms  a  determinate  blackish  costal 
shade  before  the  line.  A  pale  line  at  base  of  the  dusky  fringes.  Hind  wings 
dusky,  a  little  paler  and  semi-hyaline  at  base,  nearly  like  the  primaries  in  tint, 
with  no  determinate  border  or  discal  mark  save  by  reflection  from  the  under- 
Burface.  Fringes  with  a  pale  basal  lino.  Beneath  paler,  more  whitish  ;  luni- 
form  discal  mark  on  hind  wings  distinct,  black,  fainter  on  fore  wings.  A  com- 
mon exterior  darker  shade  line  with  faint  traces  of  a  subterminal  shade.  Head 
and  thorax  dusky  ashen  ;  abdomen  concolorous  with  hind  wing.  Feet  and 
tibiae  blackish,  pale  dotted. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.  Ilahifat,  New  York  (coll.  Tlieo.  L.  Mead,  No. 
130). 

Agrotis  4-dentataj  Orote  and  Robinson. 

Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L.  Mead,  No.  G3  5  ). 

Agrotis  subfjotliica,  Haicorth. 

Agrotis  jaculifera,  Guenfie,  p.  2G3,  Plate  5,  fig.  4. 

Habitat,  Atlantic  District;  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  62). 

Agrotis  herilis,  Orote. 

Agrotis  jaculifera,  Guenee  vars.  A.  &  B.  p.  263. 

i  $  . — Resembles  the  foregoing  so  that  a  comparative  description  will  best 
distinguish  it.  Larger  than  suhgothicn,  of  a  purplish  black  color,  and  hence 
much  darker  than  suhgothica,  with  which  it  coincides  in  the  ornamentation  of 
the  primaries  above.  The  t.  a.  line  below  the  median  nervure  is  more  outwardly 
rounded,  less  perpendicular ;  the  prominent  claviform  is  shorter.  The  ordinary 
spots  are  similar  in  the  two  species,  but  the  reniform  is  discolorous  in 
suhgothica,  stained  with  ochreous,  with  a  distinct  internal  ring,  whereas  the 
internal  ring  is  feebly  marked  and  the  spot  is  simply  pale  carneous,  like  the 
orbicular  and  the  pale  nervular  squamation,  in  herilis.  The  t.  p.  line  is  more 
distinct  and  black  in  the  new  species.  Hind  wings  smoky  blackish,  deepening 
in  color  terminally,  not  pale  with  a  hind  border  as  in  suhgothica.  On  the  fore 
wings  above  there  is  a  notable  contrast  between  the  paler  subterminal  space 
and  the  extended  paler  marginings  to  veins  3  and  4  in  suhgothica,  and  the 
obscurely  carneous  coloration  of  the  same  parts  in  the  new  species,  which  latter 
wants  the  decided  prolongation  of  pale  scales  along  the  inferior  veins. 

Expanse,  38  to  43  m.  m.  Habitat,  Atlantic  District ;  of  common 
occurrence.     T  have  taken  this  species  in  Central  Alahanui. 


100 

This  is  the  Agrotis  subgothica  of  American  Agricultural  Publica- 
toins,  such  as  the  1st  Missouri  Report,  page  82,  fig.  29.  It  is  not  the 
Agrotis  subgothica  of  English  writers,  which  is  A.  jaculifera  Guenee. 
Stephen's  figure  of  Agrotis  subgothica,  Plate  22,  fig.  3,  and  descrip- 
tion, page  126,  Haust.  II,  is  decisive.  The  peculiar  discoloration  of 
the  reniform  spot  distinguishes  A.  jaculifera,  and  the  paler  hind 
wings,  greater  extent  of  pallid  shades  on  the  fore  wings  and  smaller 
size  are  characteristic  and  are  all  well  rendered  by  Stephen's  illus- 
tration. When  I  was  in  France,  M.  Guenee  stated  to  me  that 
he  had  discovered  the  fact,  that  his  Agrotis  jaculifera  was  the  same 
as  the  Agrotis  subgothica  of  English  writers,  and  also  that  he 
believed  that  the  form  now  described  as  Agrotis  herilis  was  a  dis- 
tinct species ;  the  latter  contrary  to  the  statement  made  in  the 
Species  General.  Agrotis  subgothica  is  figured  on  Plate  1,  fig.  11, 
in  the  1st  Missouri  Report  correctly,  but  under  its  synonym  of 
Agrotis  jaculifera,  which  latter  name  I  retained  for  the  species  in 
determining  the  Noctuidae  of  the  collection  of  the  American 
Entomological  Society,  whence  Mr.  Riley  received  his  determination. 
I  was  not  then  able  to  examine  the  English  authors,  who  first 
noticed  our  species  from  specimens  accidentally  introduced  into  their 
country.  Mr.  Riley's  figures  of  A.  herilis,  above  cited,  have  been 
copied,  with  the  erroneous  determination,  by  Eastern  writers. 


Agrotis  sexatilisj  Orote. 

5  ?  . — Ocelli ;  eyes  naked ;  all  the  tibiae  spinose  ;  middle  tibiae  witli  one, 
hind  tibiae  with  two  pair  of  spurs;  3  antennae  bristled,  ?  simple,  oviduct 
slightly  produced.  Ornamentation  typical,  in  color  like  A.  plecta,  than 
which  this  is  a  larger  species.  Costal  edge  broadly  whitish  in  i  ,  ashen  in 
2  ,  ordinary  spots  very  large,  separated,  preceded  and  followed  by  black 
scales,  variable  in  tint.  Median  lines  black,  tolerably  distinct.  Internal 
margin,  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  transverse  posterior  line,  broadly  and 
diffusely  shaded  with  blackish.  Subterminal  space  broadly  shaded  with  dull 
purple  reddish,  smooth;  this  tint  spreads  inwardly  below  vein  2  over  the 
median  space  to  the  prominent  black-edged  claviform  spot.  Subterminal 
line  improminent.  A  narrow  terminal  black  line  interspaceally  accentuated. 
Hind  wings  dark  fuscous,  without  border  or  spot  in  5  ;  whitish  with  smoky 
posterior  shading  in  5  .  Beneath  dusky,  with  very  faint  traces  of  a  common 
line  and  discal  spots.  Fringes  of  the  hind  wings  above  whitish  with  an 
interior  dusky  line. 


101 

Expanse,  3Q  to  38,  m.  m.  Ilalntat,  New  York;  Colorado  Ter- 
ritory (coll.  Thco.  L.  Mead,  No.  GG). 

DiflFers  from  Gnenee's  description  of  N.  oclirogaster  by  tlic 
black isli  collar  and  the  median  nervure  not  being  white;  the  ter- 
minal line  on  the  primaries  is  succeeded  by  an  even  pale  line,  the 
base  of  the  dark  fringes.  The  hind  wings  have  no  terminal  series 
of  rounded  dots.  It  is,  I  think,  nearer  allied  to  A.  herilis  and  A. 
subgothica. 

Ufeus,  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  very  small,  naked,  with  lashes.  Head  comparatively  small  and 
sunken.  Maxillae  weak  and  comparatively  short.  Labial  palpi  short,  apical 
joint  undistiuguishable  by  reason  of  the  long  and  coarse  hairy  vestiture. 
Middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose ;  fore  tibiae  unarmed,  with  a  slight  tuft  at  the 
middle  of  the  joint ;  tarsi  thickly  spined.  $  Antennae  simple,  under  the 
glass  showing  two  pair  of  fine  short  bristles  on  each  joint.  Head  and  thorax 
thickly  clothed  with  long  hairs,  recalling  Euthisanotia,  but  here  the  thoracic 
vestiture  is  silky,  longer  and  more  appressed.  Body  flattened,  recalling 
Orthosia ;  sides  of  the  abdomen  with  long  hairs,  and  the  anal  segment  is 
densely  pilose.  Armature  of  the  legs  weak  and  short ;  hind  tibiae  with  two 
pair,  and  middle  tibiae  with  one  terminal  pair  of  aborted  spurs.  Legs 
coarsely  fringed  with  long  hair  like  that  on  the  body  beneath.  The  vestiture 
is  unlike  that  of  the  5  Leucania  pseudargyria,  not  surrounding  the  joints. 
The  genus  appears  related  to  Agrotis,  and  the  type,  U.  satyricus,  has  a 
peculiar  Blatta-like  appearance  from  its  flattened  form,  simple  antennae, 
dark  color,  want  of  ornamentation,  rather  coarse  and  thin  alar  squamation, 
and  rounded  external  margin  of  primaries  with  blunted  apices.^ 


Ufeus  satyricus,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  4,  $  . 

$  . — Dark  dull  wood  brown,  unicolorous.  Tongue  bright  testaceous.  Fore 
wings  with  a  faint  tracing  of  an  irregular,  diff'use,  darker-shaded  transverse 
'anterior  line.  An  undefined  blackish  mark  takes  the  place  of  the  reniform. 
Transverse  posterior  line  a  little  more  distinct  than  the  t.  a.  line,  nearly  even, 
not  much  projected,  perpendicular  and  slightly  indented  opposite  the  cell.  The 
transverse  lines  have  the  effect  of  darker  shadows  thrown  across  the  wing. 
No  subterminal  line.  A  series  of  interspaceal  blackish  terminal  streaks  of 
variable  distinctness  and  length.  Hind  wings  pale,  somewhat  dirty  testa- 
ceous in  hue,  subhyaline,  allowing  the  veins  to  be  distinctly  seen,  without 

2  In  using  Lederer's  analytical  table,  thu  uiitootlicd  antennae  will  separate  the  present  gouus 
from  Aninioconia. 


102 

marks  ;  internal  margin  clothed  with  coarse  hair.  Beneath,  the  hind  wings 
show  a  discal  ovate  blackish  spot  about  the  cross  vein,  and  a  very  faint 
tracing  of  a  subterminal  band. 

Expanse,  45  m.  m.     Hahitat,  Canada  (coll.  AVm.  Saunders,  Feb- 
ruary) ;  Albany,  N.  Y.  (coll.  J.  A.  Lintner,  ViJ- 


Ufeus  plicatus,  Oroie. 

$  . — Smaller  than  U.  satyricus.  Body  of  the  same  flattened  shape  and 
color  but  the  fore  wings  show  a  uniform,  warm,  faintly  reddish  tinge.  T. 
a.  line  broken.  Along  the  cell,  above  the  median  vein,  is  an  interrupted  black 
streak.  Transverse  posterior  line  black,  comj^aratively  very  distinct,  running 
outwardly  and  downwardly  obliquely  from  costa,  much  and  roundedly  exerted 
opposite  the  cell  and  offering  a  distinguishing  character  by  its  course  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  U.  satyricus.  It  appears  interspaceally  lunulate  from  a 
short  extension  of  the  black  scales  upon  the  veins  beyond  the  line.  A  series  of 
fainter  blackish  interspaceal  terminal  streaks.  All  the  markings  are  deter- 
minate, not  reflected.  Hind  wings  dull  testaceous  above,  and,  with  the  upper 
wings,  beneath,  absolutely  without  marks  or  lines  of  any  kind. 

Expanse  40  m.  m.    Habitat,  Philadelphia. 

I  cannot  regard  these  as  sexes  of  the  same  species  owing  to  the 
difference  in  the  course  and  appearance  of  the  transverse  posterior 
line.  These  two  species  cannot  be  referred  to  Mythimna,  which  is 
restricted  by  Lederer  to  the  European  M.  imbecilla.  Apparently 
Mr.  Walker's  extension  of  the  term  to  include  Guenee's  Leucania 
pseudargyria,  etc.,  should  not  be  followed. 

Mamestra  imbrifera. 

Aplecta  inibrifera,  QuenSe, 
Hahitat,  Atlantic  District.    The  eyes  are  hairy. 

Mamestra  purpnrissata. 

Eurois  purpurissata,  Grote. 

HaMtat,  Atlantic  District.  Represents  the  European  M.  tincta 
in  our  fauna. 

Mamestra  nimbosa. 

Aplecta  nimhosa,  Quen6e. 
Hahitat,  Atlantic  District. 


103 


Mamestra  latex. 

A<plecta  latex,  Quen6e. 
Ilahitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Mamestra  grandis,  Lederer. 

JIadena  grandis,  Guen6e. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 


Mamestra  Farnhami,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  2,  5  . 

t,  2  . — Eyes  hairy;  fore  tibiae  unarmed;  antennae  simple,  very  shortly  ciliatc 
beneath  in  3  ;  palpi  porrect,  with  small  projecting  third  article ;  abdomen 
with  moderate  basal  tufts.  A  little  smaller  than  Mamestra  grandis  ;  remarka- 
ble for  the  unusually  sharply  defined  W-mark,  the  varied  tints  and  the  pale 
oblique  streaked  shade  on  median  nervure  below  the  ordinary  spots,  in  which 
character  it  simulates  Prodeiiia  commelinae.  The  ground  color  of  the  fore 
wings  is  blackish  with  a  dark  green  cast,  and  obtains  over  the  median  and 
terminal  spaces.  Subterminal  space,  median  space  along  internal  margin, 
and  basal  space  before  the  t.  a.  line,  pale  reddish  brown  with  a  purple  reflec- 
tion. T.  a.  line  thrice  waved,  geminate,  with  pale  internal  shade ;  basal  half- 
line  similar.  Orbicular  outwardly  oblique,  moderate,  pale,  with  a  dark  shaded 
center,  finely  ringed  with  black.  Reniform  elongate,  incompletely  ringed, 
with  an  inner  shaded  annulus.  T.  p.  line  forming  a  single  inward  arcuation 
opposite  the  cell ;  below  vein  5  it  runs  straightly,  interspaceally  lunate,  to 
internal  margin.  Subterminal  line  very  distinct,  pale,  commencing  with  a 
pale  yellowish  apical  patch  and  forming  the  usual  W-shaped  mark,  the 
points  closing  on  the  extremities  of  veins  3  and  4,  preceded  on  the  subter- 
minal space  by  interspaceal  dark  dashes  before  which  are  pale  scale  points. 
Terminal  line  black  ;  fringes  with  a  pale  basal  line  and  interrupted  at  the 
Extremity  of  the  nervules  with  pale  scales.  Hind  wings  pale  with  blackish 
borders  and  discal  mark  ;  veins  marked  with  dark  scales ;  terminal  line 
forming  broken  black  interspaceal  marks ;  fringes  pale  subtestaceous.  Be- 
neath pale,  faintly  reddish,  powdered  with  dark  scales  and  with  a  continued 
common  extra  discal  line  and  partly  annulate  discal  marks  ;  on  primaries  the 
pale  subterminal  line  feebly  reflected. 

Expanse,  42  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (  ?  Mr.  Jas. 
Eidings ;    $  Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead,  No.  45). 

Named  in  memory  of  Charles  Severance  Farnliam,  who  died,  May, 
1862,  at  YorJctoion,  in  the  service  of  his  country,  ami  was  one  of 
the  early  Curators  in  this  Society. 


104 

Mamestra  brassicae  {Linn.). 

Habitat,  New  York.     Our  species  does  not  seem  to  differ  from 
the  European. 

Mamestra  albifusa. 

Hadena  albifusa,  Walker,  p.  753. 

Habitat,  New  York ;  Nova  Scotia. 

Mamestra  clienopodii  (TT.  V.). 

Hadena  chenopodii,  Guenee. 

Habitat,  United  States  and  Europe. 

Diantlioecia  meditata,  Grote. 

$  9  . — Size  moderate ;  form  compact  ;  $  antennae  with  the  edges  of  the 
joints  relieved  and  furnished  with  short  cilial  tufts  ;  ?  abdomen  pointed  with 
extruded  oviduct ;  eyes  hairy.  Dark  colored,  fore  wings  uniformly  dark  with 
faded  ornamentation.  Fuscous  with  pearly  mottlings  caused  by  a  sparse 
admixture  of  white  scales  over  the  thorax  and  primaries.  Transverse  lines 
perceivable  by  pale  centerings.  Basal  half-line  twice  waved.  T.  a.  line 
perpendicular,  thrice  waved.  The  wing  is  more  or  less  tinged  with  rufous 
over  the  median  space  on  which  the  ordinary  spots  are  with  difficulty  to 
be  perceived ;  they  are  dark-circled,  picked  out  by  pale  scales,  concolorous. 
Above  the  reniform  the  t.  p.  line  is  incepted  on  costa  by  pale  scales.  The 
line  is  of  the  usual  shape,  slightly  inwardly  arcuate  below  median  nervure, 
slightly  lunulate.  Three  pale  ante-apical  costal  dots.  Terminal  space  nar 
row,  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  ;  fringes  silky,  dark.  Hind  wing  unicol- 
orously  dark  fuscous ;  fringes  whitish  with  a  dark  line.  Body  parts  concol- 
orous. Beneath  a  little  paler,  especially  the  hind  wings,  mottled  with  white 
scale  points,  with  a  common  exterior  line  and  discal  dots. 

Expanse,  30  m.  m.  Habitat,  New  York  State  (coll.  B.  S.  N.  S. ; 
J.  A.  Lintner ;  Tlieo.  L.  Mead,  No.  129). 

This  is  an  obscurely  colored  species  very  different  from  Dian- 
thoecia  capsularis  {Ra])liia  propulsa,  Walker),  but  sharing  the 
structural  features  that  separate  the  genus  from  Mamestra.  It  is 
the  third  described  N.  Am.  species,  unless  others  are  described, 
under  some  other  generic  title,  by  Mr.  Walker  in  the  British 
Museum  Lists.  It  may  be  remarked  here  that  a  condemnation  of 
Mr.   Walker   for    an    occasional    erroneous    determination    in    the 


105 

moths,  or  a  vague  and  useless  diagnosis,  would  be  without  sufficient 
point.  But  the  fact  has  become  apparent  that  the  whole  35  Parts 
of  the  British  Museum  Lists,  when  compared  with  the  collections, 
contain  such  a  mass  of  error,  that  in  their  present  shape  they  are 
unavailable  to  the  student.  I  have  ever  expressed  myself  as  desir- 
ous of  retaining  all  Mr.  Walker's  tenable  names,  but  from  the 
vague  descriptions  it  will  require  independent  testimony  to  identify 
his  types,  even  those  in  the  British  Museum  collection.  It  is  incon- 
ceivable that  the  Authorities  of  the  British  Museum  should  have 
permitted  the  publication  of  these  Lists,  which  could  not  be 
desired  by  science,  since  they  are,  for  the  most  part,  based  upon  M. 
Guenee's  work,  and  merely  add  a  large  number  of  inferior  descriptions 
to  what  we  had  before  us  iu  a  useful  shape. 


Oncocnemis  Dayi,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  8. 

i  . — Eyes  naked,  strongly  lashed ;  tibiae  all  unarmed  but  with  a  stout 
claw  at  the  extremity  of  the  shorter  anterior  pair ;  all  the  tarsi  spinose ; 
head  not  retracted ;  clypeus  without  prominence ;  abdomen  smooth,  not 
tufted  ;  ornamentation  Iladena-like ;  antennae  simple ;  size  moderate ;  cor- 
poral vestiture  hairy.  Fore  wings  and  thorax  mixed  white  and  brown, 
brightly  contrasted.  T.  a.  line  not  very  distinct,  black,  thrice  waved,  the 
last  time  sharply  below  vein  1  on  the  margin.  Ordinary  spots  distinct ; 
claviform  pale ;  orbicular  round,  black  ringed,  pale  with  deep  brown  rounded 
center ;  median  shade  apparent  edging  the  reniform  on  the  inside,  approxi- 
mate to  t.  p.  line  ;  reniform  large,  with  brown  center,  followed  by  a  whitish 
shade  which  fills  up  the  space  left  by  the  superior  exsertion  of  the  t.  p.  line, 
and  is  characteristic  of  the  species.  T.  p.  line  even,  black,  followed  by  a 
whitish  shade ;  subterminal  space  deep  brownish,  with  a  series  of  broad 
black  interepaceal  dashes  which  are  very  distinctive  and  precede  the  inward 
dentations  of  the  whitish,  irregular  subterminal  line  ;  terminal  space  dark 
at  apices  and  faintly  so  centrally,  but  below  the  apices  this  is  mixed  with  pale 
scales  which  form  a  narrow  whitish  edging  before  the  black  terminal  line, 
the  latter  interspaceally  subluuulate  and  interrupted  on  the  veins  ;  fringes 
with  a  central  dark  line  and  interrupted  with  pale  scales  opposite  the 
extremity  of  the  veins.  Hind  wings  rather  bright  clear  yellow,  dusky  at 
base,  with  a  distinct  broad  marginal  black  band;  fringes  yellowish  at  base, 
with  a  dark  line  beyond  which  they  are  whitish.  Beneath  pale  yellow  ;  the 
costae  irrorate  with  dusky  scales  ;  a  terminal  black  band  which,  on  the  fore 
wings,  is  superiorly  a  little  removed  from  the  margin  and  has  its  outer  edge 

BUL.   BUF.    SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (11)  JULY,    1873. 


106 

a  little  irregular ;   a  terminal  black  line  and  fringes  as  on  upper  surface ; 
minute  and  faint  discal  dots. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.  IlaMtat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Tlieo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  17). 

The  occurrence  of  tliis  genus  in  America  is  not  noticed  before. 
The  hitherto  described  species  are  from  the  Ural  Mountains,  and 
have  been  taken  in  the  evening  on  flowers  according  to  Lederer. 
At  first  sight  our  species  might  be  taken  for  Anartas  allied  to  A. 
luteola,  Grote,  and  the  European  A.  cordigera,  but  the  naked  eyes, 
Hadena-like  ornamentation,  and  the  claAV  on  the  fore  tibiae  quickly 
distinguishes  them.  This  claw  in  On.  Dayi,  is  shorter,  stouter  and 
blunter  compared  with  a  second  species,  Avhich  I  describe  here,  and 
which  equals  On.  Dayi  in  expanse,  but  in  which  the  colors  of  the 
primaries  above  are  less  distinctly  contrasted,  while  in  general 
appearance  the  two  species  resemble  each  other  strongly  from  the 
similarity  in  color  of  the  hind  wings.  From  the  yellow-winged 
European  species  of  Agrotis,  sometimes  referred  under  a  distinct 
name  to  Triphaena,  and  which  the  present  species  casually  resemble 
in  the  appearance  of  the  hind  wings,  Oncocnemis  differs  struc- 
turally, among  other  characters,  by  the  non-spinose  middle  and 
hind  tibiae. 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  name  this  species  after  David  F. 
Day,  Esq.,  of  this  Society,  a  scientist  whose  reading  is  exhaustive, 
and  a  friend  whose  kindness  is  enduring. 


Oncocnemis  Hayesi,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  13. 

<^ . — Eyes  naked,  strongly  lashed ;  tibiae  all  unarmed  but  with  a  strong 
and  rather  long  claw  at  the  extremity  of  the  anterior  pair  (vide  Lederer, 
Plate  4,  fig.  2) ;  all  the  tarsi  spinose.  In  all  its  structural  characters  this 
species  agrees  with  On.  Dayi,  except  that  the  claw  is  longer  and  the  eyes 
and  head  a  little  smaller  and  less  prominent.  The  primaries  are  dull  pulver- 
ulent yellowish  ashen  with  distinct  lines,  but  not  contrasted  in  their  shad- 
ing. The  t.  p.  line  is  distinctly  continuous,  shortly  dentate.  The  ordinary 
spots  are  large  and  rather  vague ;  the  orbicular  larger  than  in  On.  Dayi. 
The  subterminal  line  is  whitish,  powdery,  contrasting ;  fringes  impromi- 
nently  chequered.  Hind  wings,  light,  bright  yellow,  dusky  at  the  base  and 
along  the  veins ;  the  dusky  scales  form  an  incomplete  line  crossing  the  cell 
over  the  cross-vein  and  running  to  internal  margin ;   a  wide  terminal  black 


107 

band  broader  than  in  On.  Dayi ;  fringes  yellowish,  with  a  dusky  line,  whitiHh 
at  tips.  Beneath  yellowish,  with  terminal  black  bauds  which,  on  the  fore 
wings,  are  not  removed  ^superiorly  from  the  margin  as  in  On.  Dayi ;  minute 
discal  dots. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (No.  18,  coll. 
Theo.  L.  Mead). 

This  beautiful  species  is  very  distinct  from  Oncocnemis  Dayi  in 
the  ornamentation  of  the  primaries,  which  latter  have  more  the 
appearance  of  those  of  the  European  0.  diffusa  (II.-S.  figs.  44-45). 
Our  species  at  once  differ  by  their  distinctly  yellow  hind  wings. 
The  geographical  distribution  of  the  genus  is  very  interesting, 
since  it  increases  the  zoological  homogeneity  of  the  present  Arcto- 
gaeal  province.  The  ocelli  are  present  in  all  our  species,  and  the 
maxillae  long,  stout,  black  and  corneous. 

I  respectfully  dedicate  our  second  species  of  the  genus  to  Doctor 
George  E.  Hayes,  Vice-President  of  this  Society,  whose  observa- 
tions on  the  Geology  of  Buffalo,  have  materially  increased  our 
knowledge  of  our  locality. 


Oncocnemis  Chandleri,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  9. 

^  . — Eyes  naked,  strongly  lashed ;  all  the  tibiae  without,  all  the  tarsi  with 
spines ;  fore  tibiae  with  a  strong  claw.  Fore  wings  gray,  mixed  black  and 
■white,  distinctly  contrasted  and  with  longitudinal  black  streaks,  resembling 
in  this  respect  On.  Dayi.  A  distinct  black  dash  runs  from  the  base  of  the 
primaries  to  the  long,  black-margined  claviform.  Transverse  lines  indicated  on 
costal  region,  else  obsolete.  The  appearance  of  the  gray  ordinary  spots  is 
very  peculiar ;  they  are  fused  by  a  common  black  edge  and  distinct  shaded 
fillings.  The  compound  spot  assumes  a  decumbent  funnel-shape.  Very  evi- 
dent longitudinal  black  dashes  precede  the  white  dentate  subterminal  line 
interspaceally.  Fringes  alternately  paler  and  darker.  In  the  ornamentation 
of  the  primaries  this  species  remind  us  of  Cloantha.  The  terminal  space  is 
dark  and  concolorous  in  On.  Chandlen,  whereas  it  is  paler  than  the  sub- 
terminal  in  On.  Dayi.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous  or  smoky,  with  a  diffusely 
margined,  wide,  blackish  hind  border,  which,  in  one^  specimen,  does  not  con- 
trast greatly  with  the  rest  of  the  wing.  Beneath  paler  than  above,  with 
terminal  blackish  borders  and  minute  discal  points. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  27). 

Quite  distinct  from  the  species  with  yellow  hind  Avings,  this 
resembles  On.   Davi,  rather  tlian   On.   Ilavesi,  in    tlie   oruamenta- 


108 

tion  of  the  fore  wings,  while  in  the  appearance  of  the  hind  wings 
it  comes  nearer  to  the  European  species. 

I  respectfully  dedicate  this  species  to  Mr.  Henry  Chandler,  Vice- 
President  of  this  Society,  and  a  distinguished  Patron  of  the  Natural 
Sciences. 

Hadena  arcticaj  Boisduval. 

Hadena  amputatrix,  Fitcli. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Hadena  Bridgliami. 

Mamestra  Bridghamii,  Grote  and  Robinson. 
Habitat,  Khode  Island. 

Hadena  adjiincta. 

Mamestra  adjuncta,  Guenee. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District.    The  eyes  are  naked. 

Hadena  deyastator. 

PJialaena  devastator,  Brace. 
Mamestra  ordinaria,  Walker. 

Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Hadena  dnbitans. 

Apamea  f  insignata,  Walker,  p.  729. 
Mamestra  dubitaiis,  Walker,  p.  233. 

Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

I  have  compared  Mr.  Walker's  types  in  the  collection  of  the  Brit- 
ish Museum.  The  species  varies  in  depth  of  ground  color ;  the 
eyes  are  naked.  (Number  90,  Chas.  A.  Blake,  Phila. ;  Number  95, 
Theo.  L.  Mead,  New  York.) 

Hadena  impulsa. 

Mamestra  impulsa,  Guenee. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  identify  Mamestra  passer,  Guenee.  It  is 
impossible  to  say  to  which  genus  it  really  belongs. 


109 

Hudcna  npnmifuniiis. 

Xylophasia  apamiformis,  Quenije. 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Hadciin  nirea  {Fabr.). 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 
Not  distinguished  from  European  specimens. 

Hadena  lignicolor. 

Xyloplmsia  lignicolora,  Ouenee. 

Habitat,  New  York  State ;  Pennsylvania. 

Hadena  auranticolor,  Grote. 

$  .  Nearest,  perhaps,  to  lignicolor,  much  brighter  and  more  distinctly 
marked.  Eyes  naked.  Fore  wings  yellow  ferruginous,  deeper  shaded  below 
median  nervure.  Reniform  pale.  Transverse  anterior  line  dark  ferruginous, 
thrice  waved.  Transverse  posterior  line  much  projected,  not  distinct,  marked 
by  black  dots  on  the  veins  on  the  narrow  succeeding  paler  shade.  Subterminal 
line  pale,  quite  irregular,  leaving  the  terminal  space  blackish  above  and  below 
the  incomplete  W-shaped  mark.  A  deep  ferruginous  dash  connects  the  median 
lines,  as  in  sectilis,  on  the  submedian  fold,  shaded  with  blackish  scales  at  t.  p. 
line.  Fringes  blackish,  cut  with  ferruginous  at  extremity  of  the  veins.  Hind 
wings  pale  fuscous  with  faint  line  and  spot,  apparently  reflected  from  under- 
surface,  and  terminally  darker  shaded ;  fringes  of  a  warm  hue.  Thorax  bright 
colored  ;  labial  palpi  rather  prominent. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m. 

'  Two  specimens  taken  July  lOtli  at  Twin  Lakes,  Upper  Arkansas 
Valley,  Colorado  Territory,  at  about  8000  feet  elevation  (coll.  Theo. 
L.  Mead,  No.  41). 

Hadena  verbascoidcs. 

Xyloplmsia  verbascoides,  Guen6e,  p.  141. 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Hadena  sectilis. 

Xylophasia  sectilis,  Guenee,  p.  141. 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 


no 

Hadeua  mucens  {Hubner). 

Habitat,  Pennsylvania;   Florida  (auth.  Gnenee).     Iliibner  com- 
pares this  species  with  rurea. 

Hadena  vulgaris. 

XylopJiasia  vulgaris,  Q.  &  R. 

Habitat,  Pennsylvania. 

Hadena  confusa. 

Auchmis  confusa,  Hubner  Zutraege,  248. 

Habitat,  New  York  State ;  Pennsylvania. 

Hadena  miselioides,  subjunda,  distincta,  have  been  already  cor- 
rectly referred  to  this  genus. 

Hj  ppa  xylinoides,  Ouente. 

Xylina  contraria.  Walker. 
Habitat,  New  York,  Pennsylvania. 

Brotolomia  Iris. 

PMogophora  iris,  Quen6e. 
Habitat,  New  York,  Pennsylvania. 

Hydroecia  inquaesita. 

Oortyna  inquaesita,  G.  tSt  R. 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Hydroecia  purpurifascia. 

Oortyna  purpurifascia,  G.  &  R. 
Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Hydroecia  limpida. 


Oortyna  limpida,  Gueii6e. 
Habitat,  Illinois  (Guenee). 

Hydroecia  ccrussata. 

Oortyna  cerussata,  Grote. 

Habitat,  Pennsylvania.     An  spec,  praec.  ? 


Ill 

llydroccia  inarg:ini(leiis. 

Owtyna  marginidens,  Ouenee. 

IIa1)itat,  Illinois  (Gueuee). 

HydroecLa  riitila. 

Oortyna  rutila,  Quen^e. 

Habitat,  New  York  State. 

Hydroecia  speciosissiina. 

Oortyna  speeiosissima,  O.  &  R. 
Halitat,  Rhode  Island. 

Hydroecia  uitela. 

Oortyna  nitela,  Quen6e. 

Hahitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Hydroecia  uebris. 

Ooi'tyna  nebris,  Quenee. 

Halitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Hydroecia  nictitans,  lorea,  sera,  immanis,  stranioitosa,  have  been 
already  correctly  described  from  our  Territory  under  this  genus. 

Gortyna  catapliracta,  Orote. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

Represents  in  our  fauna  the  European  Gortyna  flavago.  Harris 
Gortyna  leucostiyma  is  probably  the  same  as  Guenee's  7'«/i7«;  the 
name  proposed  by  Harris  is  preoccupied  and  cannot  be  retained  in 
any  event.  The  Gortyna  zeae  of  Harris,  I  have  already  referred  to 
Achatodes.  Guenee  re-describes  this  species  under  the  specific 
name  of  sandix. 

Ablepliaron,*  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked.  Antennae  in  both  sexes  without  pectinations,  simple, 
not  brush-like,  under  a  higher  power  with  very  short  pubescence.    Tongue 

*  Gr.:     d  et  pXeipapov. 


112 

ratlier  sliort  and  weak,  testaceous.  Wings  rather  broad ;  fore  wings  acute  with 
straight  external  margin.  Thorax  rounded  in  front ;  abdomen  proportioned, 
without  tufts.  Tibiae  non-spinose  ;  anterior  pair  slightly  thickened.  Ornamen- 
tation Lucania-like.  All  lines  and  spots  obsolete  ;  tints  neutral ;  with  longitu- 
dinal darker  shades  on  the  primaries,  which,  iu  A.  Henrici,  broadly  contrast. 
From  all  the  genera  allied  to  Leucania  differing  by  the  simple  antennae. 

Ablepliarou  Henrici. 

Leucania  Henrici,  Grote,  huj.  scrip. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District  (Buffalo,  June,  Mr.  Zescli). 

Ablepliarou  evanida. 

Leucania  evanida,  Grote,  huj.  scrip. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District  (New  York). 

Omniatostola/  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  strongly  lashed.  Maxillae  comparatively  stout,  corne- 
ous, dark.  Antennae  scaled  above,  bristled  beneath,  with  two  more  rigid 
spinules  on  each  joint.  Robust,  thickly  haired ;  thorax  large,  square  in  front 
without  tufts  ;  head  prominent,  eyes  large.  Wings  elongate  ;  primaries  with 
straight  costal  and  rounded  external  margin. 

The  want  of  a  clypeal  projection  separates  both  Ablepharon  and 
Ommatostola  from  Nonagria.  From  Leucania  the  naked  eyes 
separate  our  two  new  genera.  From  Tapinostola  and  Calamia  the 
lashes,  very  prominent  in  Ommatospila.  The  simple  antennae 
separate  Ablepharon  from  any  of  the  genera  described  by  Lederer. 
The  present  genus  seems  more  nearly  related  to  Tapinostola.  In 
ornamentation  and  size  it  approaches  Calamia. 


Ommatostola  Lintueri,  Grote. 

5  . — Size  rather  large  ;  body  stout ;  abdomen  exceeding  hind  wings,  of  the 
usual  shape,  not  pointed,  swelled  or  tufted  ;  thorax  hairy  ;  eyes  naked,  strongly 
lashed ;  head  large,  not  retracted ;  antennae  scaled  above,  bristled  beneath. 
Of  the  usual  yellowish  testaceous  color  ;  fore  wings  with  the  external  margin 
rather  full  and  rounded  ;  costal  region  shaded  with  white,  and  all  the  veins 
more  or  less  completely  marked  with  white  scales,  interrupted  with  blackish  ; 
no  markings  visible  except  the  t.  p.  line,  which  is  well  indicated  by  black  dots 

^  Gr.:     ofiiui  et  cToTiij. 


113 

on  the  veins;  blackish  shadings  accompany  the  sub-costal  norvuro  on  the  cell, 
tho  median  and  internal  nervuros  and  obtain  terminally,  and  especially  supe- 
riorly, on  the  interspaces;  fringes  concolorous;  hind  wings  white,  with  a  faint 
testaceous  tinge;  nervules  obsoletely  indicated;  head  and  thorax  yellowish 
testaceous  without  markings ;  beneath  there  are  no  markings,  wings  and  body 
whitish ;  veins  on  primaries  indicated  by  blackish  scales. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.     Length  of  lochj,  18  m.  m. 
Habitat,  New  York  (coll.  J.  A.  Lintiicr,  No.  2588). 


Cncullia  Yosemitae,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  3  2  . 

5  . — Eyes  naked,  but  with  lashes ;  abdomen  exceeding  the  hind  wings,  but 
shorter  than  in  intermedia,  vih.\c\x  this  species  rather  resembles  in  general  color, 
but  is  much  more  distinctly  marked  ;  as  usual  the  legs  are  proportionately  short, 
the  palpi  thickly  and  finely  scaled  with  small  projected  terminal  joint.  Pure 
dusty  gray,  not  bluish  gray,  as  in  intermedia  and  its  European  allies,  but  rather 
brownish  ;  the  median  lines  are  well  marked  and  black ;  a  basal  black  dash  on 
submedian  fold,  extending  to  the  inward  dentation  of  the  t.  p.  line,  more  or 
less  distinctly  ;  median  lines  very  approximate  inferiorly  where  the  outward 
dentation  of  the  t.  a.  line  nearly  touches  the  corresponding  inward  dentation 
of  the  t.  p.  line,  above  which  point  the  t.  p.  line  is  heavily  marked  between 
vein  2  and  the  fold ;  there  is  a  fine  oblique  black  streak  across  median  space 
above  the  submedian  fold ;  t.  p.  line  so  contiguous  to  the  empty  finely  black 
ringed  reniform,  that  its  acute  dentations  opposite  the  cell  appear  as  the  outer 
edge  of  the  spot  which  is  obsolete  ;  orbicular  empty,  finely  black  ringed,  large, 
rather  elongate  ovate,  lying  very  obliquely  on  the  cell ;  a  series  of  blackish 
interspaceal  lines ;  those  between  veins  2  and  5  extended  inwardly,  alternating 
with  the  outward  dentations  of  the  t.  p.  line ;  the  subterminal  line  indicated 
by  pale  points  on  these  lines ;  fringes  interrupted  at  the  extremity  of  the 
veins  by  pale  scales.  Hind  wings  griseous,  with  paler  fringes  and  faint  indi- 
cations of  a  median  line ;  beneath  griseous,  powdery,  with  faint  discal  marks 
and  traces  of  a  common  line ;  body  griseous,  concolorous,  collar  with  a  black 
line. 

Expanse,  42  m.  in. 

HaUtat,  California  (coll.  Tlico.  L.  Mead,  No.  29 ;  Yosemite,  Oct. 

12th). 

The  thoracic  vestiture  is  displaced  on  my  specimen,  so  that  I  can- 
not observe  its  peculiarities. 

BUL.  BUP.  SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (15)  JULT,  1873. 


114 

Xylina  sculpta,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  1  2  . 

i  5  . — Eyes  naked  ;  middle  and  liind  tibia  spinose  ;  frontal  tuft  very  short, 
improminent,  not  projectedly  bifid,  as  in  the  typical  species  Xylina  Bethunei, 
Grote  and  Xylina  dgnosa,  Walker.^  Thorax  squared,  with  the  shoulders  well 
defined ;  abdomen  flattened ;  gray,  shaded  with  blackish,  with  distinct  orna- 
mentation ;  a  basal  linear  black  dash ;  transverse  lines  geminate  and  much 
as  in  Xylina  capax,  G.  &  B.,  which  this  species  strongly  resembles ;  t.  a.  line, 
with  the  outer  component  line  best  expressed,  dentate  below  costa,  running 
obliquely  outwardly  in  its  general  course,  acuminate  on  submedian  fold  where 
it  is  connected  by  blackish  scales  with  an  acute  inward  inflection  of  the  t.  p. 
line  at  this  place,  inwardly  dentate  on  vein  1 ;  orbicular  sometimes  not  defined 
against  the  ground  of  the  wing ;  median  shade  blackish,  diffuse ;  reniform  of 
the  usual  kidney-shape;  t.  p.  line  well  projected,  interspaceally  lunulate,  its 
inner  line  most  distinct  and  marking  outwardly  the  veins  at  the  point  between 
the  lunulations ;  subterminal  line  irregular,  preceded  by  diffuse  blackish 
shadings  and  irregular  cuneiform  interspaceal  marks ;  sometimes  vein  2  is 
accentuated,  but  there  is  no  continuation  of  the  streak  on  median  space  on  the 
submedian  fold  beyond  the  t.  p.  line ;  terminal  interspaceally  dentate  line 
marked  by  black  points.  Hind  wings  rather  pale,  powdery,  with  an  indistinct 
continued  median  dentate  line,  discal  dot  and  subterminal  shade,  better  ex- 
pressed in  2  ,  and  a  distinct  black  terminal  line  interrupted  by  the  veins. 
Beneath  the  primaries  are  dark,  with  the  subterminal  line  indicated  by  con- 
trast with  the  paler  terminal  space,  exterior  line  indicated  on  costal  region  ; 
hind  wings  pale  with  the  dot,  dentate  and  terminal  lines  of  the  upper  surface 
repeated. 

Expmise,  40  m.  m. 

Habitat,  Philadelphia  (C.  A.  Blake,  Number  42);  New  York 
(Theo.  L.  Mead,  Number  119). 

Smaller  than  X.  capax,  and  Avith  the  reniform  more  kidney- 
shaped  ;  more  purely  gray  and  black,  less  purplish  and  dark. 


Calpe  Canadensis,  BetJiune. 

Plusiodonta?  purpuraseens,  Walker. 
Oraesia  sdbria,  Walker. 

Habitat,  Canada;  New  York. 

I  regret  that  in  our  notes  on  the  N.  Am.  Lepidoptera  contained 
in  the  British  Museum,  Mr.  Eobinson  and  myself  have  erroneously 
considered  Mr.  Walker's  descriptions  of  this  species  as  earlier.     The 

6  Mr.  Walker's  descriptions  in  this  genus  are  almost  useless ;  I  have  icjentifled  his  Xylina 
cOiitraria  as  a  redescription  of  Hyppa  xjlinojdos. 


115 

synonymy  of  this  species  will  show  the  general  style  of  Mr.  Walk- 
er's determinations  in  the  moths  correctly.  Tlic  species  represents 
in  onr  fauna  the  European  Calpe  thalictri. 


Lygrantlioccia,  Orote  and  Robinson  (1873). 

This  genus  differs  from  IleliotMs  in  its  slender  and  elongated  body  parts, 
and  loss  hairy  squamatiOn.  From  the  section  Melicleptria  by  the  more 
rounded  thorax.  The  naked  eyes  have  a  short  frilling  of  scales  beneath. 
The  front  is  much  flatter  than  in  llcliothis,  and  the  palpi  are  more  porrected. 
The  frontal  scales  are  not  mixed  with  hair,  nor  twisted  towards  a  central 
point,  as  in  that  genus.  The  habitus  is  more  like  Lepipolys,  or  even  Scldnia. 
The  shape  of  the  abdomen  is  like  IleliotMs  proper,  but  the  $  oviduct  is 
shortly  salient  and  dependent.  All  the  tarsi  spinose,  hind  tibiae  with  two 
pair  of  spurs ;  middle  tibiae  with  a  single  unequal  pair,  whereof  one  spur 
very  long;  fore  tibia  with  terminal  spines.  The  squamation  is  peculiarly 
pearly  and  powdery ;  the  fore  wings  are  divided  into  fields,  as  in  some  species 
of  HeliotMs,  but  the  sombre  hind  wings  and  under-surface  do  not  recall  the 
gay  coloration  and  ornamentation  of  that  genus. 

This  genus  was  in  manuscript  at  the  time  of  Mr,  Robinson's 
death.  It  had  been  remarked  by  him  that  the  typical  species, 
Anthoecia  rivulosa,  had  been  unjustly  used  by  Dr.  IlerricJi-Schaeflfer 
to  criticise  Lederer's  definition  of  Heliothis. 

Lygrantlioecia  marginata,  Grote  and  BoUnson. 

Pyralis  marc/inatus,  Haworth. 
Anthoecia  rivulosa,  Guen^e. 

HaUtat,  Massachusetts  to  Alabama.  The  European  Chariclea 
umbra,  has  for  its  synonym  Ileliotliis  mav(jinata,\QVis'mg  the  specific 
name  eligible  for  this  species. 

Lygrauthoecia  Tlioreaui,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Anthoecia  Thoreaui,  Grote  and  Kobinson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  3,  p. 

181,  Plate  3,  fig,  80,  1870. 

Habitat,  Pennsylvania  to  Alabama. 

lleliolouche,  Grote. 

Antennae  scaled,  pubescent  beneath  in  male,  simple  in  female,  in  which  sex 
the  ovipositor  is  exserted  as   in   Melicleptria ;  ocelli;  front  full,  not  convex; 


116 

body  thickly  and  lengthily  haired ;  size  small ;  labial  palpi  heavily  fringed, 
extending  beyond  the  front ;  fore  wings  lanceolate, hind  margin  long,  obliquely 
rounded,  internal  angle  not  prominent.  Fore  tibiae  abbreviate,  with  a  dispro- 
portionately heavy  claw,  else  all  the  tibiae  without  spines.  Eyes  constricted  ; 
no  clypeal  tubercle  as  in  Omia.  Differs  from  Melicleptria  in  the  shape  of  the 
primaries.  The  clypeus,  while  full,  is  not  projected ;  the  thorax  is  square, 
broad,  and  the  whole  body  lengthily  haired. 


Heliolonclie  modicella,  Orote,  Plate  3,  fig.  13  $  . 

S  5  .—Fore  wings  obscure  purple,  with  a  wide,  roundedly  oblique,  pale 
yellowish  fascia  running  from  costal  region,  below  the  apices  and  costal  margin, 
to  just  above  internal  margin,  at  about  basal  third,  not  attaining  the  base  of  the 
wing  nor  internal  margin,  which  are  covered  with  blackish  olivaceous  scales 
that,  extending  upwardly,  partially  border  the  central  fascia.  On  the  cell  a 
longitudinal,  pale  yellowish  shade  streak  ;  fringes  pale.  Secondaries  rounded, 
small,  wholly  black,  with  pale  fringes.  Body  blackish,  clothed  with  olivaceous 
hair.  Beneath  without  markings,  pale ;  on  the  fore  wings  a  faint  indication 
of  the  fascia  of  the  upper  surface,  preceded  at  the  base  of  the  wing,  and  suc- 
ceeded subterminally,  by  dusky  scales. 

Exjmnse,  17  m.  m.  Halitat,  California  (Theo.  L.  Mead, 
No.  70). 


.      HELIOTHIS,  Ochsenheimer  (181G). 
Subgenus,  Melicleptria  Hiibner  '  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  cardui,  Esper. 

Heliothis  mitis,  Orcte,  Plate  3,  fig.  7  $  . 

$  . — Ocelli ;  eyes  naked  ;  front  bulging,  very  full ;  antennae  simple,  scaled  ; 
palpi  and  body  without  the  very  heavy  fringing  and  vestiture  of  Heliolonclie. 
Size  small.  Fore  wings  dark,  olivaceous  yellow,  tinted  with  bright  ochreous. 
A  rounded,  oblique,  pale  yellowish  transverse  exterior  fascia,  attaining  internal 
margin.  The  narrow  subterminal  darker  ground  shade  between  this  and  the 
broader  terminal  pale  yellowish  space  is,  by  contrast,  distinct.  A  narrow  ter- 
minal linear  continued  shade  of  the  darker  ground  color ;  fringes  bright 
ochreous.  A  hardly  perceptible  discal  longitudinal  paler  shade.  The  orna- 
mentation of  the  fore  wings  recalls  that  of  the  preceding  species.  The  shape 
of  these  is,  however,  different,  the  external  margin  being  shorter  and  the 
internal  angle  more  determinate.     Hind  wings  black,  with  pale  yellow  fringes. 

'  This  section  seems  to  me  of  at  least  equal  value  with  Dianthoecia,  and  might  be  raised  to 
generic  rauli. 


117 

Beneftth  largely  blackish,  without  marks ;  the  apices  and  costal  region  and 
the  fringes  of  both  wings  pale  yellowish. 

Expanse,  18  m.  m.     A  single  specimen  on  flowers  in  July.     Cen- 
tral Alabama.     Collection  of  this  Society. 

The  fore  tibiae  are  provided  with  a  double  row  of  spines,  ter- 
minating in  longer  claws;  the  other  tibiae  appear  to  me  unarmed. 


Ilcliothis  villosus,  Orote. 
Melicleptria  villosa,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  See.  Phil.  p.  531,  Plate  G,  fig.  6;  1864. 

Habitat,  Colorado  Territory. 


Heliotliis  suetus,  Grote,  Plate  3,  fig.  10  5  . 

^  . — Ocelli ;  eyes  naked  ;  antennae  simple,  scaled  above,  pilose  beneath. 
Body  clothed  with  pale  sericeous  olivaceous  hair.  Fore  wings  dull  purple, 
equally  overlaid  with  pale  sericeous  scales.  No  traces  of  ordinary  lines. 
Below  median  nervure,  between  the  inceptions  of  veins  3  and  3,  an  even 
nearly  white  band  descends  straightly  to  internal  margin.  Above  median 
nervure  a  whitish  discal  blotch  takes  the  place  of  the  orbicular  and  a  second 
broader,  at  the  extremity  of  the  cell,  the  place  of  the  reniform.  These  two 
discal  demi-bands  seem  on  either  side  continuous  with  the  inferior  band 
which  hence  has  a  furcate  appearance.  Terminal  space  paler  than  the  rest 
of  the  wing,  wanting  the  purple  color,  and  indicating,  by  contrasting,  a  sub- 
terminal  line.  Hind  wings  black  with  a  broad  median  fuscia  interrupted 
medially  and  thus  forming  two  large  spots,  the  lower  subquadrate,  the  upper 
ovate ;  fringes  white.  Beneath,  largely  Avliite  ;  costal  edge  of  primaries 
white ;  the  deep  black  basal  patch  not  attaining  costa ;  a  large  subquadrate 
black  discal  spot ;  transverse  line  indicated  and  followed  by  a  large  diffuse 
blackish  shade  inferiorly.  Hind  wings  largely  whitish  ;  the  black  basal 
patch  does  not  attain  costa  and  partly  absorbs  the  large  discal  spot.  The 
wide,  hind  border  is  abbreviated. 

Expanse,  23  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  7). 

Resembles  the  European  H.  purpurascens,  but  is  more  faintly 
colored  and  the  band  of  the  fore  wings  is  single  inferiorly. 

Heliotliis  persimilis,  Qrote,  Plate  3,  fig.  11  ?  . 

$  . — Perhaps  the  opposite  sex  or  a  variety  of  H.  siietun.  It  differs  as 
follows:    smaller  and  with    olivaceous  scales  margining   the  median  fascia 


118 

inwardly  and  obtaining  on  the  cell  between  the  two  blotches.  A  third  yellow- 
ish-white spot  on  the  cell  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing,  at  about  basal  fourth. 
Hind  wings  with  the  spots  much  smaller  than  in  H.  suetus,  the  upper  one 
notably  reduced.  A  third  spot  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing.  [This  accessory 
spot  may  be  wanting  in  other  specimens,  since  it  is  distinct  on  one  wing, 
and  I  can  find  no  trace  of  it  on  the  opposite  side,  while  my  specimen  is  in 
perfect  condition.]  Beneath,  much  as  in  H.  suetus,  but  the  costal  edge  is 
black,  and  on  either  pair  the  black  color  predominates  ;  the  inner  white 
spot  of  the  primaries  is  very  distinct ;  on  the  hind  wings  is  a  trace  of  a 
eubterminal  line  continued  above  the  abbreviated  marginal  band. 

Expanse,  21  m.  m.     Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Tlieo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  6). 


Heliothis  pauxillus,  Orotc,  Plate  3,  fig.  6  3  . 

f,  . — Resembles  the  preceding  two  species,  but  the  white  bands  and  spots 
of  the  primaries  are  here  wanting,  and  the  normal  two  median  lines  are 
perceivable  as  paler  flexuous  lines,  the  transverse  anterior  arcuate,  the 
transverse  posterior  subsiuuous.  The  wing  wants  all  purple  tints  and  13 
dull  sericeous  olivaceous,  the  basal  and  subterminal  spaces  darker.  Paler 
shades  on  the  median  space  indicate  the  discal  spots.  Fringes  darker-shaded 
at  base.  Hind  wings  black,  with  two  small  sub-equal  yellowish  spots  situa- 
ted rather  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  than  usual.  Fringes  whitish.  Be- 
neath, much  as  in  H.  persimilis. 

Expanse,  19  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  9). 

Heliothis  proruptus,  Orote. 

Heliothis  proruptus,  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.,Vol,  IV,  1873. 

Habitat,  California. 
Heliotliis  spiuosae,  Ouenee. 


HeliotMs  spinosae,  Guenee,  p.  183,  Plate  9,  fig.  10, 1852.  . 
Habitat,  Canada  (auth.  Guenee). 

Heliothis  hirtellusj  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Anthoeda  hirtelkiy  G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  Vol.  6,  Plate  3, 
fig.  3, 1865. 

Habitat,  Khode  Island. 


119 

This  may  be  Gncuee's  s^jinosae,  while  the  figure  in  the  Species 
General  but  distantly  recalls  our  species,  and  the  description  does 
not  agree  entirely,  especially  in  the  color  and  position  of  the  reni- 
form  spot. 

Heliothis  tuberculum,  Hubner. 


?  Anthoecia  tuhei'culum,  Quenc'e. 
Habitat,  "Pennsylvania"  (auth.  Iliibncr). 

HiJbner's  figure  points  to  a  species  yet  to  be  discovered  by  us, 
while  M.  Guenee's  identification  may  be  inexact,  since  the  hind 
wings  are  described  as  "janncs"  in  the  Species  General. 

Heliothis  binus. 


Anthoecia  bina,  Gueiii^e,  p.  186,  1852. 

Anthoecia  bina,  Grote,  Proc.  E.  S.  Phil.,  p.  342, 1863. 

Habitat,  Amerique  Septentrionale  (auth.  Guenee). 


Heliothis  brevis. 

Anthoecia  brevis,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  See.  Pliila.,  p.  530,  plate  6, 
fig.  4, 1864. 

Habitat,  Colorado  Territory.  A  specimen  from  the  Territory 
taken  by  Theo.  L.  Mead,  and  numbered  8,  perfectly  corresponds 
with  my  type,  and  measures  25  m.  m.  in  expanse. 

Heliothis  atrites,  Grote. 

Anthoecia  brevis,  Grote,  2  var.,  Proc.  E.  S.  P.,  p.  530,  plate  6,  fig.  5, 
1864. 

I  have  seen  a  second  specimen  in  St.  Louis,  which  was  larger, 
while  otherwise  agreeing  Avith  the  specimen  from  Colorado  Terri- 
tory, and  I  feel  little  hesitation  in  retaining  it  under  a  distinct 
name. 

Heliothis  areiferus. 

Anthoecia  arcigera,  Guen6e,  vol.  2,  p.  184. 
Anthoecia  arcifera,  Guen6e,  vol.  3,  p.  399. 

Anthoecia  arcifera,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliila.,  p.  340,  plate  6, 
fig.  3, 1863. 

Habitat,  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 


120 

Heliothis  Spragnei. 

Anthoecia  Spraguei,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.,  p.  341,  plate  G, 

figs.  4  and  5, 1863. 

Hahitat, '^ew  Yoxk;  Pennsylvania;  New  Jersey. 

This  species  unites  in  its  coloration  the  first  and  second  groups 
of  M.  Guenee's  genus  Anthoecia.  There  seems  to  be  no  value  to 
that  arrangement,  since  M.  Guenee's  Anthoecia  rivulosa  is  not  rela- 
ted to  A.  arcifera,  but  to  A.  Thoreaui,  G.  &  R.,  a  species  which 
apparently  would  have  been  excluded  by  M.  Guenee  from  his  first 
group. 

Heliothis  lynx. 

Anthoecia  lynx,  Guenee,  p.  185. 

Habitat,  Massachusetts  to  Alabama. 

Heliotliis  Packardi. 

Anthoecia  Packardii,  Grote,  Proc.  E.  S.  Phila.,  p.  538,  plate  6, 

fig.  3, 1864. 

Habitat,  Colorado  Territory. 

Heliothis  iiobilis. 

Anthoecia  iiohilis,  Grote,  Proc.  E.  S.  P.,  p.  539,  plate  6,  fig.  3,  1864. 

Habitat,  Colorada  Territory.  Perhaps  the  same  as  the  foregoing. 
In  the  collection  before  me  from  the  Territory  are  no  specimens  of 
either  form,  nor  of  the  succeeding  two  species  brought  from  thence 
by  Mr.  Eidings. 

Heliothis  mortuus. 

Antlioecia  mortua,  Grote,  Proc.  E.  S.  P.,  p.  538,  plate  6,  fig.  1, 1864. 
Habitat,  Colorado  Territory. 

Heliothis  jaguariiius. 

Anthoecia  jnguarina,  Guen6e,  vol.  8,  p.  184,  plate  9,  fig.  11, 1853. 
Anthoecia  jaguarina,  Grote,  Proc.  Eat.  Soc.  Phila.,  p.  538, 1864. 

Halitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Eidings). 


121 

Subgenus  Tamila,  Quen6e  (1852). 

Type  :  Noctua  uundina,  Drury. 

Ucliotliis  uuudiiius. 

Noctua  nundina,  Drury. 
JlaOilcd, 'Now  York;  Pennsylvimiii;  New  Jersey. 


Heliothis  Mcadi,  Grote,  Plate  3,  fig.  5. 

$  . — Fore  wings  bright  olivaceous  green,  with  silvery  white  transverse  lines  ; 
basal  half-line  silvery  white ;  transverse  anterior  line  rather  broad,  silvery, 
forming  a  single  arcuation,  interrupted  about  median  nervure  by  two  minute 
black  streaks  ;  a  similar  interruption  marks  the  transverse  posterior  line  below 
median  nervure  ;  transverse  posterior  line  silvery,  forming  two  inward  arcua- 
tions,  the  first  to  vein  5,  the  second  to  internal  margin  immediately  on  which 
the  line  straightens ;  median  space  with  a  pale  diffuse  shade  inferiorly  pre- 
ceding the  t.  p.  line  below  the  nervure ;  medially,  on  the  cell,  is  a  pale  spot 
which  extends  superiorly  along  costal  region  to  the  t.  p.  line ;  the  bright  oli- 
vaceous green  subterminal  space  extends  opposite  the  cell  to  the  terminal  mar- 
gin, dividing  the  pale  terminal  space  ;  the  subterminal  line  is  only  indicated 
by  the  contrast  between  the  bright  subterminal  and  the  pale  creamy  yellowish 
terminal  space  ;  fringes  pale,  cut  with  olivaceous  green  ;  hind  wings  whitish, 
with  a  broad,  black  marginal  band,  half  interrupted  as  usual  on  the  margin 
before  anal  angle,  and  a  broad  discal  lunule  fused  with  blackish  basal  scales ; 
fringes  white ;  beneath  creamy  white ;  the  primaries  show  an  inferior  basal 
black  dash,  two  discal  spots,  the  outer  the  larger,  and  a  diifuse  black  inferior 
shade  without  the  transverse  line ;  hind  wings  show  a  blackish  discal  lunule 
and  an  abbreviated  marginal  band  at  anal  angle ;  thorax  and  abdomen  creamy 
whitish,  paler  beneath. 

Expanse,  26  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead,  No.  5). 

This  is  the  most  beautiful  species  perhaps  of  the  genus,  and  it 
gives  me  pleasure  to  dedicate  it  to  Mr.  Mead,  to  whose  kindness  I 
owe  an  opportunity  for  examining  a  rich  collection  of  Noctuidae 
from  Colorado  Territory,  The  present  species  differs  throughout 
from  H.  nundinus,  to  which  its  resemblance  is  only  general,  so  that 
a  comparative  descnptinn  would  bo  sii]i('vfliionP. 

BI'L.   BUF.    SOC.    NAT.   SCI.  (IC)  JULY,   1873. 


122 

Subgenus  Ucliothis,  Oclisenheimer. 

Type :  Noctua  armigera,  Hiibncr. 

Heliothis  citrinellusj  Grote  and  Robinson. 

Heliothis  citrinellus,  Grote  &  Rob.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  3, 

p.  180,  plate  2,  fig.  79, 1870. 

Habitat,  Texas. 


Heliothis  plilogophagiiSj  Orote  and  Robinson. 

IlaMtat,  VI estern  States;  Colorado  Territory  (coll.Tlieo.  L.  Mead, 
Number  23);  California.  This  species  is  sometimes  confounded 
with  H.  armigera.  In  a  late  number  of  the  American  Naturalist 
(April,  1873)  it  is  figured  on  p.  214,  with  an  erroneous  determina- 
tion. On  the  same  page,  fig.  40  is  considered  to  represent  Anomis 
xylina,  which  it  does  not.  Tliese  errors  impair  the  value  of  the 
article  which  the  figures  illustrate. 


Heliothis  armigera,  Hubner. 

Eeliothis  umbrosus,  Grote, Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.,  Vol.  1,  p.  219, 1862. 

This  is  the  "Boll-worm"  of  agricultural  writers,  and  is  more  or 
less  destructive  to  the  cotton  boll  in  the  Southern  States,  where  it 
is  widely  distributed.  It  is  there  often  erroneously  considered  as 
the  same  as  Anomis  xylina,  which  is  the  true  "  Cotton  worm,"  feeds 
on  the  leaf,  occurs  in  swarms  at  varying  periods,  and  belongs 
structurally  to  a  loAver  group  of  the  family.  I  consider  Anomis 
xylina  as  an  introduction,  and  not  as  a  true  habitant  of  the  Cotton 
belt.  From  the  irregularity  of  its  appearance,  its  defective  economy 
(brought  about  by  feeding  on  an  annual,  whereas  in  the  countries 
of  which  it  is  a  native,  the  cotton  plant  lasts  several  years),  and  the 
circumstantial  evidence  offered  by  its  progression  northward,  de 
novo,  every  year  that  it  occurs  within  our  limits,  I  conclude  that  its 
introduction  is  due  to  secondary  causes.  It  is  killed  out  every 
winter  with  the  destruction  of  the  plant  by  the  frost  in  central 
Alabama,  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  The  last  act  of  the  successive 
treneratiuiis  is  ofien  (d  fiv  out  of  the  loosdv  web1)cd  and  defeuseloss 


123 

pi:pa  into  the  face  of  the  frost.  On  warm  winter  days  the  moths  may 
be  disturbed  in  shelter.  Since  cotton  is  planted  after  the  spring  vege- 
tation has  appeared,  and  no  worm  troubles  the  early  plants,  it  is 
evident  that  Anomis  xylina  does  not  exist  at  that  time  in  any 
stage.  For  if  it  existed  as  a  moth,  it  would  perish  before  the  plant 
was  up  upon  which  to  deposit;  if  as  an  egg,  this  would  hatch 
equally  before  the  food  was  ready ;  if  as  a  chrysalis,  it  could  not  lie  ex- 
ceptionally dormant  while  kindred  life  was  active,  unless  in  all  these 
cases  it  suited  itself  to  the  altered  economy  of  its  food  plant. 
I  have  never  found  it  in  any  stage  in  the  Cotton  belt  in  the  early 
spring.  The  rapid  numerical  increase  of  individuals  in  the  native 
broods  may  be  owing  to  the  absence  of  parasitic  checks  which  have 
been  escaped  in  migrating,  and  left  behind  in  more  Southern  conn- 
tries.  On  the  other  hand,  Heliothis  armigera  is  a  resident  of  the 
United  States.  While  a  comparison  of  American  specimens 
{umlrosus)  Avith  European  individuals  {armigera)  affords  me  no  ap- 
parently valid  distinguishing  characters,  I  yet  remark  that  the 
larvae  have  not  been  compared.  1  am  not  yet  prepared  to  believe 
that  the  species  has  been  introduced  from  Europe,  feeding,  as  it 
does  here,  on  some  peculiarly  American  genera  of  plants.  Yet,  ac- 
cording to  Guen^e,  its  habitat  is  very  extended,  since  it  has  been 
taken  in  Australia,  where,  however,  it  may  have  been  introduced 
since  the  colonization  and  from  America.  It  occurs  apparently 
rarely  in  Europe,  whereas  it  is  here  common.  Has  it  reached 
Europe  by  a  westward  route  from  California  ?  We  shall  probably 
soon  write  after  its  habitat — the  world. 


HELIOCHILUS,  Grote  (1865). 

Ueliochilus  paradoxus,  Orote. 

The  aberrant  neuration  distinguishes  this  genus,  originally  de- 
scribed from  Colorado  Territory.  I  have  taken  the  species  in  Cen- 
tral Alabama,  apparently  only  differing  from  my  types  by  its  smaller 
size.  I  learn  that  the  genus  has  been  since  discovi'red  in  Northern 
Ilindostan. 


124 

CHARICLEA,  Kirby. 

Cliariclea  cxprimens. 

HeliotMs  exprimens,  Walker. 

Kepreseiits  in  the  Atlantic  District  the  European  Chariclea 
umbra,  Lederer  {HeliotMs  marginata,  Auct.). 

Argillophora,*  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Antennae  simple,  scaled,  pubescent  in  both  sexes.  Labial  palpi 
porrected,  curved,  coarsely  scaled,  held  apart  from,  but  not  exceeding,  the  front, 
divaricate.  Wings  rather  wide  and  subangulate.  Fore  wings  roundedly  pro- 
duced opposite  median  nervules,  below  which  the  external  margin  is  cut 
inwardly  to  internal  angle.  Hind  wings  with  rather  determinate  apices,  full 
about  median  nervules  and  a  little  inwardly  cut  before  anal  angle.  Primaries 
12-veined ;  3,  4,  5,  near  together,  5  near  4,  joined  by  a  portion  of  the  cross 
vein  which  is  discontinued,  leaving  the  cell  open.  An  accessory  cell  from  the 
middle  of  the  lower  margin  of  which  6  is  angulatedly  thrown  off  opposite  5  ; 
7  and  8  arise  together  from  the  outer  point  of  the  cell ;  9  out  of  8  to  costa 
just  before  apex ;  10  out  of  the  upper  margin  of  the  cell  near  its  apex  to 
costa ;  11  out  of  subcostal  nervure  opposite  2 ;  12  a  simple  nervure  to  costa 
near  11.  Hind  wings  with  two  internal  veins,  1  and  la ;  3  and  4  from  one 
point;  5  removed,  springing  from  the  cross  vein  which  beyond  its  inception, 
arcuatedly  closes  the  cell ;  6  and  7  from  one  point,  together ;  8  from  the  ner- 
vure at  a  point  within  the  inception  of  2.  Hind  tibiae  with  double  spurs. 
Body  linear;  abdomen  exceeding  the  secondaries,  with  very  minute  dorsal 
tufts. 

The  color  is  yellowish  buff,  wings  nearly  alike,  primaries  Avith  a 
white  angulate  fascia,  so  that  we  are  reminded  of  Leucania.  But  in 
the  arcuate  palpi,  the  wide  wings,  their  shape  and  the  neuration, 
we  see  that  we  have  to  do  with  a  form  allied  to  Spargaloma,  and 
belonging  to  a  very  different  group  of  the  family. 

Argillophora  furcilla,  Orote. 

i  S  . — Dull  creamy  buff,  shaded  with  blackish  obliquely  downwards  from 
the  apex  inwardly,  and  longitudinally  from  the  base  outwardly  over  the  me- 
dian space.  A  black  dot  at  base,  one  at  the  locality  for  the  orbicular,  and  one 
(sometimes  wanting)  at  the  extremity  of  the  cell,  all  parallel.     A  prominent 

^Ur. :     upyMog  et  ^ipo. 


125 

silvery  white  elbowed  band,  limited  by  black  scales  more  or  less  evidently, 
commences  at  the  base  of  the  wing  below  median  nervure,  and  runs  outwardly 
a  little  obliquely  and  downwardly,  not  attaining  the  internal  margin,  to  a 
point  beneath  the  second  black  dot,  whence  it  ascends  obliquely  outwardly  to 
the  extremity  of  the  discal  cell,  there  widening  and  terminating,  but  sending 
beyond  its  termination  on  either  side  a  continuing  streak,  the  outer  the  longer, 
limiting  inwardly  the  oblique,  dusky,  apical  shade.  Thus  the  termination  of 
the  white  fascia  is  more  or  less  furcate  in  appearance.  A  terminal  series  of 
black  dots ;  fringes  darker  than  the  wing.  Hind  wings  in  the  male  more  yel- 
lowish and  clear,  without  shades  or  markings,  in  the  female  more  or  less 
smoky,  in  either  sex  with  a  terminal  broken  black  line.  Beneath  the  prima- 
ries show  a  blackish  oblique  apical  shade  and  a  single  transverse  line,  pro- 
jected opposite  the  cell  and  more  evident  superiorly.  Hind  wings  faintly 
irrorate,  with  a  minute  discal  dot  and  a  subterminal  atomical  line  running 
straightly  across  the  wing,  not  coinciding  with  external  margin  and  sharply 
angulate  at  aboiit  vein  6,  thence  running  back  to  costa.  In  the  female  there 
is  a  blackish  cloud  at  apex  which  conceals  the  angulation  of  the  line,  the 
course  of  which  is  peculiar  to  the  group  to  which  this  form  belongs.  Body 
concolorous  with  wings;  thorax  above  minutely  irrorate  with  black  scales, 
and  these  black  scales  also  obtain  over  the  surface  of  primaries  at  base.  The 
few  dorsal  dots  along  the  abdomen  seem  raised  and  appear  as  incomplete 
tufts. 

Expanse,  24  m.  m.     Habitat,  Central  Alabama  in  July. 


Harreya,  n.  g. 

Eyes  naked,  ocelli ;  caputal  squamation  short  and  thick  ;  labial  palpi  free, 
exceeding  the  front ;  third  joint  half  the  length  of  the  second,  closely  scaled  ;  $ 
antennae  with  a  rather  long  cilial  fringe  across  the  joints  beneath,  converging 
at  the  sides;  tarsi  spinose;  legs  strong,  closely  scaled,  strongly  spurred. 
Body  stout,  smoothly  and  thickly  scaled,  in  general  form  like  Panopoda ; 
abdomen  not  exceeding  anal  angle  of  secondaries,  comparatively  stout  and 
thick,  pointed  at  anus.  Wings  broad,  densely  squamose  ;  primaries  with  the 
costa  arcuate  to  the  apices  which  are  squarely  cut,  the  external  margin 
descending  at  right  angles,  12  veined,  3,  4,  5  near  together,  5  half  the  distance 
from  4  that  separates  3  from  4,  cell  closed  centrally  by  a  fold,  G  opposite  5 
from  the  cross-vein  as  near  the  lower  angle  of  the  accessory  cell  as  5  from  4, 
7  and  8  together  from  the  apex  of  accessory  cell,  7  to  apex,  9  out  of  8  a  very 
short  furcation  to  costa  ;  cell  double,  divided  obliquely  centrally  by  a  vein 
which  seems  the  prolongation  of  10,  upper  side  of  the  cell  formed  by  11, 
which  anastomoses  with  10,  beyond  which  the  two  veins  are  thrown  olf  near 
together  to  costa.  Hind  wings  rounded,  8- veined,  two  internal  veins  (1  and 
la),  cell  open,  or  closed  by  an  incomplete  fold,  3  and  4  together,  5  a  little  re- 


126 

moved,  costal  and  subcostal  veins  anastomosing  at  base.  The  fringes  are  short; 
internal  margin  lengthily  haired ;  alar  squamation  dense.  The  species  is 
broad-winged,  stout,  allied  to  Panopoda,  Ouente,  and  Pleonectyptera,  Grote. 
The  whole  insect  is  dyed  of  a  pale  vermillion,  darker,  shaded  with  yellowish 
above,  and  in  its  bright  colors  recalls  both  Pleonectyptera  and  the  Geometri- 
dae ;  the  usual  lines  and  spots  are  absent.  It  has  something  of  the  compact 
appearance  of  Pseudophia. 

I  name  the  genus  after  Dr.  Leon  F.  Harvey,  Secretary  of  this 
Society,  whose  devotion  to  science  and  personal  amiability  merit 
the  only  recognition  it  is  in  my  power  to  bestow. 


Harveya  auripennis,  Orote. 

$  . — The  whole  insect  is  pale  vermillion  with  an  orange  cast,  shaded  above 
with  dead  buff  or  yellowish.  The  lines  are  obsolete  on  the  fore  wings  above. 
The  transverse  anterior  line  is  merely  indicated  by  two  or  three  geminate,  white 
and  black  scale  points.  The  transverse  posterior  line  is  pale,  even,  nearly  per- 
pendicular, angulated  opposite  the  cell,  thence  running  inwardly  obliquely  to 
internal  margin  ;  it  is  marked  by  black  and  white  scale  points  on  the  veins  ; 
the  line  appears  as  a  narrow  yellowish  thread-like  shade,  removed  towards 
the  external  margin.  The  reniform  is  sometimes  perceptible  as  a  vague  yellow- 
ish mark,  tolerably  large  and  of  the  usual  shape.  Outside  of  this  runs  the  pow- 
dery black  median  shade,  the  most  prominent  marking  of  the  wing,  sometimes 
obsolete  superiorly,  and  appearing  as  a  powdery  black  spot  on  internal  margin, 
near  the  base  of  the  t.  p.  line.  A  series  of  interspaceal  subterminal  black 
streaklets  followed  by  white  points  sometimes  faded  out.  There  is  a  pale 
faint  pruinose  shade  over  the  wing  subterminally,  which  spreads  over  the 
concolorous  hind  wings,  these  latter  show  no  other  marks  save  a  vague  contin- 
uation of  the  markings  of  the  t.  p.  line.  Beneath,  body  and  wings  brighter 
than  above,  without  markings,  though  a  faint  common  line  is  indicated. 
Terminal  joint  of  palpi  with  blackish  scales  ;  tarsi  black  ish  ;  legs  white  dotted 
at  the  knees  and  base  of  the  joints. 

Expanse  45  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Florida  (Charles  Linden  legit); 
Kentucky  (Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead,  No.  149). 


Spiloloma,''  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Front  without  projection.  Middle 
tibiae  sparsely  spinose  ;  fore  and  hind  tibiae  without  spines ;  all  the  tarsi- 
spinose.     Vein  5   of  the   hind    wings   equally   strong,   arising   very   near   4. 

^  (Jr.  :     GTCL'ko^  et  ?MfJ.a. 


127 

Abdomon  without  tufts.  Labial  palpi  well  developed,  hardly  exceeding  the 
vertex,  thickly  scaled  ;  third  joint  proportionally  long.  External  margin  of 
the  wings  waved.  Legs  closely  scaled ;  fore  tibiae  shortened  and  with  a 
swelling,  more  thickly  haired.  Antennae  scaled  above,  thickly  ciliate  beneath, 
with  a  lateral  longer  bristle  on  the  sides  of  each  joint.  Wings  wide ;  size 
rather  large  ;  body  proportionally  slender.  Squamation  smooth  and  flattened, 
without  tufts ;  between  the  antennae  the  scales  have  a  forward  direction  with- 
out forming  a  prominent  interantennal  tuft.  Head  proportionally  large. 
Collar  discolorous,  somewhat  wide ;  thorax  square  in  front,  rather  heavy  ; 
abdomen  proportionally  slender,  tapering,  fully  as  long  as  the  hind  wings. 

Differs  from  Leiicanitis  in  the  middle  tibiae  being  alone  spinose ; 
from  Catocala  in  the  waved  margin,  smooth  vestiture,  and  concol- 
orous  wings ;  from  Pseudopliia  by  the  non-spinose  hind  tibiae ; 
from  Harveya  by  the  spinose  middle  tibiae,  less  thickly  scaled 
middle  and  hind  legs,  broader  wings  with  waved  external  margins, 
stouter  palpi  and  slenderer  shape.  The  ornamentation  recalls 
Megachyta  lituralis,  and  certain  of  the  Geometridae. 


Spiloloma  luniliiiea,  Orotc. 

^  . — Pale  brownish  dove  color.  Collar  darker ;  body  concolorous.  Fore 
wings  with  obsolete  ornamentation.  Costal  edge  with  four  distinct  deep 
brown  liturate  spots  marking  the  inception  of  the  extra-basal,  transverse 
anterior,  median  shade  and  transverse  posterior  lines.  Below  these  the 
transverse  lines  are  merely  indicated  by  minute  nervular  dots.  The  median 
shade  is  very  faint,  linear,  somewhat  ochreous.  The  ordinary  spots  are  obsolete. 
Subterminal  line  faintly  indicated,  marked  on  costa  and  preceded  by  two 
costal  marks.  A  darker  shade  over  the  median  nervules  on  terminal 
space.  Hind  wings  concolorous,  with  the  t.  p.  line  continuous  and  formed 
by  minute  nervular  dots,  and  the  pale  subterminal,  faintly  indicated.  Beneath, 
without  markings,  except  a  quite  distinct  continued  dark  narrow  extra-mesial 
common  lunulated  line  drawn  across  botli  wings,  and  accentuated  on  costal 
region  of  primaries.      A  faint  discal  shade  spot  on  the  hind  wings. 

ExjMnse,  50  m.  m.  Hahitat,  West  Virginia  (coll.  Thco.  L.  Mead, 
No.  148). 

Our  actual  knowledge  of  our  Moths,  and  more  especially  the 
Noctuidae,  is  yet  too  indifferent  and  our  collections  too  meagre,  to 
allow  us  to  draw  any  stable  conclusions  with  regard  to  their  geo- 
graphical distribution.     While  certain  species  occur  from  California 


128 

to  Maine  and  southward  to  Texas,  as  for  instance  Heliothis  armi- 
gera,  and  certainly  show  little  or  no  local  variation,  it  is  possible 
that  others,  now  separated  by  us  specifically,  may  be  hereafter 
united  as  geographical  races.  The  important  work  of  Allen  on 
our  Birds,  shows  us  the  value  of  minute  comparisons  over  wide 
areas.  But  we  are  very  far  from  possessing  the  basis  for  such  intel- 
ligent comparisons  in  the  Moths.  Our  material  must  first  be 
named  and  the  differences,  such  as  we  find  them,  exhibited,  before 
we  can  properly  estimate  the  value  of  the  distinctions  we  perhaps 
may  at  first  overweigh. 

To  the  few  intelligible  figures  of  the  older  illustrators  and  the 
Species  General  of  M.  Guenee,  we  have  now  to  add  the  conscientious 
labors  of  Lederer  on  the  Pyralidae,  and  of  Zeller  on  Texan  Moths, 
increasing  the  number  of  observations  written  in  Europe  on  our 
Moths,  which  are  of  permanent  value.  On  the  other  hand  the 
otherwise  great  labor  displayed  in  the  compilation  of  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  has  been  thrown  away  by  the  careless  and 
incomplete  descriptions  it  embodies,  and  it  will  remain  a  constant 
obstacle  to  a  correct  synonymy  if  we  continue  to  recognise  it  as  an 
authority.  By  its  non-correction  we  are  brought  to  face  a  dilemma 
by  which  we  must  either  commit  an  act  of  violence  and  reject  the 
Catalogue  totally,  or  submit  to  the  study  of  a  repulsive  compilation 
from  whence  we  cannot  derive  either  correct  information  or  cer- 
tainty on  any  one  point  and  expose  our  lists  to  endless  and  irri- 
tating changes  at  the  dictum  of  the  British  Museum.  "While  the 
first  course  is  openly  advocated  by  many  European  scientists,  who 
are  in  reality  less  interested  in  the  matter  than  ourselves,  I,  for  one, 
must  prefer  the  latter  alternative,  as  I  elect  to  suffer  through  an 
injustice  rather  than  to  countenance  an  apparent  wrong. 


129 


VIII.    Descriptions  of  Noctuidae  principally  from 

California 

BY    AUG.    E.    GROTE. 
{Read  before  this  Society,  August  1, 1873.) 

I  OWE  to  the  kindness  of  Professor  A.  S.  Packard,  Jr.,  of  the 
Peabody  Academy  of  Science,  Salem,  Mass.,  a  collection  of  Moths 
from  California  and  the  Territory  of  Nevada,  for  study  and  identi- 
fication. The  collections  had  been  sent  by  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards  and 
Mr.  James  Behrens,  to  whom  credit  is  given  in  the  present  Paper. 
From  the  condition  of  some  of  the  specimens  and  the  necessity  of 
having  a  larger  material  for  examination,  I  have  not  been  able  to 
catalogue  the  entire  collection  at  the  present  writing,  and  hope  to 
be  able  to  turn  again  to  the  subject  on  receiving  the  necessary 
material. 

I  have  included  in  this  Paper  notes  on  certain  species  received 
from  other  correspondents  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  favor. 

Habrosyne  scripta  {Gossc). 

HaUtat,  Sitka  (coll.  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards,  No.  137). 

The  specimen  (in  poor  condition)  does  not  seem  to  differ  from 
our  Eastern  material.  The  species  is  very  near  the  European  IT. 
derasa.  This  genus  and  Thyatira  have  a  singular  distribution. 
Habrosyne  has  one  European  species,  derasa;  one  Asiatic,  gloriosa  ; 
one  North  American,  scripta.  Thyatira  is  credited  with  one  Euro- 
pean, Bat  is;  one  Asiatic,  vicina;  one  North  American  species, 
pudens.  The  specific  differences  in  each  genus  are  slight,  and  are 
perhaps  due  to  the  effects  of  climate,  since  our  N.  A.  species  of 
either  genus  are  brighter  colored  than  the  European.  I  remark, 
however,  that  the  larval  forms  of  our  species  are  unknown.    Again 

BUL.  BUP.   90C.   NAT.   SCI.  (1~)  AUGUST,   1873. 


130 

ii  must  be  remembered  that  the  species  are  all  Arctogaeal.  While 
both  genera  are  Bombyciform  Noctiiidae,  it  seems  natural  that  they 
should  favor  high  latitudes,  and  H.  scripta  may  be  spreading  south- 
wards on  this  continent.  We  have  it  from  Virginia,  but  I  have 
already  remarked  that  the  lepidopterous  fauna  of  the  Southern 
States  is  not  divisible  from  the  Middle  States,  until,  perhaps,  we 
come  to  the  Floridian  peninsula  and  Southern  Texas.  Hence  I 
would  attach  little  value  to  descriptions  of  species  principally  based 
on  Southern  localities,  e.  g.,  Grapta  Crmneri,  Scudder.  I  have  the 
Floridian  Harveya  auripennis,  also  from  Kentucky;  this  seems  to 
me  a  Southern  form  spreading  northwards,  since  the  group  to  which 
it  belongs  is  more  extensively  developed  as  we  progress  towards  the 
equator. 

Acronycta  lepusculina,  Guenee. 

Halitat,  California  (Mr.  Ily.  Edwards,  No.  72). 

Two  specimens  are  before  me  which  are  better  marked  beneath 
than  usual,  but  which  belong  evidently  to  this  species.  This  must 
not  be  confounded  with  A.  lupini,  Belir.  A  study  of  this  genus 
shows  that  the  specific  names  retained  under  it  represent  very  une- 
qual values.  Thus,  Acronycta  occidentalis,  Grote,  designates  a  form 
which  differs  exceedingly  slightly  in  the  imago  state  from  another, 
Acronycta  psi,  while  the  two  species  differ  very  strongly  as  larvae 
or  in  the  young  stage.  Again,  Acronycta  lobeliae,  Guenee,  repre- 
sents a  form  that,  comparatively  speaking,  cannot  be  mistaken  in 
any  stage,  as  far  as  known.  Yet  where  Ave  find  a  difference  we  are 
obliged  to  signalize  it,  the  rather  if  we  are  amenable  to  the  eviden- 
ces offered  by  the  theory  of  evolution  of  species  through  constantly 
acting  natural  laws.  Where,  as  in  Acronycta,  there  is  a  prevailing 
general  uniformity  in  the  appearance  of  the  images  of  a  single 
group  of  species,  and  generally  broad  distinctions  between  the  lar- 
val forms,  it  is  a  not  unreasonable  conclusion  that  these  larval 
differences  are  gradually  evolved  by  the  workings  of  a  natural  pro- 
tective law  which  intensifies  their  characters  in  the  direction  in 
which  they  are  serviceable  to  the  continuance  of  the  animal. 

Understanding  metamorphosis  in  insects  as  correlated  with  devel- 
opment,  and  as  a  growth-period   characterizing  a  more   sudden 


131 

escape  from  a  lower  uiid  more,  embryonic  physical  condition,  we 
may  consider  it  as  a  reminiscent  action,  marking  the  successive 
developmental  halts  in  the  kingdom,  throngh  which  it  is  given  to 
some  to  pass,  and  at  which  it  is  lated  that  others  shall  perish. 

AVithiu  the  tAvo  series  of  suborders  of  Hexapoda,  a  synthetic  type 
has  been  shown  by  Packard  to  exist  in  the  Neuroptcra.  In  compar- 
ing the  Lepidoptera,  a  synthesis  may  be  detected  in  the  Bombycidae. 
Thus  the  Lithosiinae  resemble  the  Pyralidae,  the  Arctiinae  the  Noc- 
tuidae,  the  Attacinae  the  Geometridae ;  lower  down  the  Cossinae  the 
Tineidae,  though  the  actual  interchange  of  the  two  latter  must  be 
doubted,  even  since  the  discovery  of  such  a  form  as  Morpheis,  per- 
haps the  most  extraordinary  form  of  the  suborder.  Professor  Pack- 
ard has  compared  the  thoracic  structure  of  Sthenopis  with  the 
Neuropterous  Polystichoetes.  And,  in  a  general  comparison  with 
the  Neuroptera,  the  Lepidoptera  are  seen  to  advance  along  a  line  of 
parallel  development.  Indeed  the  development  of  all  the  suborders 
is  at  least  biserial,  reflecting  the  progress  of  the  Order.  Thus  the 
Diurnals  resemble  the  higher  Neuroptera  in  the  position  of  the  wings, 
while  in  the  lower  Neuroptera  these  are  deflexed  as  in  the  Moths.  In 
considering  the  general  progression  of  the  Hexapoda,  the  Devonian 
and  earliest  forms  known  seem  to  be  Neuropterous,  nor  is  there  yet 
sufficient  evidence  to  prove  that  the  common  origin  of  Hexapoda 
is  to  be  carried  back  through  suborders  exclusively  fossil.  Yet  that 
the  position  of  the  Neuroptera  suggests  such  a  third  series,  which 
is  now  no  longer  living,  and  which  has  given  rise  to  the  Orthoptera, 
Ilemiptera  and  Coleoptera,  and  again  to  the  Diptera,  Lepidoptera 
and  Ilymenoptera,  cannot  be  denied.  And  that  the  Lepidoptera 
are  the  more  recent,  palaeontological  evidence  rather  confirms, 
while  we  should,  not  expect  the  Butterflies  to  be  largely  repre- 
sented among  the  floA,y;erless  forests  of  the  Carboniferous  period. 
On  general  grounds  Ave  shall  agree  that  the  common  origin  of  Tra- 
cheata  is  to  be  sought  in  the  Zoeaeform  Crustacea  as  suggested  by 
Hacckel.  Packard's  objection,  that  Lcptus  begins  life  on  a  higher 
level  than  Nauplius  can  hardly  lead  us  to  reject  the  crustacean  origin 
of  Hexapoda,  a  type  which  must  have  been  evolved  from  a  littoral 
biregional  ancestry.  In  studying  the  larval  forms  of  Hexapoda  Ave 
folloAV  Packard's  exposition  of  larA'al  types.  The  exceptional  posi- 
tion of  the  abdomen  in  the  young  Lachnostcrna  recalls  the  usual 


132 

Saw-fly  form,  while  the  larvae  of  the  Lepidoptera  more  generally 
resemble  the  young  stages  of  the  higher  Bees.  Hitherto  recorded 
observations  suggest  that  the  higher  Tracheata  have  been  evolved 
by  an  eifort  of  adaptation  to  a  land  life.  The  land  was  probably 
visited  at  first  irregularly  and  then  at  a  stated  life-period,  while  the 
Hexapodous  type  affords  an  ascending  series  of  grade  in  terrestrial 
adaptation.  The  consideration  of  the  general  longer  period  of  larval 
life  shows  a  connection  with  this  effort,  while  the  greater  equaliza- 
tion in  duration  of  the  periods  of  growth,  or  the  curtailment  of  the 
younger  stage  to  the  benefit  of  the  adult,  marks  a  permanent  ad- 
vance in  type  in  Hexapoda. 

In  examining  the  general  characters  offered  by  the  Lepidoptera, 
attention  has  been  already  directed  by  Agassiz  to  the  position  of  the 
wings.  The  elevation  of  both  pair  in  the  Papilionidae  necessitates 
a  single  muscular  action  in  the  act  of  assuming  flight.  In  the 
Moths  the  primaries  being  deflexed  and  the  hind  wings  doubled 
upon  themselves,  an  additional  muscular  movement  is  required 
and,  as  I  have  assured  myself,  the  wings  are  first  independently 
thrown  forward.  That  the  stronger-hued  Diurnals  are  in  all  proba- 
bility more  recent  in  time  than  the  Moths,  must  be,  in  default  of 
palaeontological  evidence,  as  yet  mere  surmise ;  yet  Castnia  sug- 
gests the  forms  through  which  the  Bombycidous  type  may  have 
passed. 

The  antennae  of  the  Lepidoptera  have  early  enlisted  the  attention 
of  classificators,  but  I  find  on  reflection  a  renewed  objection  to 
Boisduval's  terms  in  the  physical  unimportance  of  the  difference 
they  signalize.  On  comparing  the  antennae  of  the  Moths  and 
Butterflies  together,  we  should  be  rather  struck  by  their  rigidity 
and  uniform  length  in  the  latter  group.  The  flexibility  and 
diversity  of  the  appendages  to  the  joints  of  the  antennal  stem 
in  the  Moths,  point  to  a  more  active  use.  From  the  stout, 
rayed  and  short  antennae  of  Attacus,  to  the  thread-like,  simple 
and  lengthy  antennae  of  Adela,  there  is  a  wide  diversity,  in- 
dicative of  utilitarian  change.  When  we  remember  the  general 
habit  of  the  Moths,  the  necessity  for  a  development  of  their  percep- 
tive faculties,  independent  of  vision,  seems  obvious;  their  more 
sensitive  antennae  may  protect  them  from  many  enemies  their 
habit  exposes  them  to.     On  the  other  hand  the  Butterflies  are  more 


133 

protected  by  vision,  and  the  rigidity,  together  witli  the  general 
nniformity  of  the  aiilciinae,  seems  to  be  the  result  of  desuetude. 
Clemens'  experiment  in  the  excision  of  the  antennae  of  Platysamia 
ceeropia,  points  to  a  different  conclusion  from  that  reached  by  him, 
viz.:  that  the  antennae  are  instruments  of  atmospheric  palpation. 
The  power  of  hovering  was  hardly  lost  through  antcnnal  mutila- 
tion, but  suspended  through  the  consequent  loss  of  a  heavy  percent- 
age of  the  perceptive  faculties.  On  occasion  I  have  noticed  that  the 
loss  of  the  antennae  in  the  Butterflies  has  not  been  attended  by  an 
equivalent  result.  Finally  it  does  not  seem  reasonable  to  expect  a 
complete  differentiation  of  the  senses  in  the  Articulata. 


Admetovis,  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  hairy.  Front  full,  closely  scaled,  exceeded  by  the  roughly 
scaled  labial  palpi.  Antennae  shorter  in  the  male,  each  joint  provided  with 
rather  stout  corneous  lateral  pectinations,  giving  off  at  the  extremity  a 
stouter  bristle,  and  more  finely  bristled  beneath ;  in  the  female  longer  and 
simple.  The  tibiae  are  unarmed  ;  legs  stout  and  long.  The  body  is  long,  stout 
and  fusiform,  thorax  elevated,  rather  short,  crested  behind  ;  abdomen  long  and 
stout,  exceeding  the  secondaries  by  nearly  a  third  of  its  length.  In  the  female 
the  stout  ovipositor  is  notably  extruded.  The  maxillae  are  moderately  stout. 
The  wings  are  long,  with  very  straight  costal  margin  of  primaries,  rather  acute 
apices  and  oblique,  but  little  rounded,  hind  margin. 

Apparently  the  nearest  European  ally  to  our  genus  is  Brithys, 
from  which  Admetovis  differs  decidedly  in  the  shape  of  the  wings, 
the  extruded  $  ovipositor,  the  sexual  difference  in  the  antennal 
length,  and  stouter  maxillae. 


Admetovis  oxymonis,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  5,  2  . 

$  . — Bright  gray.  Median  lines  perpendicular,  accompanied  by  paler  shades, 
approximate,  irregular,  transverse  posterior  more  regularly  scalloped.  Orbicu- 
lar rather  large,  subquadrate,  double-ringed,  concolorous.  Reniform  whitish 
with  a  brown  internal  annulus,  claviform  indistinct.  Subterminal  space  pale, 
washed  with  a  delicate  brown,  deepening  in  color  to  the  strongly  expressed 
subterminal  line  which  is  the  most  prominent  feature  of  the  wing.  The  line 
appears  to  arise  on  the  external  margin  at  vein  8  below  the  apices,  whence  it 
runs  inwardly,  meeting  the  margin  again  at  the  extremity  of  vein  4;  here  it 
runs  inwardly  again,  shortly  dentate  on  vein  3,  forming  a  wide  scallop  and 


134 

joining  tlie  internal  margin  midway  between  tlie  angle  and  the  base  of  tbe 
transverse  posterior  line.  It  is  of  an  intense  deep  brown  with,  a  thread-like 
white  outer  border.  The  gray  terminal  space  is  thus  divided  by  it  into  unequal 
portions.  An  interrupted  black  terminal  line ;  the  gray  fringes  are  a  little 
produced  at  the  extremity  of  the  nervules.  Hind  wings  obscure  ochrey  white, 
with  a  light  brownish  difiFuse  exterior  shade  ;  the  nervules  incompletely  marked 
with  dark  scales  and  a  subcontiuuous  marginal  black  line ;  fringes  whitish 
with  an  internal  dark  line.  Tegulae  gray,  contrasting  with  the  light  brown 
collar  and  thoracic  disc  and  tuft ;  abdomen  colored  like  the  secondaries.  Be- 
neath the  wings  are  pale,  shaded  with  reddish  over  the  apices  and  costal  mar- 
gins, sparsely  dusted  with  dark  scales,  with  a  common  exterior  line  emphasized 
on  the  veins  and  faint  discal  dots  more  apparent  on  the  hind  wings  ;  a  faint 
subterminal  line  appears  contrasted  by  the  diflference  in  tone  of  the  subterm- 
inal  and  terminal  shades. 

Expanse,  46  m.  m.  'Length  of  body,  24  m.  m.  (including  ovipositor). 
HaUtat,  California,  Sierra  Nevada  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  2733). 

^  . — At  first  siglit,  and  with  a  different  locality,  the  specimen  I  re- 
gard as  belonging  to  this  species,  would  not  be  considered  as  refera- 
ble to  it.  The  thorax  and  fore  wings  are  uniformly  gray  sprinkled 
with  darker  scales.  The  reniform  is  concolorous  and  both  spots  rel- 
atively larger.  The  most  prominent  difference  is  expressed  by  the 
absence  of  the  contrasting  light  and  brown  color  of  the  subterminal 
space,  which  is  here  concolorous.  The  subterminal  line  is,  however, 
here  brown,  distinct,  and  in  its  general  course  the  same  as  in  the 
opposite  sex ;  it  forms  a  more  evident  W-shaped  mark  by  its  denta- 
tions on  veins  4  and  3 ;  it  runs  backward  above  vein  8  to  costa, 
leaving  the  apices  gray;  however  a  faint  trace  of  this  action  is  visi- 
ble in  the  female,  in  which  the  apices  are  concolorous  and  apparently 
fused  with  the  subterminal  space.  The  hind  wings  are  more  whitish 
with  a  more  determinate  darker  band  and  beneath  the  specimen 
lacks  the  reddish  shade  of  the  female,  with  an  otherwise  similar 
appearance  of  the  wings. 

Expanse,  4G  m.  m.    Lengtlt  of  hody,  22  m.  m.    Ilahitat,  Colorado 
Territory  (coll.  Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead,  No.  54,  "V,). 


A^rotis  Vancoiivereiisisj  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  4,  5  . 

i  . — Light  brown  with  pale  shadings.  A  very  broad  distinct  basal  dash, 
widening  outwardly,  extends  into  the  median  space,  apparently  concealing  the 
clavif(M'ni.     T.  a.  line  strongly  dentate  inferiorly.    Discal  spots  set  in  the  lihick 


135 

fillini;  of  tho  coll.  Transverc  posterior  line  unusually  sharply  denticulato ;  the 
pale  subtermiiuil  line  preceded  by  large  cuneifonu  brown  marks.  An  inter- 
rupted black  terminal  line  on  the  margin  ;  fringes  light  brown.  Hind  wings 
fuscous  without  markings,  save  from  the  reflection  of  the  black  and  distinct 
discal  liture  of  the  under-surface  ;  fringes  as  on  primaries.  Beneath  fuscous 
without  markings  except  the  discal  spots,  which  are  unusually  broad  on  tho 
secondaries.     Thorax  above  browu  with  darker  lines  on  tho  collar. 

Expanse,  40  m.  ni.  HaUtat,  Vancouver's  Island  (coll.  Mr.  Ily. 
Edwards,  No.  2G2-i). 

A  rather  large,  broad-winged  species,  allied  to  A.  obeliscoidcs  and 
A.  venerabilis,  differing  by  the  dentate  and  distinct  transverse  pos- 
terior line. 

Agrotis  saucia  {Hiibner). 

Habiiai,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  157).  The  Amer- 
ican specimens,  described  by  Harris  as  Agrotis  inermis,  are  not  dis- 
tinguished. In  the  same  way  Harris  describes  our  specimens  de- 
termined by  Guenee  as  Agrotis  suffusa,  under  the  name  of  Agrotis 
telifera. 


Agrotis  Wilsoui,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  3,  $  . 

$  . — Hind  and  middle  tibiae  spinose.  Eyes  naked.  Antennae  bristled,  the 
joints  with  lateral  fascicles.  Fore  wings  singular  in  appearance,  as  if  overlaid 
from  the  base  to  the  terminal  space  with  a  smooth  olivaceous-ochrey  shade,  in 
which  the  distinct,  black,  pale-circled,  attenuate  ordinary  spots  appear  as  if 
cut  out.  At  the  base  of  the  wing  are  some  blackish  marks  indicating  the  basal 
half-line.  On  costa  there  is  a  darker  somewhat  ferruginous  shade  preceding 
the  inception  of  the  subterminal  line,  which  is  inwardly  dentate  opposite  the 
cell  and  may  appear  by  contrast  against  the  blackish  terminal  space.  No  or 
very  faint  traces  of  the  ordinary  lines.  Terminal  line  a  series  of  very  distinct 
black  linear  marks.  Secondaries  fuscous,  a  little  paler  basally,  with  whitish 
faintly  interlined  fringes.  Beneath  very  pale,  without  lines,  but  with  the 
reniform  on  the  primaries  distinctly  reproduced  and  a  black  discal  comma 
mark  on  the  hind  wings.  Thorax  with  ferruginous  shades  on  the  collar  and 
centrally  ;  abdomen  pale  ochreous  with  the  anal  hairs  reddish. 

Expanse,  37  m.  m.  IlaUtat,  California  (Mr.  James  Behrens, 
No.  12).  I  know  of  no  species  resembling  this  in  ornamentation. 
I  respectfully  dedicate  the  species  to  Mr.  Walter  T.  Wilson,  whose 
services  to  Natural  Science  deserve  to  be  held  in  remembrance. 


136 

Ammoconia  badicolliSj  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  18,  ?  . 

S  . — Eyes  naked,  strongly  lashed.  Middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose.  Abdomen 
narrow,  without  tufts,  anal  segment  laterally  compressed.  Thorax  with  a 
slight  tuft  behind  the  collar,  the  latter  medially  produced.  Gray,  powdered 
with  brown,  with  a  warm  tint  which  becomes  reddish  on  the  iinder-surface  of 
the  wings.  Primaries  with  the  ordinary  lines  partially  effaced.  The  incep- 
tions of  the  basal,  transverse  anterior  and  transverse  i:)Osterior  lines  are  marked 
with  blackish  brown  on  costa ;  between  the  first  two  the  costal  region  is  free 
from  brown  scales.  T.  a.  line  skirting  the  large,  concolorous,  decumbent  orbic- 
ular, beneath  which  it  is  very  fine,  arcuate  outwardly  on  submedian  interspace, 
running  inwardly  on  vein  1,  again  outwardly  projected  to  internal  margin.  A 
short  brown  shade  on  the  cell  connects  the  transverse  vaguely-outlined  reni- 
form,  which  is  hardly  as  large  as  the  orbicular.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  consisting 
of  a  pale  included  space  margined  inwardly  by  an  obsolete  line,  and  marked 
outwardly  by  black  and  white  nervular  dots  obsolete  superiorly.  Subterminal 
line  whitish,  more'  or  less  fragmentary  and  irregular,  preceded  by  a  brown 
shade.  A  terminal  lunulated  deep  brown  line  corresponding  to  the  slightly 
waved  external  margin.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous,  with  pale  fringes  and 
depressed  external  margin  opposite  the  cell.  Beneath,  the  wings  are  reddish 
along  costal  and  external  margins,  show  rather  distinct  linear  discal  marks 
and  a  common  exterior  transverse  blackish  line.  Body  parts  beneath  tinged 
with  reddish,  legs  brownish.  Palpi  prominent,  brown  at  the  sides.  Collar 
contrasting,  clear  pale  leather  brown,  with  a  distinct  superior  black  line. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m.  Habitat,  Albany,  N.  Y.  (Mr.  J.  A.  Lintner, 
No.  2558). 


Pleouectopoda,^  n.  g. 

Eyes  naked,  with  lashes.  All  the  tibiae  spinose;  anterior  pair  with  a  longer 
lateral  spinule  at  the  extremity  of  the  joint,  at  the  termination  of  each  row  of 
spinules.  Head  thickly  haired  and  thus  concealing  a  flattened  clypeal  protu- 
berance. Tongue  strong,  corneous.  Male  antennae  with  the  edges  of  the 
auteunal  joints  projected,  bristled  in  lateral  tufts.  Size  moderate,  ornamenta- 
tion Agrotiform. 

The  single  species  differs  from  Agrotis  by  the  lashes  of  the  eyes 
and  from  Cladoccra  by  the  corneous  tongue.  lu  the  tibial  armature 
the  genus  resembles  Mamestra  E  h.  The  vestiture  of  the  head  and 
thorax  is  hairy  and  thick ;  behind  the  centrally  projected  collar  a 
mesial  crest  of  elevated  hair  traverses  the  thoracic  disc. 

^  Gr.:     (SXeovexTu  et  Trovg. 


137 

Pleoncctopoda  Leivisi,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  10,  i. . 

$  . — Reddish  purple  brown,  not  unlike  Agrotis  plecta  or  kucostigma  in  gen- 
eral color,  but  more  robust  and  without  the  pale  longitudinal  shades  on  prima- 
ries. Transverse  lines  obliterate.  Median  lines  dark,  narrow,  faint ;  t.  p.  line 
sublunulate,  projected  opposite  the  cell,  running  evenly  to  internal  margin. 
Ordinary  spots  large,  concolorous,  with  a  narrow  pale  powdery  edging,  sepa- 
rated by  a  black  well-defined  shade  which  fills  up  the  cell  and  is  slightly  ap- 
parent before  the  orbicular.  Median  shade  apparent  below  the  orbicular  and 
approximate  to  the  t.  p.  line.  Subterminal  line  pale.  Terminal  space  duller, 
paler,  less  red  than  the  rest  of  the  wing ;  no  terminal  line,  fringes  concolorous. 
Hind  wings  pale  testaceous  fuscous,  silky,  without  marks  above  or  below. 
Head  and  thorax  reddish  ;  feet  pale  dotted  ;  abdomen  a  little  darker  than  sec- 
ondaries. Costal  edge  of  primaries  with  anteapical  pale  dots,  visible  on  the 
red-stained  costal  edge  beneath.  The  fore  wings  beneath  are  like  secondaries, 
without  marks. 

Exjmnse,  34  m.  m.  Ilahitat,  Colorado  Territory  (No.  31,  coll. 
Theo.  L.  Mead). 

Named  in  memory  of  Joseph  S.  Lewis,  late  of  this  Society,  a 
student  of  Entomology,  who  perished  untimely  by  the  railroad 
accident  at  Angola  on  the  18th  day  of  December,  18G7,  at  the  age 
of  24  years. 


Eupsephopaectes,  n.  g. 

Eyes  hairy,  without  lashes ;  antennae  (  $  )  of  the  usual  length,  scaled  above, 
pilose  beneath,  with  two  short  stout  bristles  to  each  joint;  front  closely  scaled, 
without  prominence,  rather  narrow ;  tongue  long  and  corneous ;  legs  unarmed ; 
thorax  subquadrate  with  a  slight  anterior  and  more  prominent  posterior  crest ; 
abdomen  with  a  dorsal  ridge  but  (  2  )  untufted.  Head  prominent ;  the  caputal 
squamation  is  massed  between  the  antennae,  front  untufted.  Palpi  prominent, 
exceeding  the  front,  directed  obliquely  forwards,  closely  scaled.  Wings  elon- 
gate and  rather  narrow ;  primaries  widening  outwardly,  with  straight  costal 
edge ;  apices  very  slightly  blunted ;  external  margin  short,  evenly  rounded  ; 
internal  margin  subsinuate.  Hind  wings  moderate,  exceeded  by  the  abdomen. 
The  fringes  and  the  external  margins  of  both  wings  lightly  scalloped.  Orna- 
mentation Iladena-like ;  mimicking  the  Sphiugid  genus  Dupo. 

The  genus  differs  at  once  from  all  the  genera  allied  to  Hadena 
(with  which  I  would  associate  it),  such  as  Prodenia,  Brotolomia, 
Plilogophora,  Euplexia,  Jaspidea,  by  its  distinctly  hairy  eyes.    From 

BUL.  BUF.   SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (18)  AUGUST,   1873. 


138 

Mamestra  by  the  sinuate  internal  margin  of  the  primaries  and  the 
more  produced  apices.  The  moth  is  extraordinary  for  the  resem- 
blance which  its  primaries  present  to  those  of  Dupo  ^■itis  or  D. 
Linnei.     The  resemblance  to  Prodenia  is  therefore  also  strong. 


Enpsepliopaectes  procinctnsj  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  6. 

?  . — The  dark  greenish-black  ground-color  of  the  primaries  has  a  light 
purple  cast  along  costa  and  over  the  narrow  defined  external  margin.  The 
bands  and  lines  are  pale  brownish-ochrey.  The  median  nervure  and  veins  3 
and  4  are  striped  with  -pale  ochreous  scales  to  subtermiual  line.  The  trans- 
verse anterior  line  is  angulated,  geminate  and  margins  obliquely  outwardly, 
below  median  nervure,  a  triangulate  basal  patch  of  the  ground  color,  the  inner 
pale  margin  of  which  is  furnished  by  a  purplish  shade  extending  obliquely 
upwardly  from  the  base  of  the  wing,  while  a  pale  streak  above  internal  margin 
provides  the  base  of  the  triangle.  The  ordinary  spots  are  opposedly  oblique, 
pale  and  double-ringed,  and  hence  enclose  a  V-shaped  dark  space  of  the  ground 
color  on  the  cell.  A  broad  pale  ochrey  band  runs  downwardly  obliquely  from 
the  apices  to  vein  1,  which  it  joins  at  the  extremity  of  the  transverse  anterior 
line.  The  pale  single  transverse  posterior  line  accompanies  this  band  from  vein 
5  downwards,  it  is  dentate  on  5  and,  above  it,  runs  inwardly  upwardly  to  costa, 
which  it  joins  above  the  reniform.  The  subterminal  line  appears  below  the 
oblique  apical  band  as  a  series  of  pale  interspaceal  streaks  followed  by  dark 
dots  of  the  ground  color  of  the  wing  before  the  purplish  contrasting  terminal 
space,  which  latter  shows  double  terminal  hair-lines ;  fringes  pale.  Internal 
margin  striped  with  ochrey  brown.  Secondaries  fuscous,  whitish  towards  base 
and  centrally ;  veins  dark  ;  fringes  pale,  white-tipped,  with  a  middle  dark  line. 
Beneath,  with  reddish  powderings  ;  on  secondaries  a  discal  dot.  Tegulae  pale 
ochrey,  with  dark  marginal  lines.  Collar  with  several  alternate  pale  and  dark 
hair-lines,  neatly  marked. 

Expanse,  45  m.  ni.  Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards, 
No.  73). 


Mamestra  cliartaria,  G-rote,  Plate  4,  fig.  12,  $  . 

i  9  . — Eyes  hairy ;  fore  tibiae  unarmed ;  the  species  belongs  to  Lederer's 
section  E  c,  and  resembles  in  color,  size  and  appearance  M.  alhifusa  and  M. 
chenopodii.  Gray,  shaded  with  olivaceous  testaceous,  all  the  markings  distinct 
and  colors  clear.  Basal  half-line  geminate,  black,  distinctly  marked  (as  are  all 
the  other  lines)  on  costa,  with  included  white  scales.  T.  a.  line  similar  in  ap- 
pearance, the  inner  line,  below  the  costa,  less  distinct.  Claviform  blunt  and 
rounded,  dark-shaded.    Orbicular  rather  large,  pale  and  sometimes  undefined. 


139 

lleniform  exceedingly  largo  aud  cliaracteristic  ;  it  is  lilled  in  infcriorly,  over 
the  inception  of  the  m.  nervules,  by  a  blackish  blotch.  Median  shade  approxi' 
mate  to  the  reniform,  a  blackish  streak  well  marked  on  costa,  Init  below  the 
reniform  appearing  as  an  inwardly  slightly  oblique  lunulated  line.  T.  p.  line 
like  the  other  lines,  sinuon.s,  not  much  exserted,  lunulate  with  white  included 
scales.  Two  white  costal  dots  before  the  subterminal,  on  a  darker  costal  shade 
which  precedes  the  subterminal  line  on  costal  region  to  vein  7.  Subterminal 
similar  to  the  other  lines,  without  a  very  prominent  W-mark  ;  the  narrow  ter- 
minal space  is  dark  and  appears  as  a  prominent  spot  opposite  the  cell ;  a  den- 
tate terminal  line ;  fringes  cut  with  dark  scales  as  in  allied  species.  Hind 
wings  paler  in  the  5  ,  with  a  line  and  diffuse  darker  border  in  either  sex ;  fringes 
whitish.  Beneath  pale,  with  a  very  distinct  dark  common  line,  accented  on  the 
veins,  and  diffuse  subterminal  darker  shades ;  discal  litures  more  or  less  evident. 
The  abdomen  is  not  crested,  except  incompletely  at  base,  terminates  squarely  in 
either  sex,  and  without  any  external  appearance  of  the  oviduct  in  the  female. 
Male  antennae  ciliate  beneath,  impectinate,  scaled.  Thorax  colored  like  fore 
wings  with  blackish  lines  on  collar  and  margining  the  tegulae. 

Expanse,  34  to  36  m.  m.  Hahitat,  California  (colls.  Mr.  James 
Behrcus,  Xos.  6  and  15,  and  Mr.  Henry  Edwards,  No.  173).  Less 
glaucous  than  the  European  M.  sodae,  II.-S.,  figs.  GG-67,  and  differ- 
ing in  the  details  of  the  ornamentation. 


Mamestra  cuneata,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  9,  $  . 

i  $  . — Eyes  hairy ;  fore  tibiae  unarmed,  size  small,  abdomen  dorsally  with 
small  tufts  which  are  more  regular  in  the  female ;  the  species  belongs  struc- 
turally to  the  same  group  as  M.  latex.  Wood-brown  with  ashen  shades,  a 
black  basal  streak  supporting  the  half-line.  The  median  lines  are  geminate 
with  included  pale  ashen  shades,  and  approach  each  other  on  the  submedian 
interspace  above  vein  1,  where  the  claviform,  concolorous  with  the  dark  me- 
dian space,  nearly  approaches  the  t.  p.  line.  Ordinary  spots  similar  in  appear- 
ance, pale  ashen,  obovate.  The  t.  p.  line  is  succeeded  by  pale  nervular  dots. 
The  subterminal  space  becomes  paler  before  the  subterminal  line  and,  on  the 
submedian  fold,  at  the  inward  angulation  of  the  pale  s.  t.  line,  there  is  a  distinct 
deep  yellow  (ever  green?)  cuneiform  mark.  The  W-mark  is  obsolete ;  terminal 
space  dark,  concolorous  with  median.  A  terminal  whitish  dentated  hair-line,  the 
dentations  alternating  with  black  lines,  and  preceded  by  black  points.  Secon- 
daries dark  fuscous  with  paler  interlined  fringes.  Beneath  fuscous  with 
warmer  costal  tints  and  faint  common  line.  Thorax  lined ;  tegulae  more  or 
less  conspicuously  whitish. 

Expanse,  30  to  33  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (coll,  Mr.  Ily.  Ed- 
wards, N"o.  175).     Four  specimens  examined. 


140 

Mainestra  niyeiguttata,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  16,  3  . 

i  ?  , — Eyes  hairy ;  female  abdomen  pointed  at  the  extremity,  but  without 
perceptible  extrusion  of  the  oviduct.  The  shape  of  the  $  abdomen  seems  to 
be  intermediate  between  Dianthoecia  and  Mamestra,  and  to  weaken  the  validity 
of  the  former  genus.  Size  quite  small,  smaller  than  conspurcata.  Wood' 
brown,  with  the  usual  lines  black,  geminate,  without  any  included  whitish 
shades.  Claviform  small ;  orbicular  vague,  a  little  paler  than  the  ground  color. 
Reniform  large,  with  a  double  cuneiform  white  spot  at  the  extremity  of  the 
median  nervure,  divided  by  vein  4.  Subterminal  space  deepening  in  color  to 
the  pale  subterminal  line,  which  latter  lacks  the  usual  W-shaped  mark,  and 
contrasting  with  the  pale  terminal  space.  Terminal  pale  dentate  line,  as  in 
cuneata,  but  reduced  to  pale  dots.  Hind  wings  very  dark  fuscous.  Beneath  a 
little  paler,  with  faint  common  transverse  line.  Body  vestiture  dark.  Abdom- 
inal tufts  obsolete,  except  at  base. 

Expanse,  26  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards, 
No.  796).    Five  specimens,  in  good  condition,  examined. 


Mamestra  (Dianthoecia  'I)  leuco^ramma,  Orote. 

$  . — Eyes  hairy.  Smaller  than  filigramma,  and  with  the  yellow  scales  con- 
fined to  the  subterminal  line,  before  which  they  appear  as  minute  guttiform 
marks,  following  interspaceal  cuneiform  black  dots.  Median  lines  with  dis- 
tinct white  centers,  dentate  or  denticulate.  The  ground  color  is  an  olivaceous 
wood-brown.  Ordinary  spots  moderate,  rather  vague,  paler  than  the  ground 
color.  Subterminal  line  white.  Secondaries  dark  fuscous,  becoming  paler 
basally,  with  whitish  fringes.  Beneath  the  secondaries  are  palest,  primaries 
fuscous ;  a  common  line  and  subterminal  fuscous  shading.  Thorax  like  the 
fore  wings  ;  abdomen  untuf ted,  except  at  base. 

Ex^Kinse,  32  m.  m.  Hal)itat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards, 
No.  2198).  The  discovery  of  the  female  may  place  the  species  in 
Dianthoecia. 


Mamestra  (Dianthoecia?)  4-lineata,  6V<?«e,  Plate  4,  fig.  15, 3. 

5  . — Size  small.  Eyes  hairy.  Primaries  whitish  gray ;  the  median  space 
powdered  with  blackish,  contrastingly  dark,  wedge-shaped,  owing  to  the 
course  of  the  geminate  median  lines.  Of  these  the  transverse  anterior  runs 
outwardly  oblique,  leaving  the  sub-basal  space  wide.  The  ordinary  spots  are 
smaller  than  usual  and  appear  more  crowded,  tolerably  distinct,  pale  with 
dark  rings,  rounded,  with  dark  central  scales,  while  a  reddish  stain  obtains  be- 
tween them  and  soils  the  reniform  ;  the  small  claviform  is  distinctly  marked. 


141 

Beyond  the  wliite-slinded  transverse  posterior  line  the  wing  in  again  pale  as  it 
is  sub-basally,  with  the  s.  t.  line  ill  defined,  but  is  remarkable  for  a  broad  black 
dash  which  accompanies  vein  2.  Ilind  wings  white,  a  little  stained  apically 
with  testaceous,  without  marks,  remarkable  for  faintly  repeating  the  black 
dash  on  the  primaries  at  the  same  place — vein  3.  On  the  pale  under-surface  a 
common  line  is  feebly  indicated,  while  the  secondaries  show  a  discal  dot. 

Expanse,  26  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards, 
No.  17G).  Three  5  specimens  examined.  The  female  may  have  an 
extruded  oviduct,  and  then  we  should  refer  the  species  to  Dian- 
thoecia.  The  pale  color  of  the  species  is  noticeable,  reminding  us 
somewhat  of  capsularis,  from  Avhich  it  is  very  distinct. 

Oncocnemis  Glenn yi,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  17,  $, . 

t . — Eyes  naked,  with  lashes.  Caputal  and  thoracic  vestiture  coarsely  hairy, 
mixed  with  flattened  scales.  Fore  tibiae  with  a  stout  terminal  claw.  Antennae 
subsimple,  pubescent.  Ornamentation  distinct.  Fore  wings  uniform  dusty  ashen, 
very  slightly  silky.  Transverse  anterior  line  perpendicular,  blackish,  narrowly 
toothed  below  costa,  acutely  lunulate  on  submedian  space  and  again  below 
vein  1.  Ordinary  spots  larger  than  usual.  Orbicular  nearly  spherical,  decum- 
bent ovate,  concolorous,  with  a  faint  nucleus,  edged  by  a  blackish  shade  more 
distinct  on  the  cell  before  and  behind  the  spot.  Reniform  quite  large,  erect, 
not  constricted,  like  the  orbicular  in  appearance.  Median  shade  apparent, 
approximate  to  t.  p.  line  below  the  reniform.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  the  outer 
line  obliterate,  inner  distinct,  blackish,  inwardly  lunulate,  marked  on  costa 
above  the  reniform,  of  the  usual  general  shape.  Subterminal  line  continued, 
of  the  usual  appearance,  pale,  preceded  by  blackish  cuneiform  shades.  Termi- 
nal line  blackish,  formed  by  narrow  subcontinuous  interspaceal  lunules ; 
fringes  long,  slightly  silky,  concolorous.  Hind  wings  dusty  fuscous,  with  a 
tolerably  well  expressed  wide  blackish  terminal  border  ;  fringes  pale,  with  an 
internal  darker  shade  line.  Beneath  paler,  with  discal  points  and  an  extra 
mesial  common  line,  discontinued  inferiorly  on  primaries  and  accentuated  on 
the  veins  of  the  hind  wings.  Thorax  and  head  above  concolorous  with 
primaries. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m.  Habitat,  Colorado  Territory,  July  20th  (coll. 
Theo.  L.  Mead,  No.  3G). 

In  the  appearance  of  the  i)rimaries  this  species  approaches  0. 
Hayesi ;  the  hind  wings  are  more  like  0.  Chandleri  and  the  Euro- 
pean species.  The  large  size  of  the  ordinary  spots  and  the  more 
usual  ornamentation  distinguish  it. 

-  I  name  this  species  after  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Glenny,  Jr.,  Secretary,  in 
acknowledgment  of  liis  kind  interest  in  the  welfare  of  this  iSocietv. 


142 

Oncocnemis  Cliaudleri,  Grote. 

Habitat,  Nevada  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  2739). 

Hadena  arctica,  Boisduval. 

Habitat,  Sierra  Nevada,  Cal.  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  3513). 

Hadena  Bridghami,  Grote. 

Habitat,  Sierra  Nevada,  Cal.  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  3510). 

The  single  ?  specimen  is  in  bad  condition,  but  from  its  whitish 
secondaries  and  smaller  size,  while  the  ornamentation  of  the  pri- 
maries is  very  similar,  compared  with  arctica,  it  seems  to  be  this 
species. 

Hadena  dubitans  (Walker),  Grote. 

Habitat,  Sierra  Nevada,  Cal.  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  3512). 

Hydroecia  cataphracta,  Grote. 

Gortyna  cataphracta  liuj.  scrip. 

Renewed  examinations  show  me  tlrat  the  clypeus  is  smooth  and 
has  no  tubercle.  I  correct  then  my  former  generic  reference  in  these 
pages.  The  species  can  no  longer  be  held  to  represent  the  European 
Gortyna  flavago  on  this  continent,  though  the  two  are  similar  in 
aj)pearance  and  color. 

Gortyna  piirpurifascia,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

A  male  from  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  135),  seems 
to  be  this  species,  while  differing  by  the  more  yellowish  median 
spots  on  the  fore  Avings.  I  have  no  longer  my  original  material. 
The  male  from  California  has  a  distinct  clypeal  tubercle,  and  hence, 
if  my  present  determination  holds,  the  only  species  to  be  referred 
to  Gortyna  is  the  present;  all  the  others  wanting  this  tubercle, 
are  to  be  referred  to  Hydroecia,  as  I  have  already  catalogued  them. 


143 

G.  pupuriAiscia  is  to  be  distinguished  by  the  shape  and  course  of  the 
transverse  posterior  line  which  is  not  outivardlij  exserted  ojyjwsite  the 
cell,  where  it  is  bent  in  catai)liracfa  and  the  otlier  species  originally 
referred  to  Gortyna. 

Ampliipyra  pyramidoidcsj  Guenee. 

Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  James  Behrens,  No.  9). 

The  specimen  does  not  differ  from  Eastern  material  in  our  collec- 
tions." 
Agrotis  dejiressiis,  Grote,  Can.  Nat.,  belongs  to  Amphipyra. 

Noctua  claiulestiua,  Harris. 

Habitat,  Sierra  Nevada,  Cal.  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  3503). 

The  specimen  does  not  differ  from  our  Eastern  material  which  I 
determine  as  Harris'  species.  But,  on  the  other  hand.  Fitch's  fig.  6, 
Plate  5, 1st  and  2d  Eeports,  can  hardly  represent  this  species,  though 
I  fancy  the  figure  is  very  bad. 

Xyloniiges  cnrialis,  Grote. 

6  . — Eyes  liairy ;  antennae  thickly  bristled  beneath,  with  the  joints  distinct 
at  the  sutures,  centrally  -widened.  Caputal  vestiture  rough,  extended  for- 
wards between  the  antennae  ;  palpi  lengthily  haired ;  tongue  stout,  long,  tes- 
taceous. Thorax  quadrate,  with  a  small  posterior  tuft ;  collar  raised  in  front. 
Abdomen  with  a  dorsal  tuft  at  base.  Fore  wings  narrow,  elongate  with  den- 
tate fringes.  Very  dark  gray,  all  the  transverse  lines  broken  and  more  or  leas 
indistinct  and  incomplete.  Remarkable  for  the  veins  being  all  marked  by 
black  scales,  interrupted  with  pale  dots.  Claviform  and  orbicular  quite  small, 
void.  The  angulate  blackish  diffuse  median  shade  is  tolerably  distinct.  Reni- 
form  moderate,  indistinctly  margined,  with  a  reddish  stain  which  seems  to  be 
shared  in  a  slight  degree  by  the  claviform  and  orbicular.  Subterminal  line 
continued,  narrow,  pale,  angulated  below  costa  and  interspaceally  preceded 
centrally  by  evident  dark  brown  marks.  Terminal  line  very  narrow,  hardly 
distinct  with  a  following  pale  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringes.  Secondaries 
white,  with  a  terminal  lunulate  broken  line  ;  fringes  white.     Beneath  whitish, 

2  "It  is  here,  as  in  almost  every  other  genus  and  Family,  the  closet  systematist  divides  up 
and  arranges  with  insufficient  knowledge  of  the  vai-iution  which  species  are  subject  to,"  i.  e. 
Amphipyra  conspersa,  Riley,  "which  affords,"  "on  the  very  face  of  it,"  "good  food  for  a 
reflecting  mind."    (3d  Missouri  Report.) 


144 

apices  of  primaries  with  a  light  purple  staiu  (which  may  be  accidental),  a  dot- 
ted transverse  exterior,  and  terminal  line,  fringes  dark.  Hind  wings  white,  a 
black  discal  dot,  a  black  dotted  median  and  terminal  line,  slightly  dusted  with 
dark  scales  along  costa.  Head  and  thorax  dark  griseous,  like  primaries ;  abdo- 
men whitish  gray  with  dark  tuft.     Feet  gray  ;  tarsi  dotted. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.  HaUtat,  California  (Mr.  James  Belirens, 
No.  8).  This  species  has  a  spurious  resemblance  to  Cerura  ciuerea, 
Walker. 


Xylomiges  patalis,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  11,  §  . 

3  ?  . — Eyes  hairy ;  male  antennae  more  shortly  ciliate  beneath  and  with 
the  joints  less  prominent  than  in  X.  curialis.  In  the  vestiture  of  head  and 
thorax  the  two  species  agree,  while  the  basal  abdominal  tuft  is  not  so  marked 
as  in  X.  curialis.  Pale  whitish  gray.  Fore  wings  with  a  distinct  black  basal 
longitudinal  liture  below  the  median  vein  always  distinct,  whereas  the  ordinary 
marks  vary  in  distinctness,  and  they  are  almost  obliterate  in  one  specimen. 
Basal  space  very  wide  and  the  indistinct  median  lines  are  so  approximate 
inferiorly,  that  the  large  void  claviform,  distinctly  black-margined,  appears  to 
overlie  the  t.  p.  line.  Median  spots  large,  void,  with  narrow  black  annuli. 
Orbicular  obliquely  decumbent,  sometimes  fused  inferiorly  with  the  erect 
reniform.  Transverse  posterior  line  with  a  preceding  dark  shade  on  costal 
region,  before  the  angulation,  and  this  shade  is  continued  within  the  t.  p.  line 
obliquely,  more  or  less  faintly,  to  internal  margin.  Subterminal  with  preced- 
ing cuneiform  blackish  marks  of  which  two  more  evident  at  submedian  fold, 
and  again  opposite  the  cell.  Terminal  space  with  the  nervules  finely  liturate. 
Fringes  even;  terminal  line  indistinct.  Hind  wings  pale  in  S  ,  without  evident 
marks ;  with  a  median  line,  discal  mark  and  subterminal  fuscous  shade  in  $  . 
Beneath  the  fore  wings  are  largely  fuscous,  terminally  gray ;  a  common  line  and 
evident  discal  marks  ;  terminal  line  interrupted  ;  a  subterminal  fuscous  shade 
medially  interrupted  on  the  hind  wings  in  $  ,  in  which  sex  all  the  markings 
are  more  evident. 

Expanse,  ^  30,  ?  34  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (No.  155,  coll.  Mr. 
Henry  Edwards ;  Nos.  14  and  10,  coll.  Mr.  Belirens). 

A  little  smaller  and  wider-winged  than  X.  curialis.  When  the 
markings  are  obliterate  on  the  fore  wings  above,  the  darker  stains 
before  the  subterminal  line  are  yet  perceivable. 

Anytus,  n.  g. 

Eyes  naked,  with  lashes ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose.  Male  antennae 
not  pectinate,  but  lengthily  bristled  beneath.  Thorax  a  little  flattened  with 
sharp  corners,  and  therefore  recalling  Xylina,  but  here  the  frontal  hairs  are 


145 

not  gathered  into  sharp  double  tufts,  but  form  a  single  loose  tuft  on  the  cly- 
peus,  while  the  hairs  depend  between  the  antennae,  also  in  a  single  loose  tuft. 
The  collar  is  raised  in  front,  but  not  hood-like  as  in  Cucullia.  Thorax  with  a 
loose  tuft  behind  the  collar,  and  the  abdomen  is  tufted  basally. 

The  species  are  large,  purple  gray,  with  large  ordinary  spots  and 
zigzag  lines,  and  not  unlike  the  better  marlced  species  of  Xylina, 
under  Avliich  genus  I  have  formerly  arranged  the  two  species,^ 


Anytus  sculptus,  Orote. 

Xylina  scnlj)ta,  huj.  scrip. 

Anytus  eapax. 

Xylina  capax,  Qrote  and  Robinson. 

Cucullia  Yosemitae,  Grote. 

Halitat,  California  (Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  139). 

A  second  ?  specimen  with  the  markings  of  the  primaries  more 
distinct,  the  outer  line  of  the  reniform  indicated.  The  thoracic 
vestiture  is  preserved.  The  collar  is  not  broad  and  elevated  in  front 
as  in  this  genus,  and  the  species  must  be  removed  from  it.  Unfor- 
tunately the  head  is  defective  in  both  my  specimens  so  that  it  is 
impossible  to  examine  the  parts  correctly.  In  many  characters  this 
species  approaches  Anytus,  but  differs  by  the  more  fusiform  body, 
and  the  straighter  margins  of  the  fore  wings  which  are  apically 
more  produced.  The  armature  seems  to  agree  while  the  ornamen- 
tation is  very  similar.  My  original  specimen  and  figure  merely  indi- 
cate the  very  distinct  zigzag  median  lines  accompanied  by  black 
shades.  Until  more  material  is  received  I  do  not  venture  to  disturb 
tlie  present  generic  reference  which,  however,  cannot  remain. 

3  Wenn  man  Lederer's  dichotomische  Tabelle  zur  Hand  nimmt,  um  diese  Arten  generisch  zu 
bestimmen,  so  wird  man  auf  Ammoconia  gewiesen ;  die  Fiihler  des  Milnncliens  siud  aber  hier 
nicht  pyramidalziihnig,  sondern  bios  bewimpert.  Grosse  blau-graue  Arten  von  einer  ober- 
flachlichen  Aehnlichkeit  mit  Polla  ruflcincta,  aber  mit  viel  zackigeren  Mittellinien,  scharfere 
Zeichnung  und  bewehrten  Mittel  und  Uinterpchienen.  Die  Arten  scheiuen  niir  in  die  Verwand- 
schaft  von  Xylina  gehorig,  wegen  ilirem  etwas  tlachgedrucktem  breitcm  Kiickcu  und  Uiuteileib, 
die  Ecken  des  Riickens  ziemlich  scharf  vorstehend. 

BUL.  BUF.   SOC.  NAT.    SCI.  (19)  AUGUST,  1873. 


146 

Pliisia  Pasipliaeia^  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  1,  $  . 

(,  . — Pale  yellow  with  a  rosy  tinge,  size  of  aereoides  and  resembling  that  species 
in  the  rigid  transverse  posterior  line  which  is  here,  however,  whitish,  and  not 
followed  by  a  golden  band.  The  costal  region  of  the  primaries  and  the  base  to 
the  t.  a.  line,  are  very  pale.  The  very  narrow  linear  silvery  white  mark  reminds 
one  of  simplex.  It  is  confluent  with  the  t.  a.  line,  rising  from  the  internal 
margin  of  the  wing  and  running  upwardly  to  median  nervure  where  it  forms 
a  wide  arc  running  obliquely  outwardly  and  downwardly  to  a  point  above  sub- 
median  fold,  whence  it  runs  backward  and  upwardly  to  the  nervure,  thus 
allowing  the  pale  squamation  of  the  costal  region  to  extend  downwardly  be- 
low the  m.  nervure  in  an  oblique  V-shaped  manner  at  the  center  of  the  wing. 
The  faint  obliquely  placed  orbicular  is  visible  on  a  paler  portion  of  the  discal 
field,  darker  ringed.  The  subterminal  space  is  dark,  being  pale  fuscous  and  the 
subterminal  line  is  dark,  inwardly  arcuate  opposite  the  cell,  rising  again  towards 
the  margin  between  veins  3  and  4.  Hind  wings  pale  dusty  yellow  with  faint 
wide  darker  borders,  and  faint  interior  line.  Beneath  very  pale  yellow  with 
obsolete  shadings.  Thorax  with  a  light  purple  or  rosy  cast,  collar  pale-edged. 
Abdomen  with  basal  tufts.     A  rather  slight  species. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.  HaMtat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards, 
No.  152).     Two  male  specimens. 


Plusia  Putnami,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  2,  <j . 

$  . — A  brilliant  species  of  the  colors  of  festucae,  but  with  more  produced 
apices  and  rounded  external  margin,  the  primaries  being  more  like  aereoides 
in  their  general  shape.  Golden  yellow,  the  base  powdered  with  orange-red  scales 
and  with  the  linear  transverse  shades  traced  in  orange-red  on  the  costal  region 
at  base.  Beyond  the  t.  a.  line  the  region  about  internal  margin  is  washed  with 
pale  golden  as  in  festucae,  irrorate  with  orange-red  scales.  The  angulate  me- 
dian shade  and  all  the  lines  are  comparative  more  distinct,  but  seem  to  have 
the  same  general  course  as  in  festucae.  The  median  metallic  spots  are,  how- 
ever, very  different.  Of  these  there  are  two  in  our  new  species,  narrowly  edged 
with  black  and  subspherical.  Their  bases  rest  on  the  interspace  above  the  sub- 
median  fold.  The  first  spot  extends  above  median  nervure,  and  is  more  nar- 
rowly and  roundedly  terminated  on  the  discal  cell.  The  outer  and  smaller  spot 
is  distinctly  separate  and  seems  to  extend  upwardly  slightly  beyond  vein  3.  In 
festucae  the  spots  are  fused  and  elongate,  while  the  inner  portion  of  the  spot 
does  not  attain  the  median  nervure  and  has  a  difierent  conformation.  The 
wing  has  a  pale  rosy  tinge  absent  in  festucae.  A  black  dot  above  vein  6  at  its 
base,  the  indication  of  the  reniform.  The  apical  golden  shade  is  limited  to 
paler  diffuse  washing,  and  is  not  extended  broadly  inwardly  above  vein  5,  and 
emphasized  as  in  festucae.    Hind  wings  pale  fuscous  wanting  the  rosy  tint  of 


147 

festucae.  Benentli  very  pale  witli  a  light  ocliroy  lint.  Thorax  and  head  rosy, 
collar  with  a  lilac  edge,  hence  differing  decidedly  from  fextucae,  in  which  the 
head  and  collar  are  orange  red  and  contrast  with  the  darker  tegulae. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.  Habitat,  Albany,  N.  Y.  (coll.  Mr.  J.  A. 
Lintner,  No.  2743). 

This  species  is  throughout  of  a  paler,  more  rosy-yellow  hue  than 
its  nearest  ally,  with  which  I  have  compared  it,  thinking  to  render 
its  identification  the  more  ready.  In  naming  this  species  after  Mr. 
George  P.  Putnam,  of  the  Publication  Committee  of  this  Society,  I 
testify  to  an  unfailing  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  Society,  and  a 
constant  appreciation  of  the  educational  value  of  a  study  of  the 
Natural  Sciences. 


Flusia  Ni  {Hubner). 

Plusia  Ni,  Boisd.,  Ann.  See.  Ent.  Beige. 
Plusia  brassicae,  Riley. 

Habitat.  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  154;  Mr.  James 
Behrens,  No.  13).  This  is  a  species  of  apparently  very  general  dis- 
tribution, and  the  American  specimens  are  not  to  be  distinguished. 
I  have  taken  Plusia  Ni  abundantly  in  central  Alabama,  and  from 
my  note  book  as  early  as  February  20th.  It  varies  in  general  tone 
and  in  the  occasional  detachment  of  the  guttiform  spot  beyond  the 
silver  mark  on  the  primaries,  and  these  variations  seem  to  have  given 
occasion  to  Professor  Zeller's  opinion  that  the  American  specimens 
are  distinct  specifically  from  the  European. 


Lepipolys  perscripta  (Guenee). 

Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  James  Behrens,  No.  7).  The  hind 
wings  in  the  female  are  fuscous.  The  median  lines  are  distinctly 
geminate. 

Alaria  florida  {Guenie.) 

Habitat,  Nevada  (coll.  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards,  No.  25G2). 


148 

Heliolonche  modicella,  Grote. 

Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  104). 

Heliotliis  (Melicleptria)  celeris,  Orote. 

5  . — An  exceedingly  brilliantly  colored  species  of  tlie  size  of  H.  mitis.  Fore 
wings  deep  purple  with  the  median  and  terminal  spaces  olivaceous.  Very  faint 
indications  of  the  median  spots,  but  the  usual  blotch  below  the  median  nervure 
is  large,  though  not  highly  contrasted  in  color.  Fringes  purple.  Hind  wings 
intense  orange-red  with  paler  fringes  and  faint  indications  of  a  paler  band 
near  the  base.  Beneath  the  wings  are  both  intense  orange-red  with  the  costal 
edge  and  fringes  of  primaries  purple.  A  faint  transverse  paler  shade  on  the 
hind  wings  as  on  upper  surface. 

Expanse,  17  m.  m.  Hahitat,  California  (Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No. 
2585).  Cannot  be  confounded  with  any  other  species  on  account  of 
its  extremely  vivid  and  partly  unusual  colors.  The  legs  and  body 
vestiture  are  defective  in  my  specimens.  The  pubescence  seems  to 
be  paler  beneath  than  usual,  above  much  as  in  the  other  species  of 
the  genus. 

Heliotliis  (Melicleptria)  diminutivns,  Orote. 

i,  $  . — A  small  species  resembling  H.  villosus,  H.  cardui  or  II.  pauxillus. 
Varies  in  color,  so  that  while  the  fore  wings  are  purple-red  over  black  they 
are  sometimes  merely  yellowish  bronze  over  the  dead  ground  color.  The 
usual  discal  and  inferior  whitish  patches,  but  the  first  (the  orbicular  spot)  is 
Bubobsolete,  and  there  is  a  third  nearer  the  base  as  in  H.  persimilis.  The  sub- 
terminal  line  usually  contrasts.  Fringes  tipped  with  whitish.  Hind  wings 
black  with  white  fringes  and  two  variable  white  spots  as  in  jff".  Californicus, 
but  greatly  reduced.  Beneath  largely  black,  so  that  the  median  space  appears 
resolved  into  whitish  spots.  Apices  of  primaries  and  internal  margin  pale. 
Apices  of  secondaries  more  largely  whitish  ;  two  whitish  spots  appear  on  the 
median  space.  Body  blackish ;  thoracic  vestiture  subsericeous ;  abdomen 
fringed  terminally  with  testaceous  hair. 

Expanse,  13  to  18  m.  m.  Hahitat,  California  (Mr.  Hy.  Edwards, 
No.  204).  Ten  specimens  examined.  Varies  in  the  extent  of  the 
pale  blotches  on  the  wings,  these  are  sometimes  fused  on  the  secon- 
daries. Three  specimens  differing  by  the  olivaceous  color  of  the 
fore  wings,  obsolescence  of  the  discal  blotches  and  presence  of  the 


149 

median  lines,  appear  to  me  to  belong  to  II.  pauxillus;  they  differ  by 
being  brighter  tinted  beneath.  In  either  species  the  dots  seem  to 
be  sometimes  continent  on  the  secondaries.  These  three  specimens 
are  a  little  moulded  and  not  in  proper  condition  for  study.  II. 
diminntivus  is  apparently  easily  separable  from  11.  villosns  by  the 
uuder-surfiice. 


Heliothis  (Melicleptria)  Californiciis,  Orote. 

S  . — Size  of  tlie  European  H.  purpurascens  and  a  little  stouter  than  H.  suetus 
from  Colorado  Territory.  All  the  tibiae  spinose.  Fore  wings  deep  purple-red 
over  black.  Some  specimens  have  lost  the  intense  purple-red  and  have  a 
brassy -black  hue.  The  usual  markings :  two  whitish  quadrate  discal  marks 
and  a  square  patch  below  median  vein,  all  margined  by  the  subobsolete 
approximate  median  lines ;  fringes  dark.  Hind  wings  black  with  two  large 
whitish  spots,  the  upper  the  larger,  sometimes  connected ;  fringes  whitish. 
Beneath  grayish ;  wings  with  black  bases,  large  black  discal  marks  on  the 
whitish  median  spaces  and  with  wide  black  terminal  shades,  discontinued 
superiorly. 

Expanse,  25  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No. 
93).  Four  specimens  examined.  More  thickly  haired  and  stouter 
than  H.  suetus,  without  the  paler  contrasting  terminal  sj)ace ;  the 
snbterminal  line  is  imperceptible  in  II.  Californicus. 


Heliothis  piilogophagiis,  Grote  and  Robinson. 

IlaMtat,  Sierra  Nevada  and  Oregon  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No. 
151) ;  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  1250). 


Heliothis  armigera  {Riiiner). 
IlaMtat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  3G74), 

Annaphila^  n.  g. 

A  genus  belonging  to  v.  Heineman's  group  Anartidae,  with  broad  and  short 
wings,  hairy  vestiture  and  constricted  eyes,  hence  related  to  Omia,  The  ocelli 
are  unusually  large,  remote  from  the  naked  lashless  compound  eyes  owing  to 
the  increased  width  of  the  epicranial  tegument  which,  from  its  globosity, 
seems  to  cover   the  hinder  portion  of   the   latter.     Antennae  scaled,   ciliate 


150 

beneatli.  Clypeus  full,  globose,  exceeded  by  tlie  beavily  fringed  palpi.  Max- 
illae stout;  wings  broad,  fore  wings  witli  the  costal  margin  arched  to  the 
sharply  defined  apices,  below  which  the  external  margin  is  unusually  straight, 
the  internal  angle  determinate,  hence  the  length  of  the  costal  and  internal 
margins  is  very  similar.  Hind  wings  broad,  full  and  rounded.  The  body 
parts  are  slight  in  comparison  to  the  breadth  of  the  wings,  and  the  abdomen 
does  not  exceed  the  anal  angle  of  the  secondaries. 

A  singuLar  genus,  recalling  Breplios,  (from  wliich  it  differs  at 
once  by  the  presence  of  ocelli,)  and  certain  Geometridae.  The 
hind  wings  are  white  or  yellow  with  Catocala-like  markings. 


Anuapliila  diva,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  14,  i  . 

3  $  . — Primaries  black  or  blackish,  with  the  ordinary  ornamentation.  T.  a. 
line  deep  black,  strongly  dentate  inferiorly  where  it  is  preceded  by  a  few 
white  scales.  Orbicular  black,  usually  filled  in.  Median  shade  black  and 
quite  distinct.  Reniform  lost  in  a  broad,  oblique,  contrasting  white  band, 
which  fills  in  the  median  space  posteriorly  before  the  t.  p.  line,  tapering 
toward  internal  margin,  before  which  it  is  discontinued.  The  central  waved 
streak  of  the  reniform  is  apparent,  and  the  ground  color  of  the  wing  appears 
twice  before  the  line  opposite  the  cell,  the  second  time  more  largely.  Subter- 
minal  line  indicated  by  white  scales  at  costa,  and  there  are  white  dots  between 
this  and  the  inception  of  the  t.  p.  line.  Fringes  dark.  Hind  wings  white  or 
yellowish  white  with  blackish  basal  patch,  and  a  rather  narrow  terminal  band 
with  uneven  inner  edge.  Beneath,  the  base  of  the  fore  wings  is  whitish ; 
there  is  a  central  blackish  shade,  beyond  which  the  oblique  white  band  of  the 
upper-surface  is  more  diffusely  reproduced,  showing  a  black  liturate  mark  in 
place  of  the  reniform.  The  wing  is  blackish  terminally  with  the  subterminal 
line  broadly  marked  with  white.  Hind  wings  white,  with  a  black  discal  spot 
and  a  partial  reproduction  of  the  terminal  band  of  upper  surface ;  at  base  the 
dark  shading  of  the  upper  surface  is  reflected.  Body  beneath,  terminally  and 
laterally,  whitish ;  above  black,  with  the  segments  marked  with  white.  Thorax 
and  head  dark  colored. 

Expanse^  20  to  23  m.  m.  Halitat,  California  (coll.  Theo.  L. 
Mead;  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  198).  I  have  examined  five  specimens  of 
this  beautiful  species. 


AniiapJiila  depicta,  Orote,  Plate  4,  fig.  13,  $  . 

5  . — Agrees  structurally  with  A.  diva.  Primaries  with  the  t.  a.  line  round- 
edly  exserted  outwardly  superiorly,  a  little  duller  colored  perhaps  than  in  A. 
diva.    Orbicular  email,  filled   in.     Median   shade  determinate,  even,  a  little 


151 

centrally  inwardly  arcuato.  The  dark  rcniform  is  here  determinate  against 
the  narrower  pale  shading,  which  precedes  the  t.  p.  line  more  evenly  and  con- 
tinuously than  in  A.  diva.  Subterniinal  lino  more  irregular  and  contrasted 
by  the  terminal  si)ace,  which  is  paler  than  in  A.  diva.  Hind  wings  bright 
orange-yellow,  with  a  large  black  lunate  discal  spot,  a  black  narrow  terminal 
band  with  irregular  margin.  Within  anal  angle  is  a  black  spot,  indicating  a 
possible  subterminal  line.  Base  with  dusky  scales  defined  outwardly  by  a 
transverse  band.  Beneath,  both  wings  yellow.  Primaries  with  a  median  black 
fascia,  inwardly  bent  below  costa,  then  running  outwardly.  A  large  black 
discal  spot.  A  wide  black  subterminal  shade  not  reaching  internal  margin. 
Fringes  black  and  the  apices  and  costal  edge  dusky.  Hind  wings  with  a  con- 
tinued extra  basal  angulate  black  line,  a  discal  spot,  a  very  attenuate  subter- 
minal irregular  line  and  a  subobsolete  black  edging  indicated  by  a  black  spot, 
as  on  upper  surface,  before  vein  2. 

Expanse,  21  m.  m.    Habitat,  Culiforuia  (coll.  Henry  Edwards, 
No.  22 GO). 


Annaphila  danistica,  Givte,  Plate  4,  fig.  7,  ?  . 

$  ?  . — Resembles  A.  depicta  in  the  orange-yellow  color  of  the  hind  wings 
above,  but  differs  throughout,  and  particularly  in  the  beautiful  ornamentation 
of  the  fore  wings  beneath.  Fore  wings  blackish,  becoming  outwardly  a  little 
paler.  Orbicular  a  long  transverse  black  streak  with  equally  broad,  pale, 
linear  edgings.  A  black  blotch  on  the  cell  between  the  spots.  Reniform 
large  and  a  little  vague.  T.  p.  line  even,  geminate  with  an  included  pale 
shade,  slightly  and  widely  roundedly  outwardly  produced  over  median  ner- 
vules,  thence  lightly  sinuate  to  internal  margin.  Subterminal  line  contrasted 
by  the  paler  terminal  space,  preceded  by  an  accentuated  black  shade  empha- 
sized on  subcostal  nervules.  A7i  accessory,  narrow,  continued,  even,  transverse 
black  line  before  the  margin.  A  terminal  dotted  line ;  fringes  blackish.  Hind 
wings  deep  orange-yellow,  blackish  at  base  and  along  internal  margin.  A 
black  discal  lunule.  A  narrow  subterminal  black  line,  sometimes  (  $  )  wanting. 
A  narrow  black  band  along  external  margin  with  even  interior  edge  ;  fringes 
blackish.  Beneath  the  primaries  are  pale  dull-yellow,  with  the  discal  spots 
vivid  black,  eyelike,  pale-yellow  circled,  tlie  space  between  them  an  outwardly 
oblique  black  extended  patch.  Exterior  transverse  line  black,  evenly  out- 
wardly rounded  ;  beyond  it  an  even  pale  yellow  arc  is  bounded  by  another 
line  leaving  the  apices  dusky.  Hind  wings  dusky  fulvous,  powdery,  with  a 
faint  transverse  line  and  discal  liture  and  an  even  narrow  dark  border  ;  fringes 
dark.     Corporal  vestiture  blackish. 

Expanse,  20  to  22  m.  m.  IIaJ)itat,  Nevada  Territory  (coll.  Heury 
Edwards,  No.  24G). 


152 

Differs  by  the  external  margin  of  tlic  wings  being  a  little  more 
rounded,  especially  in  the  ? ,  than  in  tlie  two  preceding  species, 
with  which  it  seems  otherwise  to  agree  structurally.  This  species 
commences  to  remind  us  of  Euclidia.  The  remarkably  beautiful 
though  hidden  ornamentation  of  the  under  surface  of  the  prima- 
ries will  always  readily  distinguish  A.  danistica. 


Axenus,  n.  g. 

The  corporal  vestiture  is  rough  and  coarse  and  the  eyes  are  almond-shaped, 
constricted,  and  to  a  great  extent  hidden  by  the  hairs  of  the  small  head,  among 
which  the  rather  large  ocelli  are  at  first  not  easily  seen.  Hence  we  have  a 
correspondence  with  Omia,"*  from  which  the  frontal  characters  seem  to  sepa- 
rate our  species.  The  clypeus  is  furnished  inferiorly  with  a  broad  thin  plate, 
which  extends  horizontally  forwards,  is  medially  slightly  excavate,  as  wide  as 
the  front,  and  is  not  exceeded  by  the  comparatively  short  palpi.  The  habitus 
recalls  some  of  the  sisecies  of  Melicleptria,  such  as  diminutivtis.  The  antennae 
are  scaled,  very  finely  ciliate  beneath.  The  eyes  naked  and  destitute  of  lashes. 
The  legs  appear  unarmed  and  the  maxillae  are  stout.  The  small  species  is 
olivaceous  blackish,  with  paler  powdery,  transverse  lines  over  both  wings,  and 
with  long  and  paler  fringes. 


Axenus  arvalis,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  8,  $  . 

$  2  . — Primaries  olivaceous  blackish,  with  the  terminal  transverse  lines 
visible,  powdery,  pale  glaucous-ochreous ;  this  pale  color  extends  as  a  band 
over  the  anterior  portion  of  the  median  space.  Eeniform  visible,  pale,  incon- 
spicuous. Hind  wings  more  blackish,  with  a  subterminal  double,  pale  and 
dark,  rigid  line  running  straightly  across  the  wing.  Behind  it  is  a  pale  shade, 
in  which  may  be  detected  the  pale  discal  dot.  All  the  fringes  variably  pale 
and  contrasting.  Beneath  paler  than  above,  more  yellowish.  The  markings 
of  the  upper  surface  are  imitated  and  the  pale  discal  dot  of  the  primaries  is 
evident.     Body  blackish,  with  olivacecus-ochrey  vestiture. 

Expanse,  IG  to  20  m.  m.  Hahitat,  California  (Mr.  Ily.  Edwards, 
No.  lOG). 

Eight  specimens  examined.  Quite  yariable  in  the  distinctness  of 
the  transverse  powdery  lines.    The  ornamentation  reminds  us  faintly 

"» Die  ich  nicht  in  Natura  kenne,  von  dem  sich  Axenus  aber  sicher  xmterscheidet  durch  die 
Stinibildung,  die  keine  nabelformigen  Zapfen  (also  gleich  Lederer's  Tafel  2,  flg.  11,  sein  soil), 
sondern  eiue  liorizontaler  vorstehendcr,  in  der  mitte  seicht  ausgehohlter,  schwarze  Platte  zeigt 
(Lederer's  fig.  10,  nicht  sehr  unahnlich,  aber  mehr  nacli  uuten  gestellt,  diinner,  und  andera 
ausgcschnitten). 


153 

of  Drasteria  or  Euclidia.  The  female  seems  the  darkest,  and  some- 
times tlie  wing  appears  uniformly  blackish,  with  double  pale  lines 
on  tlie  hind  wings,  and  the  sul)terminal  pale  line  alone  distinct  on 
primaries.  In  one  specimen  all  the  lines  are  obsolete  on  both  wings 
and  the  anterior  half  of  the  median  space  is  alone  pale-colored  on 
the  primaries. 

Taraclie  terminimaoiilata,  Qrote. 

$  . — Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Clypeal  surface  without  projection.  Tibiae 
unarmed.  Head,  thorax  and  legs  with  appressed  squamation.  Size  moderate. 
Scutum  of  the  thorax  large  and  globose.  The  wings  widen  outwardly  and  are 
strongly  veined.  The  head,  thorax  and  fore  wings  are  pearly  gray  ;  primaries 
with  a  black  point  on  the  cell  and  with  the  terminal  portion  taken  up  by  a 
large  red-brown  shaded  space,  neatly  defined  inwardly  by  an  arcuate  line  lined 
inwardly  with  white,  and  which,  after  a  short  oblique  outward  reflection  below 
costa,  sweeps  inwardly  roundedly  to  internal  margin.  On  the  dark  terminal  half 
of  the  wing  a  blackish  transverse  line  may  be  discerned  below  the  outward 
projection  of  the  white  line.  This  dark  line  is  tremulous  and  marked  with  a 
pale  hair-streak  at  internal  margin.  An  indistinct  subterminal  brown  shade  ; 
the  wing  becoming  grayish  again  along  terminal  margin.  A  series  of  black 
terminal  points ;  fringes  pale.  Posterior  wings  without  markings  above  and 
below,  silky  testaceous  white.  Beneath  without  markings,  primaries  darker 
shaded.  The  internal  angle  of  the  fore  wings  is  slightly  produced.  Abdomen 
without  tufts. 

Eximnse,  28  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Albany,  X.  Y.  (Mr.  J.  A.  Lintner, 
No.  1061). 

A  little  stouter  than  Tarache  aprica  (a  species  subject  to  great 
variation  and  of  which  Acontia  Mi^lmja,  Guenee,  is  certainly  only  a 
variety),  and  differing  greatly  from  any  of  its  congeners  in  ornamen- 
tation and  coloration. 

Tarache  flavipeiinis,  Qrote. 

5  . — Allied  to  T.  aprica,  and  especially  resembling  that  form  of  this  species 
described  as  distinct  by  Guenee  under  the  name  of  hiplaga,'b\xi  differing  by  the 
yellow  hind  wings  and  smaller  size.  The  fore  wings  are  almost  entirely  black- 
ish with  a  larger  white  space  at  the  middle  on  the  costal  region  enclosing  the 
black  discal  point,  and  a  smaller,  marking  the  inception  of  the  dotted  subter- 
minal line.  There  is  a  whitish  shade  on  the  middle  of  the  internal  margin 
and  the  black  dotted  terminal  line  is  concluded  by  a  white  streak  at  internal 

BUI,.  BUP.  SOC.  NAT.  SCI.  (20)  SEPTEMBER,   1873. 


154 

angle.  The  fringes  are  blackish.  Hind  wings  obscure  yellow  centrally  with 
the  veins  marked  with  fuscous  and  with  a  diffuse  fuscous  costal  and  external 
shading  which  clouds  also  the  base  of  the  wing  and  the  internal  margin ; 
fringes  pale.  Body  blackish ;  abdomen  ringed  with  whitish.  Beneath  both 
wings  are  yellow  with  narrow  blackish  external  borders  ;  the  hind  wings  show 
a  black  discal  dot  and  a  second,  larger,  without  on  the  costa.  The  fore  wings 
have  the  nervules  marked  with  fuscous  and  are  clouded  at  base,  and  show  a 
discal  liture  and  two  broader  oblique  dark  costal  shades  before  the  apex. 

Expanse,  20  m.  m.  Halitat,  Ciilifoniia,  Sierra  NeYada  (coll.  Mr. 
Hy.  Edwards,  No.  2590). 

Two  female  specimens  are  before  me  agreeing  in  all  their  mark- 
ings. I  have  compared  the  species  in  the  body  of  the  description 
with  its  nearest  ally  hitherto  known  to  science. 

Syneda  Howlandii,  Qrote. 

Habitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  240).  The  speci- 
men does  not  seem  to  difier  from  ray  original  types  except  by  the 
bands  on  the  secondaries  being  a  little  broader  superiorly. 

Enclidia  cuspidea  {Hubner). 

Hahitat,  California  (coll.  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  90).  The  speci- 
mens are  not  to  be  distinguished  from  our  Eastern  material. 

Drasteria  conralescens,  Guenee. 

I  have  taken  this  species  in  Central  Alabama.  It  falls  into  a  dis- 
tinct section  of  the  genus  from  the  pectinate,  geometriform  anten- 
nae of  the  male. 

Drasteria  ericlitoj  Guenee. 

I  have  a  single  ?  specimen  in  the  collection,  from  New  York,  which 
agrees  with  Guenee's  description  in  the  continuity  of  the  transverse 
posterior  line.  From  the  distinctness  of  the  black  subapical  marks 
it  seems  to  bear  out  the  remarked  resemblance  to  Euclidia.  But  I 
think  that  it  is  a  form  of  our  usual  species  occurring  plentifully  in 
this  vicinity  in  April  and  May,  and  which  expands  uniformly  about 
37  m.  m.,  and  for  which  I  retain  this  name.  By  breeding  the  species 
we  shall  discover  whether  this  and  the  following  are  not  forms  of 
one  species. 


155 

Drastoria  cricliloa,  Iluhner. 

This  resembles  tlie  preceding  so  that  I  cannot  distinguish  it 
except  by  size.  The  specimens  from  the  Middle  States  taken  in 
July  expand  about  42  m.  m.  A  specimen  from  California  (Mr.  Ily. 
Edwards)  does  not  differ.  As  forms  of  this  species  the  following 
are  tabulated : 

a)  ochrea,  $,  ?  ,  from  Colorado  Territory  and  California,  received 
from  Mr.  Mead  and  Mr.  Edwards  (No.  C8),  is  larger  and  of  a  uni- 
formly pale  ochreous  ground  color  above,  more  yellow  without 
markings  beneath,  displaying  on  the  upper-surface  the  customary 
ornamentation  of  the  species;  the  expanse  is  46  m.  m. 

(S)  arjricola,  only  ?  s.  known,  darkly  bnt  distinctly  brown,  with 
obliterate  ornamentation,  no  subapical  dots,  corresponds  with 
Guenee's  var.  B,  and  expands  46  m.  m. 

7)  7nundula,  only  $  s.  known,  hardly  distinguished  from  agricola, 
the  brown  tint  is  wanting  and  the  bands  are  obliterate;  this  is 
not  improbably  the  ordinary  female  of  the  species,  yet  ?  specimens 
occur  with  the  markings  of  the  male  type. 


Drasteria  caerulea,  Grote. 

$  $  . — This  is  decidedly  a  distinct  species,  at  once  recognisable  by  its  blue  color, 
wliicli  simulates  that  of  the  paler  blue  and  stouter  forms  among  the  Lycaenidae. 
Above  the  primaries  are  blue-gray,  with  the  usual  markings  of  the  genus,  the 
subapical  dots  distinct.  Hind  wings  distinctly  blue,  with  white  fringes  and 
distinct  black  border;  they  vary  in  depth  of  color,  worn  specimens  become 
blackish ;  two  unusually  widely  separated  angulated  black  transverse  lines  are 
more  or  less  apparent,  but  always  faint,  sometimes  to  be  perceived  with  great 
difficulty.  Beneath  pale  blue,  irrorate,  without  markings  and  with  narrow 
black  borders,  and  here  the  resemblance  to  certain  Lycaenidae  is  intensified. 

Eayanse,  20  to  22  m.  m.  Habitat,  California  (Mr.  Ily.  Edwards, 
No.  91). 

I  have  five  specimens  before  me  of  this  strangely  colored  species, 
which  is  of  small  size,  with  broad  wings,  and  cannot  by  any  possi- 
bility be  confounded  with  any  other.  Its  distinct  gray-blue  tints 
are,  to  my  knowledge,  only  paralleled  in  the  Butterflies. 


156 


IX.    On  the  North  American  Geometridae  in  the 
Collection  of  the  British  IVluseum 

BY   AUG.    E.    GROTE. 

An  interval  of  five  years  has  elapsed  since  the  publication  of  an 
article  by  the  late  Coleman  T.  Robinson  and  myself/  upon  the  North 
American  Moths  contained  in  the  British  Museum  Collection 
described  by  Mr.  Francis  "Walker.  And  now  concurrent  testimony 
to  the  worthlessness  of  Mr.  Walker's  determinations  is  borne  by  Pro- 
fessor Packard.*  In  comparing  the  results,  reached  independently 
by  Professor  Packard  and  ourselves,  their  similarity  must  be  consid- 
ered as  evidence  of  their  accuracy.  There  are  at  the  outset  the  fol- 
lowing differences  of  treatment  of  the  material  discussed  in  our 
respective  articles  to  be  borne  in  mind.  We  reviewed  the  entire  col- 
lection of  North  American  Moths  contained  in  the  British  Museum, 
while  Dr.  Packard's  jjublished  Notes  relate  only  to  the  Geometridae 
and  Pyralidae.  Again,  we  merely  corrected  certain  of  Mr.  Walker's 
generic  references  and  indicated  the  principal  synonyms,  whereas 
Professor  Packard  refers  to  all  of  the  species  of  the  two  families 
above  alluded  to,  contained  in  the  collection  under  Mr.  Walker's 
determinations. 

In  the  present  Paper  I  tabulate  the  results  of  these  independent 
observations  on  the  Geometridae,  where  the  same  species  has  been 
considered,  so  that  an  agreement  or  disagreement  in  these  determi- 
nations becomes  more  clearly  exposed.  And  as  to  the  fewer  instances 
where  Professor  Packard's  determinations  have  not  accorded  with  our 
own,  I  would  partly  account  for  them  by  the  more  critical  study  which 
Professor  Packard  has  bestowed  upon  our  Geometridae  for  several 
years  past,  and  have  thus  no  doubt  that  the  later  determinations  are 

1  Notes  on  the  N.  Am.  Lepidoptera  contained  in  the  British  Museum  Collection  and  described 
by  Francis  Walker ;  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Society,  July,  1868. 

2Notes  on  North  American  ]\Ioths  of  the  Families  Phalnenidae  and  Pyralidae  in  the  British 
Museum;  5th  Ann.  Rep.  Peabody  Academy  of  Science,  July,  1873. 


157 

io  IjL"  gcucrully  prcll'iTcd.  But  these  discrepancies  are  mostly  trivial 
and  do  not  affect  the  principal  result  of  our  respective  criticisms. 
They  are  in  part  owing  to  a  different  conception  of  the  genera  Epi- 
onc  and  Eurymene ;  in  part  also  to  our  here  erroneous  extension  of 
Numeria.  The  most  important  discrepancy  has  arisen  in  the  ge- 
nus Caberodes.  Mr.  Walker's  seven  species  of  this  genus  seemed  to 
us  referable  to  two ;  while  Dr.  Packard  assumes  them  to  belong  to 
four  species.  These  species  were  at  any  rate  very  closely  allied,  and 
the  single  specimens  by  which  the  majority  of  them  were  repre- 
sented, afforded  us  no  grounds  for  separation  at  the  time.  AVitli 
a  more  critical  knowledge  of  the  genus,  Professor  Packard's  deter- 
minations must  be  accepted.  It  is,  however,  not  impossible  that 
some  changes  may  have  taken  place  in  the  collection  during  the 
interim  of  five  years  between  our  own  and  Professor  Packard's  visits. 
This  becomes  probable  when  we  see  that  a  feAV  of  Mr.  "Walker's  fre- 
quent re-descriptions  of  the  four  species,  Endropia  hypochraria, 
U.S.,  Macaria  granitata,  Guenee,  Acidalia  enucleata,  Guenee,  and 
Azelina  Huebneraria,  Guenee,  are  not  alluded  to  by  Professor  Pack- 
ard. These  species  turn  up  every  now  and  then  in  unexpected 
places  in  the  collection  and  under  unrecognisable  generic  and  spe- 
cific descriptions  in  the  catalogue,  filling,  in  the  Geometridae,  the  role 
which  Mr.  Walker  assigns  to  Lygranthoecia  marginata  in  the  Noc- 
tuidae.  For  the  few  species  which  Professor  Packard  here  recog- 
nises as  distinct,  in  subversion  of  our  earlier  determinations,  we 
trust  Professor  Packard  will  furnish  descriptions  in  the  expected 
IMonograph  of  the  North  American  Geometridae. 


Grote  and  Robinson. 

1868. 

Choerodes  trnnslucens  = 
6  Eutrapela  clemitaria. 

Choerodes  transferens  = 
$  Eutrapela  clemitaria. 

Fpione  calipusaria  belongs  to 
Eurymene. 

Epione  agyllnria  — 
Epione  calipusaria. 


Packard. 

1873. 
id.T=  s  Eutrapela  clemitaria. 

id.=  9  Eutrapela  clemitaria. 

id.=  Sicya  solfataria. 

id.  [is  a  distinct  species.] 


158 


Endropia  refractnria  = 
$  Endropia  liypochraria. 

Endropia  mestusaria  — 
$  Endropia  hypocliraria. 

Endropia  oponearia  = 
Endropia  madusaria. 

Miopia  panissaria  — 
Ellopia  f  amyrisaria  and  belongs  to 
Numeria. 

[From  the  determinations  opposite 
I  judge  the  material  has  been 
changed.] 

Caberodcs  ?  agreasaria  = 
Endropia  lateritiaria. 

Tetrads  pandaria  is  = 
$  Caberodes  remisaria. 
[The  determination  opposite  leads 
me  to  suppose  the  specimens  of  Cab- 
erodes  have  been  shifted.  In  any 
case  this  Tetracis  is  a  Caberodes  and 
the  species  must  fall  away.] 

Azelina?  zalissaria  seems  to  be  a 
variety  of  Azelina  Huebneraria ;  it 
differs  by  the  exterior  line  being 
straight. 

[Since  both  Dr.  Packard  and  our- 
selves consider  this  an  undoubted 
Azelina,  Mr.  Walker's  doubtful  ge- 
neric determination  makes  his  de- 
scription confusing.  Azelina  Hueb- 
neraria seems  to  me  to  vary  in  this 
direction.] 


id.=  Endropia  hypochraria. 


id.=--  Endropia  hypochraria. 


id.=  Endropia  madusaria. 


id.  is   E.   pultraria  and  End.   lateri- 
tiaria. 

EUojna?  amysaria  is  a  Caberodes 
too  much  rubbed  for  description. 
Ellopia  plagifasciata  belongs  to  Nu- 
meria. 

id.  Endropia  lateritiaria. 


id.  is  a  large  rubbed  Caberodes  metro- 
camparia. 


id.  is  a  true  Azelina  closely  allied  to 
A.  Huebneraria.     It  is  a  good  spe- 
cies. 


Selenia  aesionaria,  Azelina  neonaria,      Selenia  aesionaria  is  a  large  singular 


and  Macaria  laticincta  are  the  same 
species,  belonging  to  Hyperetis,  and 
closely  allied  to,  if  not  identical 
with,  Hyperetis  alienaria,  Guenee. 


species  of  Hyperetis. 
Azelina  neonaria  is  a  true  Hyper- 
etis alienaria. 

Macaria  laticincta  is  a  Hyperetis 
allied  to  Hyp.  alienaria. 


159 


id.     [Retained  as  a  distinct  species.J 


Aciddlia    restrictatn  =  Acidalia    enu- 
cleata. 

[I  do  not  know  whether  Profesaor 
Packard  has  noted  that  tlie  black 
Bubtermiual  shading  is  a  sexual 
character  ;  to  this  Mr.  Walker  i)ays 
no  attention.] 

Boarmia  dcfectaria  =  Boarniia  larvaria.     id.—  Boarmia  larvaria. 


Boarmia  suhlunaria,  B.  dgnaria,  B. 
indicdtnria,  and  Tcphrosia  iniructa- 
ria,a\\  refer  to  one  species  =  B.  suh- 
lunaria, Oucnie  ? 

Boarmia  intractaria  = 
Boarmia  momaria. 

Boarmia  epTiyraria  = 
Boarmia  humaria. 

TepJirosia  spatiosaria  is  partly  B.  suh- 
lunaria and  partly  B.  humaria. 

Tephrosia  amplaria  = 
Bronchelia  liriodendraria. 

Bronclielia  disserptaria  = 
Bronchelia  liriodendraria. 

Macaria  haliata  = 
Macaria  granitata. 

Macaria?  indeclinata  = 
Endropia  hypochraria. 

Macaria  irregulnta  = 
Macaria  granitata. 

Tephrosia  dispuncta  = 
Macaria  granitata. 

Melanippe  reciprocata  = 
Odezia  albovittata,  Guenee. 


Boarmia  signaria  and  Tep)hrosia  in- 
tractaria are  both  =  Boarmia  suh- 
lunaria. 

Boarmia   indicataria  [is  a  distinct 
species]. 

id.^=  Boarmia  momaria. 


id.=  Boarmia  humaria. 

id.=.  Boarmia  suhlunaria. 

i(Z.=  Bronchelia  liriodendraria. 

id.=  Bronchelia  liriodendraria. 

id.=  Macaria  granitata.     Not  even  a 
variety ! 

id.=  Endropia  hypochraria. 

id.=  Macaria  granitata. 

id.  is  a  Macaria. 

i(f.=  Odezia  albovittata,  Guenee. 


On  the  authority  either  of  Professor  Packard  or  ourselves,  Mr, 
Walker  has  re-described  Endropia  hypochraria,  H.-S.,  under  the 

Endroiria    refradaria,   Endropia   mestusaria, 


following  names 


160 

Macaria?  indeclinata,  and  Azelina  faedaria.  On  the  same  author- 
ities Mr.  Walker  has  re-described  Macaria  granitata,  Guenee,  as 
Acidalia  9  fissinotata,  Macaria  haliata,  Macaria  irregulata,  Macaria 
retinotata,  Macaria?  refusaria,  Tephrosia  dis^ncficta  and  Larentiaf 
exnotata  ! 

A  discussion  of  Dr.  Packard's  valuable  notes  on  the  Pyralidae  does 
not  enter  into  the  limits  of  the  present  Paper;  but  I  cannot  help 
adding  that  analogous  conclusions  are  reached  with  those  here  pre- 
sented in  the  Geometridae.  A  prominent  disclosure  affecting  Mr. 
Walker's  descriptions  in  the  Pyralidae  Avas  stated  by  us  in  the 
following  terms : 

The  following  descriptions  of  species  referred  to  Hypena  by  Mr. 
Walker,  viz.,  H.  generalis,  H.  rvfinalis,  H.  idaeusaUs,  H.  cacu7ninaKs, 
H.  haJjitalis,  H.  sohrialis,  H.  factisscdis,  H.  caeccdis,  are  to  be  re- 
jected from  that  genus  and  should  be  entirely  ignored,  since  the 
specimens  upon  which  they  are  founded  are  so  defective,  that  the 
species  are  irrecognisable,  and,  instead  of  belonging  to  the  Deltoid 
or  Noctuid  genus  to  which  they  are  referred,  they  belong  to  different 
genera  of  Crambidae  and  Tineidae. 

The  general  correctness  of  this  remark  is  verified  by  Professor 
Packard's  observations  on  these  species.  According  to  Prof.  Pack- 
ard, Hypena  rufincdis  "  is  a  Crambus,"  H.  idaeusaUs  "  is  perhaps  a 
Tineid,"  H.  cacuminalis  "  is  too  much  rubbed  for  description,"  H. 
sohrialis  "  is  not  a  Hypena,"  while  H.  caecalis  is  doubtfully  retained 
in  this  genus. 

On  the  other  hand,  H.  factisscdis  is  not  mentioned  by  Professor 
Packard,  while  H.  generalis  and  H.  hahitcdis  are  retained  as  refer- 
ring to  distinct  species.  H.  hijugcdis,  Walker,  is  considered  a 
variety  of  H.  Baltimorcdis  by  Prof.  Packard.  We  regard  it  as  dis- 
tinct and  have  described  and  figured  it  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Entomological  Society. 


161 


X.    Statistics  and  Distribution  of  North  Anfierican 

Lichens 

BY   nENRY   -VVILLEY,  NEW   BEDFORD,  MASS. 
[Read  hefoi'e  tJds  Society,  October  3(Z,  1873.] 

An  attempt  at  presenting  the  statistics  and  the  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  the  Lichens  of  North  America,  must  necessarily  be 
imperfect,  owing  to  the  fact  that  but  a  small  portion  of  the  conti- 
nent has  been  thoroughly  explored  in  search  of  Lichens;  so  that 
new  species  may  be  expected  to  occur,  even  in  the  more  familiar 
districts,  while  considerable  accessions  to  our  knowledge  may  be 
expected  in  those  which  have,  as  yet,  been  hardly  visited  by  the 
Lichenist.  The  present  attempt,  therefore,  is  offered  only  as  an 
approximation  to  exactness. 

In  my  "  List  of  North  American  Lichens"  as  known  at  the  com- 
mencement of  1872,  there  Avere  enumerated  808  species  and  sub- 
species, some  being  ranked  as  species,  which  will  hereafter,  prob- 
ably, be  reduced  to  varieties.  The  additions  and  corrections  since 
made  to  that  list  (which  are  given  in  an  Appendix  to  this  paper) 
swell  the  total  to  823,  subject  to  the  same  reservation  in  regard  to 
species  and  varieties.  This  estimate  does  not  include  a  considera- 
ble number  of  species  collected  but  not  described  or  published; 
with  the  addition  of  these  and  other  discoveries  which  may  be 
made,  the  whole  number  of  North  American  Lichens  may  finally 
reach  between  850  and  900 ;  the  whole  number  of  Lichens  at  pres- 
ent known  and  described  being  from  1,500  to  2,000,  and  of  Lichens 
occurring  in  Europe,  about  700.  New  species  are  being  constantly 
published,  but  the  title  of  many  of  them  to  rank  as  such  may  well 
be  doubted,  as  it  depends  to  a  great  extent,  on  minute  chemical  dif- 
ferences, as  to  the  value  of  Avhicli  Lichenists  are  not  agreed. 

Of  the  five  Tribes  into  which  Lichens  are  divided,  according  to 
the  arrangement  of  Professor  Tuckerman  in  his  "  Genera  Lichenum,"' 

BUL.    BUF.    80C.   NAT.   SCI.  (21)  OCTOBEK,    1873. 


162 

which  is  that  followed  in  this  paper,  the  Parmeliacei  contain  in 
North  America,  38  Genera  and  411  species;  the  Lecideacei,  10 
Genera  and  218  species;  the  Graphidacei,  11  Genera  and  79  species; 
the  Caliciacei,  3  Genera  and  40  species ;  the  Verrucariacei,  10  Gen- 
era and  75  species.  Of  the  18  families  into  which  these  five  tribes 
are  diyided,  the  Usneei  contain  7  Genera  and  67  species;  Parmeliei, 
5  Genera  and  52  species ;  Umbilicariei,  1  Genns  and  21  species ; 
Peltigerei,  5  Genera  and  38  species ;  Pannariei,  2  Genera  and  27 
species ;  Collemei,  two  snb-families,  7  Genera  and  68  species ;  Le- 
canorei,  three  snb-families,  12  Genera  (including  Myriangium)  and 
412  species ;  Cladoniei,  3  Genera  and  57  species ;  Coenogonii,  2 
Genera  and  3  species ;  Lecideei,  three  sub-families,  5  Genera  and 
217  species;  Lecanactidei,  3  Genera  and  8  species;  Opegraphei,  3 
Genera  and  31  species;  Glyphydei,  2  Genera  and  3  species;  Artho- 
niei,  3  Genera  and  79  species ;  Sphaerophorei,  3  Genera  and  6  species  ; 
Caliciei,  3  Genera  and  40  species ;  Endocarpei,  2  Genera  and  10 
species ;  Yerrucariei,  three  sub-families,  8  Genera  and  75  species. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  the  species  is  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing table.  In  the  first  column  is  shown  the  number  of  species  and 
sub-species  in  each  genus  ;  in  that  marked  N.,  the  number  of  North- 
ern species ;  S.,  of  Southern  species,  including  the  territory  south 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  Ohio  river,  and  thence  west  to  the  Southern 
boundary  of  California ;  G.,  species  more  or  less  widely  distributed 
in  both  of  these  regions ;  W.,  species  occurring  only  west  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  north  of  the  column  indicated  by  S.  (including 
also  a  few  Arctic  species  as  hereafter  noted) ;  ^//j.,  Alpine  and  sub- 
Alpine  species  ;  Arc,  Arctic  species  ;  Tr.,  Tropical  and  sub-Tropical 
species;  N.  Am.,  species  peculiar  to  North  America;  Eii.,  species 
occurring  also  in  Europe  ;  N.  E.,  species  occurring  in  New  England. 


163 


No. 

Sp. 


N. 


S. 


w. 


Alp. 


Arc. 


Tr. 


N. 
Am. 


Eu. 


N.  E. 


I. 

1.  Roccella, 

2.  Kamalina, 

3.  Dactylina, 

4.  Cetraria, 

5.  Everuia 

6.  Usuea, 

7.  Alectoria, 

8.  Speerschneidera, 

9.  Theloscliistes,  . . , 

10.  Parmelia, 

11.  Physcia, 

12.  Pyxino, 

13.  Umbilicaria,   . . . . 

14.  Sticta, 

15.  Nephroma, , 

16.  Peltigera, , 

17.  Erioderma, , 

18.  Solorina, , 

19.  Heppia, 

20.  Pannaria, 

21.  Ephebe 

22.  Lichina,   

23.  Synalissa 

24.  Omplialaria,  .... 

25.  Collema, 

26.  Leptogium, 

27.  Hydrotliyria,  . . . 

28.  Placodium, 

29.  Lecanora, 

30.  Rinodina, 

31.  Pertusaria, 

32.  Phlyctis, 

33.  Conotrema, 

34.  Gyalecta,   

35.  Urceolaria, 

36.  Thelotrema, 

37.  Oyrostomum,   . . 

38.  Myriangium,  . . . 


II. 

39.  Stereocaulon,   . 

40.  Pilophorus,. . . . 

41.  Cladonia,   

42.  Coenogonium,  . 

43.  Cystocoleus,  . . . 

44.  Baeomyces 

45.  Biatora, 

46.  Heterothecium, 

47.  Lecidefi,  

48.  Buellia, 


24 

3 

20 

5 

6 

6 

1 

3 

34 

13 

1 

21 

23 

4 

8 

1 

2 

1 

26 

3 

1 

8 

4 

28 

23 

1 

28 

52 

12 

18 

1 

1 

9 

2 

14 

1 

1 


14 
1 

36 

2 

1 

6 

67 

10 

43 

38 


1 
10 
3 
16 
3 
1 
4 


12 
6 

16 
5 
1 
3 


11 
1 
1 
5 
1 

11 
7 

16 

33 

8 

9 

1 


1 

18 


2 
39 

2 
38 
32 


1 
12 


1 
1 

6 
3 


12 
1 
1 
1 


5 
1 

2 
3 
5 

8 

3 

5 


12 
1 


7 
2 
1 
2 
10 
6 


4 
1 
5 
1 

3 

16 
4 
1 
5 
6 
2 
4 


1 

10 
1 


12 

8 
1 
9 

14 
4 

7 

1 

3 
o 


1 

14 

2 

18 
2 
5 
6 


1 

6 

1 

3 
o 


3 

1 


10 

15 

1 

1 


1 
1 
5 
2 


10 

1 
1 


4 

13 

2 

1 


12 

10 
11 


5 
1 

8 


2 

6 

1 

20 

4 


2 
3 

1 
3 


1 
1 

5 
5 
2 
5 


1 
1 

10 

11 

7 


10 


1 
1 

6 
3 


12 
1 
1 
1 


3 
1 

1 
2 
3 

7 

3 
5 


12 
1 


6 
3 
1 
1 

10 
6 


10 
2 
4 


9 
4 

7 
3 
1 


7 

2 

1 

4 

3 

13 

8 

1 

13 

14 

4 

5 


5 
10 


13 
1 

7 
17 


1 
5 
1 

14 
4 
2 
6 

3 
20 

7 

12 

11 

3 

7 


1 

16 
1 

3 

2 

13 

13 

15 
34 
7 
11 
1 
1 
7 
2 
o. 


5 

1 

25 


5 

47 

4 

36 

21 


14 
2 

5 
3 

3 

19 
8 
1 

10 
7 
3 
7 

1 
1 

16 
2 
1 
4 
1 
11 
13 
1 

10 

21 

7 

7 

1 

7 
2 
2 


7 

1 

26 


4 

35 

3 

21 

8 


1G4 


III. 

49.  Lecanactis,  . . . . 

50.  Platygraplia,  . . 

51.  Melaspilea, . .  . . 

52.  Opegrapha,    . . . 

53.  Xylographa,   . . 

54.  Grapliis, 

55.  Cbiodecton 

56.  Glyphis, 

57.  Arthonia, 

58.  Mycoporum,   . . 

59.  Agyrium, 

IV. 

60.  Siphula, 

61.  Sphaeroplioruig, 
63.  Acroscyplius, . . 

63.  Acolium 

64.  Calicium, 

65.  Coniocybe, 

V. 

66.  Endocarpon,   . . 

67.  Normandina,  . . 

68.  Segestria, 

69.  Staurotliele, . . . 

70.  Trypethelium, 

71.  Sagedia, 

72.  Verrucaria, . . . . 

73.  Pyrenula, 

74.  Pyrenastrum,. 

75.  Strigula, 


No. 
Sp. 

N. 

S. 

G. 

W. 

Alp. 

Arc. 

Tr. 

N. 
Am. 

Eu. 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

12 

3 

5 

4 

3 

6 

4 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

17 

1 

14 

2 

12 

2 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

34 

13 

12 

9 

2 

3 

1 

12 

15 

15 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

8 

6 

2 

4 

1 

2 

4 

3 

23 

14 

2 

7 

1 

2 

1 

5 

20 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

8 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

6 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

9 

8 

1 

8 

2 

5 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

20 

14 

6 

3 

1 

5 

15 

21 

4 

12 

5 

1 

11 

5 

8 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

823 

410 

190 

222 

103 

112 

75 

171 

236 

363 

N.E. 


1 
1 
1 
7 
3 
3 


17 
1 
1 


2 

19 

3 


4 

2 
1 
2 
1 
4 
10 
8 


399 


An  interesting  feature  of  onr  Lichen  Flora,  is  tlie  fact  tliat  a  num- 
ber of  species  whicli  occur  in  Europe,  have  as  yet  been  found  only 
in  the  western  portion  of  North  America,  from  Nebraska  to  the 
Pacific,  only  a  few  of  which  are  connected  with  Europe  through 
the  intervening  Arctic  region,  which  are  indicated  in  the  following 
list: 


1G5 

1. 

Dactylina  inndrei)iforiiiiis. 

27. 

2. 

Evornia  divaricata. 

28. 

3. 

E.  vulpina. 

29 

4. 

Alectoria  Fremontii. 

30. 

5. 

Umbilicaria  rugifera. 

31 

6. 

U.  murina. 

32. 

7. 

Soloriiia  crocea  (Arctic). 

33 

8. 

Leptogium  albo-ciliatum. 

34. 

9. 

L.  scotinum. 

35. 

10. 

L.  palmatum. 

36. 

11. 

Placodium  fiilgeus. 

37 

12. 

P.  callopisnium. 

38 

13. 

P.  variabile. 

39 

14. 

P.  Binapispermum  (Arctic). 

40. 

15. 

P.  fulvo-luteum  (Greenland). 

41 

16. 

Lecanora  crassa  {or  lentigera). 

42 

17. 

L.  verrucosa  (Arctic). 

43 

18. 

L.  Sciileiclieri. 

44 

19. 

L.  peliscyplia. 

45 

20. 

L.  rliagadiosa. 

46 

21. 

Riuodina  aterrima. 

47 

22. 

Pertusaria  bryontlia  (Arctic). 

48 

23. 

P.  dactylina  (Arctic). 

49 

24. 

Gyalecta  rliexoblepliara  (Arctic). 

25. 

Biatora  decipiens. 

50 

26. 

B.  globifera  (Arctic). 

B.  globulosa. 

B.  cinnabarina  (Arctic). 

B.  cuprea  (Arctic). 

B.  castanea  (Arctic). 

B.  quernea. 

B.  erysibe. 

B.  artyta. 

B.  sphaeroides. 

Lecidea  mamillaris. 

L.  vesicularis. 

L.  vitellinaria  (Arctic). 

L.  borealis. 

L.  turgidula  (Arctic). 

L.  atro-brunnea  (Arctic). 

L.  insularis. 

L.  caulescens. 

L.  epigaea. 

L.  badia. 

Lecanactis  abietina  (Arctic). 

Arthonia  impolita. 

Siplmla  ceratites. 

Acolium  tympanellum. 

Endocarpon  cinereum, 

V.  cartilagineum  (Greenland). 

PhacopsiB  vulpina. 


Of  the  relation  of  our  Lichen  Flora  to  that  of  Asia  and  Japan, 
I  have  little  information.  The  following,  originally  published  as 
American,  have  been  found  in  the  regions  indicated. 


Cetraria  Ricbardsonii Siberia. 

C.  cbrysantlia Japan. 

Umbilicaria  rugifera  ......   Siberia. 


U.  Mublenbergii Siberia. 

U.  Pennsylvanica Asia ;  Japan. 

Collema  leptaleum  ....  Japan. 


Alectoria  Fremontii,  Cetraria  Oakesiana,  Thelotrema  subtile,  and 
Conotrema  iirceolatum,  occur  in  Europe;  Usnea  cavernosa,  in  S. 
America  and  India ;  U.  angulata,  in  S.  America  and  New  Zealand ; 
Eamalina  reticulata,  in  New  Zealand;  Pannaria  leucosticta,  in  New 
Zealand ;  and  R.  tenuis,  is  cosmopolitan.  These  lists  might  doubtless 
be  extended. 


166 


APPENDIX. 

The  following  additions  and  corrections  to   my  list  of  North 
American  Lichens  are  here  noted. 

ADDITIONS. 

Evernia  intensa,  Nyl.,  Flora,  1873 Mexico. 

Parmelia  crinita  v.  eciliata,  Nyl.,  Flora,  1869 Mexico. 

P.  praesignis,  Nyl.,  Flora,  1873 Mexico. 

P.  colpodes  V.  cristulata,  Nyl.,  Syn.  p.  404 North  America. 

P.  tiliacea  v.  sublaevigata,  Nyl.  (P.  sublaevigata  Nyl.) North  America. 

f  P.  livida  Tayl.,  Nyl.,  Syn.  383 New  Orleans. 

P.  perforata  v.  cetrata,  Nyl.,  Syn.  p.  378 New  Orleans. 

Physcia  setosa  (Nyl.),  Syn.  p.  429 Mexico. 

P.  obscura  v.  compacta,  Nyl.,  Syn.  p.  428 Arctic. 

Umbilicaria  cylindrica  v.  Delisaei,  Nyl.,  Scand.  p.  117 Arctic. 

Sticta  pallida,  Hook Mexico. 

**Placodium  murorum  v.  tegulares,  Fw New  England. 

P.  arcticum  (Kbr.  Parerg.  p.  68) Labrador. 

*Lecanora  caesio-alba,  Kbr New  York. 

L.  cupressi,  Nyl.  Flora,  1872 North  America. 

L.  cinerea  varr.  **  lacustris,  Nyl.  *HofFmanni,  ib North  America. 

L.  rhagadiosa,  Ach Yellowstone. 

Rinodina  sophodes  varr.  **  atro-cinerea  (Nyl.)  **  roboris  (Duf.)  New  England. 

*  R.  aterrima  (Kremph.) California. 

**  Pertusaria  leioplaca  v.  marginata,  Nyl.,  En.  p.  336 North  America. 

P.  pustulata  V.  schizostoma,  Nyl.,  ib.  p.  336 New  England. 

P.  paradoxa,  Linds.,  W.  Greenland,  p.  344 Greenland. 

Thelotrema  postpositum  (Nyl.),  N.  Gr.  p.  552 Louisiana. 

Stereocaulon  denudatum  v.  caespitosulum,  Nyl.,  Syn.  p.  247.  New  England. 

S.  strictum,  Th.  Fr.  Ster.  p.  42 Mexico. 

S.  albicans,  Th.  Fr.  Ster.  p.  63  (S.  nanum  Ach.  saltern  pp.)  .. .   New  England. 

Cladonia  uncialis  v.  turgescens,  Schaer United  States. 

Heterothecium  leptocheilum.  Tuck.  (Nyl.  Antill.,  p.  14)  ....  Mexico. 

H.  chloritis  (Tuck.),  Nyl.  N.  Gr.  p.  66 Southern. 

*Lecidea  raamillaris  (Gouan) Yellowstone. 

L.  Campsteriana,  Linds.  1.  c,  p.  358 Greenland. 

L.  Vahliana,  Linds.  ib.,  p.  358 Greenland. 

Buellia  discoensis  (Linds.),  ib.  p.  356 Greenland. 

B.  Egediana  (Linds.),  ib.  p.  330 Greenland. 

B.  Groenlandica  (Linds.),  ib.  p.  351 Greenland. 

B.  insignns,  Nacg.,  Linds.  1.  c,  p.  355 Greenland. 


1G7 

B.  i)apillnta  v.  nlbo-ciiicta,  Th.  Fr Northwest. 

Opegiapha  subvulgata,  Nyl.,  Flora,  1869 Mexico. 

Grapliia  pruinosa  (Escliw.),  Nyl.,  N.  Gr.  p.  5G4 Mexico. 

Segestria  nucula  v.  granulata,  Nyl.,  Antill.,  p.  22 Mexico. 

Verrucaria  Campsteriana,  Lindg.  1.  c,  p,  343 Greenland. 

[T/iis  and  V.  tartaricola  Linds.  are  prohnhly  parasitic  fungi.'] 

§  Pyrenula  subelliptica,  Tuck.,  Lea  Cinciun.  p.  47 Ohio. 

Phacopsis  viilpina,  Tul California. 

Opegrapha  antiqua,  Lesq.,  in  Hayden's  Report,  1873,  pp.  370,  418,  is  the  only 
fossil  Lichen  as  yet  recorded  on  this  Continent. 


CORRECTIONS. 

Umbilicaria  mammulata,  Ach.=  U.  spodochroa. 

U.  polypliylla  v.  deusta  =  U.  flocculosa  Hoifm. 

Sticta  creniilata,  Del.=  S.  Ravenelii  T.  =  S.  erosa  (Eschw.). 

Paunaria  Michneri,  T.  =  P.  molybdaea  Pers.  f. 

Synalissa  lignyota  should  be  S.  fuliginea  (Wahl.). 

Lecanora  coniza,  T.  =  L.  subf  usca. 

XJrceolaria  hybocarpa,  T.  =  L.  subfusca,  f. 

Stereocaulon  chlorellum,  T.  is  not  a  species,  the  specimens  belonging  to  Ram- 

alina. 
Biatora  leucoblephara,  Nyl.,  perhaps  does  not  differ  from  B.  tricholoma,  Mont. 
Lecidea  grossa,  Pers.  should  be  transferred  to  Heterothecium. 
Arthonia  pruinosa,  Ach.  =  A.  impolita  (Elirh.). 
Page  10,  after  No.  202,  insert :     6.     Spores  muriform,  plurilocular. 

Postscript. — Since  these  pages  were  sent  to  the  printer,  I  have 
had  the  opportunity  of  examining  the  Lichens  collected  by  Dr. 
Coulter,  Botanist  to  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition  to 
Colorado,  during  the  summer  of  1873.  Among  them  are  three 
which  are  new  to  the  United  States,  but  occur  in  Europe,  as  follows : 

1      Solorina  bispora,  Nyl. 

2.  Lecanora  calcarea  (L.),  Smf.,  with  an  elegantly  effigurate  thallus. 

3.  Endococcus  erraticus  (Mass.),  Nyl.     Parasitic  on  Placodium  elegans. 


168 


XI.    Kleiner  Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  einiger 
Nordamerikanischer  Lepidoptera 

VON  AUG.   R.   GROTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  October  Zd,  1873.] 

Der  geelirte  Herr  Professor  Zeller  hat  die  Giite  geliabt,  eine  kleine 
Yon  mir  determinirte  Sammlung  Nordamerikanischer  Schmet- 
terliuge  iind  Motten  mit  seiner  Sammlung  zu  vergleichen  und  zu 
bestimmen.  Ich  uehme  jetzt  die  Gelegenheit  eiuige  synonyme 
Berichtigungen  zu  machen,  die  zum  Theil  auf  eine  beinahe  gleich- 
zeitige  Publication  beruhen,  zum  Theil  durch  eine  Unkenntniss 
von  dem  in  Amerika  Publicirtem  entstanden  sind.  Einen  starken 
Contrast  bieten  die  jetzigen  Publicationen  des  Herrn  Professor  Zel- 
ler liber  unsere  Lepidopterenfauna,  mit  denen  des  Herrn  "Walkers. 
"Wiihrend  wir  von  Deutschland  zuverliissige  Bestimmungen,  sorg- 
faltige  Beschreibungen  und  eine  passende  Eiicksicht  erfahren,  haben 
wir  das  Gegentheil  von  England  und  zum  Theil  von  Frankreich 
erlitten ;  und  es  wird  uns  sogar  zugemuthet,  von  Seiten  des  Brit- 
tischeu  Museums,  eine  unwissenschaftliche  und  im  allerhochsten 
Grad  unzuverlassige  Publication  bios  deshalb  zu  verschmahen,  well 
der  Autor  uns  zuvorgekommen  sei. 

Ich  zJlhle  hier  einige  von  den  Arten  auf,  die  ich  an  Herrn  Pro- 
fessor Zeller  schickte,  mit  Beisetzung  seiner  betreffenden  Bemer- 
kungen. 

Hesperia  commiiniSj  Orote,  Can.  Ent. 

Ueber  diese  Art,  die  im  siidlichen  Theile  von  Alabama  zahlreich 
vorkommt,  schreibt  mir  Professor  Zeller:  "Ich  habe  sie  in  der 
Sammlung  unter  dem  Namen  lU^peria  alhovittata,  Mus.  Berol." 


1G9 

Nolaphnna  malaiia. 

Bvachijtaenia  malana,  Fitcli,  ]>.  214. 

Ich  hiibe  an  Ilerrii  Professor  Zeller  die  echte  malana  {Brachy- 
taenia  malana,  Fitcli)  gcschickt,  inid  icli  bekam  folgende  Bestim- 
mnng :  "  Xola  malana  S  ,  so  von  Dr.  Speyer  bcstimmt.  Die  zwcite  sclir 
jlhnliehe  Art  hat  im  <5  ungekilmmte  Fiililer,  und  solclie  schickten  mir 
die  Herrn  Burgess  und  Packard  als  malana.  Meinen  Artikel  muss 
ich  berichtigen,  well  ich  beide  Arten  nicht  schied."  "Wenn  man  die 
Beschreibung  von  Fitch  vergleicht,  so  wird  man  von  der  Eichtigkeit 
der  Bestimniung  des  Herrn  Dr.  Speyer  iiberzeugt  sein.  Bei  Fitch 
heisst  der  Vorderrand  "  outer  edge  "  oder  "  margin."  Seine  Phrase : 
"  From  the  middle  of  the  outer  margin  a  straight  black  line  extends 
obliquely  towards  the  inner  angle,  and  ends  abruptly  near  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Aving,"  betrifft  zwar  beide  Arten,  bezcichnet  aber  gut 
die  breitere  Querlinie  von  malana,(lie  scheinbar  an  derausseren  und 
unteren  Ecke  der  Mittelzelle  endet.  Er  sagt  entschieden:  "The 
antennae  in  the  males  are  pectinated  with  two  rows  of  short,  robust 
branches."  Bei  der  Zeller'scheu  Art  aber  heisst  es:  "Aber  die  ganz 
ungefransten  Fiihler  des  $  und  der  Mangel  des  Schuppenhockers 
am  untern  Ende  des  AYurzelgliedes  lassen  die  Errichtung  einer 
besonderen  Abtheilung  zu."  Fitch's  Abbildung  seiner  malana  ist 
ganz  falscli  und  passt. nicht  zu  seiner  Beschreibung.  Es  scheint  mir, 
dass  beide  Arten  nicht  mit  Nola  verbunden  werden  konnen.  Fiir 
die  Zeller'sche  Art  schlage  ich  den  Namen  Zelleri  vor.  Nolaphana 
malana  hat  Nebenaugen,  vorgestreckte  Palpen,  starke  Zunge,  hinter 
der  Basis  der  Fiihler  am  Scheitel  eine  ohrenartig  erhohte  Beschup- 
pung.  Es  wird  fiir  Zelleri  eine  Unterabtheilung  anzunehmen  sein, 
welche  Asisyra  heissen  kann.  (Dass  v.  Heinemann  Callegenia  als 
Unterabtheilung  zu  Nola  zieht,  wo  so  vieles  widerspricht,  wird 
gewiss  nicht  zugelassen  werden.)  Im  ?  Geschlechte  sind  die  Hinter- 
fliigel  bei  beiden  Arten  dunkel  oder  schwiirzlieh,  was  bei  Fitch  nicht 
erwiihnt  wird.  Ich  hoffe,  dass  wir  wieder  von  Professor  Zeller  iiber 
die  beiden  Arten,  seiuem  Versprechen  gemiiss,  horen  werden. 

Caradrina  miranda,  Orote. 

Das  Weibchen  habe  ich  an  Ilerrn  Professor  Zeller  geschickt  und 
er  schreibt  mir :  "  iihnlich  Lepigoni  ?  ,  mir  neu." 

BUL.    BUP.    SOC.    NAT.   SCI.  (22)  OCTOBER,    187.T. 


170 

Anomis  xylina  {Say). 

Ueber  diese  Art  schreibt  mir  Herr  Professor  Zeller :  "  liabe  icli 
melirfach  ans  Texas,  ohne  Namen,  daber  ist  mir  der  Name  sehr 
lieb."  Diese  Art  kommt  auch  scbaarenweise  bei  Buffalo  im  Septem- 
ber und  Oktober  vor,  und  scheint  mir  vom  Siiden  eingewaudert ; 
bis  jetzt  haben  wir  die  Eaiipe  nicbt  gefunden,  ihre  FutterjDiianze,  die 
Baumwolle,  gedeiht  bier  iiicbt.  Die  Art  ist  von  Gueuee  initer  dem 
Namen  bipimctinaheschrieheu,  und  gewiss  friiber  von  Hubner,  Zutr., 
fig.  399-400,  abgebildet  und  auf  Seite  32,  als  von  Babia,  Aletia  argil- 
lacea  benannt.  Es  stimmt  d.  siidlicbe  Fundort  mit  meiner  Bebaupt- 
ung  iibereiu,  dass  das  Tbier  unserer  Fauna  nicbt  zugebort,  sondern 
von  Mexico  und  den  West  Indiscben  Inseln  jedes  Jahr  eindriugt  und 
die  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten  jabrige  Baumwollpflanze  verwustet. 
Man  vergieicbe  in  dieser  Hinsicbt  Seite  122  und  123  dieses  Bandes, 
und  zwei  Aufsatze  von  mir  im  Rural  Carolinian,  1871  und  1872. 

Colobocliila  interpuncta,  Grote. 

Madopa  interpuncta,  Grote. 
Colobocliila  saligna,  Zeller. 
Colohochyla  interpuncta,  Grote. 

Meine  Art  aus  Alabama  ist  gewiss  der  Zellerscben  aus  Texas 
gleich.  Es  feblt  bei  mir  die  Bescbreibung  einer  der  3  Piinktcben, 
den  ich  an  meinen  zwei  Exemplaren  nicbt  bemerkt  babe. 

Sudariophora  callitrichoides,  Grote. 

Phyprosopus  callitriclioides,  Grote. 
Sudariophora  nasutaria,  Zeller. 

Herr  Professor  Zeller  sclireibt  mir  iiber  diese  interessante  Art,  dass 
der  von  mir  publicirte  Name  den  "  Vorrang  bat."  Aber  mit  Eecbt 
tadelt  Herr  Professor  Zeller,  zu  gleicber  Zeit,  die  Scbreibart  des 
generiscben  Namens.  Anstatt  meinen  Namen  jetzt  zu  bericbtigen, 
ziebe  icb  vor  den  Namen  beizubebalten,  den  Herr  Professor  Zeller 
der  Gattung  gegeben  bat,  was  nicbt  mebr  als  Eecbt  ist,  wenn  man 
auf  beinabe  gleicbzeitige  Publication  Eiicksicbt  nimmt.  Es  ist 
audi  die  Zeller'scbe  Bescbreibung  der  Gattung  die  bessere,  und 
es  feblt  bei  mir  die  Erwiibnung  der  Mentum  appendicibus  duabus 
pendulis,  elongatis,  die  von  Herrn  Professor  Zeller  ganz  passender 
AVeise  als  sudarii  bezeicbnet  worden  sind.     Dagegen  findet  sicb  bei 


171 

mir  eine  Beschreibung  der  minder  cnvuhnungswerther  Rippen- 
verl.iuf,  die  von  Herrn  Professor  Zeller  uiclit  nntersucht  worden  ist. 
Ich  lioffe  dass  in  der  Zukunft  kcine  bibliognostichen  Fricdcnsstorer 
meinen  Gattungsname  anferwecken  mogen,  wodurch  meine  Freude 
sicher  gestort  wiirde.  (In  meinem  2ten  Aufsatz  ist  der  Name  der 
Gattung  Pangrapta,  Hithner,  zweimal  falsch  geschriebcn,  jcdocli  in 
meinem  3tcn  Aufsatze  richtig  zu  finden.  Daselbst  ist  Xantlioptera 
coccineifascia  verdruckt,  eiu  Feliler  der  auf  der  letzten  Seite  nicht 
mehr  vorkommt.) 

Uud  nun  zu  Sudariopliora  callitrichoides.  Das  Thier  wird  vou 
Professor  Zeller  zu  den  Spannern,  von  mir  aber  zu  den  Noctuinen 
gerechnet,  imd  als  mit  Calpc  und  Hemiceras  verwandt  angesehen. 
Ilerr  Professor  Zeller  schreibt  mir  in  dieser  Hinsiclit :  "Dass  die 
Gattung  Ocellen  liat,  babe  ich  irgendwo  gelesen,  iind  sonach  ware 
es  eine  Noctuine  von  spanneriihnlicliem  Ausselien.  Dalier  werfe 
ich  die  Frage  auf:  ist  der  Mangel  von  Ocellen  bei  den  Spannern 
Kegel  ohne  Ausnahme  ?  "Was  sagt  die  Raupe  dazu  ?"  Die  letzte 
Frage  kann  ich  nicht  beantworten,  denn  die  Raupe  von  S.  callitrich- 
oides ist  mir  nicht  bekannt.  Dass  das  Thier  zwar  kleine,  aber 
deutliche  Ocellen  besitzt,  habe  ich  mit  Hulfe  des  Mikroscops  wahr- 
genommen  und  Herr  Professor  Zeller  hat  die  Angabe  vielleicht  in 
eiuem  meiner  Briefe  gelesen.  Gegen  Clemens'  Behauptung  scheint 
Professor  Zeller  die  aclite  Doryodes  acutaria,  wie  Guenee,  zu  den 
Spannern  zu  rechnen. 

Asopia  costalis  (Falr^. 

Von  mir  seit  einigen  Jahren  so  bcstimmt  und,  wenn  ich  nicht 
irre,  von  Herrn  Riley  durch  meine  Bestimmuug  im  Prairie  Farmer 
veroflTentlicht.  Unsere  Exemplare  scheinen  sich  nicht  von  den  Euro- 
piiischen  specifisch  zu  unterscheideu.  Herr  Professor  Zeller  schreibt 
mir  dariiber:  "sicher  in  Europa  und  Amerika  gleicli."  Die  Art 
hat  eine  Flugelspannung  von  16  bis  18  m,  m. 

Asopia  oliiialis;  Ouenie. 

Asopia  trentonalis,  Sclilaeger. 

Diese  Art,  von  den  Staaten  New  York  und  Pennsylvania.,  unter- 
scheidet  sich  von  costalis  durch  bedeutendere  Grosse,  duuklere  uud 
trlibere  Farbung,  verhaltnissmassig  kleineren  Costalflccken  der  Ober- 


172 

fliigel  (cler  Ausseufleck  nacli  nuten  zugespitzt),  mit  mehr  siclitbaren 
Mittelliuien.  Es  sind  bei  meinen  Exemplaren  drei  Oostalbakchen 
Torhanden.  Fliigelspaunung  20  bis  24  m.  m.  Ilerr  Professor  Zeller 
sdireibt  mir :  "  meiue  Himonicdis  bat  die  beiden  Querliuien  der 
Vorderfliigel  viel  naber  und  niir  zwei  Costalbakcben  dazwiscbeu." 

Pseudasopia,  n.  g. 

Scbeiut  mir  zwiscben  Asojjia  mid  der  mir  nnbekaunten  Zel- 
ler'scbeu  Gattung  Endotriclia  zu  steben.  Entscbieden  von  Asopia 
durcb  die  Anwesenbeit  der  kleiuen  Nebenaugen  zu  trenuen.  Zuuge 
kurz,  anliegend  bescbuppt.  Palpen  am  Kopfe  aufsteigend  mit 
kurzen  versteckten  vorgeneigteu  Endgliedern.  Nebenpalpen  vor- 
banden ;  an  den  Fiiblern  finde  icb  keine  besonderen  Merkmale. 
Beine  ziemlicb  lang,  anliegend,  die  Scbenkel  dicbt,  bescbnppt.  Vor- 
derfliigel  mebr  Avie  doppelt  so  lang  als  breit,  sonst  im  Fliigelscbnitt 
der  hokwaxden  Aso2yia  fa7'inalis  zu  vergleicbeu. 

Pseudasopia  squamealis,  Grote. 

Diese  Art  hat  mebligbescbnppte  gestreckte  Fliigel,  die  enger  "wis 
gewobnlicb  erscheinen.  Vorderfliigel  rotblicb  brann  mit  scbwarzen 
Atomen  vermiscbt.  Die  beiden  Querlinien  weit  entfernt,  fein  zackig, 
fabl-gelb  mit  scbwarzen  Scbattirnngen  anf  dem  Mittelfelde.  Die 
gewobnlicben  Costalflecken  sind  bier  auffallend  klein  nnd  nur 
Erweiterungen  der  Querlinien.  Die  aussere  Querlinie  entspringt 
bei  M  des  Vorderrandes  (und  ist  gleicb  darunter  auswarts  gebogen) 
und  ist  also  dem  Hinterrande  ungewobnlicb  nabe  gelegen.  Fran- 
sen  aller  Fliigel  scbwarzlich,  mit  feiner  duukler  Tbeilungslinie. 
Eiicken  rotblicb  braun.  Hinterfliigel  braun-grau,  spiirlicb  bescbuppt, 
mit  dunklor  von  einem  bellen  Scbatten  gefolgter  fein  zackiger 
Bogenlinie  bei  %;  Saumbander  rotblicb  angeflogen.  Unten  sind 
alle  Fliigel  staubfarbig  oder  braun-grau,  von  einer  feinzackigen  Aus- 
senlinie  durcbzogen,  die  nacli  Aussen  bell  begranzt  und  die  der 
Oberseite  entspricbt.  Saum  aller  Fliigel  wieder  rotblicb  ersclieinend; 
also  gleicbt  die  Unterseite  aller  Fliigel  der  Oberseite  der  Unter- 
fliigel.  Fliigelspannung  24  bis  26  m.  m.  Mebrere  Ex.  bei  Hastings, 
New  York,  in  Juni  geftmgen.  Das  Geader  babe  icb  bis  jetzt  nicbt 
untersucben  konnen.  Unter  diesem  siiecifiscben  Namen  babe  ich 
das  Tbiercben  Ilerrn  Professor  Zeller  milgetbeilt,  dem  es  neu  war- 


173 

Botis  gentilis,  Chrote. 

Major,  abdomine  $  elongate,  cinerascente,  albido-annulato ;  alls  pallidis- 
sime  flavidis,  griseo-mixtis,  in  disco  subiridescentibus,  anteriorum  maculis 
3  discalibiig  annuliforraibus,  strigis  3  fusccsconti-cinereis,  secunda  repanda 
cum  macula  secunda  liueis  coujuncta,  tertia  serratissima.    3  2. 

Botis  Thesealis,  Zeller  (non  Led.),  S.  514. 

Uebcr  diese  Art  schreibt  mir  Ilerr  Professor  Zeller,  diiss  (nacli 
Rogenliofer  i.  1.)  sie  iiiclit  die  Lederer'sche  Art  sei,  die  in  dem  Mus. 
Caes.  stelit.  Als  Botis  2}ertextalis  habe  ich  eiue  nahe  steliende  Art 
bestimmt,  welclie  greller  gezeiclmet  ist.  Ein  einzigcs  Exemplar  im 
Buffalo  Verein's  Museum  sclieint  mir  zu  Botis  aMominalis  Z., 
gehorig.    Botis  gentilis  ist  eine  der  gewohnliclisten  Arten. 

Botis  iiiagistralis,  Grote. 

Die  grosste  mir  bekannte  Art  aus  der  Verwandscliaft  von  gentilis, 
pertextalis  und  ahdominalis  ;  fast  so  gross  v^ie  flaviclalis.  Hell  grau- 
licli  gelb,  mit  greller  braunliclier  Zeiclmung  und  fast  durclisicbtige 
Fliigel.  Die  Adern  sind  von  braunliclien  Atomen  melir  oder  we- 
iger  vollstandig  bedeckt,  ein  gcgittertes  Aussebeu  die  Fliigel  gebeud. 
Der  Costalrand  ist  breit  braunlich  gelb.  Der  Saumbaud  ist  auch 
braunlicli  gelb,  von  der  braunen  scliarf  gezeiclmeten  gezalmten 
3.  Querlinie  wurzelwiirts  gefolgt.  Discalflecken  dick  und  gross, 
braun,  "wenig  heller  gekernt.  Ein  langer  brauner  Wiscli  auf 
dem  Mittelfelde,  iiber  der  Falte  liegend,  in  Zelle  2.  Hinterfliigel 
mit  greller  Fortsetzung  der  Zeiclinung;  Saumbaud  hell  gelblich. 
Alle  Fliigel  stark  irisirend.  Auf  der  Unterseite  ist  die  Zeichnung 
weuiger  stark  wieder  gegeben.  Kopf  und  Eiicken  graulich  braun ;  die 
Beine  und  Brust  Aveisslich.  Palpcn  oben  braun,  unten  Aveisslicli. 
Fliigelspannung  30  bis  35  m.  m.    Aus  Massachusetts. 

Anmerkung.  Da  ich  vermuthlich  friihcr  oa-ydalis  und  Jfavi- 
clalis  nicht  schied,  so  ist  es  Avahrscheinlich  dass  ich  lacoalis  zu  oxy- 
clalis,  cinctipedalis  dagegen  zu  jlavidalis  setzen  sollte,  anstatt  beide 
Walker'sche  Arten  zu  oxydaJis  zu  ziehen. 

Botis  sxiMeiitalisj  Orote. 

S  Grosser  und  weuiger  grell  gefiirbt  als  marciilenta,  die  gewiss 
richtig  von  Zeller  bestimmt  wird,  und  nur  der  Abbildung  nach  einige 
Zweifel  lassen  kann ;  es  sind  bei  unseren  "Descriptions"  eben  die 
Beschreibungen  und  nicht  die  Abbildungen  der  Arten  gcnauer  zu 
nehmen.     Alle  die  Querliuien  deutlicher   als   bei  marcnJenta  der 


174 

Fall  ist.  Fahl-  oder  hell-ocker-gelb.  Die  aussere  Mittellinie  lauft 
beinalie  gerade  herunter  bis  zur  Eippe  5,  dann  mit  eiuer  Aus- 
buchtung  bis  2,  sodann  imegale  Zabne  bildend  zum  Inuenrand 
verlanfeud.  Die  3.  Queiiiuie,  vor  dem  Hinterrande,  ist  aiiflfallend 
breit,  regelmassig  gezahnt  und  eriunert  an  Botis  gentilis,  dem  die 
neue  Art  an  Grosse  gleiclit.  Die  feine  braimliclie  Hinterrandlinie, 
so  wie  die  Fransen,  sind  von  Scbattenstreifchen,  die  aiif  den  Zellen 
liegen,  dnrcbschnitten.  Hinterfliigel  mit  schwacliem  Mittelpunkt, 
gescblangelte  Mittellinie,  die  nach  dem  Hinterrande  zu  verloscJit, 
nicht  wie  hei  gentilis,  u.  a.  A.,  einwdrts  unter  Rij^i^^  2  ivieder  er- 
scheinend,  sondern  auf  dem  liier  weissliclien  Fliigel  Spuren  einer 
Fortsetzunff  in  fortlaufender  Riclihing  zeigt.  In  dieser  Beziehung 
zeigt  suhdentalis  eine  Verwandscbaft  mit  marculenta.  Es  kann  sclion 
deslialb  nicht  serratissimalis  sein,  da  die  Queiiinie  der  Hinterflugel 
niclit  stumpfwinklig  gebrochen  ist  und  den  Vorderrand  erreicht, 
obwobl  das  Tliierclien  sich  audi  dureli  seine  gelbliehe  Farbung 
und  dadurcb  dass  die  zwei  Discalflecken  niclit  ringformig  sind,  sich 
von  gentilis  underscheidet.  Die  Mittelzelle  scheint  mir  auch  nicht 
kiirzer  zu  sein  als  bei  Botis  der  Fall  ist,  und  so,  wenn  icli  micli 
auch  im  Geschlechte  irre,  kann  meine  Art  nicht  zu  Crocidopliora 
gehoren.  (0.  pustuliferalis.  Led.,  kenne  icli  aus  Alabama.)  Unten 
weisslich  gelb,  schwach  irisirend,  die  Zeichnung  wiedergegeben  aber 
verloschen.  Kopf,  Elicken  und  Hinterleib  fiihl-gelb ;  Unten  weiss- 
lich, die  Beine  dunkler.  Diese  Art  entbehrt  alle  gesattigtere  ocker- 
rothliche  Farbung.  Fliigelspannung  23  m.  m.  Aus  der  Umgegend 
von  Buffalo.  Leiclit  von  marculenta  zu  unterscheiden  durcli  den 
verschiedenen  Verlauf  der  ausseren  Mittellinie  und  die  gezackte 
3.  Querlinie,  die  sich  auf  dem  ninterfliigel  fortsetzt. 

Anaphora  agrotipennella,  Orote. 

Can.  Ent.  p.  137  f,  July,  p.  143  ?  Aug.,  1872. 

Ebenda  babe  ich  eine  zweite  Art  aus  Alabama  mit  weissliclien 
Oberfliigeln  als  Anapliora  mortipennella  beschrieben.  Ueber  agroti- 
pennella  schreibt  mir  Herr  Professor  Zeller :  "  Ich  babe  sie  als  An- 
aphora  scardina  beschrieben,  und  das  Manuscript  befindet  sich  in 
Wien."  Es  ist  mir  sehr  wahrscheinlich  ilass  Pinaris  hamiferella, 
Huhner,  Zutr.,  S.  14,  fig.  441-442,  aus  Eio  Janeiro,  und  Acrolophus 
vitcllus  Poey,  Cent.  Lep.,  aus  Cuba,  zu  Anaphora  gehoreu  odcr  damit 
verwandt  sind. 


175 


XII.    Description  of  the  genera  Argyrophyes  and 
Condylolomia  and  of  a  species  of  Deuterollyta 

BY   AUG.    R.    GROTE. 
[Bead  before  tJiis  Society,  October  23, 1873.] 

Argyrophyes,!  n.  g. 

Ocelli  wanting.  Maxillae  rudimentary,  entirely  concealed  by  the  prominently 
long,  very  thickly  scaled  labial  palpi  (Plate  5,  fig.  1),  which  exceed  the  front, 
their  third  article  directed  forwards.  Wings  full ;  primaries  (Plate  5,  fig.  2) 
large,  with  evenly  arcuate  costa,  straight  external,  and  consequently  long 
internal  margin ;  10-veined  ;  cell  long,  closed  ;  2  to  5  at  decreasing  intervals  ; 
6  from  the  cross  vein  ;  7  to  apex  ;  8  out  of  7  to  costa;  9  from  upper  and  outer 
angle  of  the  cell  to  costa ;  10  and  11  wanting.  Hind  wings  (Plate  5,  fig.  3) 
rounded,  rather  disproportionally  smaller,  7-veined  ;  cell  incompletely  closed, 
angulated  ;  vein  5  wanting ;  no  accessory  internal  veins ;  on  both  wings  the 
cells  are  undivided. 

The  species  is  frail,  white,  pulverulent,  with  somewhat  the  out- 
liue  of  Homophysa,  so  that  at  first,  aud  considering  the  bushy  palpi, 
the  insect  might  be  considered  as  Pyralidous.  The  neuration  dif- 
fers essentially,  however,  from  that  type ;  the  absence  of  ocelli  and 
the  rounded  secondaries  are  Geometridous  characters.  The  anten- 
nae are  simple,  scaled,  provided  beneath  with  longer  and  very  fine 
hairs  in  the  male,  in  the  female  these  are  shorter,  two  on  each  of 
the  well-exposed  joints;  the  caputal  scales  are  massed  about  the 
antenual  insertion. 


Argyrophyes  cilicoides,  Grote. 

Pure  white,  shaded  with  smoky  brown.  Fore  wings  with  a  raised  blotch  of 
black  metallic  scales  at  the  extremity  of  the  cell ;  opposite  and  beyond  this, 
inside  of  the  transverse  line,  are  a  few  more  scattered  dark  scales.  The  ter- 
minal portion  of  the  median  space,  on  which  the  metallic  blotch  is  placed,  is 

^  Gr. :     apyvpeog  et  (pvi). 


17G 

transversely  shaded  with  pale  smoky  brown.  The  transverse  posterior  line  is 
indicated  by  darker  scales.  It  is  lightly  sinuate,  outwardly  rounded  opposite 
the  cell.  Subterminal  line  fine,  quite  distinct,  pale  smoky  brown,  nearly  per- 
pendicular, a  little  irregular,  twice  more  prominently  indented.  There  are 
very  faint  indications  of  basal  transverse  shade  lines  ;  fringes  white.  Hind  wings 
white,  with  a  smoky  discoloration  inside  the  fringe,  more  prominent  towards 
the  apices.  Beneath,  the  fore  wings  are  dark  smoky  brown,  except  along 
internal  margin  near  the  base,  where  they  are  white  as  are  the  fringes.  Hind 
wings  white  with  faint  dot  and  smoky  shadings.  Body  parts  white ;  a  faint 
mixture  of  brown  scales  is  perceivable  under  the  glass,  especially  on  the  legs. 
The  insect  distantly  recalls  in  aj^pearance  the  European  Cilix  spinula. 

Expanse,  16  m.  m.     My  specimens  were  collected  in  New  Jersey. 


Condylolomia,^  n.  g. 

Vein  8  of  the  secondaries  (Plate  5,  fig.  5)  anastomising  with  7 ;  veins  3  and 
4  of  the  fore  wings  (Plate  5,  fig.  4)  furcating.  In  the  male  the  costa,  beyond 
the  cell,  at  a  little  beyond  basal  third,  is  provided  with  a  fold  within  which  is 
concealed  a  tuft  of  hair.  At  the  base,  at  costa,  aho'ce  the  cell,  is  a  rounded 
blister.  Fore  wings  with  the  outer  margin  straighter  than  usual,  resembling 
Asopia.  Vein  1  with  au  incomplete  subbasal  lower  branch.  Cell  aborted, 
hardly  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  wing ;  veins  3  and  4  furcate ;  5  thrown  ofi" 
from  the  upper  side  of  median  vein  a  little  without  the  lower  angle  of  the 
cell ;  2  below  and  beyond  5,  about  one-third  of  the  distance  between  5  and  the 
furcation  of  3  and  4.  Vein  6  from  the  discal  cross-vein  near  the  middle  to 
costa,  just  before  the  apices;  7  to  costa  near  6;  8  out  of  7  to  costa  at  the 
center  of  the  wing;  veins  9  to  11  wanting;  12  an  abortive  veinlet,  apparently 
skirting  the  basal  blister  and  joining  the  costa  at  the  commencement  of  the 
costal  fold.  Ocelli.  Body  slender,  tortriciform ;  labial  palpi  porrect,  as  long 
as  the  front,  coarsely  scaled ;  terminal  joints  projected  forwards.  Tongue 
spiral.  Maxillary  palpi  not  detected.  Antennae  (  ^  )  moderate,  finely  pubes- 
cent beneath. 

Condylolomia  diifers  from  any  hitherto  described  genus  of  Pyral- 
idae  in  the  9-veined  primaries.  It  agrees  with  Diqjonchelia,  Stego- 
thyris  and  Paraponyx,  in  that  veins  3  and  4  of  the  primaries  are 
furcating  (Lederer's  Plate  2,  fig.  26),  vein  5  arising  from  the  median 
vein  before  the  origin  of  vein  2  below.  It  approaches  in  costal 
character  Cnaphalocrocis  and  Crocidolomia,  but  here  the  swelling 
is  at  base  above  the  very  short  discal  cell,  and  the  fold,  concealing  a 


177 

pencil  of  hair,  l)i'yoiul  llu'  (Uavul  fell,  is  apiiaivully  diUViviit  in  cliar- 
ucter  fri)ni  tlic  costal  orntiinentation  ul"  llic  Asiatic  CrocidoloniUu 

Coiidyloloinia  nartitipialis,  Grote. 

i  . — The  fore  wings  are  sniooth,  dark  oclircy  yellow,  more  or  less  washed 
and  shaded  with  vinous  red,  especially  terminally.  There  is  no  percci)til)le 
ornamentation  except  an  outer  transverse  even  slightly  arcuate  pale  shade 
line  with  a  preceding  reddish  stain,  lliud  wings  dark  fuscous,  a  little  i)al(! 
at  costa.  Th<^  fringes  are  rather  long,  glistening,  dark  reddislt  on  primaries, 
pale  fuscous  on  the  hind  wings.  Beneath  paler,  testaceous' with  obscure  red- 
dish shadings.  Primaries  the  darker,  with  a  transverse  line  at  ^l,  followed 
by  a  pale  outward  shading  and  corresponds  with  that  on  the  upper  surface. 
Hind  wings  pale  yellowish,  with  the  inception  of  a  transverse  shade  marks 
on  costa.  Abdomen  above  fuscous,  the  prominent  anal  tuft  and  under-surface 
yellowish.  Legs  dusty  yellowish  ;  middle  and  fore  tiliia  reddish  outwardly. 
Thora.K  and  head  above  like  the  primaries. 

Expanse,  1-4  m.  in.     Habitat,  Pennsvlvania  (Xo.  8). 

Deulerollyta  borealis,  Grotc. 

f,  . — From  the  base  of  the  antennae  two  long  scaled  processes  extend  back- 
wards over  and  close  to  the  thoracic  surface,  reaching  to  the  mesothorax,  and 
resembling  in  position  the  palpi  of  Anaphora.  Labial  palpi  exceeding  the 
head,  third  joint  long  and  pointed  ;  maxillary  pali)i  present,  very  short.  Fore 
wings  dusty  yellowish  gray  with  ])owdery  black  lines.  Inner  middle  line 
determinate  on  costa,  irregular.  A  black  discal  dot  inside  of  the  narrow  me- 
dian shade.  Outer  middle  line  irregularly  denticulate,  produced  about  vein 
4,  thence  running  inwardly  below  vein  3,  whence  it  descends  very  slightly 
outwardly  projecttu  to  internal  margin.  Terminal  field  wide;  a  Avide  black- 
ish'  terni'.uivi  shade  band,  dnged  with  brown,  not-ibly  so  at  about  internal 
anglfe.  AVerminal  series  of  well-marked  interspacet.  blackish  marks,  becom- 
ing continuous  inferiorly  ;  fringes  whitish.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  the  veins 
darker  marked;  a  discal  dot  very  near  the  base  and  costal  border:  a  terminal 
strongly  marked  line;  fringes  whitish.  Beneath  pale  yellowish  gray  ;  a  mu- 
raon  line  and  discal  dots  ;  the  marginal  shade  band  less  prominent.  Thorax 
and  head  above  like  primaries.  Leg.s  concolorus  ;  tibiae  marked  outwardly 
with  black. 

From  Cambridg-e,  Mass.  ronccted  by  J.  C.  :Merrill  (Xo.  9). 
ExjMiise,  20  m.  in.  Kindlv  determined  as  D.  conspicualis,  Led. 
(from  Brazil),  on  Lederer's  authority,  for  me,  by  Prof.  Zeller,  but 
differing  decidedly  by  the  greater  Avidtli  of  Iho  terminal  spaces  on 
both  surfaces,  the  irregularly  denticulated  exterior  lines  which  are 
more  inwardly  placed,  the  smaller  size  and  i)aler  color. 

nn-.    BIK.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (i'J)  <XT<)«KK.    ISTIi. 


17b 


XIII.    Description  of  a  Butterfly  new  to  the  Lower 

Lake  Region 

BY    AUG.    R.    GROTE. 

[Read  before  this  Society,  October  2M,  1873.J 

Callicista,  n.  g. 

Eyes  hairy.  Antennae  very  slender,  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  again 
as  the  abdomen ;  club  prominent,  cylindrical,  comparatively  short.  Fore 
tibiae  about  five-sixths  the  length  of  hind  tibiae.  Fore  wings  with  the  costal 
margin  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  internal  margin ;  external 
margin  equal  in  length  to  internal  margin,  sinuate,  being  unusually  strongly 
inwardly  retreated  from  below  vein  3  to  internal  angle.  Cell  less  than  half 
as  long  as  the  wing.  Hind  wings  broadly  elongate  ovate,  internal  margin 
nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  abdomen. 

Callicista  seems  to  have  its  nearest  ally  in  Strymon,  H'ahier.  It 
is  more  Hesperiform  than  any  of  the  Theclid  genera, 

Ciillicista  ocellifera,  Oi-otc. 

5  . — Wings  above,  dark  bronzy  brown.  On  the  cell  of  primaries  a  large 
blackish  sexual  spot.  On  hind  wings  two  black  spots  before  the  external 
margin,  near  the  anal  angle,  apparently  resting  on  an  extremely  fine  pale  hair 
streak ;  fringes  whitish.  Wings  beneath,  pale  dull  violet  brownish  gray. 
Primaries  with  three  terminal  series  of  white  lunules  on  the  interspaces 
descending  from  the  costal  region.  The  first  series  fainter,  marginal,  con- 
tinued, following  the  shape  of  the  external  margin  ;  the  second  consisting  of 
three  lunules,  terminating  on  the  interspace  above  vein  4 ;  the  inner  series  pre- 
ceded by  blackish  spots,  opposite  the  cell  smaller  and  parallel  with  the  sec- 
ond band,  but,  below  vein  4,  two  spots  are  placed  outwardly  and  continued 
below  the  second  series.  Hind  wings  with  two  basal,  blackish  pupilled,  white 
ringed,  rather  large  distinct  spots,  recalling  those  in  Everes  in  position. 
A  mesial  band  of  black  pupilled,  white  ringed,  ocellate  spots,  a  little  waved 
and  irregular,  the  spots  unequally  defined ;  beyond,  a  subterminal  series  of 
unequally  V-shaped  white  marks,  accented  outwardly  by  dark  shades,  the  points 
turned  towards  the  base  of  the  wing;  a  terminal  series  of  white  lunules,  with 
dark  outer  shade  spots,  interrupted  by  a  large  black  spot,  between  veins  2  and  3, 
surmounted  by  a  vivid  orange  yellow  shade,  and  containing  a  few  metallic 
points.     A  black  fringe  dot  at  the  anal  angle.     A  marginal  whitish  narrow 


179 

line,  faintly  noliceablo,  also,  on  the  fori'  win^s;  frlii{,'rs  dark.  A  darkor 
linear  sliade  on  the  cross-vein  of  secondaries,  perceivable  within  the  mesial 
band. 

Length  of  fore  wing, along  the  costa,  11  m.  ni.  Breadth,  from  apex  to  internal 
angle,  7  ni.  m.  Length  of  internal  margin,  1  ni.  m.  Total  length  of  hody, 
9  m.  m. 

This  pretty  little  species  was  taken  by  Mr.  Ottomar  Reinecke, 
near  Aurora,  about  17  miles  southward  from  Buffalo,  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  and  Philadelpliia  Railroad.  The  locality  presents 
a  succession  of  hilly  eminences,  covered  by  a  moderate  groAvth  of 
hemlock,  mixed  Avith  deciduous  trees.  The  specimen  Avas  taken  on 
the  loth  of  July.  On  the  same  occasion  Argus  Eurydice  Avas  quite 
abundant.  Mr.  EdAvards,  in  his  synopsis  of  North  American  But- 
terflies, enumerates  39  species  under  the  genus  Thecla,  of  Avhicli 
number,  15  arc  from  California,  1  from  Utali  {rrfjinis),  and  1  from 
Nevada  [q/gnns) :  a  single  species  {halesus)  enjoys  a  range  from 
Florida  to  California,  Avhilc  another  {mopsus)  is  found  from  New 
England  to  Colorado  Territory.  Mr.  S.  H.  Scudder  records  12  spe- 
cies, from  New  England,  under  G  genera.  It  is  probable  that  Cal- 
licista  ocellifera  Avill  be  in  future  added  to  the  list,  as  its  range  is 
not  likely  to  be  confined  to  this  region  of  country.  Our  butterfly 
is  remarkable  for  its  resemblance  to  Everes  on  the  under  surface  of 
the  secondaries,  but  here  there  is  but  one  marginal  black  spot  and 
superposed  broad  orange  luuiform  shade,  while  in  Everes  there  is  a 
succeeding  one,  here  absent,  a  fcAV  black  scales  on  the  succeeding 
interspace  indicating  its  position.  On  this  account,  also,  it  resem- 
bles Lampides  Balliston,  Hubner,  fig.  229-230,  from  Georgia.  It  is 
a  much  smaller  and  narroAver  insect,  hoAvever;  on  the  underside 
the  two  prominent  ocellate  spots  at  base  of  secondaries  are  not 
indicated  by  Iliibner,  Avho  represents  a  single  larger  ocellus  on 
internal  margin,  wanting  in  ocellifera.  On  the  primaries  there  are 
double  discal  streaks,  and  the  black  spots  accompanying  the  inner 
even  transverse  bands  on  Ijoth  Avings  are  Avanting,  in  BalUston.  On 
the  primaries  the  transv^erse  lines  are  much  less  complete  and  much 
more  croAvded  on  to  the  external  margin,  having  a  very  ditferent 
position,  in  Callicista  ocellifera.  Iliibner's  species  is  not  catalogued 
by  Mr.  Edwards.  The  European  L.  Boetiens  may  be  considered 
the  type  of  Lam})ides. 


ISO 


XIV.    Description  of  three  Genera  of  Noctuidae 

BY   AUG.    R.    (IROTE. 
[Bead  before  this  Society,  October  2Sd,  1873.] 

HadeiiJi  turbnlenta. 

PhospMla  turbulenta,  Hiibuer,  Zutr.  S.  15,  figs.  67,  08. 
Ampliipyra?  turbulenta,  Walker. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  Avitli  lashes.  Antennae  (  2  )  simple,  sparsely  and  finely 
pubescent.  Thorax  tufted  on  the  disc  behind  the  collar.  Abdomen  with 
slight  dorsal  tufts.  Tibiae  unarmed.  Slender-bodied;  squamation  pulveru- 
lent on  the  Aviugs,  hairy  on  the  legs  and  thorax.  Bright  brown  ;  fore  wings 
widening  at  outer  third,  paler  outside  of  the  t.  p.  line.  Median  lines  approxi- 
mate inferiorly;  t.  p.  line  superiorly  outwardly  projected,  double,  the  inner 
line  most  distinct,  lunulatedentate.  Costal  region  between  t.  p.  and  subter- 
minal  line  dark  brown,  relieving  the  pale  costal  dots.  Subterminal  line  faint ; 
on  the  subterminal  space  the  veins  are  darker  marked.  Two  prominent  dark 
brown  parallel  streaks,  fused  by  a  dark  shade,  rest  on  the  submedian  inter- 
space above  internal  angle.  Hind  wings  pale  brown,  with  an  even,  outwardly 
pale  shaded,  transverse  line  opposite  the  t.  p.  line  of  primaries ;  a  faint  discal 
streak  and  diffuse  darker  terminal  shade.  Fringes  on  primaries  dark,  cut 
with  pale  at  the  extremity  of  the  nervules  ;  on  secondaries  pale  reddish  with 
a  dusky  outer  shade.  Beneath  duller  hued,  with  discal  dots  and  common  line. 
Noticeable  from  the  inward  position  of  the  t.  p.  line  of  primaries  and  trans- 
verse line  of  the  hind  wings. 

Expanse,  28  m.  m.  Albany  (Lintner);  Georgia  (Hiibner).  A 
species  not  noticed  by  CJuenee,  and  referred  without  any  apparent 
reason  to  Ampbipyra,  Ijy  AYalker.  Ti-om  Hiibner's  figures. 

lloiuolijidena,  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  with  feeble  (V)  lashes.  Tibiae  unarmed.  Thorax  with 
smooth  iim-Ievated  discolorous  collar,  the  disc  untufted.  Abdomen  without 
tufts,  a  litiLj  tiattened  (  5  ).  JNIaxillae  moderate.  No  frontal  protuberance. 
Size  moderate.  Differs  from  Hadena  by  the  untufted  thorax  and  abdomen. 
Ornamentation  peculiar ;  ordinary  spots  and  subterminal  line  obsolete ;  me- 
dian lines  even,  flexous,  approximate ;  t.  p.  line  strongly  arcuatedly  projected 
opposite  the  cell ;  a  brown  dash  from  base  to  t.  a.  line,  below  submedian  vein, 
continued  more  faintly  across  the  median  space  to  an  opposite  notch  on  the 
t.  p.  line ;  a  second  large  dash  on  the  cell  continued  beyond  the  t.  p.  line. 
Brown  ;  liind  wings  whitish  in   ,*,  ;  fuscous  in  ?  . 


181 

liomoliadensi  badistiii^M. 

Iladeua  badidniju,  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  isoc.,  p.  ^0,  ItiVZ. 

Albany  (Lintiicr);  New  York  (Dvolc);  Tiomloii,  CuiKicla  (Saun- 
ders). Larva  on  the  common  lloneysiickle  (Lonicera  sempervirens); 
chrysalis  in  a  tolerably  tirni  cocoonct.  At  the  time  I  originally 
described  the  species,  Mr.  Lintner  kindly  drew  my  attention  to  the 
fact,  that  I  luul  wrongly  described  the  eyes  as  hairy. 

Adipsoplianes,'  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  ^vUllout  lashes.  No  cljpeal  projection.  All  the 
tibiae  unarmed.  Antennae  of  the  usual  (73  of  the  costal)  length.  Thoracic 
vestiture  smooth.  Palpi  equally  thickly  scaled,  but  very  slightly  exceeding 
the  front.  Abdomen  without  tufts.  Clypeus  without  tuft,  closely,  shortly 
and  thickly  (coutrastedly)  scaled.  Head  not  retracted.  Legs  smoothly  scaled, 
bat  with  longer  sparse  hair  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  hind  tibiae.  Fore 
wings  with  the  external  margin  rounded,  the  long  fringes  projected  very 
slightly  at  internal  angle.  Vein  8  of  the  hind  wings  out  of  the  upper  margin 
of  the  cell ;  general  habit  recalling  Caradrina.  Antennae  (  i  ,  simple,  scaled 
above,  with  exceedingly  short  and  fine  down  beneath.  Palpi  thickly  scaled, 
third  joint  .small,  more  closely  scaled.     Maxillae  moderate. 

In  using  Lederers  analytical  table  we  refer  this  moth  as  allied  to 
Stilbia,  among  the  European  genera,  from  which  it  differs  by  the 
absence  of  secondary  sexual  disparities,  the  simple  antennae,  the 
absence  of  a  mesothoracic  tuft  and  the  contrastedly  colored,  close 
velvety  clypeal  squamation  (as  compared  with  the  paler  and  longer 
scales  of  the  vertex).  The  form  is  slender;  wings  elongate,  pale 
colored;  ornamentation  Leucania-like.  It  approaches  in  general 
appearance  and  form  very  closely  to  Guenee's  Cramhodes  talidifor- 
mis,  but  in  that  species  the  antennae  are  subpectinate,  the  clypeal 
surface  is  not  discriminated  by  its  A'estiture,  the  terminal  palpal 
joints  are  longer,  more  obtuse  and  broader. 

Adipsophanos  iiiiseolluS}^  Grote. 

$  2  ■ — Fore  wings  pale  brownish  gray,  with  fine  interrupted  black  lines  on 
the  veins  accompanied  by  narrow  whitish  shades.  The  usual  ornamentation 
obsolete.  Terminal  space  darlver  tinted.  An  interrupted  terminal  blackish 
line;  the  long  pale  brownish  fringes  cut  with  whitish  opposite  the  veins. 
Hind  wings  white,  subtranslucent,  with  a  brown  line  and  jiale  brownish  ter- 
minal shade  fading  to  anal  angle,  m  ore  obvious  in  5  ;  fringes  white.  In  the 
2  there  is  an  exceedingly  slight  indication  of  a  transverse  line  from  nervular 

1  Gr. :     (i'Vi/'Of  et  <pa!vn/ia(.  zSpec.  sub  Xo.  2  :ul  eel.  Zeller  misi. 


182 

flecks,  apparent  also  beneath  on  the  dusted  costal  region.  Beneath,  without 
markings ;  fore  wings  pale  brownish ;  hind  wings  white ;  terminal  lines  well 
marked.  Squamation  slightly  lustrous.  Body  parts  gray;  clypeal  surface 
blackish. 

B.rpansc,  28  m.  m.  Habitat,  New  York  (Alliaiiy,  Liiitner); 
Pennsylvania;  Massachusetts;  qtiite  common,  and  in  all  collections. 
The  types  are  in  the  Collection  of  this  Society, 

Plagioinimicusj^  n.  g. 

Ocelli.  Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Clypeus  with  a  broad  naked  cup-like 
depression,  the  raised  edges  forming  inferiorly  a  wide  semicircular  corneous 
projection,  beloAv  which  a  corneous  ridge  crosses  the  face  above  the  moderately 
slender  maxillae.  Labial  palpi  shorter  than  usual.  Legs  unarmed.  Fore 
tibiae  with  a  stout  terminal  curved  spine.  Antennae  simple,  with  short  hairs 
beneath  on  the  joints  {$).  Squamation  scaly,  as  in  Lygranthoecia,  not  hairy, 
as  in  Heliolonche  and  Heliothis.  Thorax  short  and  square  ;  tegulae  laterally 
spreading,  with  elevated  terminal  scales.  Abdomen  without  tufts,  very  little 
exceeding  the  hind  wings. 

Plagiomimlcus  pityochromus,  Grofe. 

$  ?  . — Color  of  Lygranthoecia  marginata  and  L.  TJioreaui.  Median  lines 
narrow,  distinct,  white  ;  transverse  anterior  a  little  inwardly  depressed  in  its 
general  course  above  the  median  vein,  about  which  it  forms  a  faint  angle, 
thence  straightly  to  internal  margin ;  transverse  posterior  running  outwardly 
from  costa  to  vein  6,  where  it  is  angulated,  thence  descending  with  an  inward 
sweep  evenly  to  internal  margin  which  it  joins  (running  inferiorly  parallel 
with  the  t.  a.  line)  at  within  p;j  from  the  base,  narrowing  the  median  space 
inferiorly.  Discal  siwts  evident,  elongate,  lying  in  slightly  opposed  posi- 
tions, black  (especially  the  orbicular),  surrounded  by  narrow  white  borders, 
constricted  medially,  figure  8-shaped.  Subterminal  line  preceded  on  costal 
region  by  a  darker,  large  triangular  shade  which  obtains  between  the  t.  p.  and 
s.  t.  lines  superiorly.  Hind  wings  a  little  paler  than  jirimaries,  similarly  tinted, 
plain.  Beneath  without  markings ;  fringes  concolorous.  Body  parts  like  the 
wings. 

E.qianse,  2^  m..  r\\.  Hahitat,  A\i\hixn\\x\  Albany  (Lintner).  Size 
of  Lygranthoecia  marginata,  with  the  primaries  more  widely  trian- 
gulate. From  both  species  of  Lygranthoecia,  specifically  easily 
separable  by  the  paler  more  olivaceons  general  tint,  the  apically 
produced  transverse  posterior  line  and  the  distinct  guttiform  discal 
spots,  and  generically  by  the  frontal  excavation.  The  type  is  in  the 
collection  of  this  Society. 

^  Gr. :     TT??/; ;/  ct  /ii/ttKor. 


i8;j 


XV.    On  Wallengren's  ''  Lepidoptera  Scandinaviae 
Heterocera  disposita  et  descripta." 

BY    AUG.    11.    GROTE. 

The  meritorious  work  of  II.  I).  J.  Wullengren  on  Swedisli  Moths 
(Lund,  18G3),  has  not,  as  yet,  received  our  attention.  The  first  part 
(Closterocera)  is  before  us,  and  a  hrief  reference  to  certain  points 
presented  by  it  may  be  of  interest.  FolloAving  Dumeril  and  Bois- 
duval,  Wallengren  assumes  divisions  higher  than  Famihes  for  tlie 
Moths,  but  although  their  definitions  are  more  extended,  they  arc  not 
recommended  to  acceptation  by  any  more  important  contradistinc- 
tions than  when  first  announced  by  the  French  Entomologists.  And 
although  Wallengren  says,  "  Closterocernes  antennform  skiljer  dessa 
fjiirilar  genast  fran  alia  Xematocera  och  Chetocera"  (p.  4),  lie  leaves 
out  of  consideration  the  American  Zygaenoid  genera,  certain  of  Avhich 
are  not  separable  from  Wallengren's  Xematocera  on  antennal  char- 
acters. To  his  exception  "  Paranthrena,"  (properly  written  Paran- 
threne,  Hiihner,  S.  128),  must  now  also  be  added  the  Texan  Setioid 
genus  Zenodoxus,  G.  and  R.  To  the  gradual  modification  of  the 
antennae  throughout  the  Suborder  (more  perceivable,  perhaps,  in 
our  American  fauna)  is  owing  a  gradual  change  in  structure 
Avhich  necessarily  makes  any  HEpaq  classification  unnatural  and 
impossible.' 

Wallengren  retains  the  less  compact  Smerinthoid  species  in  the 
highest  position  among  the  Sphingidae.  We  object  to  this  on  the 
ground  that  their  Bombyciform  analogies,  nnprismatic  antennae 
(g.  Cressonia,  etc.),  and  weak  abdomen,  are  characters  of  inferiority. 
The  transformation  of  Haemorrhagia  is  more  like  that  of  the  Iles- 
peridae,  and  the  diurnal  flight  of  Iliibner's  Bombyliae  (Vnlgares),  is 
a  character  entitling  them  to  highest  rank.  The  aborted  maxillae 
and   nocturnal   flight  of  Smerinthus  are  characters  indicating  a 

1  See  the  paper  on  Antenna!  Structure,  read  before  the  Torthmd  Meeting  of  the  American 
Association  iuv  the  Ailvanccnient  of  Science. 


184 

lower  rank  in  the  Family.  A'o  generic  separation  of  the  Enropean 
species  of  Smerintlius  is  made  by  Wallengren,  hnt  sucli  is  evidently 
demanded.  Although  the  European  SDieriitfhus  tiJiae  is  ennmer- 
ated  first  by  Latreille  under  his  genns,  yet  it  cannot  be  considered 
his  type  while  he  cites  ocellatvs  under  the  same  name,  and  Avhich 
latter  species  we  have  separated  as  typical  of  the  genns  in  our  Cata- 
logue. Laothoe  Fiihv.  and  Delina  Dahnan.  appear  to  be  cast  for  the 
same  species,  and  to  be  in  reality,  intended  as  =  Smerinthns  Lntr. 
The  former  has  been  nsed  i'or  the  European  iHifuli,  and  Ave  have 
considered  this  species  as  the  type.  Nor  does  this  arrangement  in- 
terfere in  the  slightest  with  Hiibner's  Verzeichniss,  a  Avork  to  which 
we  Avonld  accord  the  fullest  anthority  and  weight.  "We  have 
taken  for  Hiibner's  genns  Paonias  the  type  P.  excaecatus,  which 
(with  Myops  and  Salicis)  he  includes  on  p.  142.  This  genus  is  (ex- 
cluding Salicis  as  the  type  of  Smerinthns)  unrepresented  in  Europe, 
and  contains  two,  if  not  three,  American  species.  Calasymbohis, 
G rote,  is  also  nnreprescnited  in  Europe;  its  type,  Astylus,  is  not 
mentioned  by  Iliibner.  For  the  European  tiliae,  Hiibner's  genus 
Mimas  must  be  retained;  there  are  no  described  American  species. 
"VYe  have  already  proposed  to  restrict  Polyptychus  Hdbner,  to 
Cramer's  dentatus  as  the  type.  (]uite  distinct  from  any  of  the  other 
species  included  under  Polyptychus  and  more  strongly  marked, 
perhaps,  than  any  of  the  other  Smerinthoid  species,  the  American 
jiiglandis  has  ailready  been  separated  uiider  Cressonia. 

Wallengren,  unhappily  (and  unnecessarily),  refers  Philampelus, 
Harris,  as  a  synonym  to  Choerocampa.  The  proper  type  of  this 
genus  is  Ph ilampelus  salellitiu.  Harris  (nee  Linn.),  Daplniis  Pan- 
dorus  Hiil)ner;  the  genus  is  unrepresented  in  Europe.  Wallengren's 
idea  is  probably  taken  from  Bnrmeister's  fusion  of  the  genera  in  the 
"  Sphingidae  Brasiliens."  Nor  does  Wallengren  separate  D.  nerii, 
as  the  type  of  Daphnis  Huhner,  as  has  been  correctly  done  by  Curtis. 
Quite  unnecessarily,  Wallengren  erects  a  new  genus  for  the  Euro- 
pean Macroglossum  stellatarum,  already  origin nlly  considered  as  the 
type  of  Scopoli's  genus.  AVallengren  has,  evio  .>tly,  taken  the  pre- 
valent European  idea  of '•' Macroglossa,"  without  exercising  literary 
research.  For  Hemaris  Dahiuo)  (to  Avhicli  Boisduval  has  referred 
S.  fuciformis  as  the  type),  AVallengren  u^es  the  incorrectly  written 
term  "  Macroglossa." 


185 


XVi.    On  the  Butterflies  of  AnticostI 

IJY   Ar(i.    II.   GROTE. 

[Bead  before  this  Society,  October  31, 1873.] 

Tins  Society  has  received  from  Mr.  William  Conper  a  collection 
of  Lepidoptera  made  in  the  months  of  Jniie  and  July,  on  the 
Island  of  Anticosti,  which  lies  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  be- 
tween latitudes  49°  and  50°.  I  am  under  obligations  to  Mr.  Samuel 
H.  Scudder  for  his  opinion  on  the  eight  species  of  Diurnal  Lepi- 
doptera collected  by  Mr.  Couper.  Two  additional  species  of  Grapta 
have  been  reported,  though  not  seen  by  me,  making  ten  species  of 
butterflies  in  all  known  from  the  island.  No  species  of  Oeneis 
Avere  observed.  Five  of  the  species  received  pi'esent  no  features  of 
particular  interest.  These  are :  Vanessa  Atalanta,  Argynnis  Atlan- 
tis, Phyciodes  Tharos,  Cyaniris  Lucia  and  Cyclopides  Mandan.  The 
other  three  I  notice  more  fully,  as  follows : 

Glancopsyclie  Coiiperi,  Orote. 

This  species  differs  from  Lygdamus  and  Pembina,  in  having  a  much  broader 
dariv  margin  to  tlie  wings.  The  male  (25  m.  m.)  is  more  largely  pale  greenish 
blue  above,  over  the  dark  ground  color,  which,  in  the  female  (27  m.  m.)  obtains, 
the  blue  color  being  confined  to  the  basal  and  discal  fields  of  the  wings. 
Beneath  white  shaded  over  dark,  with  a  subterminal  series  of  7  black-pupiled 
white  ringed  spots  on  the  interspaces,  and  a  discal  ocellus  on  the  i)rimaries. 
Hind  wings  with  a  twice  broken  subterminal  series  of  9  ocelli  with  obsolete 
l)upils,  2  more  coalesced  on  the  disc,  1  above  on  costal  region.     Fringes  whitish. 

Gaiioris  oleracea,  Scudder,  var  borealis. 

The  markings  on  the  veins  are  much  darker  and  broader  than  usual,  espe- 
cially beneath.  The  species  thus  resembles /?•^(7^(?f^  but  the  elongated  form  of 
the  hind  wings  peculiar  to  friyida  is  totally  wanting.  This  is  a  renewed 
example  of  the  interesting  fact  that  white  butterflies  assume  darker  colors 
when  inhabiting  elevated  localities  or  higher  latitudes. 

Papilio  brevicauda,  Saunders. 

The  specimens  agree  in  the  special  ])osition  of  the  markings  with  th(>  New- 
foundland form.  There  is  a  variation  in  the  length  of  the  tails,  and  the 
coloration  is  more  that  of  the  continental  P.  Polysenes  (Asterias).  The  form 
is  a  segregated  geographical  one.  While  the  female  brevicauda  approaches 
in  excess  of  yellow  color  the  male,  in  the  Southern  States  the  male  Polyxenes 
seems  to  approach  the  ordinary  female  type. 

Ft"I..   ■RVF.   POO.    NAT.    SCI.  (24)  NOVEMBER,   18T3. 


186 


XVII.    Notes  on  North  American  Lepidoptera 

BY  H.  K.  MORKISOX,  OLD  CAMBEIDGE,  MASS. 
[Eead  before  this  Society  Nov.  21, 1873.] 

Family  LYCAENIDAE. 

Lycaeiia  pseudofea  {nov.  sp.). 

Expanse,  17  m.  in.     Leivjth  of  hody,  6  in.  m. 

Palpi  above  dark  brown ;  beneath  white,  clothed  with  scattered  stout 
black  hairs,  most  numerous  on  the  second  and  third  joints.  Front  dark,  with 
narrow  conspicuous  white  lines  encircling  the  eyes.  Antennae  alternated  white 
and  black,  club  at  its  commencement  dark  reddish-brown,  shading  to  red  at 
the  tip  ;  body  above  dark  brown,  almost  black  ;  beneath  whitish.  Wings  above 
uniform  dark  brown,  deeper  at  the  base,  and  there  concolorous  with  the  body  ; 
anterior  wings  without  defined  markings ;  posterior  wings  with  a  series  of 
five  small  submarginal  black  spots,  the  three  nearest  the  anal  angle  distinct, 
the  other  two  sometimes  almost  obliterated  ;  fringe  concolorous,  without  any 
trace  of  white.  Beneath,  ground  color  of  a  uuiform  brown,  considerably  lighter 
than  above ;  anterior  wings  with  a  white  ring  (enclosing  a  spot  of  the  ground 
color)  .5  m.  m.  in  diameter  in  the  center  of  the  basal  third  of  the  wing,  rest- 
ing upon  the  median  nervure  at  its  junction  with  the  fourth  median  nervule  ; 
beneath  and  touching  this  ring,  another,  bounded  above  by  the  median  nervure 
and  fourth  median  nervule,  and  resting  on  the  submedian  nervure.  This 
latter  is  an  ellipsis,  major  axis  .75  m.  m.,  minor,  .50  m.  m.  It  is  the  nearest  to 
the  base  of  the  wing.  Two  submarginal  rows  of  faint  white  spots,  situated 
between  the  nervules.  Between  the  basal  rings  and  the  two  submarginal  rows 
of  spots,  the  wings  are  crossed  by  four  white  parallel  lines,  interrupted  by 
the  nervules  and  obliterated  slightly  before  the  costa  and  inner  margin  of 
the  wings.  These  lines  are  perpendicular  to  the  costa,  and  not  parallel  to  the 
submarginal  spots.  Posterior  wings  beneath,  with  a  series  of  three  white 
rings  (enclosing  spots  of  the  ground  color)  directly  beneath  each  other,  and  in 
the  basal  third  of  the  wings.  A  submarginal  l)and  of  six  conspicuous  black 
spots  between  the  nervules.  Before  this  a  narrow  white  band  surrounding 
the  spots,  and  extending  between  them  along  the  nervules.  The  spot  nearest 
the  anal  angle  is  almost  entirely  covered  with  metallic  green,  and  the  rest  of 
the  spots  present  detached  scales  of  this  color,  generally  on  the  side  nearest 
the  margin.  The  disc  of  the  wings  between  the  submarginal  band  and  the 
three  white  rings  is  covered  with  a  series  of  interrupted  white  lines. 


187 

Described  from  three  specimens.  Types  in  the  collections  of 
Edward  Burgess  and  H.  K.  Morrison. 

Hab.,  Key  West,  Florida.  Specimens  taken  February  8th  and 
9th.  This  species  belongs  to  the  same  section  of  the  genus  as  exilis, 
Boisd.,  from  California,  and  fea,  Edws.,  from  Texas.  But  it  can  at 
once  be  distinguished  IVoin  the  latter  to  which  it  is  closely  allied, 
by  the  absence  of  the  metallic  blue  reflection  on  the  basal  third  of 
the  anterior  wings  above,  by  the  concolorous  ground  of  the  wings 
above,  and  below,  without  the  broad  red  bands  oi  feci,  and  by  the 
presence  of  the  two  white  rings  in  the  basal  third  of  the  anterior 
wings  beneath. 

There  are  also  other  differences  which  can  be  seen  from  the 
description. 

I  am  indebted  for  tlio  oi)portunity  of  describing  this  beautiful 
species,  to  my  friend  Mr.  Edward  Burgess  of  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History. 

Lycaena  cassiiis,  Cram.,  Var.  floridensis  {iiov.  var). 

Expanse,  S  20  m.  in.  $  23  m.  m. 

5  • — Palpi  above  black  ;  beneath  the  first  two  joints  white,  the  third  Ijlack 
tipped  with  white,  all  three  clothed  with  thick  black  hairs  ;  antennae  black 
and  white  ;  club  black,  tipped  with  white  ;  body  black  above  ;  beneath  white 
with  a  yellowish  tinge  ;  wings  above  of  a  deep  marine  blue,  with  a  slight 
metallic  reflection  ;  anterior  wings  with  a  very  narrow  black  border  along  the 
costa  and  outer  margin  ;  fringe  black,  changing  to  white  at  the  inner  angle. 
Posterior  wings  with  the  disc  of  a  lighter  blue;  a  black  border  a  little  wider 
than  that  of  the  anterior  wings  ;  fringe  white ;  the  markings  beneath  show 
slightly  above;  beneath  the  ground  color  is  white  with  brown  markings; 
anterior  wings  with  a  series  of  six  marginal  spots  between  the  uervules, 
those  nearest  the  inner  angle  being  double ;  nest  to  these  and  separated  by 
the  ground  color,  a  submarginal  line  formed  of  united  lunules ;  this  line 
extends  uninterruptedly  to  the  fourth  median  nervule ;  from  this  to  the  inner 
margin  it  is  continued  by  a  long  faint  lunule ;  the  next  line  is  short,  extending 
from  the  costa  to  the  disco-central  nervule ;  the  third  extends  from  the  costa 
to  the  third  median  nervule  ;  these  last  two  are  formed  of  connected  lunules. 
The  fourth  is  broad,  uninterrupted,  extending  to  the  median  nervure;  from 
the  median  to  the  third  median  nervule  it  is  represented  by  a  faint  narrow 
line.  The  fifth  Ihie  is  narrow,  continuous  from  the  costa  to  the  inner  margin. 
The  sixth  line  forms  a  broad  continuous  band,  the  sides  of  which  are  parallel 
until  they  reach  the  median  nervure,  and  from  that  point  commence  to  diverge 
imtil  they  reach  the  inner  margin — width  of  the  band  on  the  median  nervure  .75 


188 

m.  in.,  on  the  inner  margin  2.5  m.  m. — thus  forming  a  broad  triangle  resting  on 
the  inner  margin.  The  seventh  line  formed  of  lunules  and  not  quite  touching 
the  costa,  which  from  it  to  the  base  is  brown.  The  eighth  line  is  reduced  to 
a  long  lunule  parallel  to  the  costa.  The  base  and  disc  of  the  posterior  wings 
covered  with  brown  spots  and  lines  of  various  shapes ;  a  submarginal  band  of 
united  lunules,  surmounting  a  marginal  series  of  sis  spots,  situated  between 
the  nervules  ;  the  two  anal  spots  are  deep  black,  each  surrounded  by  a  ring  of 
chrome  yellow  ;  the  second  of  these  spots  is  the  largest ;  they  both  contain  a 
lunule  of  metallic  blue  nearest  the  outer  margin,  and  have  also  detached 
scales  of  the  same  color  scattered  over  them. 

§  . — Anterior  wings  above,  white,  with  a  very  broad  black  border  extended 
from  the  base  along  the  costa  to  the  apex,  where  it  is  much  thickened,  and 
from  the  apex  to  the  inner  angle,  as  in  L.  neglecta  $  .  The  base  of  the  wing 
and  three  bands  corresponding  to  the  principal  ones  below,  are  suffused  with  a 
metallic  blue  reflection;  the  middle  band  extends  from  the  black  costal  border 
across  the  disc  to  the  inner  margin ;  the  outer  band  is  an  arm  from  the  sub- 
marginal  black  border,  and  is  only  suffused  with  blue  internally;  posterior 
wings  with  a  blue  reflection  at  the  base;  a  black  border  formed  of  the  sub- 
marginal  lunules  and  spots,  which  are  united  at  the  costal  angle,  but  separate 
towards  the  anal  angle ;  the  two  black  spots  beneath,  jmrticularly  the  second, 
are  reproduced  conspicuously  above  ;  beneath  the  markings  are  the  same  as  in 
the  male,  except  that  they  are  lighter,  and  in  the  posterior  wings  the  discal 
bands  are  only  represented  by  a  few  isolated  spots. 

Hab.,  Key  West,  Florida.  Taken  from  Feb.  1  to  10.  Types  in 
collections  of  Edward  Burgess  and  H.  K.  Morrison, 

This  species  is  the  representative  in  our  fauna  of  the  Central  and 
S.  American  cassius,  and  will  perhaps  ultimately  be  considered 
distinct  from  it.  But  in  the  large  series  of  specimens  wliich  I 
examined  from  different  localities,  I  was  unable  to  find  anv  constant 
specific  characters  separating  the  two,  although  the  Florida  form 
could  readily  be  recognized  by  its  general  appearance. 

Tliecla  modesta. 

Lycaena  modesta,  Maynard,  Amor.  Nat.,  Vol.  7,  March,  1873,  p.  177. 

This  species  is  not  a  Lycaena  but  a  Thecla,  belonging  to  a  group 
which  has  not  nntil  now  been  found  witliin  the  limits  of  tlie  United 
States.  Modesta  is  extremely  close  to,  if  not  identical  with,  an 
undescribed  species  which  I  have  from  Jamaica  and  Cuba. 

The  insect  fauna  of  Key  West  is  tropical  in  its  character,  and 
intimately  connected  with  that  of  the  West  Indies,  wliile  it  differs 
entirely  from  that  of  Florida,  tlie  nearest  main  land. 


189 

1  aiiiily  EXNOMIDAE. 

Euryineiie  excavaria  {nov.  sp.). 

Expanse,  31  in.  in.     Length  of  hacJy,  11  m.  ni. 

9. — Head  and  collar  violet-black,  the  latter  edged  with  ferruginous  ;  body 
above  ochreous ;  terminal  segment  of  the  abdomen  ferruginous,  anus  violet 
black  ;  body  beneath  and  legs  uniform  ferruginous.  Anterior  wings  with  the 
apex  pointed  ;  a  very  strongly  pronounced  angle  between  the  second  and  third 
median  nervules  (much  more  so  than  in  any  species  of  the  genus  known  to 
me) ;  outer  margin  between  the  angle  and  the  apex  concave  ;  below  the  angle 
the  margin  is  very  deeply  indented ;  inner  angle  slightly  rounded;  anterior 
wings  with  the  ground  color  pale  ochreous,  almost  hidden  except  at  the  base 
and  apex  by  numerous  transverse,  brown  striae;  a  narrow  violet-black  costal 
border,  continuous  with  the  collar,  lined  interiorly  with  red,  extending  one 
third  of  the  distance  between  the  base  and  apex  ;  a  very  thick  dark  reddish- 
brown  line,  commencing  on  the  inner  margin  two-thirds  of  the  distance  from 
the  base  to  the  inner  angle,  and  continuing  perpendicularly  until  a  short  dis- 
tance before  the  fourth  median  nervule ;  at  this  point  it  changes  its  course 
about  thirty  degrees  to  the  right,  extending  in  this  direction  until  within  1.5 
m.  m.  of  the  costal  margin,  where  it  stops  abruptly;  bordered  internally  with 
brighter  red,  externally  with  violet,  which  extends  to  the  inner  angle ;  the 
indentation  below  the  angle,  in  the  outer  margin,  bordered  with  ferruginous  ; 
a  narrow  reddish  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringe.  Posterior  wings  above  ochre- 
ous ;  an  obtuse  angle  at  the  termination  of  the  third  median  rervule,  between 
which  and  the  anal  angle,  the  margin  is  concave  and  bordered  with  dark 
brown  ;  the  anal  angle  slightly  violaceous;  a  ferruginous  line  commencing  on 
the  abdominal  margin  (where  it  is  almost  black)  a  short  distance  above  the 
anal  angle,  extending  about  three  quarters  of  the  distance  across  the  wings, 
gradually  becoming  fainter  and  lost  in  the  ground  color;  posterior  wings  free 
from  striae  except  near  the  anal  angle.  Wings  beneath,  ochreous;  pale  near 
the  base ;  profusely  striated  with  ferruginous,  especially  on  the  posteriors ; 
anterior  wings  with  a  broad  ferruginous  line,  slightly  violaceous,  prominent  on 
the  costal  margin,  corresponding  to  the  upper  part  of  the  line  above  ;  this  line 
is  obliterated  before  the  inner  margin  ;  a  broad  whitish  border  along  the  inner 
margin,  free  from  markings ;  posterior  wings  with  a  broad  violet  border, 
bounded  interiorly  by  a  ferruginous  line  composed  of  accumulated  striae. 

Hah.,  Mew  York.     Collectiuu  of  11.  K.  Morrison. 

This  haudsome  species  can  be  easily  distinguished  from  phlogo- 
saria  Guenee,  and  alcoolaria  Guenee,  by  the  different  number  and 
arrangement  of  the  lines  on  the  anteriors  above;  from  fLTvidaria 
Ilerr.-Sch.  {emarcjataria,  Guen.),  it  differs  by  the  strongly  marked 
indentation  and  prominent  angle  of  the  outer  margin  of  the 
anterior  wings.  There  are  also  other  minor  p.oints  of  difference 
between  the  species,  which  can  be  seen  from  the  descriptions. 


190 


XVIll.    On  Eight  Species  of  Noctuidae 

BY    AUG.    R.    GROTE. 
[Read  iefore  this  Society,  November  21,  1873.] 

1.    Hadeua  sputator,  f?TO^(5. 

Apamea?  insignata,  Walker  p.  729  (n.  b.  1.). 

^  ?  . — I  liave  formerly  united  this  form  Avitli  Iladena  dnbitans, 
Grote  {Mamestra  dulitaris,  Walker,  p.  232),  but  a  large  series  of 
specimens  induce  me  to  separate  it  as  distinct.  The  present  form 
must  receive  a  new  name,  since  that  of  insignata  is  used  for  a 
species,  which  is  most  probably  a  Iladena,  on  page  727,  by  Mr. 
Walker  himself,  while  the  name  had  also  been  previously  used  in 
the  group.  This  is  the  more  usual  species  of  the  two  (found  under 
bark  with  H.  devastator)  and  has  been  sent  me  in  number  by  Mr.  J. 
A.  Pettit,  from  Grimsby,  Canada.  New  York  specimens  have  been 
sent  me  by  Mr.  Mead,  under  the  Number  95.  I  have  taken  it  also 
in  the  vicinity  of  Buffalo  in  August.  It  is  the  smaller  (42  to  44 
m.  m.)  form;  the  fore  wings  blackish  aeneous  brown,  and  the 
markings  almost  entirely  lost;  the  most  prominent  feature  of  the 
primaries  is  the  contrasting  pale  powdery  squamation  of  the  reni- 
form  spot.  Occasionally  the  orbicular  is  dusted  with  similar  pale 
scales,  which  also  relieve  outwardly  and  narrowly  the  subterminal 
line  which  is  preceded  by  improminent  blackish  unequal  cuneiform 
marks.  My  former  determination  of  II.  dnbitans,  li.s.,  p.  142,  needs 
no  rectification.  Iladena  dnbitans  is  the  larger  (48  to  50  m.  m.) 
form  of  the  two,  and  I  have  it  from  the  Middle  States  and  Cali- 
fornia. It  is  of  a  light  smooth  ferruginous  brown,  a  little  darker  on 
the  costal  region  and  terminal  space.  The  transverse  posterior  line 
is  merely  indicated  by  dots  on  the  veins.  In  Iladena  sputator,  this 
line  is  seen  in  fresh  specimens  to  be  indicated  by  a  pale  shading  be- 
tween geminate  dark  lines.  The  spots  are,  in  II.  dnbitans,  also, 
more  or  less  nota])ly  powdered  with  jiale  scales,  but  on  account  of 
the  paler  color  of  tlie  wings  these  do  not  so  prominently  contrast. 
The  hind  Avings  are  brownish  fuscous,  not  blackish  fuscous,  as  in 


I'Jl 

11.  sputjitor.  The  thorax  is  brown,  concolorous  with  the  wings, 
williout  marks;  beneath,  similar  to  II.  sputator,  but  the  color  is 
everywliere  lif^lit  lirown,  not  bhickisli  brown.  Both  species  are  un- 
doubtedly typical  Uadenas,  and  very  closely  allied.  Mr.  Walker's 
generic  references  are  therefore  inexplicable,  Avhile  neither  species 
can  be  recognized  with  certainty  by  the  descriptions  in  the  British 
Museum  Lists.  The  form  described  above  under  a  necessarily  new 
name  bears  a  resemblance  to  the  European  Alopecurus,  Engramclle, 
fig.  373,  b,  not  «;  1  have,  liowever,  both  sexes  of  our  American 
species,  corresponding  with  each  other  in  color.  On  the  other 
hand  Hadena  dubitans  resembles,  but  more  distantly,  Engramelle's 
fig.  373,  a.  The  typical  Hadena  rurea,  is  represented  in  the  collec- 
tion of  this  Society  by  a  New  York  specimen. 


2.  Ipimorpha  pleonectusa,  G'/'o^e. 

(5  . — This  species  is  allied  to  the  European  suhtusa.  It  ditfers  by 
its  larger  size  and  different  tint.  Instead  of  olivaceous,  it  has  a  faded, 
dusky,  warm  testaceous  hue.  The  ornamentation  is  similar,  but  the 
claviform  spot  is  proportionally  larger  in  the  American  species,  in, 
which  it  equals  the  orbicular.  The  subterminal  line  differs  by  being 
outwardly  pale-lined,  and  notably  more  jagged  and  distinct  than  in 
the  European  congener.  Beneath,  the  usual  lines  are  not  perceptible. 
A  longer  description  is  not  necessary ;  the  different  tone  of  the  deli- 
cate evenly  diffused  tint  of  the  nearly  concolorous  species  (with  its 
even  pale  median  lines,  and  large  pale-circled  concolorous  ordinary 
spots),  its  larger  size  and  the  differences  in  the  markings  detailed 
above,  easily  separating  it  from  the  European  subtusa,^\\i\\^\\\\c\\  it 
coincides  in  the  shape  of  the  wings  and  the  presence  of  the  clavi- 
form spot,  the  latter  absent  in  retiisa. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m. 

Ilahiiat,  Sharon  Springs,  New  York  (0  Meske,  3476). 

3.  Seopelosoina  sidus^  Guenie. 

Dichagramma  mnidenta,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliil.,  18G4. 

Ilahitat,  Texas  (Cresson);  New  York  (Lintner). 
Varies  in  the  color  of  the  reniform  spot,  which  is  sometimes  white 
(as  I  have  described  it),  sometimes  fulvous  (as  Guenee  describes  it). 


102 

The  European  satellitia,  varies  in  a  similar  manner.  Our  species 
seems  to  be  more  intensely  colored  than  the  European,  but  other- 
wise resembles  it  closely. 

4.  Scopclosoma  Walkeri. 

Dicliagramma  Walkeri,  Grote,  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Phil.,  1804. 

IlaMtat,  Canada  (Pettit);  New  York;  Buffalo  (coll.  of  this  So- 
ciety). On  account  of  the  long  and  narrow  primaries,  with  uneven 
fringes  and  external  margm,  I  refer  this  species  as  congeneric  with 

5.  sidus,  differing  in  these  characters  from  Cerastis.  The  $  moth  has 
been  taken  in  this  vicinity  in  March,  during  cold  Aveather  (about 
maple  trees,  sucking  the  sap),  by  my  friend  David  F.  Day,  Esq. 
The  sj^ecimens  were  in  good  condition  but  had  evidently  hyberna- 
ted.  Lederer  remarks  that  the  hybernating  specimens  of  Cerastis 
and  Scopelosoma  noticed  by  him  were  all  females.  The  reniform 
varies  as  in  sidus,  being  sometimes  white,  again  ochreous,  usually 
less  distinct  than  in  sidus,  but  again  specimens  occur,  in  which  the 
two  accompanying  white  dots  are  readily  perceivable.  In  its  dusky 
and  ochreous  colors  this  species  is  very  different  from  sidus.  The 
median  shade  in  Walkeri,  is  straighter,  below  the  reniform,  than  in 
satellitia,  where  it  is  waved,  and  the  obsolete  denticulate  transverse 
posterior  line  is  also  a  little  straighter  in  its  general  course.  In  gen- 
eral color  Walkeri  varies  from  ochreous  to  dusky  olivaceous  brown, 
while  the  other  two  species  are  rich  reddish  or  purplish  brown,  and 
so,  much  deeper  and  more  intensely  colored.  The  marginal  pale 
points  in  satellitia,  following  the  finely  waved  terminal  line,  are  not 
perceivable  in  Walkeri,  which  is  the  more  roughly  scaled  species. 


5.    Plusia  Putnami,  Grote,  Plate  4,  fig.  3  ^  . 

I  have,  since  describing  this  species,  received  from  Europe  the  true 
festucae,  corresponding  with  Engramelle's  figures,  585  a-f,  and  I  find 
that  the  North  American  species  I  have  used  for  comparison  with 
Putnami,  is  distinct  h'om.  festucae.  Plusia  Putnami,  differs  from  the 
European  festucae,  in  the  much  smaller  aureate  median  spots  and 
the  different  shape  and  upward  extension  of  the  first  of  these,  and  in 
the  more  rosy  fore  wings  which  want  the  dark  ground  color  and  discol- 


193 

oration  of  the  Tnecliiin  space  superiorly  which  distinguishes /c67?<cae. 
The  course  of  thi' transverse  lines  remains  niiich  Ihesame  in  tlie  two 
species,  while  in  the  Americiin  S})ecies  they  are  much  more  tinted 
with  viviil  orange  red  at  tlie  base  of  the  ])rimarics.  Beneath,  in  my 
specimen,  the  lines  are  very  faint;  1  lliinlv  there  may  be  two  on  the 
hind  wings.  The  species  I  have  considered  hitherto  as  festucae, 
seems  to  me  undescribed.  Guenee  says  of  festucae :  "Jaivuun 
individu  de  1' Amei'iqne  du  iiord  (jui  no  diflere  en  rien  des  notres." 
This,  it  seems  to  me,  could  not  have  been  siiid  of  Put nami.  Mr. 
Walker,  also,  records  festucae  from  North  America. 

The  description  on  p.  146  should  be  amended  and  read  as  follows  : 

S  . — Goldon  yellow,  the  base  of  the  fore  wings  powdered  with  orange  red 
scales,  and  with  the  linear  transverse  shades  traced  in  orange  red  basally  and 
towards  internal  margin.  Beyond  the  t.  a  line  the  region  about  internal  mar- 
gin is  washed  with  pale  golden  as  in  festucae,  irrorate  with  orange  red  scales. 
The  angulate  median  shade  and  all  the  lines  have  apparently  the  same  general 
course  as  in  festucae.  There  are  two  median  metallic  spots,  smaller  than  in 
fcstucne,  black  ringed,  the  inner  and  slightly  larger  one  with  an  upward  exten- 
sion into  the  discal  cell.  The  wing  has  a  pale  rosy  ground  color,  not  dark  as 
in  festucae.  A  black  dot  above  vein  6  at  its  base,  the  indication  of  the  reni- 
form.  The  m<^tallic  portion  of  the  apical  golden  shade  is  limited  to  a  border- 
ing of  the  apical  streak,  not  so  uniformly  spreading  to  the  costa  as  \n  festucae. 
Hind  wings,  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  and  head  rosy;  collar  with  a  lilac  edge. 
Beneath,  pale  ochrey,  with  faint  transverse  lines. 

(J.    Plusia  contexta,  Orote. 

$  . — Fore  wings  a  little  narrower  than  in  festucae  or  Pw^/mmt,  external  mar- 
gin a  little  straighter,  of  the  same  brilliant  colors,  but  the  ground  tint  is  more 
as  in  festucae,  more  of  a  livid  brown,  not  rosy  as  in  Putnami.  The  course  of 
the  median  lines  is  the  same  as  in  its  allies,  but  they  are  hardly  as  distinct. 
The  light  golden  metallic  spots  are  fused,  so  that  they  come  to  have  somewhat 
the  appearance  of  the  spots  in  hiloba;  the  base  of  the  compound  spot  is  straight ; 
the  upper  margin  of  the  spot  does  not  extend  above  the  median  vein.  The 
golden  porti.m  of  the  apical  shade  is  more  extended  inwardly  and  superiorily 
than  in  either  of  its  allies,  reaching  inwardly  to  the  reniform  dot.  Fringes  of 
both  wings  pinkish.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous ,  beneath,  both  wings  pale  rosy 
or  ochrey  fuscous,  with  faint  transverse  lines.  Varies  in  the  extent  of  the  or- 
ange red  powdering  of  the  wings,  so  that  some  specimens  seem  higher  colored 
than  others. 

Expanse,  3-i  m.  m.     Habitat,  New  York ;  Albany  (Lintner). 

Bri..  Et'p.  soc.  NAT.  iei.  (26)  DEeEsrasR,  1873, 


li)4 

7.  Plusia  striatella,  Grote. 

f,  . — A  little  smaller  than  contextn,oi  tlie  same  form,  external  margin  of  pri- 
maries seeming  straighter,  apices  less  produced.  On  the  fore  wings  the  trans- 
verse lines  are  obsolete.  The  ornamentation  reminds  one  of  Leucania,  and 
consists  of  darker  longitudinal  streaks  on  a  pinkish  ground.  Costa,  basally,  and 
internal  margin  throughout  its  length,  narrowly  golden.  The  larger  inferior 
portion  of  the  fore  wing  below  median  vein,  from  the  base  outwardly,  is  deep 
ochreous  brown.  This  dark  color  is  cleanly  cut  by  a  narrow  golden  streak, 
neatly  black  margined,  which  takes  the  place  of  the  ordinary  spots  and  ex- 
tends along  the  sub-median  interspace  from  within  basal  third  to  external  mar- 
gin. A  second  golden  shade  streak  opposite  the  cell,  and  here  margining 
superiorly  the  darker  portion  of  the  wing.  No  dark  apical  shade  as  in  festucae, 
Putnami  and  contexta.  The  second  longitudinal  golden  streak  opposite  the 
cell  appears  to  replace  the  apical  shade  in  those  species  ;  it  differs  here  by  being 
continuous  nearly  to  the  margin,  while  the  darker  oblique  shadings  are  absent 
in  striatella.  Fringes  pink  on  both  wings,  with  fine  basal  line.  Hind  wings 
fuscous,  much  as  in  allied  species.  Beneath,  rosy  ;  primaries,  dusky  fuscous 
centrally  ;  hind  wings  with  no  apparent  transverse  line.  Thorax  and  head 
rosy  yellow  ;  collar  with  lilac  edges. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.  Habitat,  Washington  (Glover,  MS.  Plate  84, 
fig.  22);  New  York  (Lintuer) ;  Canada  (Saunders). 

8.  Mamestra  clavipleua,  Grote. 

t,  $  . — Eyes  hairy ;  tibiae  all  unarmed.  Antennae  ( i^ )  shortly  pectinate, 
ciliate  beneath,  the  pectinations  furnished  with  longer  lateral  spinules.  Size 
moderate ;  wood  or  umber  brown,  the  lines  indicated  by  paler  included  shades  ; 
median  spots  large,  with  distinct  darker  annuli  inwardly  pale-edged  and  with 
diflfuse  dark  centers,  the  reniform  with  a  nearly  obsolete  white  streak.  Clavi- 
form  large,  triangulate,  prominent,  almost  sometimes  blackish — the  most  no- 
ticeable ornamentation  of  the  wing  ;  median  space  rather  narrow  ;  transverse 
posterior  line  incepted  above  reniform  from  a  prominent  costal  pale  mark, 
dentate  on  the  veins,  inwardly  lunulate  between  them;  the  inward  lunulation 
is  extended  on  cell  2  and  the  line  again  outwardly  pointed  on  the  subterminal 
nervure.  Veins  darkly  streaked  opposite  the  points  of  the  t.  p.  line ;  subtermi- 
nal line  pale,  tolerably  distinct  and  continued;  W-mark  obsolete;  a  distinct 
dark  terminal  line  regularly  interrupted  by  pale  dots  at  the  extremity  of  the 
veins  where  also  the  dark  fringes  are  undecidedly  cut  with  pale  color.  Hind 
wings  and  abdomen  brownish  fuscous,  concolorous  ;  basal  portion  of  the  sec- 
ondaries hardly  paler  and  these  are  without  lines  ;  beneath  dusted  with  pale 
scales,  with  faint  transverse  line  and  dot.  Abdomen  with  slight  dorsal  seg- 
mentary tufts.     Thorax  with  a  central  tuft  behind  the  collar. 

Expanse,  30  m.  m.  Habitat,  Albany  (Lintner.  No.  2,288  5  ;  No. 
2,287  ?  ).     Allied  to  the  European  M.  Treitschkei. 


inr) 


XIX.    The  two  Principal  Groups  of  Urbicolae 
(Hesperidae  auct.) 

BY   SAMUEL   II.   SCUDDER. 

[Read  before  this  Society,  December  19, 1873.] 

The  classification  of  the  Urbicolae  (Hesperidae  auct.)  has  proved 
a  stumbling-block  to  all  who  have  proposed  any  arrangement  of 
butterflies.  No  author,  HiibncT  excepted,  has  even  attempted  more 
than  a  generic  collocation,  and  the  two  most  recent  essays  of  this 
sort  have  been  exceedingly  unsatisfiictory.  In  his  Verzeichniss, 
Iliibner  divided  the  "stirps"  into  eight  "families;"  the  first  three 
of  these  are  founded  mainly  on  the  form  of  the  wings,  the  others 
simply  on  their  markings;  these  divisions  are  almost  wholly  unnat- 
ural, although  the  sequence  of  the  genera  is  far  more  reasonable  than 
that  of  Herrich-Schaetfer  or  Butler. 

Fabricius  was  the  first  to  separate  the  family  into  distinct  genera. 
In  Illiger's  Magazine  he  divided  it  into  three  genera — Thymele, 
Helias  and  Pamphila.  Helias  was  founded  upon  a  single,  unde- 
scribed  and  now  unknown  species.  If  we  omit  Helias,  the  genera 
Thymele  and  Pamphila  will  represent  in  the  main*  the  natural 
separation  of  the  Urbicolae  into  two  grand  divisions,  which  are  of 
less  value  than  sub-families,  and  may  therefore  be  termed  tribes; 
to  the  former  we  may  apply  the  name  Hesjjerides,  which  Latreille 
gave  in  1807  to  the  whole  family,  since  it  includes  the  genus  Hes- 
peria;  while  the  other  may  retain  Hiibner's  name  Astyci  (1816), 
formerly  intended  for  the  whole  group. 

The  following  distinctions  will  be  found  between  the  two  tribes : 

In  the  Hesperides,  the  fore  Aving  of  the  male  is  always  provided 
with  a  costal  fold  where  a  sort  of  silky  down  is  concealed ;  this 
feature  is  often  very  inconspicuous;  in  the  Astyci,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  i^iale  is  generally  furnished  with  a  discal  patch  of  pecul- 
iar scales  crossing  the  median  interspaces  of  the  fore  wings,  usually 
in  an  oblique  direction ;  but  sometimes  the  wing  of  the  male  is  as 
simple  as  that  of  the  female.     In  the  male  Hesperides  again,  the 

♦  Some  species  cnamrrated  iiiuler  Pamphila  belong  to  the  first  division. 


196 

poster'or  extremity  of  the  alimentary  canal  is  protected  beneath  by 
a  corneous  sheath,  which  extends  beyond  the  centrum  or  body  of 
the  upper  pair  of  abdominal  aj)pendages,  sometimes  nearly  to  the 
extremity  of  the  appendages,  carrying  the  vent  beyond  the  centrum ; 
while  in  the  Astyci,  the  extremity  of  the  canal  is  not  protected  by 
any  extruded  sheath,  but  opens  at  the  very  base  of  the  inferior 
wall  of  the  centrum. 

In  the  Hesperides,  the  prevailing  color  of  the  butterflies  is  dark 
brown,  marked  with  white  or  translucent  angular  spots;  the  an- 
tennae generally  have  a  long  club  roundly  bent  or  with  a  sinuous 
lateral  curve ;  in  the  Astyci  the  prevailing  tints  of  the  wings  are 
tawny  and  black,  marked  also,  but  often  feebly,  with  pale,  some- 
times vitreous  spots ;  the  antennae  are  provided  with  a  stout  club, 
which  generally  tapers  rapidly  and  terminates  in  a  slender  pro- 
longation, recurved  at  about  a  right  angle;  but  in  a  few  genera  the 
crook  is  very  slight,  or  wholly  wanting. 

The  body  of  the  Hesperi;les  is  proportionally  stouter  than  in  the 
Astyci,  and  their  flight  is  generally  swifter  and  more  direct,  although 
in  some  genera  the  movement  is  unusually  slow.  In  the  higher  Hes- 
perides, when  the  insect  is  at  rest,  all  the  wings  are  held  equally 
erect;  in  the  lower  groups,  the  wings  are  either  perfectly  or  almost 
perfectly  expanded,  or  else  they  present  the  inequality  of  position 
characteristic  of  the  Astyci,  where  the  hind  wings  are  usually  hori- 
zontal or  partially  raised,  while  the  fore  wings  are  vertical,  or  at 
least  more  elevated  than  the  others. 

The  earlier  stages  seem  to  present  no  peculiar  distinctions,  if  we 
except  the  eggs;  in  the  Hesperides  these  are  always  distinctly  rib- 
bed vertically,  and  are  almost  always  taller  than  broad ;  while  in 
the  Astyci  the  eggs  are  smooth  and  pretty  regularly  hemispherical, 
usually  broader  than  high.  The  caterpillars  of  Hesperides  gener- 
ally feed  upon  leguminous  plants,  and  live  in  horizontal  nests  made 
of  leaves;  the  Astyci  feed  on  Gramineae,  and  generally  construct 
vertical  nests  among  the  blades. 

To  the  former  group — Hesperides — belong  such  genera  as  Pyr- 
rhopyga,  Erycides,  Thymele,  Thorybes,  Achylodes,  Erynnis  and 
Hesperia.  To  the  latter — Astyci — Ancyloxypha,  Thymelicus,  Cy- 
clopides,  Atrytone,  Pamphila,  Augiades,  Limochores,  Prenes,  Cal- 
podes  and  Lerema. 


J!»i 


XX.    Note  on  the  species  of  Glaucopsyche  from 
Eastern  North  America 

BY   SAMUEL   H.    SCUDDEK. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  December  26,  1873.] 

Mr.  Grote  has  recently  publishfd  in  this  Bullet  in  a  description 
of  a  species  of  Glancopsj'che,  of  wliich  many  specimens  were  col- 
lected in  Anticosti  by  Mr.  Couper,  and  to  which  Mr.  Grote  gave 
the  name  of  G.  Conperi.  The  description  was  based  upon  nine 
specimens  which,  strange  to  say,  included  only  one  male;  all,  except- 
ing one  female,  were  more  or  less  rubbed  and  their  determination 
was  a  matter  of  no  small  difficulty.  ]\Ir.  Grote  was  good  enough 
to  submit  the  specimens  to  my  inspection  before  (and  again  since) 
description,  and  it  is  bnt  fair  to  him  to  say  that  it  was,  at  least  in 
part,  owing  to  my  report,  that  they  were  described  as  distinct  from 
what  has  ordinarily  b^en  known  in  American  collections  as  Lvcaena 
Pembina  Edw.  The  single  male  seemed  to  have  as  broad  and 
vaguely  defined  a  dusky  border  to  the  outer  margin  of  the  wings,  as 
the  female;  wliile  in  the  previously  known  species,  the  upper  sur- 
face of  the  wings  of  the  male  had  a  distinct  and  very  narrow  black 
edging.  Since  its  description,  however,  I  have  seen  in  different 
collections  thirty  or  forty  good  specimens  collected  by  Couper  at 
the  same  time,  and  no  male  with  markings  resembling  those  of  the 
female  occurs  among  them ;  this  throws  very  strong  doubt  upon  the 
validity  of  the  distinction  and  a  reexamination  of  the  types  is  not 
reassuring,  for  the  wings  of  the  male  are  rubbed  so  that  it  is  impos- 
sible to  assert  positively  that  their  border  was  any  broader  or  less 
well  defined  than  in  those  specimens  from  Avhich  it  was  believed  to 
be  specifically  distinct,  although  its  appearance  tends  to  the  earlier 
conclusion.  On  thr  whole,  therefore,  I  am  inclined  now  to  consider 
all  the  northern  specimens  of  Glaucopsyche  as  belonging  to  a  single 
species. 


198 

The  name  Couperi  will  nevertheless  stand  for  this  species;  for 
Mr.  Edwards  has  recently  called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  in 
describing  Pembina  he  stated  it  to  be  allied  to  the  Californian 
Pheres  Boisd.,  while  in  the  same  connection  he  described  a  Califor- 
nian butterfly  {Behrii)  as  belonging  to  a  distinct  series  of  which 
Lygdamus  Doubl.,  was  the  type.  The  insect,  therefore,  which  we 
have  been  calling  Pembina  cannot  be  that  species,  and  hence  this 
northern  Glancopsyche  was  described  for  the  first  time  by  Mr. 
Grote.     What  the  true  Pembina  is,  remains  to  be  determined. 

The  southern  Glancopsyche,  called  Lygdamus  by  Doubleday,  is 
probably  distinct  from  Couperi.  I  have  not  yet  detected  any  dif- 
ferences in  the  abdominal  appendages  of  the  males,  but  that  is 
hardly  to  be  expected,  since  in  these  parts  the  distinction  between 
closely  allied  species  in  the  Ephori  is  always  exceedingly  slight; 
southern  specimens  of  Glancopsyche,  however,  differ  from  the 
northern,  in  having  a  more  glossy  reflection  of  the  upper-surface  in 
the  males,  a  narrower  dusky  border  of  the  same  in  the  f.-males,  and, 
in  both  sexes,  a  paler  tint  on  the  under-surface,  and  a  tendency  to 
much  larger  spots,  in  which  the  black  central  portion  predominates. 

A  specimen  of  this  species  in  my  collectit)n  (from  Kanawha  Co., 
W.  Va.)  has  the  right  fore  wing  longitudiually  crumpled  in  a  slight 
degree,  the  fold  passing  along  the  middle  of  the  cell;  beneath,  a 
little  before  the  extremity  of  the  cell,  and  also  a  little  before  the 
second  sub-marginal  spot,  is  a  small  roundish  black  spot,  almost 
Avholly  overlaid  by  a  powdering  of  blue  scales,  of  the  color  of  the 
upper-surface,  as  if  there  were  a  partial  inversion  of  the  upper- 
surface,  caused  by  the  fold. 

The  synonymy  of  these  species  will  stand  as  follows: 

1.  Glaucopsyclie  Lygdamus  Scudd.,  Rev.  Am.  Butt.,  33. 

Lycnena  Lygdamus  Doubl.  Entom.,  209. 

Cupido  Lycjdamns  Kirby,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  365. 

.?  Lycaena  Antiacis  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1852,  300. 

2.  (irlaucopsyche  Couperi  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  T,  p.  185  (printed 
Nov.  5,  1873). 

Lycaena  Pembina  Edw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  37. 
Olaucopsyche  Pembina  Scudd.,  Rev.  Am.  Butt.,  34  [not  Lycaena 
Pembina  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Pliilad.,  18G2,  224]. 


lS)i) 


XXI.    On  a  New  Species  of  Grammysia  from  the 

Chemung  Group 

BY    WILLIAM    II.    PITT. 

[Head  before  this  Society,  December  26,  1873.] 

Genus  Grammysia,  DeVerneuil, 
Bulletin  de  la  Soc.  Geo!,  de  France,  Vol.  4,  p.  GOG,  1847. 

M.  De  Verneuil's  generic  description  1ms  been  liitely  modified 
"by  Professor  James  Hall,  so  as  to  include  the  species  which  naturally 
belong  to  the  same  group,  as  I'ullows: 

Generic  Characters. — Shell  equivalve,  inequilateral,  varying  from  sub- 
quadrate  to  transversely  elliptical.  Valves  ventricose,  sometimes  inflated  : 
beaks  strong,  prominent  and  incurved  ;  liinge  line  shorter  than  the  shell,  pos- 
terior to  the  beaks.  Dentition  obscure,  or  represented  only  by  irregular  folds 
on  the  cardinal  line :  ligament  external,  jirominent,  extending  from  beneath 
the  beaks  to  nearly  one-half  the  length  of  the  hinge  line.  Cardinal  margin 
bordered  by  a  deep,  well-marked  escutcheon  ;  anterior  end  marked  by  a  small, 
deep  and  strongly  defined  lunule.  Anterior  and  posterior  muscular  impres- 
sions faintly  marked,  the  latter  much  the  larger:  palleal  line  not  sinuate,  but 
broken  into  points  or  ridges,  strongly  rounded  j^osteriorly,  and  uniting  with 
the  large  muscular  scar  near  its  anterior  border. 

Surface  of  shell  often  marked  by  an  oblique  mesial  rib  or  fold,  extending 
from  the  beak  to  the  basal  border,  and  by  numerous  strong  concentric  folds 
or  ridges,  which  are  frequently  obsolete  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  shell. 
The  shells  appear  to  have  been  thin  and  fragile, and  are  usually  much  crushed 
and  distorted  from  compression ;  but  most  of  the  species  occurring  in  the  New 
York  rocks  are  well  marked,  and  not  readily  mistaken,  since  their  specific 
characters  are  easily  distinguished. 

Notice  of  Lamellibranchiate  Shells,  Part  2,  p.  48  [preparatory  for  the  Paleon- 
tology of  New  York']. 

Grammysia  Cliemunjensis  (n.  s.),  Plate  6. 

Shell  attaining  medium  size,  and,  transversely,  decidedly  elliptical ;  valves 
ventricose;  beaks  strong,  incurved,  and  somewhat  flattened;  hinge  line  (as 
near  as  can  be  determined  from  the  specimen,  which  is  a  cast,  left  valve)  less 


200 

tliaii  half  the  length  of  the  shell,  and  barely  arcuate.  Anterior  end  somewhat 
narrow  and  short ;  beneath  the  beaks,  which  are  close  to  the  anterior  end,  is 
a  very  small,  but  strongly  marked,  lunule  ;  the  margin  here  is  broadly  rounded 
into  the  basal  border,  which  is  regularly  curved  except  where  the  oblique 
fold  or  rib  terminates.  The  posterior  margin  is  sharply  rounded,  prolonged, 
and  slightly  oblique  to  the  transverse  axis.  Surface  ornamented  with  concen- 
tric striae  and  undulations  of  growth,  parallel  with  the  margin,  which  are 
strongly  marked  on  the  anterior  end  and  umbo,  but  disappear  on  the  posterior 
slope  and  cardinal  region.  There  are  traces  also  of  an  oblique  middle  fold  or 
rib,  extending  from  the  beak  to  the  basal  margin,  considerably  behind  the 
middle  of  the  valve.  This  fold  or  rib  is  not  deeply  marked  in  the  specimen 
figured  across  the  entire  valve,  but  its  termination  on  the  margin  shows  plainly 
a  protrusion  and  the  two  adjacent  depressions  or  /urrows. 

The  species  resembles  Grammysia  Elliptica,  but  the  valves  are  very  ven- 
tricose,  the  umbo  unlike  Elliptica,  and  in  other  characteristics  quite  different. 

Formation  and  Location  :    Chemung  Group,  Belvidere,  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  great  depth  and  position  of  the  rocks  in  this  group,  extend- 
ing as  they  do  over  the  southern  tier  of  counties  of  New  York, 
southward  in  Pennsylvania,  and  along  the  Appalachian  region, 
make  them  of  more  than  ordinary  interest. 

They  consist  mostly  of  shale  and  intervening  sandstone,  in 
which  the  shale  greatly  predominates. 

In  no  part  of  the  group  is  there  a  greater  abundance  of  fossils  or 
variety  of  species  to  be  found  than  between  the  Genesee  and  Alle- 
ghany rivers,  over  an  area  some  thirty  miles  in  width  from  the 
Pennsylvania  line.  The  Genesee  at  Belvidere  is  about  1,700  feet 
above  tide  water,  while  the  hills  which  lie  to  the  south  and  south- 
west reach  an  altitude  of  800  or  1,000  feet  above  the  flood  plain  of 
the  river.  The  lower  strata,  as  exposed  in  the  deep  ravines  and 
along  the  natural  water-courses  of  streams  tributaries  to  this  river, 
are  found  in  many  places  to  be  wonderfully  fossil iferous;  nor  is  it 
only  at  the  base,  but  on  the  tops  of  the  elevations,  wherever  the 
shale  or  sandstone  come  to  the  surface,  that  both  brachiopoda  and 
lamellibranchiata  occur. 

At  Belvidere,  on  Van  Campen's  creek,  is  a  layer  of  grayish  sand- 
stone, about  two  feet  thick,  in  which  the  Grammysia  Chemungensis 
was  found;  and  so  full  is  this  rock  of  shells,  that  scarcely  a  square 
iuch  of  it  can  be  exposed  without  disclosing  some  specimen. 


201 


XXII.    Contributions  to  the  Geology  and  Physical 
Geography  of  the  Lower  Amazonas 

BY   CH.   FRED.    IIARTT, 
Irof.  of  Geology  in  Cornell  University. 

[Bead  before  this  Society,  January  2,  1874.] 

THE  ERER£-M0NTE-ALEGRE   DISTRICT   AND  THE  TABLE-TOPPED 

HILLS. 


V/OODED  PLAINS 


VICINITY  OF 

^^■'^^   MONTE  ALEGRE 

_  'lAND  ERERE. 

'  WOODED  PLAINS 


■••Monte  alegre 


jU"  ALLUVIAL  PLAINS 


AsCEXDiXG  the  Amazonas  from  Para,  the  topographical  features 
observable  from  the  river  fur  the  first  300  miles,  are  very  monoto- 
nous, AVith  the  exception  of  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Para, 
Breves  and  Gurujia,  where  the  land  rises  to  a  height  of  twenty  to 
thirty  feet  above  tide-level,  the  country  is  perfectly  flat,  scarcely 
above  water  even  in  (he  drv  season,  and  of  recent  origin.     Where 


BVL.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCt. 


(26) 


.lANfARY,    18T1. 


202 

the  land  is  perennially  wet,  as  along  the  furos*  connecting  the  main 
riVer  and  the  Para  estnarj,  it  is  so  densely  forest-clothed  that,  from 
the  water,  one  sees  nothing  but  foliage,  and  the  land-effect  is  pro- 
duced not  by  terra  finna,  but  by  the  forest-wall  that  at  once  borders 
and  limits  the  channels. 

Were  the  vegetation  removed  from  the  region  just  mentioned, 
the  vision  of  the  traveler,  instead  of  being  shut  in  everywhere  by 
the  forest,  would  range  over  a  tract  as  level  as  the  sea.  Enormous 
mud  flats,  partially  covered  by  every  tide,  nowhere  more  than  a  very 
few  feet  out  of  water,  traversed  by  a  network  of  deep  channels,  and 
diversified  by  lakes,  would  be  seen  stretching  away  to  the  horizon 
on  every  side,  only  here  and  there  a  torrao,  like  that  of  Breves, 
rising  above  the  general  dead  level.  Such  would  be  the  appearance 
of  the  Breves  district  during  the  dry  season  if  deprived  of  trees; 
but,  during  the  rains,  the  Amazonas  deluges  the  whole  region  and 
pours  over  it  in  one  broad  sheet  into  the  bay  of  Marajo.  To  rightly 
appreciate  the  topography  of  the  lower  Amazonas,  we  must  eliminate 
the  efiect  produced  upon  us  by  the  vegetation.  True  it  is  that  the 
alluvial  lands,  just  described,  depend  upon  the  forest  both  for  their 
origin  and  existence,  but  one  is  apt  to  mistake  forest  topography,  if 
I  may  use  such  a  term,  for  land  topography,  and  count  for  more 
than  its  real  geographical  value,  a  district  whose  height  and  limits 
are  intensified  or  defined  by  forest.  After  having  made  six  voyages 
between  the  bay  of  Marajo  and  the  main  river,  I  am  satisfied  that, 
one  reason  why  voyagers  have  so  much  doubted  whether  the,  so 
called,  Para  river  should  be  considered  a  mouth  of  the  Amazonas,  is 
largely  due  to  the  fact,  that  the  forest  prevents  a  just  appreciation  of 
the  magnitude  of  the  united  channels  of  the  Breves  district,  while, 
at  the  same  time,  the  size  of  the  Tocantins  has  been  much  over-esti- 
mated. Above  Trocara  this  river  is,  during  the  dry  months,  only  a 
small,  narrow  stream,  while,  in  the  lower  course,  it  is  not  a  true 
river,  but  a  wide,  extremely  shallow,  tidal  estuary,  the  upper  part  of 
which  is  in  process  of  filling  up  with  sand,  brought  down  by  the 
river.  The  enormously  wide,  lower  reaches,  that  open  broadly  into 
the  bay  of  Marajo,  are  swept  by  very  strong  tides,  and  are  being 
silted  up  by  Amazonian  mud.     Travelers  who  hastily  pass  through 

*  Afuro  on  the  Amazonas  is  a  channel  that  connects  two  difTcrent  streams  and  it  difTers  from 
a  parana-merim,  which  is  a  side  channel  that  leaves  a  river  and  joins  it  again  lower  down. 


tho  Breves  district,  ami  trust  to  maps  and  the  glimpses  they  got 
of  tlie  mouth  of  the  Toeantins,  may  set  down  tlie  Para  as  simi)]y 
the  extension  of  that  river,  hut  tliey  are  not  correct.  The  Tapajos 
and  Toeantins  are  rivers  of  veiy  nearly  the  same  size,  but  the  waters 
of  the  former  river,  on  issuing  from  its  mouth,  are  crowded  by  the 
mighty  torrent  of  the  Amazonas  against  its  bank,  as  if  they  were  a 
mere  brook.  To  attribute  the  fresh  waters  of  the  Para  to  the  To- 
eantins, is  like  referring  a  giant's  work  to  a  pigmy.  The  Toeantins, 
Moju,  Acara  and  all  the  true  rivers  emptying  into  the  Para,  taken 
together,  would  not,  during  the  dry  season,  funiish  enough  water  to 
make  more  than  a  respectable  Amazonian  parana-merim,  and  they 
would  be  utterly  insignificant,  in  comparison  with  the  united  Breves 
furos.  Of  course  the  rivers  just  enumerated  must  he  enormously 
increased  in  volume  during  flood  time,  but  even  at  t])at  time 
they  cannot  compare  with  the  wide  Amazonian  flood  which  then 
pours  through  channel  and  forest  over  the  Breves  lowlands. 

It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  these  lowlands  are  bordered  on  the 
east  by  the  higher  lands  of  Marajo  and  on  the  south-west  by  those 
of  the  southern  side  of  the  Amazonian  valley,  and  the  traveler  on 
the  lower  Amazonas  should  remember  that  the  flat,  alluvial  banks, 
which  so  monotonously  accompany  the  river,  do  not  extend  very  far 
into  the  interior.  If  we  ascend  tlie  Toeantins,  we  shall  enconnter 
the  higher  grounds  at  Cameta,  and  the  toAvn  of  Gurujm  is  built 
on,  what  appears  to  be  a  low  spur  of  these  same  lands.  They  reap- 
pear again  at  the  mouth  of  the  Xingii,  to  the  westward  of  wliicli,  at 
a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  river,  they  stretch  in  a  line  of 
bluffs  to  the  Tapajos. 

Ascending  the  Amazonas  by  the  ordinary  route,  one  sees  no  high 
lands  on  the  northern  side  of  the  river,  until,  having  passed  the 
mouth  of  the  Xingu,  the  table-topped  serras  of  Paru  rise  before  one, 
stretching  along  the  river  in  patches  nearly  to  Prainha,  beyond 
which  soon  come  into  view  the  highlands  of  the  Monte-Alegre  dis- 
trict. It  is  to  the  Geology  and  Physical  Geography  of  these  north- 
ern Highlands  and  their  vicinity  that  I  now  invite  the  attention  of 
the  reader. 

The  villa  of  Monte-Alegre  is  situated  a  few  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  rio  Curupatiiba,*  one  of  the  northern  afiluents  of  the  Ama- 

*  From  the  Lingoa  geral  Kurup&,  a  port,  and  iy'ua,  a  place  of.    The  name  appears  to  have 
been  primarily  applied  to  the  village,  because  of  its  convenient  landinir  place.    Kio  Curupatuba 


204 

zonas,  and  is  distant  350-360  miles  nearly  directly  west  of  the  city 
of  Belem  or  Para. 

Oil  the  maps,  the  Curnpatiiba  is  nsnally  represented  as  a  large 
river,  taking  its  rise  in  the  higlilands  of  Guiana,  to  the  north-west- 
ward of  Monte-Alegre,  and  which,  shortly  before  entering  the  Ama- 
zonas,  receives  by  a  short  outlet  the  waters  of  a  large  lake.     Accord- 
insr  to  Sr.  Ferreira  Penna*  this  is  inexact.     The  river  that  descends 
from  the  interior  is  called  the  Maecurii  f  (or  Maycurii)  and  it  empties 
directly  into  the  lake.     This  river  has  never  been  explored  and  noth- 
ing is  known  of  its  npper  course.     The  lower  part  is  bordered  by 
rich  grazing  grounds  and  is  inhabited.     The  lake,  commonly  known 
as  the  Lago  Grande  de  Monte-Alegre  and  celebrated  for  its  fishery  of 
the  pirarucu   {Sudis  grandis)   is  situated   in  the  alluvial  Ijottom 
about   midway  between   Monte-Alegre  and   Santarem,  and   to  the 
south-west  of  the  former  villa.      Sr.  Penna  says  that  it  is  about 
twenty-five  miles  loug,  and  from  three  to  five  in  width.     It  is  most 
probably  an  old  channel  of  the  Amazonas.     The  same  author  states 
that  the  lake  empties  by  two  channels  which  soon  nnite  in  one 
called  the  Cururuluj' -X     This   presently  receives   on   the   left   the 
Igarape-apara,§  when  the  stream  takes  the  name  Curnpatiiba.     The 
course  of  the  latter  is  at  first  north  or  north-east,  but,  just  before 
reaching  the  villa  of  Monte-Alegre,  it  makes  a  bend  to  the  east,  and, 
hugging  the  higher  lands  on  the  northern  side  of  the  valley,  emp- 
ties into  the  Amazonas,  a  few  miles  east  of  Monte-Alegre,  just  below 
which  town,  it  communicates  with  the  main  river  by  a  navigable 
parand-merim.  ||     It  is  interesting  to  observe  that  the  Amazonas 
runs  obliquely  across  the  valley,  in  a  north-easterly  direction,  from 
the  highlands,  a  few  miles  east  of  Santarem,  to  those  of  Monte- 
Alegre,  leaving  a  very  broad  strip  of  alluvial  campos  on  the  north- 
ern side,  which  narrows  towards  the  east,  running  out  near  the 

then  corresponds  to  Rio  de  Monte-Alegre,  which  one  sometimes  hears  used.  On  some  maps  we 
find  the  spelling,  Gurupatiiba.  Gurupa,  the  name  of  a  little  town  a  few  hours  east  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Xingii,  is  a  corruption  of  KuTupd. 

*  A  Regiao  occidental  da  Prov.  do  Para,  p..l25. 

tFrom  the  reports  of  the  vaqueir03  and  some  fragments  of  a  flue  sharp  sandstone  I  have 
seen,  I  am  led  to  believe  that  the  geology  of  the  river  would  prove  interesting. 

X  Toad  river,  from  Kururii,  a  toad,  and  y'g,  water  or  river. 

§  Apdra  means  crooked. 

II  More  properly  a  furo  or  cross-cut. 


200 

nioutli  (if  llir  C'uriipiitubii;  those  pltiins  liaviiig  been  formed  by  the 
growth  ami  riision  of  ishinds  in  the  silting  up  of  the  valley. 

The  villa  of  Monte-Alegre*  is  divided  into  two  parts,  the  ujiperor 
principal  toAvn,  and  the  lower  town  or  port.  The  latter  is  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  while  the  upper  town,  distant  about 
a  mile  to  the  north,  and  reached  by  a  steep,  weary,  sandy  ascent,  is 
built  on  the  edge  of  a  high,  broad,  flattened  ridge  or  plateau,  extend- 
ing northward  from  the  river  to  the  serra  of  Tauajuri,  distant  some 
eighteen  miles. f 

This  ridge,  which  has  a  height  of  five  or  six  hundred  feet,  more 
or  less,  is  composed  of  horizontal  beds  of  clays  and  sands,  of  proba- 
ble Tertiary  age,  and  is,  as  I  suppose,  a  degraded  outlier  of  the  once 
extensive  formation  of  the  Serras  de  Paru.  On  top  it  is  very  flat, 
but  the  surface  is  gently  rounded,  descending  to  the  plains,  both  to 
the  east  and  west,  by  gradual  slopes,  abrupt  descents  being  infre- 
quent, except  on  the  southern  side,  which,  having  been  encroached 
upon  by  the  Amazonas,  is  steep,  sometimes  precipitous  along  the 
base,  and  gullied  by  many  ravines. 

The  upper  town  of  Monte-Alegre  is  composed  of  some  fifty,  for 
the  most  part  shabby,  tumble-down  houses  and  vendas,  together  with 
a  handsome  new  church  and  a  curious,  little,  old,  barn-like  chapel, 
surrounding  an  immense,  shadeless,  sandy,  Sahara  of  a  square.  The 
inhabitants  are  principally  of  Indian  descent,  but  among  the  white 
families  there  are  a  few  of  education  and  refinement.  The  town 
has  been  ruined  l)y  the  rubber  trade,  and  is  fast  going  to  decay. 
The  people  are  chiefly  engaged  in  grazing,  fishing  and  trade. 

From  the  villa  there  is  a  magnificent  view  over  the  Amazonian 
valley.  Below  is  the  Curupatiiba,  which  one  may  trace  far  to  the 
south-westward,  winding,  tree-fringed,  over  the  verdant,  grassy, 
alluvial  plain,  whicli,  level  as  the  sea  and  variegated  by  forest  patches 
and  mirror-like  lagoons,  stretches  southward  for  miles  to  the  turbid 
flood  of  the  mighty  river,  Avhile  away  beyond  in  the  south-west,  are 

*  Happy  mount.  The  name  sounds  strangely  to  the  ti-aveler  -nho  has  enjoyed  its  delectable 
nights,  the  cheerful  serenades  of  its  carapands  and  the  moon  worship  of  its  numerous  canine 
population  1 

+  1  regret  very  much  that  I  slwll  be  obliged  to  estimate  all  the  distances  given  in  this  paper, 
and  that  I  can  furnish  nothing  more  than  a  rough  sketch-map  of  the  district  examined.  The 
region  has  never  been  surveyed  and  mapped,  and  I  have  hence  labored  under  a  very  great  dis- 
advantage. All  my  work  on  land  was  done  on  foot,  many  days  often  being  spent  in  a  fruitless 
search  for  rock  exposures. 


206 

the  white  cliffs  of  Ciigary,  and  the  hhie,  level  highlands  of  the 
vicinity  of  Santareni.  Seen  from  Moute-Alegre,  the  Amazonas 
does  not  resemble  a  river.  It  comes  mysteriously  from  the  west, 
stretches  a  broad,  reddish  belt  across  the  landscape,  and  disappears 
in  the  east,  with  a  wide  water-horizon,  as  if,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  it 
opened  out  to  the  ocean.  When  the  annual  flood  comes,  all  the 
green  campos  and  clear-water  lakes  are  whelmed  beneath  the  turbid 
current,  and  even  from  the  heights  of  Monte- Alegre,  the  southern 
shore  is  but  dimly  discernible.  No  wonder  that  the  Indian  fisher- 
man caYis  it  par  and,  the  sea!  Looking  westward  from  the  village, 
one  sees  distinctly  the  high,  rocky,  irregularly  flat-topped  serra  of 
Paituna,  with  a  curious  mushroom-like  pillar  standing  on  its  south- 
ern extremity,  and  called  the  mao  de  piKo,  or  Itulud  mena.  A 
few  miles  to  the  north,  is  the  rugged  serra  of  Erere,  breaking  down 
precipitously  towards  the  north.  From  the  top  of  the  ridge  behind 
the  town,  the  beautiful  serra  of  Tauajure  comes  into  view,  while,  to 
the  eastward,  lie  broad  plains  and  campos,  with  the  level-topped  mass 
of  Parauaquara  lying  low  down  on  the  horizon.  After  this  recon- 
noissance  of  the  region  we  are  to  explore,  let  us  descend  to  the  lower 
town  and  go  by  water  to  Erere. 

The  descent  to  the  river  is  at  first  down  a  long,  sandy  incline, 
showing  very  few  exposures,  but  the  upper  part,  which  is  very  steep, 
appears  to  be  composed  of  reddish,  clayey  sands,  much  cut  up  by 
rain-courses,  the  clay  being  washed  out  and  carried  away,  while  the 
coarse  sand  is  left  lying  loose  on  the  surface,  supporting  a  sparse 
vegetation,  consisting  mainly  of  small  trees  and  shrubs,  with  here 
and  there  a  giant  cactus,  cajii  trees  {Anacardium  occidentale)  being 
abundant,  as  we  shall  find  them  elsewhere  on  similar  ground. 
Following  the  sandy  path,  and  directing  our  steps  to  the  ravine 
leading  to  the  lower  town,  we  presently  reacli  a  sort  of  terrace 
that  runs  out  into  a  liigh,  blufi",  projecting  point,  extending  to  the 
river  side  just  west  of  the  village.  This  point  is  formed  by  a  heavy 
bed  of  more  or  less  sandy,  and  variegated  feldspathic  clay,  which, 
tougher  than  the  overlying  beds,  has  resisted  denudation.  A  little 
stream  of  water  issuing  from  above  the  clay,  falls  into  a  ravine,  that 
extends  down  to  the  river,  and  in  a  steep  bank  by  the  side  of  the 
road  near  where  the  inhabitants  resort  foi-  water,  the  clays  are 
well  exposed.      They  vary  in   character   from   a   pure   feldspathic 


207 

tabiitinga  to  a  clayey  saml.  and  arc  usually  more  or  less  deeply 
tinted,  some  of  the  layers  being  of  a  rich,  purplish  red.  This  bed 
of  clay  appears  to  be  the  lowest  member  of  the  formation  of  the 
ridge  of  Monte- Alegre.  If  Ave  descend  the  ravine  cut  by  the  above 
stream,  we  presently  strike  a  sloping,  fan-shaped  deposit  of  loose, 
Avliite  sand  occupying  the  mouth  of  the  ravine  and  forming  a  praia 
or  beach  along  the  river.  On  this  sand,  the  loAver  town,  consisting 
of  a  few  houses  and  stores,  is  built.  It  is  not  a  flourishing  place; 
everything  speaks  of  decay,  and  but  little  business  is  done  in  it. 
I  found  the  people,  however,  very  hospitable,  and  Senlior  Onetti  and 
his  partner  did  everything  in  their  power  to  aid  me.  In  Mr.  Eath- 
bun's  paper,  annexed,  I  shall  have  an  opportunity  of  recognizing 
the  kindness  of  Sr.  Valente,  of  the  upper  town. 

Ascending  the  Curupatiiba  in  a  montaria,  we  find  the  stream  to 
have  a  width  of  400-500  feet,*  and  a  depth  during  the  dry  season 
of  7-8  fathoms,  the  current  of  course  varying  with  the  season. 

The  bluffs,  60-100  feet  in  height,  and  covered  Avith  Avoods  under- 
grown  with  curua  palms,  continue  for  a  short  distance  above  the 
toAvn,  Avliere  they  cease,  and  the  highlands  trend  aAvay  from  the 
river.  The  southern  side  of  the  ridge  is  high,  abrupt,  and  with  a 
steep  slope.  In  the  valley  of  Surubiju,f  just  Avest  of  the  town,  are 
swampy  grounds,  supporting  a  luxuriant  forest  Avith  miriti  I  {Mau- 
ritia  fiextiosd)  and  assai§  palms  {Euterpe  oleracea),  but  the  vegeta- 
tion of  the  sandy  slope  is  A'ery  meagre.  In  the  valley  is  an  isolated 
hill,  on  w^hich  beds  of  a  white,  sandy  tabatinga  are  exposed,  and  near 
by,  Avere  obtained  the  irregular,  concretionary  masses  of  iron-stone, 
used  in  building  the  new  church  in  the  upper  village. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  Curupatiiba  are  the  alluvial  campos  of 
the  river-bottom,  covered  Avith  coarse  grasses  and  bordered  along 
the  Avater's  edge  by  a  thin  line  of  trees.  We  soon  leaA^e  the  Curu- 
patiiba, which  bends  round  to  the  south-AvestAvard,  and  enter  the 
igarape   de   Paitiina,  a   little   riA'er,  that  floAvs   eastward   past   the 


*  260  metres,  Penna. 

t  A'on  Martins  derives  this  name  from  Sorubim  {Platystoma,  a  genus  of  fishes)  and  y'g,  water, 
or  river.    Glossaries,  p.  475. 

A         A  A         A  A  A 

X  Ymyrd.  tree,  eti,  true.    Ymyrd  was  originally  ymbyrA,  whence  the  form  burit't  (Port)  used  in 
Eastern  Brazil. 

A 

§  Uasai,  lingoa  geral,  very  likely  from  yi/d,  fruit,  and  ,ie  or  sei',  sweet. 


208 

serra  of  the  same  name,  and  which,  like  all  the  streams  of  the  allu- 
vial bottom  of  the  Amazonas,  has  a  deep,  narrow  channel,  with 
very  steep,  muddy  banks.  In  the  dry  season,  the  water  of  the  igar- 
ape  is  almost  stagnant,  simply  rising  and  falling  with  the  tide,  and 
the  stream  literally  swarms  with  alligators  of  large  size.  Porpoises 
gambol  in  its  waters,  and  its  banks  abound  i]i  game,  uacara  and 
mauari  cranes,  piasocas,  corta-agoas,  alencornos  and  other  birds 
being  exceedingly  common.  Capibaras  are  also  very  abundant  in 
the  vicinity. 

After  following  the  Paitiina  for  some  distance,  we  turn  off  nortli- 
Avard  into  a  still  smaller  stream,  called  the  igarape  de  Erere,  and 
now  enter  a  sort  of  alluvial  bay,  bounded  by  the  Monte-Alegre 
plateau  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other  by  the  serra  of  Paitiina  and 
the  swelling  sandy  highlands  stretching  thence  to,  and  east  of,  the 
serra  of  Erere. 

The  little  igarape  is  exceedingly  tortuous,  bending  hither  and 
thither  in  a  manner  most  bewildering  to  the  voyager.     Its  banks 
are  in  part  open  river  bottom,  in  part  margined  by  a  thin  line  of 
small  trees,  palms,  as  Prof.  Agassiz  has  already  remarked,  being  rare. 
The  water  of  the  stream  is  very  turbid  during  the  dry  season,  and 
the  narrow  channel  is  often  interrupted  by  floating  balsas  of  canna- 
rdna.     As  one  ascends  the  igarape  the  valley  grows  narrower,  and 
at  the  cattle-fazenda  of  Sta.  Maria,  the  higher  lands  of  this  Erere 
plateau  come  down  to  the  stream,  and,  in  a  bluff,  obliquely  lamina- 
ted beds  of  tinted  sands  and  clays  are  exposed,     The  alluvial  cam- 
pos  of  the  lower  course  of  the  igarape  de  Erere  and  of  the  vicinity 
of  Monte-Alegre,  are  used  during  the  dry  season  as  a  pasturage  for 
cattle,  and  there  are  several  curraes  along  the  route  we  have  just 
followed.     Cattle  raising  is  indeed  the  chief  branch  of  industry 
followed  in  this  part  of  the  Amazonas.     The  lands  in  the  Erere — 
Monte-Alegre  district — are  for  the  most  part  unfit  for  cultivation, 
and  agriculture  is  practiced  on  a  very  small  scale.     The  proprietor 
of  the  fazenda  of   Sta.  Maria  informed  me   that   the   saiiba  ant 
{Oecodoma)  was  so  very  abundant  on  his  farm  that  it  was  next  to 
impossible  to  raise  a  crop.     It  was  even  necessary  to  place  the  house 
plants  upon  a  staging  erected  over  the  igarape  to  protect  them,  and 
there  they  were  not  always  safe. 


209 

On  tlie  left  bank  of  the  stream,  above  the  fazenda,  begins  a  very 
extensive  and  beautiful  grove  of  miriti  palms,  which  occupies  a 
marshy  tract,  that  seems  to  be  quite  dry  during  several  mouths  of 
the  year.  A  little  farther  on  we  meet  with  higher  lands  on  the  left 
bank,  and  on  the  same  side,  between  the  upper  and  lower  ports  of 
the  village  of  Erere,  there  is  a  narrow  ridge  of  sandstone,  rising 
about  twenty  feet  above  the  general  level  of  the  campos,  and  which 
runs  off  eastward,  perpendicular  to  the  river.  This  ridge  is  very 
much  broken,  the  sandstone  lying  in  huge  masses,  overgrown  with 
trees  and  spiny  shrubbery,  so  that  I  found  it  very  difficult  to  exam- 
ine it,  and  I  could  not  satisfiictorily  determine  the  direction  of  the 
strata.  The  rock  is,  for  the  most  part,  a  very  hard  sandstone  with 
a  clayey  cement,  but  some  of  the  beds  are  very  argillaceous  and 
beautifully  striped  with  brilliant  colors. 

"We  have  now  emerged  from  a  sort  of  pass  between  the  Erere  and 
Monte-Alegre  highlands,  and  have  entered  a  vast,  low  plain,  sur- 
rounded by  hills  and  high  ground  on  all  sides.  From  north  to 
south  this  plain  probably  measures  not  less  than  fifteen  miles,  while 
its  width  from  east  to  west  must  be  over  ten  miles.  It  lies  a  little 
higher  than  the  alluvial  plains  of  the  Amazonas,  and  is  drained  by 
the  igarape  by  which  we  have  just  ascended.  It  is  composed  of 
nearly  horizontal  strata  of  Devonian  age,  through  which  the 
igarape  has  cut  a  little  valley,  now  partially  filled  in  with  alluvial 
deposits,  lying  at  a  lower  level  than  the  plain,  the  Devonian  strata 
forming  low  bluffs  bordering  them.  The  valley  narrows  to  the 
northward,  and,  in  the  upper  part,  the  igarape  flows  directly 
through,  and  over  the  Devonian  rocks,  a  clear  water  stream. 

In  a  little  bluflf  by  the  side  of  the  road  leading  from  the  igarape 
to  Erere,  and  just  as  one  ascends  from  the  alluvial  flat,  there  is  an 
exposure  of  about  fifteen  feet  in  thickness  of  the  Devonian  beds. 
The  lower  part  of  the  bluff  is  composed  of  soft,  well-laminated,  fine- 
grained shale,  dark  gray  in  color,  alternating  with  white  or  red 
layers,  and  consisting  of  a  fine,  more  or  less  sandy  silt,  with  an 
abundance  of  little  flakes  of  mica.  This  locality  was  discovered  in 
1870  by  my  assistants,  Messrs.  T.  B.  Comstock,  Herbert  Smith,  and 
Phineas  Staunton,  who  collected  from  the  variegated  shales  a  pretty 
little  Discina,  with  which  are  associated  two  species  of  Lingula. 

BUL.   nUF.    SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (27)  JAXCARY.    1874. 


210 

The  only  otlier  fossils  yet  found  in  the  shales  consist  of  obscure, 
flattened  casts,  probably  of  some  marine  plant,  together  with  a 
number  of  minute,  discoid  bodies,  sometimes  arranged  in  little 
chains,  but  of  which  I  can  make  nothing. 

Above  the  shales,  just  descril)ed,  is  a  heavy  bed  of  a  not  Avell  lami- 
nated clay-rock,  white,  mottled  with  red,  in  which  I  have  found 
nothing  except  some  very  obscure  fucoid-like  markings.  All  these 
beds  have  a  very  slight  inclination  to  the  south-eastward.  Going 
northward,  the  bluffs  gradually  increase  in  elevation,  but  are  proba- 
bly nowhere  more  than  fifty  feet  in  height.  The  inclination  of  the 
beds  of  the  Erere  plain  is  quite  variable,  and,  over  large  areas  on 
both  sides  of  the  igarape,  they  are  almost  perfectly  horizontal,  often 
forming  open  campos  of  large  extent,  which  are  sometimes  so  ex- 
ceedingly stony  as  to  appear  as  if  macadamized,  the  soil  not  being 
sufficient  to  support  even  a  growth  of  grass. 

The  lowest  beds  of  the  series,  that  I  have  examined,  are  exposed 
in  the  north-western  part  of  the  campo  at  the  cachoeirinhas  of 
Paric4*  and  Cumamirif  situated  on  branches  of  the  igarape  de 
Erere.  At  the  former  locality  the  rock  varies  from  a  very  hard, 
dark-colored,  silicious  shale,  to  a  well  bedded,  dark  gray,  compact, 
clierty  rock,  breaking  with  a  conchoidal  fracture.  The  strike  of 
these  beds,  taken  along  a  water-line,  is  N.  10-15°  W.,  the  dip  being 
westward  aud  exceedingly  slight.  Leaving  this  locality  and  going 
eastwai'd,  the  surface  of  the  plain  rises  noticeably  for  about  a  mile, 
the  dip  being  towards  the  west,  continuing  with  but  few  elevations 
to  the  cachoeirinha  do  Igarape  do  Cumamiri,  where  similar  cherty 
rocks,  with  the  same  very  slight  westward  dip,  are  seen  in  the  bed  of 
the  stream,  forming,  during  the  dry  season,  a  little  cascade,  which  at 
the  time  of  my  visit  was  not  more  than  two  feet  in  height.  The 
cherty  beds  have  afforded  no  fossils,  exeejat  a  few  fragments  found 
in  the  more  slialy  portions. 

Between  the  cachoeirinhas,  above  named,  the  beds  are  traversed  by 
two  dykes,  which  crop  out,  much  decomposed  on  the  surface ;  one 
forming  a  low  ridge  running  nearly  nortli-south,  while  the  direc- 
tion of  the  other  is  nearly  east-west.  On  the  right  bank  of  the 
igarape  de  Erere,   and  some  distance  above  the  trail   to   Monte- 

♦  A  tree,  furnishing  a  seed  out  of  which  the  Indians  make  snuff. 
+  This  appears  to  mean  Little  Milk. 


211 

Alegre,  a  sulphur-spring  bubbles  up  through  the  Devonian  shales. 
The  water  is  limpid,  of  a  greenish  tinge,  and  with  a  strong  sulphu- 
reous odor  and  taste ;  notwithstanding  which,  the  basin  in  which  the 
water  collects  is  inhabited  by  little  fishes  and  a  species  of  Amioulla- 
ria.  I  regret  that  I  failed  in  an  attempt  to  bring  away  some  of  the 
Avater  for  analysis,  especially  since  at  Monte-Alegre  it  has  consider- 
able rej^ute  for  its  medicinal  qualities. 

Going  eastward  from  the  igarape  along  the  Monte-Alegre  trail, 
one  rises  by  an  ascent  of  a  few  feet  from  the  alluvial  flat  to  the  De- 
vonian plain,  that,  almost  as  level  as  a  floor,  stretches  to  the  foot  of 
the  Monte-Alegre  highlands,  beneath  which  the  Palaeozoic  beds  dis- 
appear. The  surface  is  quite  destitute  of  soil  and  is  strewn  with 
little  nodules  of  iron-stone,  so  that  large  areas  are  quite  barren  both 
of  wood  and  herbage. 

Just  before  reaching  the  Monte-Alegre  highlands,  several  slight 
elevations,  only  a  few  feet  high,  are  met  with,  that  show,  in  place, 
light-colored  shales,  with  thin  bands  of  a  reddish  sandstone,  some 
of  which  are  full  of  fossils,  Streptorlnjnclms  Agassizii,  7ioh.,  being 
especially  abundant.  At  this  locality  I  obtained  a  single  glabella 
of  what  appears  to  be  a  new  species  of  Homalonohis. 

If  we  now  retrace  our  steps  to  the  igarape,  and  follow  the  path  to 
the  village  of  Erere,  we  shall  find  the  Devonian  beds  forming  a 
flat  or  rolling,  open  campo,  with  long,  gentle  ascents  and  descents, 
in  the  rain-courses  of  which  are  indifferent  exposures  of  whitish 
shales,  apparently  nonfossiliferous.  On  this  campos-land  there  is 
very  little  soil,  what  there  is  being  baked  hard  and  strewn  with 
small,  angular  fragments  of  red  sandstone,  that  occasionally  fur- 
nish fossils.  The  surface  is  often  covered  with  little,  rounded  iron- 
stone nodules,  scarcely  larger  than  beans,  sometimes  forming  a 
continuous  layer.  The  campo  is  sparingly  clothed  with  coarse 
grass,  trees  being  few,  scattered,  stunted  and  disfigured  by  campos 
fires.  Occasional  large,  arborescent  cactuses  heighten  the  dry,  bar- 
ren appearance  of  the  landscape.  The  low  places  are  covered  with 
woods  densely  filled  in,  on  the  drier  grounds,  with  Cunid  palms. 

Between  the  igarape  and  the  village  of  Erere  are  several  large 
dykes  that  project  above  the  surface  like  ruined  walls,  but  the  vein- 
rock  is  always  badly  decomposed,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  say  what 
it  originally  was.     Similar  d3-kes  occur  in  all  parts  of  the  plain. 


212 

The  strata,  for  a  few  feet  ou  each  side  of  a  dyke,  are  usually  consid- 
erably altered,  being  hard  and  flinty,  while  at  the  same  time  they 
are  tilted  upward  at  a  more  or  less  strong  angle,  as  if  the  rent  had 
been  widened,  not  by  a  horizontal  movement  of  the  beds,  but  by 
the  bending  upwards  of  the  strata  on  both  sides  of  the  fissure, 
through  the  force  of  the  extruding  matter.  Sometimes  in  the  denu- 
dation of  the  surface,  these  dykes,  as  just  remarked,  project  like 
ruined  walls,  while  at  others,  with  the  hardened  strata  on  each  side, 
they  form  low  ridges,  that  run,  sometimes  for  long  distances,  on  the 
surface  of  the  campo. 

In  the  village  and  immediate  vicinity,  there  are  no  good  rock 
exposures.  The  most  interesting  locality,  and  by  far  the  best  col- 
lecting ground  for  fossils,  lies  at  a  distance  of  about  two  miles 
to  the  northward,  in  a  large,  open,  treeless,  grassy  campo.  The 
surface  here  is  quite  undulating,  and  strewn  with  angular  frag- 
ments of  a  red  or  whitish  sandstone,  rarely  ever  seen  in  place. 
In  the  rain-courses  the  rock  exposed  is  usually  a  fine,  soft,  well 
laminated,  whitish  or  yellowish  shale,  usually  quite  unproductive 
in  fossils.  From  the  yellow  shale  I  have  obtained  only  a  large 
Lingula,  fragments  of  Vitulina  ^^ustulosa  Hall,  noh.,  showing  the 
imprints  of  the  little  spines  and  a  single  ventral  valve  of  a  Spi7'- 
ifer.  This  shale,  which  I  know  only  in  a  somewhat  decomposed 
state,  is  largely  made  up  of  minute  silicious  particles  and  little 
mica  flakes.  It  takes  excellent  casts  of  fossils,  and  would  proba- 
bly repay  more  careful  examination,  but  I  was  unsuccessful  in  my 
search  for  a  good  exposure. 

The  great  repository  of  fossils  is  the  sandstone,  which,  as  on  the 
eastern  side  of  the  igarape  de  Erere,  appears  to  form  bands,  a  few 
inches  in  thickness,  interstratified  with  the  shales  in  their  upper 
part.  On  the  washing  out  of  the  shales  by  water  the  sandstone  has 
cracked  up  and  been  left  lying  in  fragments  on  the  surface.  Fossils 
were  collected  from  the  loose  fragments,  but,  on  the  summit  of  a 
low  ridge,  to  the  north  of  a  deserted  house,  I  discovered  on  my  last 
visit  a  layer  of  the  sandstone,  which,  with  great  labor,  Mr.  Derby  and 
I  succeeded  in  uncovering ;  and  this  yielded  us  a  magnificent  lot  of 
fossils.  The  layer  is  only  about  four  inches  in  thickness,  but  it  is 
completely  filled  with  fossils  which  are  usually  in  the  shape  of  moulds, 
the  organic  matter  having  been  entirely  removed.     The  rock  is  com- 


2ia 

posed  of  fine,  sliarp,  quartz-sand,  with  a  sliglit  admixture  of  clay, 
and  occasionally  a  tiny,  silvery  flake  of  mica.  The  fragments  of 
sandstone  lying  on  the  surface  are  usually  more  or  less  decomposed, 
and  are  apt  to  be  stained  with  iron  oxide,  which  makes  them  very 
hard  on  the  outside,  while  sometimes  the  surface  is  covered  with  a 
thin  layer  of  the  same  material.  When  unaltered  the  rock  appears 
to  be  white,  or  slightly  reddish  in  color. 

The  fossils  most  abundant  in  the  sandstone  are  the  Brachiopoda, 
which  are  represented  by  twenty  species  belonging  to  the  following- 
genera:  Terehratula,Vitulina,  Troindoleptus,  Spirifera,  Crijtina{?) 
Retzia,  8lreptorhynchus,  Chonetes,  Ortliis,  RhyncJionella,  and  Lin- 
gula,  all  of  which  are  described  in  the  paper  of  Mr.  Eathbun, 
annexed.  The  only  other  Articulates  are  the  trilobites  which  are 
represented  by  a  beautiful  Dalmania  that  occurs  in  abundance, 
and  a  species  of  Homalonotiis,  of  which  last  only  a  fragment  is 
known. 

Several  species  of  Lamellibranchs  occur  in  the  sandstone,  belong- 
ing to  Nuctdites,  Palaeoneilo,  Grammysia  (?),  Edmondia,  and  one  or 
two  other  genera.  The  Gasteropods  number  about  eight  species, 
representing  the  genera  Bcllerojjhon,  Platyceras,  Holopea,  Pleuroto- 
maria  and  Tentaculites.  A  few  fragments  of  crinoid  stems  have 
been  found,  together  with  a  number  of  obscure  markings  which 
may  be  of  plants.  ' 


'^ 


fi^. 


Serra  of  Erer6  from  the  North. 

This  fauna  has  an  unmistakable  Devonian  facies,  but  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  determine  its  exact  equivalency.  In  some  features,  as  for 
instance  in  Spin'fe?'  Pedroana,  which  closely  resembles  *S'.  varicosa, 
the  fauna  recalls  that  of  the  Corniferous,  while  in  the  occurrence 
of  Tropidolepitus  and  VituUna  it  approaches  the  Hamilton.* 


See  concliuliiig  remarks  to  Mr.  KiUhbiin's  p;>pcr. 


214 

The  serra  of  Erere  is  a  high,  narrow,  rugged,  irregular  ridge,  four 
or  five  miles  long,  trending  about  east-north-east  and  west-south- 
west, and  with  abrupt  and  often  precipitous  sides.  The  upper  part 
of  the  serra  is  formed  of  very  heavy  beds  of  sandstone,  that  dip 
to  the  south-south-east  at  an  angle  varying  from  5°-20°.  The  top 
of  the  ridge  is  very  irregular,  ragged  and  picturesque,  the  sandstone 
being  often  exposed,  in  situ,  in  bare  ledges  or  ridges,  or  lying  strewn 
about  in  enormous  blocks  over  the  surface,  which  is  so  rough  that 
it  is  no  easy  task  to  traverse  the  mountain  from  one  end  to  the  other. 
Along  the  northern  side  of  the  serra  the  sandstone  forms  a  broken 
line  of  bluflFs,  varying  in  height  from  a  few  feet  to  several  hundred; 
and  just  opposite  the  little  village,  and  shown  in  the  cut,  there  is  a 
splendid  precipice,  remarkable  for  being  rent  by  fissures  from  top  to 
bottom.  Below  these  bluffs  the  side  of  the  serra  slopes  very  steeply, 
presenting  the  appearance  of  a  talus,  the  surfoce  being  covered  with 
loose  fragments  of  sandstone. 

At  both  ends  the  serra  is  cut  squarely  off",  but  on  the  east  the 
sandstone  extends  downwards,  with  a  strong  dip,  disappearing  under 
the  more  modern  clays  and  sands  of  a  swelling  ridge  like  that  of 
Monte-Alegre,  that  stretches  eastward  to  the  igarape,  covered  with 
the  characteristic  vegetation  of  the  high,  sandy  campos. 


Serra  of  Erer6  from  the  East. 

On  the  southern  side  of  the  serra,  and  near  the  eastern  end,  these 
sandy  campos  rise  by  a  gentle  incline  nearly  to  the  summit,  so  that 


215 

one  may  iiscciid  I  he  serni  on  liorsobtick.  To  the  westward  of  this 
incline,  the  sides  of  the  serra  are  exceedingly  rongh  and  picturesque. 
On  this  side  there  is  hollowed  out  of  tlie  sandstone  a  large  and  curi- 
ous grotto,  called  Ita-tupa-6ka.*  This  is  situated  at  some  little 
height  above  the  base  of  the  mountain,  and  is  reached  by  a  steep 
ascent,  encumbered  by  blocks  of  sandstone,  and  overgrown  with 
cacti  and  stiff  bushes.  The  cavern  forms  a  large,  irregular,  bat- 
inhabited  chaml)er  50-60  feet  long,  and  with  a  sandy  floor.  Wallace 
had  already  described  the  entrance,  which  is  10-15  feet  high,  and 
divided  into  two  parts  by  a  layer  of  sandstone  that  runs  horizon- 
tally across  the  opening  about  five  feet  from  the  floor.  This  layer 
is  harder  than  the  rock  above  or  below,  much  of  which  is  very 
friable. 

Immediately  west  of  the  serra  of  Ercre,  and  separated  from  it  by 
a  deep  notch,  is  a  short,  angular  ridge,  with  the  same  trend  and 
geological  structure,  called  Aroxi.  In  this  mountain,  which  is  a 
little  lower  than  Erere,  the  inclination  of  the  sandstone  is  very 
marked.  On  the  southern  side  a  broad  belt  of  large  cactuses  ex- 
tends from  top  to  bottom. 


Serras  of  Erer6  and  Aroxi  from  the  South-west. 

To  the  westward  of  Aroxi,  at  a  little  distance,  is  another  short, 
high,  conical  ridge,  called  Aracuri,  while  beyond  appear  to  be  sev- 
eral other  hills,  in  a  line  with  those  just  enumerated,  and  apparently 
part  of  the  same  outcrop. 

The  sandy  campos  decline  towards  the  southward  from  the  serra 
for  several  miles,  when  they  rise  gradually  to  the  rocky  plateau  of 
the  serra  of  Paitiina.  This  serra  I  did  not  visit,  but  in  1870,  Mr. 
Phineas  Staunton  examined  it  for  me,  reporting  it  to  be  composed 
of  horizontal  beds  of  the  same  kind  of  sandstone  as  that  of  the 
serra  of  Erere,  so  that  the  two  serras  probably  form  part  of  a  syn- 
clinal fold.  Paitiina  is  flattened  on  top,  and  very  broken  and  pre- 
cipitous on  all  sides.  "Wallace,  who  visited  it,  says  that  the  curious, 
mushroom-like  pillar  on  the  southern  end  is  composed  "  of  friable 

*  Literally,  God's  stone  house.    Jld,  stone ;  Tupa,  or  Tupana.  God  ;  and  oka.  house. 


21(5 

stone  ill  horizontal  layers  and  is  constantly  decaying  away  by  the 
action  of  the  weather.  The  top  is  formed  by  a  stratum  of  hard, 
crystalline  rock,  which  resists  the  rain  and  sun,"  etc.  This  upper 
crystalline  rock  is  probably  like  the  excessively  hard  sand-stone 
of  the  serra  of  Erere.  The  pillar  bears-  the  name  Indud  mena^ 
in  Lingoa  Geral,  or  Mao  de  pilao  in  Portuguese,  and,  together  with 
another  similar  column  in  tlie  vicinity,  figures  in  the  legend  of  the 
Paitiina,  a  mythological  personage  from  whom  the  Indians  say  that 
the  serra  has  derived  its  name. 

The  sandstone  of  Erere  is,  for  the  most  part,  composed  of  fine, 
rounded  grains  of  clear  quartz,  with  a  silicious  cement,  the  rock 
being  so  excessively  hard  that  a  fracture  passes  directly  through  the 
sand  grains.  The  rock  has  a  slight  brownish  tint,  and  a  saccharine 
look,  sometimes  being  almost  translucent  in  thin  flakes.  On  the 
surface  the  cement  decomposes,  becoming  milk  white,  and  the  hard 
beds  scale  away  in  concentric  coats,  giving  rise  to  rounded  surfaces. 
This  is  the  general  character  of  the  Erere  sandstone,  but  there  are 
some  very  fine-grained  layers  like  quartzite,  while  others  are  soft 
and  friable.  The  rock  is  never  very  coarse,  and  pebbles  are  rare. 
The  bedding  is  massive,  and  oblique  lamination  is  everywhere 
observable. 

Underneath  the  sandstone  at  the  notch  of  Aroxi  there  is  a  thick 
band  of  hardened,  variegated  clay.  Being  well  jointed  and  of  une- 
qual hardness,  the  Erere  sandstones,  have,  under  denudation,  given 
rise  to  a  multitude  of  curious  pillars  and  imitative  forms.  To  the 
latter  class  belongs  a  large  rock  on  the  east  extremity  of  the  serra, 
called  Pirayaudra  f  or  porpoise,  because  of  its  resemblance  to  that 
animal,  while  near  by,  on  the  brink  of  a  precipice,  is  a  projecting,  bird- 
like rock,  called  yurutaui.  On  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  and 
overlooking  the  lofty  precipice  facing  the  village,  is  an  immense,  iso- 
lated rock,  about  fifty  feet  high,  which,  from  afar,  looks  like  a  huge 
boulder  perched  upon  the  top  of  the  serra.  This  mass,  which  is  rep- 
resented in  the  cut  on  page  213,  is  composed  of  a  very  hard,  white 
sandstone,  obliquely  laminated  and  rounded  by  decomposition.  Its 
western  side  is  covered  with  rude  Indian  drawings  in  red  paint. 

*  Pestle.  Sometimes  it  is  called  laduA,  the  mortar.  Mena  means  husband.  By  some  the 
pillar  is  called  yapona,  the  oveu. 

i  PirA,  fish,  and  ynuAra^  dog. 


217 

Standing  just  in  front  of  the  cliff  at  tlie  upper  part  of  the  serra,  on 
the  northern  side  near  the  Aroxi  notch,  is  a  hirge,  higli  pillar,  cov- 
ered with  similar  rude  paintings,  and  apparently  at  one  time  an 
object  of  suiierstitious  regard.  Similar  figures  are  drawn  on  the 
cliffs  near  by  and  in  ihc  notch.  These  so-called  hieroglyphics  of 
Erere  were  examined  and  copied  by  Wallace,  but  the  sketches  were 
unfortunately  lost.  I  have  reproduced  some  of  the  more  important 
forms  in  the  American  Naturalist.*-  Mr.  J.  B.  Steere,  on  a  visit 
with  me  to  the  mountain,  had  the  good  fortune  to  find  a  large 
fragment  of  silicified  wood,  imbedded  in  the  sandstone,  near  the 
great  painted  rock  on  top  of  the  serra.  This  is  clearly  coniferous  in 
structure,  but  Dr.  Dawson,  to  whom  it  has  been  referred,  has  not 
been  able  to  determine  it.  Mr.  Steere  also  found  what  appears  to 
be  the  impression  of  the  trunk  of  a  large  tree  on  the  surface  of  a 
bed  of  sandstone,  on  a  ridge  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  south- 
westward  of  the  painted  rock. 

One  point  in  tlic  geology  of  the  Erere  District  is  settled  upon  the 
best  of  palaeontological  evidence,  and  that  is,  the  age  of  the  beds 
forming  the  great  plain  to  the  north  of  the  serra.  These  are  cer- 
tainly Devonian.  But  what  is  the  age  of  the  rocks  forming  the 
serra  itself?  I  have  already  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  strata 
of  the  serra  were  disturbed  before  the  beds  forming  the  plains 
were  laid  down,  since  these  strata  are  highly  inclined,  while  the 
Devonian  rocks  bordering  the  base  are  quite  horizontal,  presenting 
nowhere  more  than  an  exceedingly  slight  inclination.  There  is  no 
reason  why  coniferous  wood  should  not  occur  in  strata  of  Devonian, 
or  even  Upper  Silurian  age  under  the  Equator;  but  I  must  freely 
confess,  that,  after  carefully  considering  the  whole  subject,  it  seems 
to  me  quite  probable  that  the  Erere  sandstones  ai'e  really  newer  than 
the  fossiliferous  beds  of  the  plains,  and  that  these  last  may  dip 
under  the  serra ;  but,  if  this  is  the  case,  it  is  extraordinary  that  the 
sandstones,  if  once  continuous  over  the  plains,  should  have  been  so 
completely  worn  away  and  that  the  plains  should  have  been  so  very 
evenly  denuded.  It  is  also  somewhat  strange  that  the  structure  of 
the  serra  of  Tajuri  should  differ  so  markedly  from  that  of  Erer6. 
I  have  made  a  long  and  careful  search  for  exposures  along  the  base 

*  Brazilian  Rock  Inscriptions,  Amer.  Nat.,  May,  1871. 

Bl'L.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (28)  JANUARY,    1874. 


218 

of  the  serra  of  Erere,  but  I  have  been  unable  to  determine  from 
stratigraphical  evidence  the  relative  age  of  the  beds  of  the  moun- 
tains and  plains.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  serra  of  Erere  is 
older  than  the  true  table-topped  hills,  and  the  question  of  its  glacial 
orisrin  needs  no  further  discussion. 

a 

In  the  sandstone  of  the  serra  are  occasional  veins,  partly  com- 
posed of  iron  oxide.  The  original  vein-rock  appears  to  have  been 
traversed  by  a  perfect  network  of  delicate  veinlets  of  hematite, 
forming  interlacing  laminae  often  not  more  than  one  or  two  mil- 
limetres in  thickness,  which,  on  the  decomposition  and  removal  of 
the  vein-rock,  form  masses  presenting  the  appearance  of  honey- 
combed wood.  In  1870,  I  made  barometrical  measurements  on  the 
summit  of  Erere,  which  gave  me  the  height  as  970  feet.  Since 
the  observations  were  taken,  I  have  noticed  that  a  point  to  the  west- 
ward of  those  I  had  chosen  appears  considerably  higher,  so  that 
the  serra  is  not  far  from  1,000  feet  in  height. 

The  vegetation  of  the  serra  resembles  that  of  the  high,  sandy 
campos  of  the  vicinity,  and  is  very  scanty.  The  sandy  tracts  are 
sparsely  sown  with  tufts  of  long,  coarse  grass.  Trees  are  as  usual 
very  small,  rough-barked,  gnarly-branched,  stunted  and  scorched  by 
campos  fires.  Cajii  trees  grow  all  over  the  serra,  and  the  visitor  will 
always  gratefully  remember  their  thirst-assuaging,  acid  fruit.  The 
cajueiros  of  the  serra  are  all  very  small,  and  the  fruit  is  dwarfed 
and  rather  sour.  On  the  sandy  campos  the  tree  is  everywhere  met 
with,  and  the  fruit  is  sometimes  very  large  and  delicious.  I  have 
never  seen  a  cajii  tree  on  the  Devonian  plain.  It  is  a  true  campos 
species,  and,  as  elsewhere  in  Brazil,  it  appears  to  be  confined  to  dry, 
sandy  soils.  It  flourishes  also  on  the  campos  in  the  vicinity  of 
Santarem,  where,  as  well  as  at  Monte-Alegre,  a  very  delicious  wine 
is  made  from  its  juice,  some  of  the  brands  being  not  inferior  to 
good  grape  wine.  The  manufacture  of  this  beverage  was  known  to 
the  old  Tupis,  wdio  called  the  liquor  ahayu  hauim.  The  fruit  has 
an  extended  reputation  in  Brazil  for  its  anti-syphilitic  properties, 
and  it  is  supposed  that  the  wdne  also  possesses  medicinal  virtues. 
Two  palms  are  common  on  the  serra,  the  Saciiri  and  Jatd.  The 
former  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  Curua,  but  the  leaves  are  much 
more  stiff  and  erect.  It  is  rarely  seen  elsewhere  in  tlie  vicinity. 
The  Jata  grows  to  a  height  of  about  fifteen  feet,  and  is  a  very  con- 


219 

spicuons  element  in  the  vegetal  inn  of  ihe  serra.  It  also  occurs  on 
the  campos.  Armadillos  and  jabnti-tortoises  abound  in  the  serra, 
and  a  pretty  little  species  of  deer  occurs,  but  I  could  never  succeed 
in  getting  a  shot  at  one. 

Before  we  leave  the  serra  let  us  take  a  survey  of  the  landscape. 
The  eye  folloAvs  the  sandy  campo,  with  its  scattered  trees  and  patches 
of  bare  sand,  southward  to  the  flat,  insignificant-looking,  rocky 
serra  of  Paitiina,  which,  tied  by  the  high  canipos  to  the  serra  of 
Erere,  forms  a  point  projecting  southward  into  the  alluvial  bottom 
of  the  Amazonas.  On  the  right,  or  west  of  Paitiina,  the  alluvial 
lands  form  a  sort  of  bay,  bordered  by  sandy  campos-land.  Into  this 
region  I  made  an  excursion  in  1870.  From  the  Aroxi  notch  the 
sandy  and  sparsely-wooded  plain  slopes  gradually  from  the  moun- 
tains to  the  southward,  for  a  few  miles,  to  a  little  igarape,  called, 
I  believe,  Maxira;  but  this  name  I  have  also  heard  applied  to 
the  serra  of  Aroxi.  Crossing  the  stream,  one  finds  on  the  opposite 
side  a  line  of  terraces  rising  about  10-15  feet,  if  I  rightly  remem- 
ber, above  the  general  level,  but  considerably  more  above  the  Ama- 
zonas. These  terraces  are  composed  of  beds  of  variegated  sands 
and  clays,  in  which  I  made  an  unsuccessful  search  for  fossils.  This 
formation  appears  to  occupy  a  large  area  to  the  westward,  and  the 
terraces  mark  an  old  shore-line  when  the  land  stood  at  a  somewhat 
lower  level  than  at  present,  and  the  Amazonas,  still  a  broad  arm  of 
the  sea,  had  not  yet  passed  into  the  riverine  condition.  Between 
the  terraces  and  Paitiina  is  the  alluvial  bay  just  alluded  to,  in  Avhich 
is  a  small  lake  and  a  magnificent  grove  of  miritis.  The  lake,  I 
suspect,  disappears  during  the  dry  months,  as  I  do  not  find  it  repre- 
sented on  one  of  my  sketches. 

Eastward  of  the  serra  of  Erere,  a  high,  rounded,  sandy  plateau 
stretches  off"  to  the  igarape,  on  the  opposite  side  of  which  the 
Monte-Alegre  highlands  run  off"  obliquely  to  the  villa,  in  a  line  of 
steep  slopes.  BetAveen  these  highlands  and  Paitiina  is  the  alluvial 
bay  traversed  by  the  igarape  of  Erere.  Across  its  mouth  stretches 
the  Curupatiiba,  and  southward  lie  the  beautiful,  smiling  plains, 
beyond  which  is  the  Amazonas,  with  the  long,  level  line  of  smoke 
of  a  descending  steamer.  We  trace  to  the  northward  the  ridge  of 
Monte-Alegre,  at  first  level-topped,  then  more  and  more  irregular, 
to  the  splendid,  blue,  mountain  mass  of  Tauajuri,  which,  with  pre- 


220 

cipitous  front,  heaves  its  back  against  the  horizon,  like  a  giant  wave 
ready  to  break  npon  the  level  j)lains  of  Erere,  that  lie  spread  out 
before  us,  flecked  with  open,  bright,  grassy  campos,  dark  woodland, 
and  coursing  cloud-shadows  from  the  glorious  sky  above.  Below 
us,  and  beyond  a  little  strip  of  woodland,  is  the  little  village  of 
Erere,  with  its  white  church  and  scattered,  thatched  houses. 

In  the  west  are  the  tops  of  Aroxi  and  Aracuri,  with  low  lands 
beyond  on  the  horizon,  while,  northward  from  the  hills,  stretches  a 
belt  of  low,  wooded  ridges,  skirting  the  campos  on  the  west  and 
north,  and  bending  round  to  close  the  circuit  with  Tauajurl.  And 
away  beyond  them,  on  the  far-oif  northern  horizon,  are  table-topped 
hills,  evidentlyof  the  same  formation  as  the  serras  of  Parii.  To  give 
a  clearer  idea  of  the  topographical  features  of  the  highlands  west  of 
the  campos  and  of  the  distant  table-topped  hills,  I  have  introduced 
the  following  little  outline  sketch  taken  without  alteration  from  my 
note-book. 


Sketch  looking  Northward  from  Serra  of  Erere. 

A  mile  or  more  west  of  the  village,  a  very  narrow,  angular  ridge 
extends  northward  from  the  northern  side  of  the  serra  of  Erere, 
in  a  straight  line  for  perhaps  a  mile,  presenting  a  very  even  height 
of  about  200  feet,  as  nearly  as  I  could  judge.  On  the  eastern  side 
this  ridge  is  very  steep,  and  near  the  top  there  is  a  line  of  exposures 
of  a  rather  compact,  not  well  laminated  clay-rock,  mottled  red  and 
white,  and  apparently  without  fossils.  This  has  a  decided  dij?  to 
the  westward,  and  the  western  slope  of  the  ridge  is  consequently 
less  steep  than  the  eastern.  The  ridge  is  unfortunately  covered 
with  small  trees,  abominable  "Devil's  fish-hooks"  and  cactuses,  so 
that  it  is  very  difficult  to  study  it.  After  running  along  for  a  con- 
siderable distance,  it  breaks  down  abruptly,  or  perhaps  more  prop- 
erly speaking,  it  is  cut  through  by  a  broad  gap,  through  which 
runs  the  road  to  Maecuru. 

In  the  gap,  the  lower  part  of  the  ridge  to  a  considerable  height, 
is  seen  to  be  composed  of  a  heavy  mass  of  diorite;  but  whether  this 


221 

rock  forms  a  dyke,  or  a  bed  interstratified  Avith  the  clay-rock,  I 
could  not  determine.  In  the  rain-courses  of  the  Maecurii  road  the 
diorite  has  given  rise  to  a  great  number  of  well-rounded  boulders 
of  decomposition,  imbedded  in  a  dark  soil  of  decomposed  trap ; 
and,  at  a  hasty  glance,  they  might  be  taken  for  erratics.  On  the 
northern  side  of  the  gap  the  ridge  appears  to  be  continued  for  some 
distance.  Looking  from  the  top  of  Erere  there  appears  to  be  a 
ridge  running  northward  from  the  Serra  de  Aroxi  like  that  just  de- 
scribed. I  made  an  attempt  to  reach  it,  but  lost  myself  in  the  thick 
woods.  An  attempt  to  explore  the  zone  of  highlands  to  the  west 
of  the  campos  proved  very  unsatisfactory.  I  made  a  very  long 
excursion  among  these  hills,  but  I  cannot  give  an  intelligible 
account  of  their  structure,  because  of  the  want  of  exposures  and 
the  difficulty  of  making  and  recording  observations  in  the  dense 
undergrowth,  and  in  the  beds  of  the  exceedingly  tortuous  igarapes. 
The  prevailing  rock  appears  to  be  similar  to  that  exposed  in  the 
ridge  extending  northward  from  Erere,  but  I  found  also  a  few 
wretched  exposures  of  a  firmly  laminated,  dead-black  shale  without 
fossils.  I  know  nothing  of  the  relation  borne  by  these  beds  to  the 
undoubted  Devonian  beds  of  the  plains.  Trap  dykes  are  very  nu- 
merous, and  some  are  very  heavy.  The  whole  region  seems  to  have 
been  much  disturbed.  At  Matarupi  and  elsewhere  in  the  vicinity 
there  are  superficial  deposits  of  impure  haematitic  iron  ore.  Cam- 
pos, apparently  composed  of  Devonian  rock,  extend  from  the  ridge 
running  north  from  the  serra  of  Erere  to  the  serra  of  Aroxi. 

Almost  directly  north  of  Monte-Alegre  is  an  isolated,  precipitous 
hill  several  hundred  feet  in  height,  which,  in  company  with  Messrs. 
Smith  and  Staunton  and  my  guide  Sr.  Liberate,  I  tried  to  reach  from 
the  campo  on  the  southern  side.  All  I  was  able  to  do  Avas  to  climb 
a  sort  of  high  platform,  in  front  of  the  hill,  which  was  so  covered 
with  spiny  plants,  yurn^Kiri  pinda  and  underbrush,  that  I  was 
obliged  to  turn  back.  I  should  have  persisted,  but  that  I  had  sev- 
eral hours'  march  before  me  over  the  stony  plain  to  Erere  that 
evening.  I  could  only  determine  that  the  platform  above  spoken  of 
was  composed  of  diorite  like  that  of  the  ridge  just  west  of  Erere. 

The  little  hamlet  of  Erere  is  situated  on  the  Devonian  plain,  a 
little  more  than  a  mile  to  the  north  of  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 


222 

serra  of  Erere,  and  consists  of  some  twenty  to  thirty  miserable 
thatched  houses  and  a  neat  little  chapel.  The  inhabitants  are  civil- 
ized Indians,  of  more  or  less  mixed  blood,  but  it  is  not  known  from 
what  tribe  or  tribes  they  are  descended.  The  old  people  still  speak 
the  Tupi  language,  but  it  is  becoming  so  rapidly  superseded  by  the 
Portuguese  that  it  is  only  rarely  used  for  conversational  purposes. 
The  people  are  quiet,  orderly,  and  clean,  and  I  came  to  have  a  real 
respect  for  them.  Sr.  Liberate,  my  host,  is  a  fine,  intelligent,  trust- 
worthy fellow,  to  whom  I  am  under  deep  obligations  for  the  faith- 
ful way  in  which  he  served  me  on  both  visits  to  Erere,  and  I 
take  pleasure  in  recommending  him  as  a  guide  to  future  visitors. 
The  men  of  Erere  are  fishers,  hunters,  vaqueiros,  and,  like  other 
Indians,  work  well  when  they  must.  Of  the  industry  of  the  women 
I  cannot  speak  in  too  high  praise.  On  them  falls  all  the  labor  of 
the  field  and  household;  from  morning  to  night  they  are  steadily  at 
work,  and  I  never  think  of  Erere  without  fancying  that  I  still  hear 
the  measured  rhythmic  beat  of  the  carana  wand,  in  beating  cotton 
for  si)inning. 

The  sandy  ridge  or  plateau  east  of  Erere  shows  but  few  superficial, 
and  not  very  interesting  exposures.  Like  the  Monte-Alegre  high- 
lands, it  appears  to  consist  of  soft  Tertiary  beds,  horizontally  strati- 
fied, which  have  been  much  denuded  down  and  superficially  worked 
over,  the  clayey  particles  having  been  washed  out,  leaving  the  sand 
lying  loose  on  the  surface.  On  the  northern  side  of  the  ridge,  at 
some  distance  east  of  the  serra,  is  a  small,  isolated  hill  composed  of 
fine  clayey  sands,  white,  variegated  with  purple,  together  with  white 
sands,  suiificiently  compacted  to  form  a  low  bluff,  that  runs  round 
the  eastern  side  of  the  hill.  The  ridge  behind  is  composed  of  the 
same  materials,  as  is  seen  in  several  deep  rain-courses.  On  the  hill 
just  described,  and  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  I  picked  up  several 
loose  fragments  of  a  very  curious  rock  which  I  was  unable  to  find 
in  place.  It  consists  of  iron-oxide  and  is  filled  with  little,  empty 
cell-like  cavities  separated  by  very  thin  walls,  and  consequently 
spongy  and  very  light.  Each  cavity  corresponds  to  a  sand-grain 
which  has  been  dissolved  out,  leaving  only  the  iron  oxide  that 
cemented  the  whole  together.  The  grains  were  probably  calcareous, 
but  I  have  no  clue  to  the  origin  of  these  very  interesting  fragments. 


223 

The  serra  of  Taiiajuil,*  though  in  plahi  siglit  from  Erere  and 
from  the  vicinity  of  Monte- Alegre,  is  quite  unknown  to  tlie  white 
inhabitants  of  these  i)laces,  and  I  found  none  except  Indians  wlio  had 
visited  it.  Failing  to  reach  tlie  mountain  in  1870, 1  made  an  excur- 
sion thither  the  following  year,  in  company  with  Messrs.  Derby  and 
J.  B.  Steere.  We  left  Monte-Alegre  on  foot  at  day-break,  accompa- 
nied by  four  Indians,  striking  off  northward  over  the  highlands, 
follow^ing  the  road  to  Saudoso,  a  little  agricultural  settlement,  situ- 
ated on  the  loAV  grounds  east  of  the  ridge. 

The  Monte-Alegre  plateau  is  noted  for  its  flat,  rounded  outlines, 
its  long,  gentle  slopes,  rarely  gullied  by  rains,  its  superficial  coating 
of  coarse  sand,  and  its  peculiar  campos  vegetation,  in  all  which 
features  it  agrees  Avith  the  similar  elevated,  sandy  campos  of  the 
vicinity  of  Erere  and  Paituna,  and  also  with  those  of  Santarem, 
which  last  I  shall  not  attempt  to  describe  here.  The  covering  of 
loose,  coarse  sand  completely  masks  the  geological  structure  of  the 
plateau,  except  along  its  southern  border  and  in  a  few  localities 
where  the  underlying  beds  come  to  the  surface  in  knolls.  Here  and 
there  on  the  road,  across  the  plateau,  from  Erere  to  Monte-Alegre, 
one  meets  with  slight  knolls  composed  of  small,  ferruginous  concre- 
tions, cemented  together  and  resembling  a  conglomerate.  The  sur- 
face sands  are  so  coarse  and  loose  that  it  is  very  fatiguing  to  Avalk 
over  them.  The  vegetation  they  support  to-day  is  that  of  the  high, 
sandy  campos  districts  everywhere  in  northern  Brazil,  modified  by 
campos  fires.  The  sandy  campos  of  the  Erere-Monte- Alegre  district 
closely  resemble  those  of  Piauhy,  Pernambuco  and  Bahia.  Trees 
are  sparsely  sown,  and,  having  been  singed  by  fire,  are  small,  rough- 
barked,  stout  and  gnarly-branched,  and  thick-leaved.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  trees  are  cajiis,  with  whose  grateful  acid  fruit  the 
traveler  may  refresh  himself.  Grass  grows  only  in  widely  separated 
tufts,  and  the  surface  is  yearly  burned  over.  The  effect  of  these 
campos  fires  is  most  disastrous,  and  if  kept  up  they  must  inevitably 
convert  the  ridge  into  a  desert. 

*I  !im  not  sure  that  this  is  the  correct  form  of  tlie  name  of  the  serra.  The  pronunciation 
varies  from  Tajut'i  to  Tayur'i,  Tauayur'i^  Tauajur'i.,  and  I  have  even  heard  Tauacur'i.  Penna 
uses  Taiiajury,  and  this  appears  more  nearly  right,  but  it  would  still  be  a  Portuguese  form.  In 
all  this  uncertainty  it  seems  scarcely  worth  while  to  inquire  into  the  origin  of  the  name.  •  The 
first  point  to  be  settled  is,  whether  the  first  part  of  the  word,  in  lingoa  gcral,  is  i(<i,  stone,  or 
tauA,  a  kind  of  clay. 


224 

The  Monte-Alegre  campos  are  quite  unfit  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses, but  according  to  Sr.  Yalente,  wlio  accompanied  us  for  a  part 
of  the  way  to  Tauajuri,  beans  and  even  corn  may  be  grown  during  the 
wet  months ;  but  mandioca  cannot  be  raised  on  these  lands,  because 
it  requires  at  least  six  months  to  mature,  and,  during  the  rains,  the 
roots  are  apt  to  be  washed  out  of  the  soil.  The  climate  of  the 
Erere-Monte-Alegre  district,  during  the  dry  season,  is  very  jileasant. 
Day  after  day,  and  week  after  week  passes  without  a  storm.  The  days 
are  hot,  the  thermometer  in  the  shade  ranging  about  90°  in  the 
middle  of  the  day;  but  the  air  is  so  dry  and  there  is  so  constantly 
a  stiif  sea  breeze  blowing,  that  the  temperature  in-doors  is  very 
agreeable.  On  the  plains,  I  have  found  the  heat  oppressive  while  in 
exercise,  though  much  more  endurable  than  in  the  interior  of  New 
York  in  the  summer  months;  but  the  moment  one  stands  still,  even 
on  the  open  plains,  he  is  apt  to  be  chilled  by  the  breeze.  The 
nights  are  very  cool,  and  one  is  obliged  to  sleej:)  wrapped  in  a 
blanket  and  with  closed  doors.  Late  in  the  dry  season  and  in  the 
rainy  months,  the  mosquitoes  are  a  veritable  plague.  Of  the  Avet 
season  on  the  Amazonas  I  can  say  nothing  from  my  own  personal 
acquaintance. 

As  the  plateau  approaches  Tauajuri  it  becomes  more  broken,  and 
better  wooded,  but  it  soon  gives  way  to  hills,  probably  of  a  differ- 
ent geological  structure.  The  lowlands  east  of  the  ridge  are  well 
wooded,  but,  except  in  marshy  jjlaces,  the  forest  is  not  luxuriant, 
and  the  same  seems  to  be  the  case  with  the  higher  plains  of  the 
vicinity. 

We  reached  Jacare  at  the  foot  of  the  serra  at  3  o'clock  p.  sr.,  hav- 
ing rested  for  dinner  at  Saudoso  for  perhaps  a  couple  of  hours,  so 
that  the  distance  from  Monte-Alegre  to  the  base  of  the  mountain 
must  be  about  18  miles.  At  Jacare  we  found  a  ruined  house,  and 
as  we  had  outwalked  our  guides  and  Avere  obliged  to  wait  until  late 
in  the  afternoon  for  them  to  come  up,  we  here  spent  the  night,  as 
well  as  the  carapanas  and  the  Avhite  ants,  that  swarmed  from  the 
rotten  timbers  of  the  house,  Avould  permit. 

On  the  banks  of  a  little,  clear-water  igarape  that  runs  through 
the  forest,  bordered  by  beautiful  palms,  Ave  found  sandstones,  and  I 
discoA'ered  a  bed  of  dark-bluish  limestone,  that  looked  as  though  it 
ought  to  contain  fossils,  but  afforded  us  nothing  recognizable. 
Its  strike  Avas  N.  S.,  and  the  dip  30°  to  the  eastward. 


225 

Early  the  next  morning  we  climbed  the  serra  by  a  very  rough, 
steep  ascent  through  the  avoocIs  over  loose  rocks,  and  worked  our 
way  with  much  ditliculty  nearly  to  the  Avestern  end  of  the  moun- 
tain. The  serra  is  a  sharp-crested  monoclinul  ridge,  trending  ap- 
proximately E.  S.  E.^  W.  N".  ^Y.,  and  much  longer  than  Erere.  The 
southern  side  is  exceedingly  steep,  almost  precipitous,  and  wooded 
nearly  to  the  top,  along  which  runs  a  line  of  low  blufl's.  The  north- 
ern side  slopes  off  at  an  angle  of  10°-15°  in  a  series  of  beautiful 
campos  interspersed  here  and  there  Avith  trees.  This  side  of  the 
serra  is  scored  deeply  with  deep  parallel  gorges  that  extend  in  many 
cases  up  to  and  through  the  crest  of  the  serra,  which  consequently 
presents  a  notched  appearance  Avhen  seen  from  the  south. 

The  uppermost  stratum  observed  near  the  crest  of  the  serra  was  a 
light  bluish,  nearly  Avhite,  tough,  not  Avell  laminated  clay-rock,  Avitli 
a  large  percentage  of  very  fine  sand  in  its  composition.  Beneath 
this  are  beds  of  fine,  clayey  sandstone,  Avhite,  mottled  Avith  purplish, 
and  Avith  fucoid  (?)  casts,  alternating  with  Avhich  beds  are  shaley 
bands  and  layers  of  sandstone,  the  Avhole  not  well  exposed.  Then 
follow  about  4  inches  of  red  shaley  iron-stone,  overlying  a  bed  of 
rather  coarse  sandstone  about  10-15  feet  in  thickness,  which  forms 
a  bluff  running  along  the  upper  part  of  the  southern  side  of  the 
serra,  Avhile  underneath  are  light  purj)lish  broAvn,  fine-grained  sand- 
stones poorly  exposed.  The  dip  of  the  Tauajuri  beds  in  the  serra 
is  about  10°-15°  towards  the  N.  N.  E.  or  N.  E. 

I  found  the  elevation  of  the  serra  at  its  highest  point  to  be  850 
feet  aboA'e  the  level  of  the  sea.*  Tauajuri  appears  to  differ  entirely 
from  Erere  in  its  geological  structure.  It  is,  indeed,  true  that  I 
examined  only  the  upper  beds  of  the  series,  but  if  the  Erere  sand- 
stone were  represented  loAver  doAvn,  it  is  hardly  possible  that  it 
should  not  have  shoAvn   itself  in  blufi's  on  the   mountain   side.f 


*  I  made  but  a  single  observation,  and  as  the  mountain  looks  much  higher  than  Erere,  1 
snspect  that  the  observation  may  be  unreliable. 

tTuajuri  is  resorted  to  by  the  Indians  of  JIonte-Alegre  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  the  bark 
of  the  cumate  or  cumati  tree  {Apoci/nea  vel  Asclepidea  follicularis ?  v.  Mart.  Glossaries,  p.  393, 
sub  voce  cumati),  the  sup  extracted  from  which  is  used  to  varnish  the  drinking  gourds,  for  the 
manufacture  of  which  Monte-Alegre  has  been  so  long  famed.  The  name  of  the  tree  appears  to 
be  derived  from  kamy'g,  milk,  sap,  and  ete,  true.  Cumati  probably  more  nearly  preserves  the 
original  form  than  cumati,  but  I  suspect  it  is  still  a  corrupt  form.  The  sap  is  obtained  from 
the  bark,  I  believe,  by  pounding  and  squeezing.    The  cuias  are  prepared  as  follows:    The 

BUL.   BUF.  SOC.  NAT.   BCI.  (•-'!!)  JAXL-ARV,   ISIJ. 


226 

From  the  summit  there  is  a  magnificent  view  over  an  immense  area 
of  country,  the  whole  Monte-Alegre-Erere  highlands  and  the  great 
Devonian  plain  heing  distinctly  seen.  I  have  reproduced  from  my 
note-book  a  little  sketch  of  the  Erere  hills  taken  from  the  top  of 
Tauajuri,  because  it  shows  a  line  of  hills  extending  westward  be- 
yond Aracuri,  apparently  forming  parts  of  the  same  outcrop. 


The  Devonian  plain  and  serras  of  Erer6  from  the  Serra  of  Tauajuri. 

To  the  northward  of  the  zone  of  highlands  bordering  the  Erere 
plain  on  the  north  and  west,  the  country  is  low,  somewhat  irregu- 
lar, though  with  but  few  hills,  and  uniformly  covered  with  forest. 
Along  the  horizon,  on  the  north-Avest,  high,  table-topped  hills 
stretch  along  for  many  miles  like  a  cordilheira.  To  the  east  of 
Tauajuri  the  country  is  low,  but  still  considerably  higher  than  the 
Amazonian  bottom.  Just  east  of  the  Monte- Alegre  highlands  these 
higher  grounds  do  not  come  down  to  the  river,  but  their  margin, 
once  an  old  shore-line,  describes  a  strong  curve  forming  a  sort  of  bay 
which  has  been  silted  up  and  converted  into  alluvial  grassy  campos, 
while,  skirting  the  old  shore,  is  a  long,  narrow,  crescent-shaped 
lake,  once  a  side-channel  of  the  river.  This  alluvial  bay  and  lake 
put  one  in  mind  of  the  campos  and  parana-merins  of  Taperinha, 
of  which  I  hope  to  speak  in  another  paper. 

From  what  I  have  seen  of  the  Amazonian  valley  in  the  province 
of  Para,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  greater  part  of  the  country 

gourd,  or  fruit  of  the  Crescentia  Cuyele  (lvuia-ete=cwiapar  excellence)  is  cut  in  two  and  the  inside 
pulp  removed.  When  the  rind  is  dry  it  is  carefully  scraped,  both  inside  and  out,  and  polished 
with  the  sandpaper-like  leaves  of  the  caimb6  tree  {Curatella).  A  little  charcoal  of  the  wood  of 
the  pao  de  Boia  or  Mutiiti  is  tlien  scraped  into  the  cuia,  and,  having  been  mixed  with  a  few 
drops  of  the  cumat6,  is  rubbed  over  the  surface  of  the  vessel.  Over  this  the  cumati  is  applied 
three  or  more  times,  and  on  being  allowed  to  dry,  forms  a  sort  of  purplish  varnish.  The  cuias 
are  then  inverted  over  sand  on  which  stale  urine  has  been  sprinkled,  but  some  persons  fill  them 
with  the  urine  and  allow  them  to  stand.  The  cumat6  varnish,  probably  affected  by  ammonia 
fumes,  soon  turns  jet  black  and  forms  a  hard,  brilliant,  durable  lacqner,  not  affected  by  hot 
water  or  rum.  The  cuias  of  AIonte-Alegre  are  often  painted  in  color,  with  very  tasty  and  often 
elaborate  designs,  by  the  Indian  women. 


227 

is  covered  with  forest,  and  that  open  campos  are  the  exception. 
These  last  are  confined  eitlier  to  the  very  low  lands  innndated 
during  the  wet  season,  but  left  dry  several  months  in  the  year  with- 
out rain,  or  to  the  high,  level,  never  inundated  sandy  grounds  and 
the  hard-baked,  clayey  or  stony  plains  of  Erere.  The  alluvial, 
bottom  of  the  Amazonas  in  the  vicinity  of  Monte-Alegre  and  else- 
where, is,  over  very  large  areas,  destitute  of  trees.  My  friend  Dr. 
Woiekof,  the  Russian  savant,  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  treelessness 
of  prairies  is  often  due  to  the  rank  growth  of  grasses.  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  that  this  is  in  great  part  the  cause  of  the  want  of 
trees  on  the  Amazonas  river-bottom;  but  there  is  still  another 
reason,  and  that  is  the  dryness  of  the  climate,  and  the  baking  of 
the  alluvial  clayey  soil  in  the  dry  months.  The  forest  gains  a  foot- 
hold only  on  the  borders  of  the  streams  and  in  wet  places,  w^here  it 
holds  its  own  by  its  proximity  to  the  water. 

The  only  really  tropically  luxuriant,  true  jungle  is  found  on  pe- 
rennially wet  grounds.  This  is  always  full  of  palms,  Phmnaco- 
spermums,  Ileliconias,  Arums,  large-leaved  plants,  and  is  tangled 
with  vines  and  creepers.  The  vegetation  of  the  higher  and  drier 
grounds  is  not  very  luxuriant,  especially  if  the  land  be  stony, 
sandy,  or  clayey.  Such  is  the  character  of  the  forests  of  the  higher 
lands  everywhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Monte-Alegre  and  Erere.  The 
trees  are,  for  the  most  part  small,  and  the  undergrowth  is  largely 
composed  of  curud  palms. 

Even  where  the  land  is  high,  if  the  soil  is  only  damp  and  rich, 
the  forests  may  be  exceedingly  luxuriant  and  composed  of  trees  of 
giant  size,  as  for  instance  on  the  black  lands  on  the  top  of  the  bluffs 
near  Santarem,  and  on  the  high  lands  of  the  Tapajos,  Tocantins 
and  Xingii. 

The  generally  received  opinion  tliat  the  whole  valley  of  the  Am- 
azonas is  covered  with  one  dense,  rank,  steaming  forest,  impenetra- 
ble and  indomitable  by  man,  is  as  erroneous  as  the  school  geography 
stories  of  enormous  snakes  and  wild  beasts,  which  last,  somehow  or 
other,  were  always  hibernating  when  I  Avas  in  the  country.  The 
forests  of  the  Monte-Alegre-Erere  district  and  of  Santarem  as  well, 
are  far  from  luxuriant,  bespeaking,  during  the  dry  season,  a  very  dry 
climate  and  a  fault  of  moisture. 


228 

The  table-topped  hills  of  the  Amazonas,  so  frequently  described 
by  travelers  consist  of  several  isolated  mountains  or  plateaus  of  cir- 
cumdenudation  composed  of  horizontal  strata,  which  lie  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  river  between  Prainha  and  Almeirim,  and 
known  collectively  as  the  serras  of  Parii.  They  are  characterized 
by  their  broad  level  tops  and  their  very  abrupt,  sometimes  precip- 
itous sides.  The  western-most  of  these  serras  is  that  of  Paraua- 
quara,  eastward  of  which  is  that  of  Velha  Pobre,  while  still  farther 
east  are  the  serras  of  Almeirim.  The  general  appearance  of  these 
mountains  is  represented  in  the  accompanying  sketch  made  from 
the  river. 


w 


>: \ 


w 


IS-T-'X       /'       c 


W 


Every  traveler  has  felt  it  his  duty  to  describe  the  table-topped 
hills,  and  they  have  been  represented,  over  and  over  again,  by  fancy 
sketches  that  look  no  more  like  the  serras  of  Parii*  than  they  do  like 
any  other  flat-topped  hills,  but,  strange  to  say,  until  1871,  no  explo- 
r^^r  except  v.  Martins  has  ever  visited  them.  He  landed  at  Almeirim 
on  his  journey  down  the  Amazonas  and  climbed  the  serra  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity,  which  he  estimated  as  scarcely  800  feet  in  height. 
He,  however  says  very  little  concerning  its  geological  structure,  but 
his  account  of  his  visit  is  so  important  that  I  give  a  part  of  it 
below.f 


*  I  cannot  refrain  from  protesting  against  the  admirably  drawn  but  abominably  inaccurate 
sketches  that  illustrate  the  magniiicent  volumes  of  Marcoy.  The  sketches  of  Santareni  and 
Para  might  just  as  well  have  been  labeled  Pernambuco  and  Bahia.  As  for  the  portraits  that 
adorn  the  volume  they  are,  so  far  as  I  can  judge,  as  inaccurate  as  they  well  can  be. 

+  "Dor  Berg  von  Almeirim  liegt  etwa  eine  Stunde  niirdlich  vom  Ufer  des  Stroma  entfernt, 
und  sein  Gipfel  mag  kaum  acht  hundert  Fuss  fiber  diesen  erhoht  seyn.  Wir  hatten  bald  einen 
dichten  nicht  hohen  Wald  durchschnitten,  und  tratten  nun  in  eine  lichte  Grasflur  heraus,  welche 
in  ihrer  Physiognomic  die  giosste  Achnlichkeit  mit  den  campos  agrestes  von  Piauhy  darstellte. 
Qrosse,  grau-griine,  haarige  Grasbi'irchel,  mit  niancherlci  bliithenreichen  Krauteru  wechselnd, 
stehen  ziemlich  weit  aus  aufgelOsten  braunen  Sandeisenstein.  In  den  Niederungen  der  Flur 
Bind  hier  Briiche  von  geringer  Ausdehnung,  ebenfalls  mit  Gras  bedeckt,  dort  inselartige  grup- 
pen  von  Gebiische  und  eine  eigenthiimliche  Palme  (T.yagous  cocoides,  Mart.  Palm,  t.  89-90). 
*  ♦  *  *  Der  Berg  selbst,  welcher  diese  anmuthige  Laudschaft  scliliesst,  indem  er  parallel 
mit  dem  Strome  von  O.  nach  W.  liiuft,  ist  an  seinem  untern  Abhange  mit  gleicher  wiesen  vegeta- 


229 

III  1870  my  time  was  so  completely  exhausted  at  Erero,  that  I 
was  obliged  to  return  liomo  without  visiting  the  table-topped  hills, 
and  one  great  object  of  my  journey  to  the  Amazonas  in  1871,  was 
the  examination  of  one  of  the  true  table-topped  hills.  I  selected 
Parauiiquiira,  not  only  because  it  appeared  to  be  the  highest  of  these 
mountains,  but  also  because,  being  precipitous,  it  would  be  the 
more  likely  to  afford  good  sections. 

I  left  Prainha  very  early  on  the  morning  of  the  14th  of  Xovem- 
ber,  in  a  montaria,  and  dropped  doAvn  with  the  current  nearly  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Eio  Yauari*  (Javari).  During  the  night  and 
to  7.^i  o'clock  the  terral  blew  gently  down  stream,  and  it  was  deli- 
ciously  cool ;  after  that  time  the  wind  gradually  lulled,  the  sea  breeze 
beginning  to  blow  at  about  9}i  o'clock.  This  continues  to  blow  all 
day  regularly  during  the  dry  season. 

The  Yauari  has  a  sort  of  miniature  delta.  Just  before  entering 
the  Amazonas  the  river  bends  eastward,  separated  from  the  river  by 
a  grass-covered  strip  of  alluvium,  across  which  two  channels  are 
cut.  It  was  low  tide  when  we  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  we  were  obliged  to  wait  for  sometime  before  we  could  enter. 
The  Yauari  resembles  the  igarape  de  Erere  in  having  a  very  deep, 
narrow  channel,  about  200  feet  wide,  with  steep  banks  lined  with 
trees  which  are,  however,  larger  than  those  of  Erere,  while  the 
banks  are  cleaner.  The  vegetation  is  largely  made  up  of  the  fol- 
lowing trees:  Mututi,  Acapu-rdna\  (WuUscJiIdgeUa  ?),  Arajyari,  I 
Caxinguha%  {Pharmacosyceaf),  Piran]iauba,\  Taixi^  and  UapuV 

During  the  dry  season  the  water  of  the  river  and  its  branches  is 
quite   stagnant,    excessively  dirty,   warm    and   fever   breeding,  its 

tion,  oben  aber  mit  einem  lichten  Walde  grosser  Biiume,  besonders  vieler  castanheiros,  bewach- 
sen,  auf  dem  steilen  Wege  findet  man  nirgends  ein  anderes  als  das  angegebene  sandeisenstein- 
gebilde.  Kleine  Quellen  kommen  aus  den  Flanken  des  Berges  auf  die  Wiosen  herab,  und  die 
Waldung  der  Iliilie  hegt  behagliche  kiihle." — Spies  u.  Mart.  Reise  in  Brasilien,  Iller  Tlieil, 
S.  1326. 

*  Yauari  is  Uie  name  of  Uie  palm  Astrocaryum  Javary.    The  Portuguese  form  is  Javari. 

+  Called  also  manup6,  or  the  yauari.    v.  Martius  gives  the  following  etymology:    '■'■  Caa-cua  : 
acapoc:  arbor  fructu  desiliente ;  rana :  spurium,"  which  strikes  me  as  very  fanciful. 

A  A  A 

X  This  may  be  a  corruption  of  ymyrA-ap&ra-y'ua,  meaning  bow-tree. 

A 

%Kadxingy'>ia,  Lingoa  geral. 

II  Pirdha-y'ua,  Lingoa  geral,  tree  of  the  cannibal  fish. 

A 

^  Taixl-y'ua,  tree  of  the  ant  taixi,  so  called  because  its  hollow  leaf-stalks  are  inhabited  by  a 
very  venomous  ant.    Taixi  appears  to  be  derived  from  tasy  ua,  an  ant,  and  i,  little. 
1  y  «a-;;«i,  slender  tree. 


230 

only  motiou  appearing  to  be  that  induced  by  tlie  tides.  Alligators 
swarm  in  it  like  tadpoles  in  a  ditcli,  and  I  was  not  a  little  surprised 
to  find  them  extraordinarily  active,  swimming  rapidly  about  and 
coming  up  promptly  to  snap  at  an  object  thrown  into  the  water. 
The  banks  of  the  river  are  alluvial,  and  go  deeply  under  water  dur- 
ing the  rainy  season. 

After  ascending  the  Yauari  for  some  distance  we  turned  oflF  north- 
eastward into  a  smaller  stream  called  the  Marapi,  on  the  left  bank 
of  which,  not  far  from  the  mouth,  is  the  cattle  fazenda  of  Leocadio 
Jose  Kodrigues,  at  which  I  was  most  hospitably  entertained.  This 
fazenda  is  built  on  a  little  knoll,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  alluvial 
plains,  which  are  partly  open  and  covered  with  grass,  the  rest  being 
forested. 

The  serra  of  Parauaquara  is  distant,  as  nearly  as  I  can  judge, 
about  twenty  miles  to  the  eastward  of  the  fazenda,  and  in  plain 
sight,  but  I  could  find  no  one  who  had  visited  it,  and  it  was  even 
an  object  of  superstitious  fear,  like  the  serra  of  Vellia  Pobre,  which 
is  to-day  held  to  be  haunted  by  a  female  spirit,  to  appease  which 
boatmen  hang  offerings  of  rags  and  clothing  upon  the  trees  on  the 
banks  of  the  Amazonas  at  certain  localities.  I  had  some  difficulty 
in  obtaining  guides  for  the  journey,  but  Sr.  Leocadio  kindly  fur- 
nished me  with  a  negro  and  a  mulatto,  and  my  party  was  completed 
by  three  young  Indians  I  had  brought  with  me  from  Prainha.  We 
set  out  on  foot  with  provisions  and  water  for  three  days,  for  we  were 
warned  beforehand  that  we  should  find  no  streams  on  the  route. 

For  two  or  three  miles  eastward  from  the  fazenda  our  way  was 
through  Avooded  and  marshy  campos,  until  we  reached  a  broad, 
level,  open  plain,  used  as  a  grazing-ground  for  cattle,  in  crossing 
which  we  were  completely  covered  with  myriads  of  minute  cara- 
pato  ticks  (Ixodes),  from  which  we  with  difficulty  rid  ourselves,  an 
episode  that  brought  up  vivid  reminiscences  and  no  saudades  of  the 
campos-land  of  Minos  Geraes.  The  open  plains,  just  described, 
are  represented  in  Plate  VII.  by  the  irregular  lake-like  patch, 
near  the  Amazonas.  From  the  grazing-grounds  to  Parauaquara, 
the  country,  though  not  high,  is  very  rough,  the  topography 
appearing  to  have  resulted  from  the  denudation  of  soft  beds,  inter- 
stratified  with  which,  are  thin  strata  of  hard,  brown,  ferruginous 
sandstone,  blocks  of  which  encumber  the  ground.  A  heavy  fruit- 
growth,  with  jungles  of  the  magnificent  banana-like  paciia-sor- 


231 

oroca  {Phacnacospermum)  fills  the  wet  valleys,  but  the  higher 
grounds  are  a  mixture,  or  more  properly  an  alternation  of  cainpo 
and  wood,  the  campos  being  thickly  covered  Avith  high  grass  and 
scattered  trees,  while  the  woods  are  thick  and  dry.  One  tree  in 
these  woods  especially  attracted  my  attention.  Only  a  few  inches 
in  diameter  it  grew  like  a  giant  withe,  straight  np  above  all  the 
other  trees,  destitute  of  branches  except  at  the  top,  where  were  only 
a  few  short  ramifications.  The  Indians  call  it  huatd  hysdua,  or  the 
hammock  of  the  cuata  monkey. 

The  journey  was  exceedingly  fatiguing,  and  in  the  woods  we  were 
obliged  to  use  our  knives  incessantly,  but  what  made  our  progress 
most  painful,  were  the  high  grass  and  bushes  filled  with  caria,  a 
long-leafed  sword-grass  that  cuts  like  a  razor.  My  heavy  duck 
trowsers  were  soon  cut  out  at  the  knees,  and  my  hands  and  face 
were  cut  and  bleeding,  while  the  bare  feet  of  my  attendants  suffered 
severely.  Approaching  the  serra  the  topography  became  more  and 
more  irregular,  and,  just  before  reaching  the  mountain,  we  de- 
scended into  a  deep  valley,  through  which  flows  a  stream  of  delicious 
water,  passing  which  we  rose  to  a  sort  of  isolated  shelf  at  the  base 
of  the  serra,  where  we  passed  the  night.  Next  day  we  ascended  by 
a  sharp  spur  at  the  south-west  corner  to  the  summit. 

Parauaquara*  is  an  extensive,  isolated  plateau  of  circumdenuda- 
tion,  and  apparently  forms  a  long,  narrow,  irregular  strip,  running 
east-west ;  at  least  so  it  appeared  to  me  from  the  river.  The  sum- 
mit is  so  densely  covered  with  little  trees  that  I  eould  not  traverse 
it,  and  I  consequently  have  seen  only  the  western  and  southern  sides 
of  the  serra. 

The  following  sketch,  taken  from  a  point  a  few  miles  west  of  the 
mountain,  will  show  its  topographical  features  as  seen  in  elevation. 


The  following  cut  is  from  a  sketch  taken  from  the  top  of  the 
serra  looking  off  northward  along  the  western  side,  showing  the 


*  Paritd,  parrot,  and  quAra,  hole. 


232 

level-toi^ped  summit,  and  tlie  steep  sides  and  spurs,  along  wliicli 
run  the  edges  of  the  horizontal  strata  like  courses  of  masonry. 


r.  -^  '\^^T: 


On  the  southern  side  of  the  serra,  at  the  south-west  corner,  is  an 
immense,  concave,  precipitous  gulf  like  one-half  of  a  Tolcanic  cra- 
ter, and  on  its  sides  a  great  thickness  of  rocks  is  exposed.  The 
view  on  Plate  VII.  is  from  a  sketch  taken  from  the  summit 
of  the  serra,  just  above  the  precipice,  and  looking  westward  across 
the  gulf  and  the  spur  by  which  we  ascended,  out  over  the  Amazo- 
nian valley.  The  sloj)ing  mass  of  Tauajuri  is  distinctly  visible  on 
the  western  horizon,  while  just  to  the  south  are  the  Monte- Alegre 
highlands  between  which  and  Parauaquara  stretch  immense  plains, 
more  or  less  completely  covered  with  forest,  with  the  exception  of 
the  campos  near  the  Yauari,  which  on  the  sketcli  look  like  a  large 
lake.  Far  off  to  the  north- ward  these  same  wooded  plains  are  con- 
tinued to  the  long  line  of  table-topped  hills.  They  are  rarely  bro- 
ken by  a  hill  and  there  is  but  one  little  lake  in  sight.  On  the  maps 
a  large  lake  called  Urubu-quara,*  is  represented  lying  between  Tau- 
ajuri and  Parauaquara,  but  of  this  nothing  is  to  be  seen  from  the 
serra,  the  only  lakes  visible  from  this  mountain  or  from  Tauajuri 
being  the  little  lagoon  just  spoken  of,  and  which  I  have  represented 
in  my  sketch,  and  the  long,  narrow,  crescent-shaped  lake  lying 
between  Monte-Alegre  and  Prauiha. 

The  Amazonas  bordered  with  forest,  dotted  here  and  there  wjth 
islands,  and  enlivened  by  a  white  sail  or  a  steamer,  runs  like  a 
broad  belt  across  the  landscape,  its  reddish  waters  contrasting 
strongly  with  the  green  of  the  woodlands.  We  may  trace  it  from 
the  western  horizon  near  Monte-Alegre,  to  far  beyond  Almeyrim. 
Parauaquara  lies  some  ten  miles,  more  or  less,  back  from  the  river. 


*  Uruu,  vulture,    nd  kv&ra,  hole. 


233 

On  tho  opposite  side  <»!'  the  Aiiiazomis,  and  to  the  south-west,  im- 
mense alhiviul  phiius  with  many  hirge  lakes  stretch  away  to  the  dim, 
ill-delined  horizon,  but  I  coukl  not  make  out  tlie  Xingii,  which 
probably  lies  out  of  sight  below  the  horizon. 

The  area  of  country  one  may  survey  from  tlie  to})  of  Paraua- 
qnara  is  immense,  and  every  topographical  feature  is  seen  as  on  a 
map.  I  could  not  but  contrast  the  bird's-eye  view  from  the  serra, 
and  the  clear  and  comprehensive  idea  it  gave  me  of  this  part  of  the 
Amazonian  valley,  with  the  meagre  idea  of  the  Amazonas  one  ob- 
tains by  traveling  by  steam  along  the  river,  when  all  he  sees  is  the 
broad  turbid  flood,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  strip  of  forest, 
with  perhaps  a  few  distant  hills  seen  over  the  tree-tops;  a  few  islands 
and  a  clear  water  horizon  both  in  the  east  and  west. 

One  traveling  in  this  way  sees  actually  nothing  of  the  structural 
features  of  the  valley,  and  lie  puts  one  in  mind  of  an  ant  who 
makes  an  excursion  up  a  Corinthian  column  following  industi'iously 
along  the  bottom  of  a  fluting. 

The  Amazonas  has  been  "explored"  quite  sufficiently  in  this 
style,  and  the  sooner  travelers  settle  down  to  the  conviction  that  the 
Amazonas,  like  the  Mississippi  or  any  other  great  river,  is  too  big  for 
one  man  to  explore  alone,  even  in  a  life-time,  the  better  it  will  l)e 
for  science.  Mr.  Chandless  has  set  a  good  example  to  Amazonian 
travelers  in  his  careful  surveys  of  the  Pard  and  of  the  Canuma, 
Abacaxi  and  Maue-Assu. 

The  following  is  a  section  made  from  the  top  of  Parauaquara  to 
its  base.  The  exposures  on  the  mountain  side,  are  so  poor  and  dis- 
connected, and  the  sword-grass  made  the  descent  so  painful  that 
observations  were  made  Avith  difficulty,  and  I  could  not  determine 
the  thickness  of  the  beds.  The  beds  are  given  in  the  descending 
order. 

BUL.    BUF.    SOC.   NAT.    SCI.  (30)  JANUARY,   1874. 


234 


O 1 

V 

n  ^— -_— 

_      // 

Y y/- 

a.  The  surfiice  is  covered  with  a  few  feet  of  a  very  fine,  light 
brick-red  earth  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  clay  and  very  fine  sand. 

h.  Red  sandy  clay  packed  fall  of  nodules  of  iron-stone,  which  are 
elongate  and  stalactitic  in  form,  and  imbedded  upright,  so  that  the 
bed  appears  as  if  it  were  full  of  long,  irregular  roots.  Thickness 
8-10  feet. 

c.  Very  heavy  beds  of  Tauatinga  clay  of  a  grayish  white  color 
magnificently  exposed  in  the  cliff's  on  the  south-eastern  side  of  the 
serra,  where  they  look  white  like  chalk.  These  rocks  are  well 
bedded  as  seen  in  the  sketch  of  the  cliffs,  but  they  are  not  laminated. 

d.  A  thick  bed  of  white  clay,  partly  very  pure  Tauatinga,  partly 
sand  and  often  presenting  a  structure  similar  to  that  of  a  brick  in 
which  two  kinds  of  clay  have  been  imperfectly  mixed  together. 
The  material  of  wJiicli  this  bed  is  composed  bakes  very  hard  in  the 
sun,  and,  resisting  denudation  better  than  the  overlying  beds,  it  occa- 
sionally forms  a  projecting  platform  with  bluff"  edges. 

e.  Soft,  fine-grained  sand-stone,  white  or  cream-colored,  and  with 
a  cement  of  clay. 

/.  Sandy  clay,  not  laminated,  variegated  in  color  and  irregularly 
solidified  by  iron  oxide. 

Leaving  the  serra  and  going  eastward  a  short  distance  to  a  deep 
valley,  the  section  appears  to  be  continued  as  follows: 

g.  A  heavy  bed  of  a  hard,  fine  and  even-grained,  white,  argilla- 
ceous sandstone,  beautifully  variegated  with  bands  and  mottlings  of 
delicate  shades  of  red,  purple,  brown  and  yellow.  This  rock  resem- 
bles very  closely  that  of  the  little  ridge  just  east  of  the  igarape  of 
Ercre  and  may  be  of  tlie  same  age ;  but,  uufortunately,  in  the  valley 


235 

of  tlio  Aniiizonas  lithological  characters  arc  not  much  to  he  trusted 
in  the  identilication  of  formations. 

]t.  Series  of  beds  not  well  exposed ;  at  x  are  thin  bands  of  coarse, 
red  sandstone  and  iron-stone. 

/.  The  lowest  rocks  seen  were  a  thick  bed  of  fine,  very  dark  gray 
clay. 

Not  a  single  fossil  was  found  in  the  Paraua([uara  bcdrf,  so  that 
their  geological  age  is  undetermined.  My  oAvn  decided  opinion  that 
they  are  newer  than  the  Cretaceous  and  probably  of  Tertiary  must 
be  taken  for  what  it  is  worth,  until  the  question  is  settled  by  pa- 
laeontological  evidence. 

The  following  paper  by  Mr.  Rathbun  on  the  Brachiopoda  of  the 
Devonian  of  Erere  is  the  result  of  a  long  and  careful  study  of  the 
collections  under  my  direction.  At  my  request  Mr.  Rathbun  took 
a  suite  of  the  fossils  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  compared  them  with 
the  collection  in  the  ]\Iuseum  of  Comparative  Zo(')logy.  Prof. 
Agassiz  received  him  with  the  greatest  kindness,  and  gave  him 
every  facility  for  the  examination  of  sj)ecimens.  I  have  also  to  ex- 
press my  thanks  to  Mr.  T.  Cary,  business  manager  of  the  Museum, 
and  to  my  old  friend  Prof.  0.  H.  St.  John,  for  aid  rendered  to  Mr. 
Rathbun. 

Prof.  Hall  has  since  kindly  examined  the  collection,  and  I  am 
mucli  indebted  to  him  for  allowing  Mr.  Rathbun  to  compare  the 
Brazilian  fossils  with  New  York  types  in  his  collection.  My 
thanks  are  also  due  to  Mr.  Whitfield  for  his  courtesy  in  aiding 
in  these  comparisons. 

I  have  published  a  very  condensed  sketch  of  the  geology  of  the 
Erere-Parauaquara  district  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American 
Geographical  Society,  and  the  sketch-map  at  the  head  of  this  paper 
first  appeared  in  that  volume,  but  is  now  republished  with  several 
important  changes. 


28G 


XXin.    On  the  Devonian  Brachiopoda  of  Erere', 
Province  of  Para',  Brazil 

BY   RICHARD    RATHBUN, 
Of  tlie  Geological  Laboratory,  Cornell  University. 

[Read  before  this  Society  January  2d,  1874.] 

Terebratiila  Derljyaua,  Rartt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  15, 17,  18,  19,  20,  21, 

22,  24  and  25. 

Test  small,  generally  subovate  in  outline,  but  sometimes  subangular  poste- 
riorly, lenticular,  with  nearly  equally  convex  and  somewliat  flattened  valves. 
Breadth  usually  about  three-fourths,  though  sometimes  nearly  equal  to,  the 
length,  and  greatest  at  or  anterior  to  the  middle.     Surface  smooth. 

Ventral  valve  depressed-convex,  with  the  greatest  convexity  posterior  to  the 
middle.  The  beak  appears  to  be  more  or  less  pointed,  slightly  extended 
beyond  the  dorsal  valve  and  incurved,  with  quite  a  broad  deltidium  beneath  ; 
but  the  external  moulds,  owing  to  the  friable  character  of  the  sandstone  in 
which  they  were  taken,  are  all  more  or  less  defective  in  the  umbonal  region. 
The  posterior  lateral  margins,  diverging  from  the  beak  at  an  angle  a  little 
greater  or  less  than  a  right  angle,  and  slightly  rounded  or  nearly  straight,  ex- 
tend forward  nearly  half  the  length  of  the  valve,  when  they  bend  gradually  to 
unite  with  the  lateral  margins,  which,  together  with  the  front,  form  a  single 
regular  curve. 

Dorsal  valve  generally  slightly  elongate,  but  sometimes  nearly  circular  in 
outline,  depressed-convex  like  the  opposite  valve,  the  convexity  strongest  pos- 
teriorly, the  curve  from  the  beak  to  the  front  being  very  gentle. 

The  surface  of  both  valves  is  smooth,  though  sometimes  it  is  traversed  by 
several  more  or  less  prominent  concentric  lines  of  growth. 

There  is  neither  fold  nor  sinus,  and  altogether  the  test  presents  a  very  plain 
appearance. 

Length,  10  m.  m.,  breadth,  7.5  m.  m.,  thickness,  3  m.  m. 

This  species  occurs  quite  abundantly  in  the  Devonian  sandstone 
of  Erere,  associated  with  Strepiorhynclius  Agassizii,Vitulina pustu- 
losa,  etc.  Many  specimens  of  different  ages  are  often  found  crowded 
together  in  a  small  space  in  tlie  friable  portions  of  the  sandstone, 
and  preserved  in  the  form  of  external  and  internal  moulds. 


2.'i7 

111  the  absence  of  the  muscular  markings  and  loop,  it  has  been 
impossible  to  determine  Avith  accnracy  whethei"  this  species  is  a  true 
Terehratula  or  not,  since,  so  far  as  external  form  is  concerned,  it 
might  belong  either  to  CentroneUa  Billings,  or  to  Cryptonella  Hall. 
Until  more  perfect  material  shall  have  been  collected,  I  have 
thoiight  it  best  to  refer  the  species  provisionally  to  Terehratula, 
tht?  most  largely  represented  by  species  of  the  above  genera.  (Mor- 
gan Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 

Named  by  Prof.  Hartt  in  honor  of  his  assistant,  Mr.  0.  A.  Derl)y, 
instructor  in  Geology  and  Palaeontology  in  Cornell  University,  and 
his  companion  on  two  expeditions  to  the  Amazouas. 


Spiril'cra  Tcdroana,  IIartt,sp.  nov.,  Plate  VIII,  figs.  1-9,  13,  U  ami  10-20. 

Test  of  moderate  size,  inequivalve,very  transverse,  tliiu.  Breadth  varying- 
from  twice,  to  three  and  a  half  times  the  length,  being  greatest  along  the  hinge 
line.  Outline  sub-semi-elliptical  or  broadly'  sub-triangular,  the  lateral  margins 
on  each  side  forming  a  single,  more  or  less  strong,  regular  curve,  though  they 
are  sometimes  nearly  straight.  Cardinal  extremities  more  or  less  produced 
and  angular,  varying  from  quite  acute  to  nearly  rectangular,  often  slightly 
rounded.     Test  plicate. 

Ventral  valve  much  more  convex  than  the  dorsal,  sub  pyramidal  when 
young,  more  or  less  ventricose  when  old.  Greatest  elevation  at  or  just  in 
front  of  the  beak,  which  is  small,  elevated,  generally  slightly  incurved,  but 
sometimes  hardly  produced  beyond  the  hinge  area.  Hinge  area  moderately 
broad,  triangular,  nearly  flat  or  slightly  concave,  perpendicular  to  antero-pos- 
terior  diameter  or  slightly  inclined  forwards  or  backwards,  in  which  last  case 
it  is  generally  slightly  concave,  the  curvature  varying  somewhat  but  always 
more  marked  under  the  beak.  Cardinal  margins  angular,  nearly  straight  or 
curving  very  slightly  inwards.  Fissure  triangular  with  the  width  at  base 
about  equal  to  the  height.  Mesial  sinus  of  moderate  depth  and  width,  broader 
than  deep  and  increasing  gradually  in  size  towards  the  front,  where  it  is 
slightly  produced  beyond  the  margin  of  the  valve.  It  is  regularly  rounded  in 
the  bottom, though  sometimes  slightly  flattened  towards  the  front ;  its  surface 
is  smooth  and  the  margins  are  well  defined.  From  the  beak  to  the  front,  along 
the  mesial  line,  the  surface  of  the  valve  curves  moderately  and  regularly,  but 
never  very  strongly ;  sometimes  it  is  nearly  straight.  The  slope  from  the 
margins  of  the  sinus  to  the  cardinal  extremities  is  very  slightly  convex  but 
often  nearly  straight. 

Dorsal  valve  moderately  convex  but  sometimes  much  depressed,  the  eleva- 
tion being  greatest  near  the  middle.  Beak  minute.  Mesial  fold  prominent  and 
abrupt,  moderately  wide,  its  breadth  increasing  regularly  from  the  beak  to  the 


238 

front ;  sides  very  steeply  inclined,  top  rounded  and  flattened,  with  usually  a 
very  shallow,  longitudinal  furrow,  exceedingly  narrow  at  the  beak,  but  broad- 
ening and  disappearing  on  approaching  the  front.  The  summit  of  the  fold, 
from  the  beak  to  the  front,  describes  a  moderately  strong  curve,  which  tends  to 
become  more  or  less  straight  towards  the  front.  The  elevation  of  the  fold  in 
front  is  quite  variable. 

The  test  has,  on  each  side  of  the  fold  and  sinus,  10  to  16  simple,  rounded, 
prominent  plications,  the  reverse  plications  being  of  the  same  form  but  nar- 
rower. On  the  ventral  valve,  the  plications  bordering  the  sinus  are  sometimes 
slightly  larger  than  the  others,  and  are  well  defined  up  to  the  beak.  Towards 
the  sides  they  gradually  decrease  both  in  width  and  prominence,  sometimes 
dying  out  entirely  on  the  cardinal  angles,  which  are  thus  frequently  left 
smooth,  as  is  also  a  narrow  space  extending  just  in  front  of  the  cardinal  mar- 
gins, to  within  a  varying  distance  of  the  beak.  At  the  sides  of  the  fold  in  the 
dorsal  valve,  the  plications  arch  rapidly  from  the  beak,  curving  strongly  to  the 
front,  but  less  and  less  so  as  the  cardinal  angles  are  approached,  where  the 
valve  is  more  or  less  flattened,  the  plications  diminishing  in  prominence 
towards  the  sides  as  in  the  ventral  valve,  but  seldom  leaving  the  cardinal 
angles  smooth.  Sometimes  the  valves  are  marked,  usually  towards  the  front, 
by  one,  two  or  three,  seldom  four,  prominent  lines  of  growth,  and  some  im- 
pressions of  the  fold  and  sinus  show  indications  of  many  fainter  ones. 

The  dental  plates  of  the  ventral  valve  are  thin,  divergent,  generally  very 
short,  though  in  the  older  specimens  they  sometimes  extend  forward  nearly 
one-third  the  length  of  the  valve,  each  including  two  or  three  plications  be- 
tween itself  and  the  sinus. 

The  specimens  vary  much  in  dimensions,  one  large  one  measures,  length,  1~> 
m.  m.,  breadth,  36  m.m.,  depth,  12  m.m.;  another,  15,  45  and  12  m.  m. 

The  test  must  have  been  a  thin  one,  for  tlie  exterior  markings  are  very 
plainly  impressed  upon  the  inner  mould. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  group  of  SJ)iriferae,^Yit]l  broad  hinge 
urea  and  more  or  less  extended  sides,  wliich  is  so  common  in  tlie 
Devonian  ;  but  the  collections  at  command  for  comparison  have 
been  so  meagre  that  its  relations  to  other  species  have  been  but 
imperfectly  determined.  It  resembles  closely  S.  varirosa  of  the 
Corniferous  limestone,  from  Avhich,  however,  it  differs  in  the  greater 
number  of  plications,  Avhich  are  not  angular,  and  also  in  the  nar- 
rower hinge  area.  Many  of  the  smaller  and  more  mucronate  vari- 
eties approach  S.  angvsta  of  the  Hamilton  group  in  shape,  but  in 
the  latter  species  the  plications  are  smaller  and  more  numerous. 
From  the  European  Devonian  S.  sui-cusjndala,  Schnur,  it  differs, 
among  otlier  features,  in  the  much  narrower  hinge  area. 


239 

Prof.  Hall,  ■who  oxamiiiod  ji  small  nniiil)er  of  specimens  of  this 
species  of  Spirifcra  after  tlie  above  description  was  written,  tliinks 
that  in  its  different  varieties  it  is  very  closely  related  to  several 
American  Devonian  Spirifcrae:  S.  varicosa,  Corniferons  limestone; 
S.  mcdialis,  Hamilton  group,  which  varies  much  in  form ;  >S'.  angusta, 
Hamilton  group,  perhaps  only  a  variety  or  young  form  of  S.  medi- 
alis\  and  S.  macra  of  the  Corn.  1.  s.,  Avhich  last  species,  however,  has 
generally  a  narrower  ami  more  curved  hinge  area.  S.  Pedroana 
therefore  appears  almost  like  a  connecting  link,  uniting  the  above 
named  species  in  a  single  series. 

This  Spin/era  is  one  of  the  most  common  and  beautiful  fossils 
in  the  Devonian  sandstones  at  Erere,  probably  coming  next  to 
Strejytorhynchns  Agassizii  in  abundance.  So  far  as  is  at  present 
known,  it  is  almost  entirely,  if  not  quite  confined  to  the  sandstone. 
But  a  single  very  small  ventral  valve  of  a  Spirifera  has  been  found 
in  the  underlying  shale,  which  agrees  with  the  species  just  described 
in  general  outline;  it  is,  however,  a  little  narrower,  and  appears  to 
have  a  small  median  septum  which  would  ally  it  with  Spiriferina  ; 
but  this  last  character  is  obscure  in  the  specimen,  and  cannot  be 
relied  on.     (Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 

[I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  dedicate  this  beautiful  and  interesting 
species  to  His  Majesty,  the  Emperor  of  Brazil,  an  accomplished 
geological  observer,  and  one  whose  distingushed  patronage  and  sym- 
pathy many  a  scientific  traveler  in  Brazil  will  remember  with  the 
deepest  gratitude. — C.  F.  H.] 


Spirifera  Elizae^  Ilartt,  sp.  iiov.,  Plate  VIII,  figs.  15  aud  21  ;  aud  Plate  IX, 
fig.  22. 

Of  this  species  only  the  ventral  valve  is  known.  This  is  of  medium  size, 
transverse,  the  breadth  being  about  twice  the  length ;  nearly  semicircular  in 
outline,  the  sides  and  front  forming  a  ver\'  regular  curve,  indented  only  slightly 
in  front  by  the  depression  of  the  sinus  ;  depressed  sub-pyramidal  in  form,  most 
elevated  in  the  umbonal  region.  Beak  obtusely  angular,  elevated,  not  pro- 
duced beyond  the  hinge  area  in  the  internal  moulds.  Hinge  area  triangular, 
slightly  concave  and  inclining  a  little  backwards ;  cardinal  margins  angular  ; 
fissure  triangular.  From  the  margins  of  the  sinus  the  valve  slopes  on  each 
side  with  scarcely  any  curvature  to  the  cardinal  extremities,  but  from  the 
beak  to  the  front  it  curves  slightly,  the  sides  of  the  valve  presenting  there 


240 

fnre  a  flattened  appearance.  Mesial  sinus  extending  to  the  bei\k,  moderately 
deep  and  wide,  regularly  rounded  in  the  bottom,  and,  at  the  front,  less  than 
one-fourth  as  deep  as  wide. 

Surface  of  test  with  twelve  or  more  low,  very  indistinct,  rounded,  radiating 
plications  on  each  side.  These  are  rather  more  pronounced  near  the  sinus,  but 
gradually  disappear  towards  the  sides. 

The  impressions  of  the  dental  plates,  in  the  interior  mould,  start  quite  near 
together  at  the  beak,  and  extend,  parallel  with  and  exterior  to,  the  diverging 
margins  of  the  sinus,  nearly  or  quite  to  the  front  of  the  valve,  the  space  be- 
tween the  dental  plates  and  the  margins  of  the  sinus  including  one  or  two 
plications.  In  one  specimen,  Plate  VIII,  fig.  21,  one  plication  is  included  in 
this  way  on  one  side,  and  two  on  the  other. 

The  type  specimen,  a  ventral  valve,  is  17  m.  m.  long,  34  m.  m.  broad  and 
about  5  m.  m.  high. 

This  species  is  based  on  more  or  less  perfect  sijecimens  of  four 
ventral  valves,  of  which  three  are  internal  moulds,  and  the  fourth 
an  impression  of  the  exterior  surface.  Though  these  agree  sufii- 
ciently  well  together  to  Avarrant  the  conclusion  that  they  belong  to 
the  same  species,  there  are,  however,  some  paints  of  diiference  be- 
tween them. 

The  surface  in  all  the  above  specimens  is  nearly  smooth,  and  the 
dental  plates  are  always  long,  reaching  almost  to  the  anterior  mar- 
gin of  the  valve.  The  specimen  taken  as  the  type  is  very  regular, 
the  margins  of  the  sinus  and  the  bases  of  the  dental  plates  are 
straight;  but  in  some  of  the  other  specimens  the  margins  of  the 
sinus  are  irregular,  curving  more  or  less,  and  the  sinus  is  narrower, 
Avith  the  dental  plates  removed  farther  from  its  margins.  These 
variations  do  not  seem  to  be  produced  by  distortion,  but  they  might 
be  due  to  irregular  internal  thickening.  This  question,  together 
with  that  of  the  thickness  of  the  test,  cannot  be  determined  from 
the  present  condition  of  the  casts. 

Ill  shape  this  species  somewhat  resembles  ^S*.  Pedroana,  with 
which  it  is  associated  at  Erere ;  but  it  is  easily  distinguished  from 
that  species  by  the  very  long  dental  plates  and  the  nearly  smooth 
surfiice.  On  comparing  it  with  those  varieties  of  S.  disjunda,  Sow., 
which  have  long  dental  plates,  as  represented  by  Prof.  Hall ;  Pal. 
N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV,  PI.  42,  Fig.  ir.  and  PI.  63,  Fig.  14,  there  is  seen  to 
be  a  great  resemblance,  but  all  the  specimens  of  8.  Elizae,  which 
show  plications  on  the  sides  have  a  perfectly  smooth  sinus,  and  this 
is  the  case  in  the  external  as  Avell  as  in  the  internal  moulds. 


241 

Associated  with  Sp.  J\'(lrO(Via,   \n   tlie   I)evoni;iu   suiKlstoncs  of 
Erere.     (Morgan  Expedition  18T1.) 

[Dedicated  respectfully  to  ]\[adame  Elizabeth  C.  Agassiz. — C.  F.  11.] 


Spirifcra  Valenteana,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  VIII,  fig.  11. 

Test  above  medium  size,  veiitricose,  thick,  trilobed  ia  outline  and  sli^'htly 
transverse,  with  the  greatest  width  along  the  hinge  line. 

Ventral  valve  very  convex,  most  elevated  between  the  beak  and  the  middle. 
Cardinal  angles  depressed,  with  the  cardinal  margins  concave.  Beak  probably 
large  and  curving  over  a  rather  constricted  area.  The  margin  of  the  valve  is 
distinctly  trilobed,  caused  by  the  extension  forward  of  the  broad  mesial  sinus 
beyond  the. general  margin  of  the  valve;  leaving  the  cardinal  extremity  on 
one  side  at  nearly  a  right  angle,  it  curves  regularly  inward  for  more  than  one- 
half  the  whole  length  of  the  valve  and  one-fifth  the  width,  when  it  gradually 
bends  outward,  forming  a  shallow  reentrant  curve  before  reaching  the  forward 
projection  of  the  sinus,  around  which  it  extends  in  an  elliptical  curve.  The 
distance  across,  from  the  center  of  one  reentrant  curve  to  the  other,  is  about 
twice  the  length  of  the  prolongation  of  the  sinus  beyond  the  general  margin 
of  the  valve.  Mesial  sinus  very  broad  and  shallow,  regularly  rounded  in  the 
bottom,  and  with  its  margins  undefined ;  width  of  sinus  nearly  one-half  the 
width  of  the  valve,  the  whole  anterior  lobe  of  the  valve  being  occupied  by  it ; 
in  the  cast  it  is  nearly  as  broad  near  the  beak  as  at  the  front.  The  surface  of 
the  valve  curves  regularly  and  quite  strongly  from  the  beak  to  the  front  mar- 
gin ;  from  each  side  it  curves  rapidly  upward  for  about  one-fourth  the  width, 
and  then  descends  gradually  to  form  the  sinus,  which  is  very  slightly  and 
regularly  concave. 

The  dental  plates,  as  indicated  by  the  moulds,  were  very  high  and  thick  be- 
hind, thinning  out  gradually  as  they  advance.  They  are  widely  separated,  the 
distance  between  them  being  nearly  one-third  the  width  of  the  valve,  and  they 
extend  forward,  parallel  with  each  other,  for  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  valve. 

Between  the  dental  plates  in  the  mould  are  indistinct  impressions  of  muscular 
markings,  consisting  of  an  ovate,  slightly  depressed  space,  rounded  behind, 
where  it  is  immediately  enclosed  by  the  dental  plates,  and  gradually  narrow- 
ing to  a  point  anteriorly,  not  extending  as  far  forward  as  the  dental  plates. 
This  impression  seems, however,  too  limited  to  include  all  the  muscular  mark- 
ings of  the  ventral  valve. 

But  one  specimen  of  this  singular  species,  a  cast  of  the  interior 
of  the  ventral  valve,  has  been  found,  and  though  peculiar  in  shape, 
it  appears  to  belong  to  the  genus  Spirifei'a.  The  test  was  very 
heavy,  and,  including  the  dental  plates,  was  much  thickened  by 

BUL.    BUP.    SOC.    NAT.    8CI.  (31)  .lANUART,    1874. 


242 

internal  growth,  while  the  whole  interior  of  the  beak  was  filled  up. 
The  surface  of  the  mould  is  smooth,  and  does  not  enable  us  to 
decide  whether  the  test  was  ornamented  or  plain. 

The  single  specimen  measures  as  follows:  length  about  25 
m.  m.^  breadth  about  34  m.  m.,  height  about  7  m.  m. 

From  the  Devonian  sandstone  of  Erere,  found  with  S.  Pedroana 
and  S.  Elizae.     (Morgan  Expedition  1871.) 

[I  have  named  this  species  in  honor  of  Capitiio  Valente,  of  Monte- 
Alegre,  a  gentleman  to  whom  I  am  under  the  deepest  obligations 
for  hospitality,  and  for  most  important  aid  rendered  me  in  my 
explorations  of  the  Erere-Monte-Alegre  district. — C.  F.  H.] 


CyrtiiiaT  Cimipira,  Bathhun,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  1  aud  6. 

Ventral  valve  unknown.  Dorsal  valve  small,  moderately  or  very  convex, 
and  most  elevated  just  behind  the  middle,  transverse,  sub-semicircular  in  out- 
line, with  the  breadth  nearly  or  quite  twice  the  length,  and  apparently  great- 
est along  the  straight  hinge  line;  but  the  cardinal  extremities  in  all  the 
specimens  are  defective,  making  it  impossible  to  determine  whether  they  are 
angular  or  slightly  rounded.  The  sides  curve  moderateh',  and  the  anterior 
margin  is  nearly  straight  in  front  of  the  fold.  From  the  front,  along  the 
median  line,  the  valve  rises  more  or  less  rapidly,  with  quite  a  strong 
curvature,  for  two-thirds  or  three-fourths  its  length,  aud  then  descends  in  an 
abrupt  curve  to  the  hinge  line,  there  being  no  apparent  beak.  Median  fold 
moderately  elevated  above  the  surface  of  the  valve,  broad,  and  composed  of 
three  plications,  of  which  the  two  outer  ones  are  very  prominent  and  regu- 
larly rounded,  the  median  one  being  broader  but  not  so  high,  and  slightly 
flattened  along  the  top.  The  fold  commences  near  the  hinge  line,  where  it  is 
moderately  broad,  increasing  gradually  in  width  towards  the  front,  but  seldom 
gaining  much  in  height.  The  sides  of  the  valve  slope  off  more  or  less 
abruptly  towards  the  cardinal  angles,  which  are  broadly  flattened.  On  each 
side  there  are  generally  three  rounded  plications,  not  so  large  as  those  on  the 
fold,  and  sometimes  much  depressed ;  they  are  usually  narrower  than  the 
reverse  plications,  and  increase  gradually  in  width  towards  the  margins, 
diminishing,  however,  in  size  towards  the  cardinal  angles,  which  last  are 
smooth. 

At  first  sight,  the  specimens  on  which  the  above  species  is  founded, 
might  be  taken  for  dorsal  valves  of  Vitulina  pustulosa,  with  which 
species  it  is  associated  in  the  Devonian  sandstone  at  Erere;  but,  as  the 
above  description  shows,  it  is  very  different.     "Without  the  ventral 


243 

Yiilvo  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the  genus  accurately;  l)ut  the 
specimens  resemble  closely  the  dorsal  valves  of  a  Cyrtina,  though 
the  fold  is  different  from  that  of  any  described  species.  In  this 
latter  feature  the  species  resembles  Cyrtina?  amblyr/ona,  Phil. 
Subcarb.  Eng.  (Davidson,  Pal.  Soc),  and  I  have  therefore  referred 
it  provisionally  to  the  same  genus.  It  seems  very  strange  that  Avhile 
dorsal  valves  of  C?  Cunq^ira  have  been  found,  not  a  single  ventral 
valve  has  yet  been  detected. 

Prof.  Hall,  who  examined  the  specimens,  thought  that  they  might 
prove  to  be  something  besides  Cyrtina,  but  was  in  doubt  as  to  their 
generic  affinities.  They  have  much  the  appearance  of  a  Spirifera, 
but  one  specimen  seems  to  be  marked,  though  very  indistinctly, 
with  line,  radiating,  raised  lines,  a  character  which  is  unknown  in 
any  Spirifera,  plicated  as  this  one  is.  (Morgan  Expeditions  1870 
and  '71.)  ^ 

It  receives  its  name  from  Kurupira,  Lingoa  Geral,  a  forest  spirit 
of  Tupi  mythology. 


Retzia*  Jamesiaua;  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  33  and  27-38. 

Test  small,  longitudinally  suboval  in  outline,  more  or  less  angular  poste- 
riorly, with  the  greatest  width  near  the  middle.  Proportions  of  length  to 
breadth  variable  ;  breadth  usually  nearly  equal  to,  sometimes  three-fourths  the 
length.  Ventricose,  occasionally  flattened  and  lenticular  ;  ventral  valve  more 
convex  than  the  dorsal.  Beak  of  ventral  valve  extended  beyond  the  dorsal 
valve.    Valves  plicated. 

Ventral  valve  quite  regularly  convex,  the  greatest  elevation  being  at  or  just 
behind  the  middle.  The  curvature  from  the  front  along  the  median  line  is  usu- 
ally very  regular  and  moderately  strong  up  to  the  beak,  along  which  it  is  slightly 
more  abrupt.  From  side  to  side  the  valve  is  very  strongly  convex,  and,  rising 
rapidly  from  the  lateral  margins,  generally  with  slight  curvature,  it  is  regu- 
larly and  well  rounded  on  the  median  line.  Beak  projecting  considerably  beyond 
the  dorsal  valve,  and  rather  strongly  arcuate.  The  posterior  lateral  margins  of 
valve  diverge  at  an  angle,  varying  from  a  little  more  to  a  little  less  than  a 
right  angle  ;  they  may  be  slightly  convex  or  nearly  straight,  but  are  gen- 
erally somewhat  concave  for  a  short  distance,  when  they  bend  round  and  join 
the  lateral  margins,  which,  together  with  the  front,  form  a  regular  curve  equal 
to  a  little  more  than  a  semicircle.     Surface  marked  by  14-20  low,  rounded, 

*  Mr.  R.  P.  Whitfield  writes  me  that  "  the  genus  Rhijnchospira  will  have  to  be  dropped  en- 
tirely, as  Retzia  Adiieni,  Vern.,  appears  to  be  generically  the  same  as  R.fortnosa,  Hall's  typa 
of  Rhynchospira." 


244 

simple,  radiating  plications,  separated  by  slightly  narrower,  rounded  depres- 
sions. The  plications,  which  are  very  distinct  at  the  front,  extend  backwards 
from  one  to  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  valve,  when  they  disappear,  leaving 
the  entire  unbonal  region  smooth.  The  depression,  occupying  the  median 
line,  is  about  twice  as  wide  as  the  others,  but  only  slightly  deeper,  and  extends 
nearer  to  the  beak.  It  is  flattened  along  the  bottom,  and  very  rarely  includes 
a  slight  fold  in  the  middle.  The  plications  on  the  sides  of  the  valve  do  not 
vary  much  in  size,  those  bordering  the  central  depression  being  only  slightly 
larger  than  the  others.  Thin  dental  plates,  starting  on  each  side  of  the  beak, 
and  diverging  but  slightly,  extend  forward  along  the  valve  for  about  one-fifth 
its  length. 

Dorsal  valve  sub-circular  in  outline,  sometimes  a  little  angular  behind, 
more  or  less  depressed-convex,  sometimes  very  much  depressed,  with  the  great- 
est elevation  behind  the  middle.  Beak  sharp,  its  margins  forming  nearly  a 
right  angle,  dej^ressed,  and  appearing  not  to  project  beyond  the  hinge  line. 
The  plications  of  this  valve  correspond  in  number  and  character  to  those  of 
the  opposite  valve,  being  distinct  on  the  front,  while  the  posterior  part  of  the 
valve  is  smooth.  The  plication  occupying  the  median  line  is  slightly  enlarged, 
corresponding  to  the  median  depression  in  the  ventral  valve.  It  is  flattened 
on  the  top,  scarcely  more  prominent  than  other  plications,  but  extending 
nearer  to  the  beak. 

The  largest  specimen  obtained,  a  ventral  valve,  measures,  length  11m.  m., 
breadth  10  m.  m.,  height  3  m.  m. 

This  species  occurs  very  abundantly  in  the  Devonian  sandstone 
at  Erere,  associated  with  Streptorliynclius  Agassizii,  etc.  The  area, 
deltidium  and  loop,  are  not  preserved,  but  from  external  features  it 
appears  to  approacli  more  nearly  to  Retzia  {Rhyncliospira)  lejiida, 
Hall,  Hamilton  group,  than  any  other  species;  but  I  have  no  speci- 
mens for  comparison.  In  ornamentation  it  resembles  Retzia  radia- 
Us,  Phil.,  Carb.,  Eng.  The  plications  in  R.  Jamesiana,  however, 
are  smaller,  but  the  median  plication  on  the  dorsal  valve,  and  the 
corresponding  sinus  on  the  ventral  valve,  are  enlarged  as  in  R. 
radicdis. 

The  extension  of  the  dental  plates  to  the  bottom  of  the  ventral 
valve  in  the  new  species,  is  very  distinctly  shown  in  some  of  the 
interior  moulds,  a  character  which,  hitherto,  has  seldom  been  found 
in  any  species  of  Retzia ;  but  it  is  not  safe  to  decide  on  its  A'alue 
until  the  interior  of  Retzia  is  better  known.  (Morgan  Exj)editious 
1870  and  '71.) 

[In  dedicating  this  species  to  my  old  friend,  Maj.  0.  C.  James,  of 
Rio  do  Janeiro,  I  desire  to  express  my  deep  feeling  of  gratitude,  for 


245 

hi,-^  generous  aid  towards  fitting  out  lluvc  difTerent  expeditions  to 
Brazil,  and  for  his  constant,  Avarm  sympathy  with  my  scientific  pur- 
suits.—C.  F.  II.] 


lietziil  IVardiana,  Ilavtt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  2-5,  8,  9,  11,  12,  14  and  IG. 

Test  small,  double  convex,  more  or  less  ventricose,  the  ventral  valve  being 
usually  the  more  convex  ;  longitudinally  suboval,  slightly  angular  behind  ; 
usually  a  little  longer  than  wide,  though  the  width  sometimes  equals  the 
length,  greatest  width  near  the  middle  ;  whole  surface  finely  plicated. 

Ventral  valve  most  convex  near  the  center,  curving  regularly  and  moder- 
ately, sometimes  quite  strongly,  from  beak  to  front,  and  very  strongly  from 
side  to  side.  Beak  more  or  less  pointed  and  slightly  incurved.  Posterior  lat- 
eral margins  of  valve  straight,  slightly  convex  or  concave,  including  an 
angle  equal  to,  or  a  little  more  than,  90  degrees.  The  front  and  lateral  mar- 
gins together  form  a  little  more  than  a  semicircle.  The  bases  of  the  dental 
plates  are  parallel  and  extend  very  slightly  forward,  the  distance  between 
them  being  nearly  one-fourth  the  width  of  the  valve. 

Dorsal  valve  nearly  circular  in  outline,  sometimes  a  little  elongate,  generally 
slightly  and  regularly  convex,  the  beak  being  much  depressed. 

Each  valve  is  ornamented  by  from  14-20  (in  one  case  22,)  simple,  narrow, 
rounded,  or  subangular,  very  prominent,  radiating  plications  which  extend 
over  the  whole  surface,  being  traceable  from  the  beak,  where  they  are  very 
narrow,  to  the  front,  towards  which  they  gradually  increase  in  width  and  prom- 
inence. These  plications  do  not  differ  much  in  size,  being  only  a  little  smaller 
towards  the  lateral  margins  than  in  the  middle.  The  depressions  separating 
the  plications  are  narrower  than  they,  and  rounded  or  angular. 

A  medium  sized  ventral  valve  measures,  length  10  m.  m.,  breadth  8  m.  m., 
thickness  about  3  m.  m. 

This  species  occurs  quite  abundantly  in  the  Devonian  sandstones 
of  Erere,  associated  with  R.  Jamesiana,  which  last  is,  however,  much 
more  common.  The  two  species  resemble  one  another  closely  in 
size  and  general  form,  but  they  differ  totally  in  ornamentation, 
the  difference  being  so  marked  that  the  species  are  readily  distin- 
guished, even  by  fragments  of  valves;  moreover,  no  intermediate 
forms  have  been  observed.  R.  Jamesiana  always  has  low,  indistinct 
plications  not  extending  to  the  beak,  while  those  of  i\\Q  species  just 
described  are  always  very  prominent,  extending  from  the  beak  to  the 
front.  The  enlarged  median  plication  and  depression  are  also  a 
constant  character  of  R.  Jamesiana.  (Morgan  Expeditions  1870 
and  'tl.) 


246 

[I  have  attached  to  this  pretty  species  the  name  of  my  old  friend, 
Mr.  Thos.  "Ward,  the  explorer,  of  the  Tocautins  on  the  Thayer  ex- 
pedition, and  one  to  whom  I  am  under  a  deep  debt  of  gratitude  for 
aid  in  my  first  journey  to  the  Amazonas  in  1870. — C.  F.  H.] 


Rliyuchonella  (Steuocisma)  dotis,  Hall,  (Palaeontology  of  New  York,  Vol. 
IV,  p.  344,)  Plate  VIII,  figs.  10  and  12. 

Of  the  Erere  form  the  ventral  valve  is  unknown. 

Dorsal  valve  rather  below  the  medium  size,  of  moderate  convexity,  which  is 
stronger  towards  the  front,  quite  flattened  near  the  middle  ;  slightly  trans- 
verse with  the  greatest  width  midway  between  the  beak  and  the  front ;  very 
short-ovate  in  outline,  slightly  truncate  in  front,  and  angular  behind.  The 
nearly  straight  posterior  lateral  margins  diverge  at  an  angle  of  about  110  de- 
grees, and  extend  less  than  one-third  the  length  of  the  valve,  the  lateral  mar- 
gins rounding  quite  strongly  and  regularly  to  the  edge  of  the  fold,  in  front  of 
which  the  margin  is  nearly  straight.  From  the  depressed  beak  the  valve  rises 
quite  abruptly  for  a  short  distance  along  the  median  line,  and  then  continues 
with  a  very  gentle  curve,  or  nearlj^  straight,  to  the  front.  On  each  side,  it 
rounds  up  strongly  for  one-fourth  the  width  or  more,  and  is  nearly  flat  in  the 
middle.  The  mesial  fold  commences  just  anterior  to  the  middle,  and  increases 
very  gradually  in  width,  being  but  slightly  prominent  at  the  front.  The 
valve  has  about  16  plications,  of  which  four  occupy  the  fold.  The  plications 
are  prominent,  varying  in  width,  being  usually  rounded  near  the  middle  of  the 
valve,  but  becoming  angular  towards  the  sides,  with  the  reverse  plications 
generally  narrower.  The  first  one  or  two  on  each  side  next  the  fold  extend 
nearly  directly  from  the  beak  to  the  margin,  the  others,  in  succession,  curving 
more  and  more  strongly  outward  toward  the  lateral  margins,  and  decreasing  in 
size,  those  on  the  extreme  sides  being  very  small  and  angular.  A  narrow  sep- 
tum extends  forward  from  the  beak,  for  about  one-third  the  length  of  the 
valve. 

The  most  perfect  specimen  measures,  length  11  m.  m.,  breadth  13  m.  m., 
height  about  3.5  m.  m.,  width  of  fold  in  front  about  5  m.  m. 

This  small  species  of  Rliyncliondla  is  probably  identical  with  R. 
dotis,  Hall,  Hamilton  group,  N.  Y.  The  specimens  from  New 
York  vary  much  in  the  character  of  the  plications,  which  are  some- 
times very  angular,  and  at  others  well  rounded.  In  the  Brazilian 
specimens,  so  far  obtained,  the  plications  are  of  an  intermediate 
character. 

From  the  Devonian  sandstone  of  Erere,  Prov.  do  Para,  Brazil, 
obtained  with  Strcptorhijnchus  Agassizii,  Retzia  Jamesiana,  etc. 
(Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 


247 

Ortlus  Ncttoana,  Ratlibun,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  7,  10  and  13. 

Test  very  small,  with  the  valves  uncciually  convex.  Ventral  valvft  sub-cir- 
cular in  outline  and  longer  than  the  dorsal,  owing  to  the  greater  extension  of 
the  beak.  Dorsal  valve  broadly  sub-elliptical  in  outline,  slightly  straightened 
posteriorly,  with  the  breadth  greatest  across  the  middle,  and  about  one  and 
one-fourth  the  length.  Breadth  at  hinge  line  apparently  about  two-thirds  the 
greatest  width  of  the  test ;  cardinal  extremities  rounded  ;  both  valves  marked 
with  very  line  radiating  raised  lines. 

Ventral  valve  very  convex,  and  most  prominent  just  behind  the  middle. 
From  the  beak,  which  is  elevated  and  acute,  the  surface  of  the  valve  curves 
slightly  upwards,  and  then  slopes  to  the  front  with  a  regular  and  gentle  curve. 
Towards  the  sides  the  slope  is  more  abrupt  and  slightly  convex.  Hinge  area 
rather  high,  triangular,  with  a  large  fissure. 

Dorsal  valve  slightly  convex,  lyoadly  flattened  in  the  middle,  and  often  more 
or  less  depressed  along  the  median  line,  in  a  wide,  undefined  sinus,  extending 
two-thirds  the  length  of  the  valve  or  more  from  the  front,  with  its  width  in 
front  one-third  to  one-half  the  greatest  width  of  the  valve.     Beak  depressed. 

The  impressions  of  the  dental  lamellae  in  the  ventral  valve  diverge  slightly 
in  extending  forward,  the  distance  between  them  being  about  one-fifth  to  one- 
fourth  the  width  of  the  valve,  and  their  length,  about  one-fourth  that  of  the 
valve.     The  socket  plates  in  the  dorsal  valve  left  similar  impressions. 

The  raised  lines,  ornamenting  the  valves,  are  exceedingly  fine,  rounded  and 
thread-like,  closely  arranged  together,  and  seem  to  increase  both  by  intercala- 
tion and  bifurcation. 

The  largest  ventral  valve  measures,  length  and  breadth,  each  about  G  m.  m., 
height  nearly  2  m.  m.  The  largest  dorsal  valve  has  a  breadth  of  7.5  m.  m., 
a  length  of  about  5  m.  m.,  and  a  height  of  nearly  1  m.  m. 

This  is  a  very  small  species  of  Ortliis,  being  of  about  the  same 
size  as  Ortliis  lepidus  of  the  Hamilton  group,  but  differing  totally 
from  it  in  shape.  It  can  be  easily  distinguished  from  the  young  of 
Streptorhynchus  Agassizii,  with  which  it  is  associated,  by  the  much 
finer  radiating,  raised  lines,  and  by  the  extension  forward  of  the 
dental  plates  in  the  ventral  valve,  and  the  socket  plates  in  the  dorsal 
valve. 

From  the  Devonian  sandstone  of  Erere,  where  it  is  moderately 
abundant,     (Morgan  Expeditions  18T0  and  '71.) 

Dedicated  to  Dr.  Ladislau  J^etto,  the  distinguished  director  of  the 
Muzeu  Nacional  at  Eio  de  Janeiro. 


248 

StreptorhyncliHS  Agassizii,  Uartt,  sp.  uov.,  Plate  IX,  figs.  3,  4,  10, 16, 17, 

23,  25,  26  and  28-30. 

Test  small  or  of  moderate  size,  never  very  large,  transverse,  double  convex, 
or  with  the  ventral  valve  sometimes  slightly  and  irregularly  flattened,  or  even 
concave  towards  the  front.  Valves  subequally  convex,  varying  much  in  out- 
line; sometimes  unsymmetrical ;  often  circular,  with  the  sides  and  front  forming 
a  segment  of  a  more  or  less  perfect  circle,  embracing  two-thirds  to  three- 
fourths  the  diameter ;  in  some  cases  sub-elliptical ;  seldom  transversely  ob- 
long. Greatest  width  at  or  a  little  behind  the  middle.  Cardinal  extremities 
rounded  or  obtusely  angular,  but  in  a  single  known  instance  slightly  extended 
into  mucronate  points.  Proportions  of  length  to  width  about  as  2  to  3,  3  to  4, 
or  3  to  5.  Hinge  line  straight, beak  of  ventral  valve  elevated  and  pointed,  that  of 
dorsal  valve  being  depressed  and  broadened.  In  size,  the  test  varies  from  very 
young  and  small  to  21  m.m.  long,  by  33  m.  m.  broad,  and  one  unusual  speci- 
men measures  29  m.m.  long  by  40  m.m.  broad.  Surface  ornamented  with 
very  fine  raised  lines. 

Ventral  valve  most  prominent  at,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  beak.  Ex- 
tremity of  beak  generally  elevated  above  the  rest  of  the  valve,  with  the 
surface  of  the  valve  sloping  more  or  less  irregularly  towards  the  sides 
and  front,  and  either  straight,  slightly  concave  or  somewhat  convex;  or 
the  beak  may  be  a  little  depressed,  the  surface  rising  from  it  for  a  short  dis- 
tance, and  then  continuing  to  the  front  and  sides  as  in  the  former  case.  In  a 
few  exceptional  instances,  the  valve  is  regularly  and  strongly  convex,  from  the 
beak  nearly  to  the  front ;  but  the  general  tendency  in  all  specimens  is,  for  the 
surface  to  flatten  out  toward  the  front  and  sides.  Beak  acute,  seldom  per- 
fectly symmetrical,  generally  bent  a  little  to  one  side  or  the  other,  or  slightly 
twisted  ;  never  extending  much  beyond  the  hinge  area,  and  incurving  but  little. 
Hinge  area  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  hinge  line,  of  moderate  width,  trian- 
angular,  inclined  backward,  and  with  the  cardinal  margins  acutely  angular. 
The  area  is  never  symmetrical  in  outline,  and  its  form  varies  as  the  beak  is 
bent  or  twisted.  The  cardinal  margins  are  generally  concave,  though  they 
vary  in  degree  of  curvature  in  the  same  specimen,  and  may  be  slightly  con- 
vex on  one  side  of  the  beak,  and  concave  on  the  other.  In  extending  towards 
the  cardinal  extremities,  they  generally  bend  more  or  less  abruptly  towards 
the  hinge  line,  sometimes  approaching  quite  near  to  it  at  some  distance  from 
the  extremities,  so  that  the  hinge  area  may  be  very  narrow  at  the  sides,  and 
appear  as  if  quite  short.  The  surface  of  the  valve  sometimes  arch(;s  up  quite 
rapidly  on  the  sides,  from  the  cardinal  margins,  for  a  short  distance.  Fissure 
of  moderate  size,  triangular,  the  width  at  base  equal  to  or  slightly  exceeding 
the  height,  covered  by  a  very  convex  deltidium.  The  impressions  of  the  den- 
tal plates  in  the  internal  moulds  are  visible  only  on  the  hinge  area,  at  the 
sides  of  the  fissure,  appearing  as  shallow  depressions  not  extending  forward 
into  the  valve. 


24'.) 

Dorsal  valve  more  syniiuotrical  than  tlie  ventral,  the  convexity  being  either 
moderate,  or  strong  and  reguhir,  though  sometimes  the  valve  ia  more  or  les3 
depressed-convex,  or  flattened  in  the  middle,  often  with  a  tendency  to  forma 
shallow,  undefined  depression  or  sinus,  commencing  a  short  distance  in  front 
of  the  beak,  and  extending  towards  the  front  margin,  broadening  gradually  at 
the  same  time.  This  sinus  ia  found  only  in  the  more  depressed  specimens, 
and,  when  deepest,  it  forms  only  a  slight  undulation  of  the  surface.  The  valve 
is  most  prominent  at  or  posterior  to  the  middle  ;  in  the  former  case,  the  curve 
from  the  depressed  beak  to  the  front  is  very  regular,  but  in  tlie  latter  case,  it 
arches  up  somewhat  rapidly  from  tlie  beak,  and  then  slopes  off  more  gradually 
towards  the  anterior  margin.  Across  the  middle  of  the  valve,  from  side  to 
side,  the  curve  is  seldom  regular,  the  surface  generally  rises  with  but  little 
curvature  for  a  varying  distance  from  the  margin,  and  then  extends  straight 
across  the  center,  or,  if  the  specimen  have  a  sinus,  it  is  there  slightly  de- 
pressed. The  cardinal  extremities  are  more  or  less  flattened,  and  this  flattened 
area  sometimes  extends  along  the  cardinal  margins,  narrowing  to  a  point  near 
the  beak.  A  line  from  the  cardinal  extremities  to  the  middle  of  the  valve, 
forms  a  slight  sigmoid  curve.  Beak  depressed  and  not  extending  behind  the 
hinge  line,  which  is  straight,  and,  in  a  single  instance,  slightly  extended  be- 
yond the  sides  of  the  valve.  Cardinal  process  small,  thin,  bitid  above,  with  the 
two  small  processes  on  each  side  projecting  backwards.  A  small  projection  in 
the  center  below,  extends  a  little  forward  and  towards  the  ventral  valve. 
Socket  plates  short,  thin,  very  divergent,  forming  an  angle  of  about  135 
degrees. 

The  surface  of  both  valves  is  marked  by  very  fine,  rounded,  thread-like  or 
sharp,  raised  lines,  increasing  in  number  by  intercalation,  and  probably  in 
some  cases  by  bifurcation  also.  The  interspaces  are  slightly  flattened  and 
broader  than  the  lines.  One  set  of  raised  lines  commences  at  the  beak  and 
extends  to  the  margin,  each  line  being  exceedingly  minute  at  the  beak,  but 
increasing  very  gradually-  in  size.  The  intercalating  lines  generally  begin  to 
come  in  posterior  to  the  middle,  and  thence,  to  the  front  and  sides,  new  ones 
are  continually  being  added,  until  the  number  at  the  margin  is  about  double 
that  near  the  beak,  there  being  generally  but  one  intercalating  line  for  every 
interspace  commencing  at  the  beak.  In  some  specimens  concentric  lines  of 
growth  are  faintly  preserved. 

There  seems  to  be  no  limit  to  the  degree  of  variiitiou  which  a 
species  of  Sireptorhynchus  may  assume.  It  may  be  symmetrical  in 
some  specimens  and  u asymmetrical  in  others.  The  margins  may 
differ  much  in  outline,  and  the  hinge  area  vary  in  width  from  a 
few  lines  to  several  inches.  The  beak  may  or  may  not  be  extended, 
and  (uriK'd  and  twisted  to  an  enormous  extent,  and  the  surface 
markings  may  be  fine  or  coarse.     Tints  Ave  have  no  limited  and 

Bl'L.  BfF,  SOC.  N.\T.  SCI.  (32)  .TANUART,  1874. 


250 

definite  characters,  on  wliicli  to  form  species,  and  it  is  only  by  com- 
paring together  very  large  collections  of  specimens,  that  we  are 
enabled  to  determine  specific  relations, 

Davidson  is  inclined  to  acknowledge  hnt  one  species  of  Streptor- 
hynchus  from  the  Devonian  and  Carbon  iferons  of  Europe,  and  Prof. 
Hall  has  also  united  the  numerous  Devonian  forms  of  America 
under  one  specific  name.  But  from  the  descriptions  given  by  these 
two  noted  Palaeontologists,  and  from  the  specimens  at  command 
for  comparison,  there  seems  to  be  as  much  difference  between  the 
Erere  forms,  and  ;S'.  crenistria  or  Chemungcnsis,  as  exists  between 
the  latter  two  species  themselves. 

In  S.  Agassizii  the  raised  lines  are  always  very  fine,  regular,  and, 
almost  without  exception,  arranged  closely  together.  The  beak  is 
never  much  extended,  twisted  or  turned  to  the  side,  and  the  hinge 
area  retains  about  the  same  width  in  all  the  specimens,  never  being 
wide,  while  altogether  the  test  is  never  very  uusymmetrical. 

It  is  true  that  these  characters  may  seem  to  be  varietal,  but  they 
obtain  through  all  the  specimens  collected  at  Erere,  which  amount 
to  over  500  in  number,  more  or  less  perfectly  preserved,  all  of  which 
have  been  carefully  compared  with  one  another, 

Devonian  sandstone  of  Erere,    (Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 

[This  species,  the  most  common  of  the  Erere  fossils,  I  have  ded- 
icated to  my  honored  teacher,  Prof,  Agassiz. — C,  F.  H,] 


Chonetes  Coiustockii,  Uavtt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  IX,  figs.  5,  14,  18,  19  and  31. 

Test  rather  above  the  medium  size,  depressed-concavo-convex,  transverse, 
with  the  breadth  one  and  one-half  to  one  and  three-fourths  the  length,  and 
greatest  along  the  hinge  which  is  straight.  The  cardinal  extremities  are 
acutely  angular,  and,  though  always  defective,  are  sometimes  probably 
slightly  produced,  as  is  shown  by  the  lines  of  growth  on  one  or  two  speci- 
mens. The  outline  is  somewhat  sub-quadrate ;  the  lateral  margins,  slightly 
rounded,  extend  forward,  nearly  parallel  with  one  another,  for  about  one-half 
the  length  of  valve,  Avlien  they  bend  rapidly  round  to  unite  with  the  anterior 
margin,  the  outline  of  which  is  more  or  less  gently  convex. 

Ventral  valve  very  slightly  convex,  generally  most  prominent  just  posterior 
to  the  center,  whence  it  slopes  with  slight  curvature  to  the  front,  the  curve 
from  the  same  point  to  the  beak  being  naore  rapid.  Across  the  valve,  from 
side  to  side,  the  curvature  is  gentle  and  more  or  less  regular,  the  sides  towards 
the  cardinal  angles  being  usually  more  or  less,  sometimes  very  much,  flattened. 


251 

Beak  very  small,  depressed  to  aud  hardly  projcctinji;  beyond  the  hinge  area, 
which  is  narrow,  linear,  and  apparently  as  long  as  the  hinge  line.  Median  .sep- 
tiHU  iu  the  interior  very  small  and  short,  about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the 
valve.  Associated  with  one  of  the  interior  moulds,  is  the  impression  of  a  single 
spine,  which  is  nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  valve,  very  slender,  and  about 
the  same  size  throughout  the  part  preserved. 

Dorsal  valve  imperfectly  known.  In  the  collection  from  Erere  is  a  single 
interior  mould  of  the  dorsal  valve  of  a  Chonetes,  that  appears  to  belong  to  this 
species.  It  is  slightly  concave,  but  the  margins  are  broken  away.  The  cardi- 
nal process  is  only  sufficiently  preserved  to  show  that  it  is  divided  through 
the  middle,  and  extends  inwards  and  slightly  backwards.  The  median  septum 
is  faintly  indicated,  as  are  also  the  backward  extensions  of  the  vascular  impres- 
sions near  to  it  on  each  side.     The  muscular  impressions  are  not  preserved. 

There  is  the  exterior  mould  of  the  dorsal  valve  of  another  and  a  much  larger 
specimen,  which  probably  also  belongs  to  this  same  species.  It  measures  38 
m.  m.  in  breadth  by  about  21  m.  m.in  length,  and  is  proportionately  more  con- 
vex than  the  other  specimens,  but  the  outline  appears  to  be  the  same.  The 
surface  markings  are  not  preserved.  The  impression  of  the  hinge  area  of  the 
ventral  valve  lies  behind  it,  showing,  that,  when  the  specimen  was  imbedded, 
the  two  valves  were  joined  together.  At  the  fissure,  which  is  small  and  trian- 
gular, the  area  is  2  m.  m.  broad,  but  it  narrows  gradually  towards  the  cardinal 
angles.     It  lies  nearly  in  the  same  plane  as  the  margins  of  the  dorsal  valve. 

The  test  is  marked  with  very  fine  raised  lines,  which  are  low  and  rounded, 
but,  from  their  imperfect  preservation,  the  manner  in  which  they  increase  in- 
number  can  not  be  determined.  There  are  about  fifteen  of  the  lines  within  a 
space  of  5  m.  m.  near  the  front. 

Two  ventral  valves  measure  as  follows:  length  17  m.  m.,  breadth  2G  m.  m., 
depth  nearly  3  m.  m.;  aud  12  m.  m  ,  21  m.  m.  aud  about  2  m.  m. 

This  is  a  pretty  sjoecies,  resembling  much  Chonetes  coronata, 
Con.  Hamilton  group,  New  York  and  AVestern  States ;  but  it  differs 
from  that  species  in  having  longer  spines,  not  extending  so  ob- 
liquely backward. 

Moderately  abundant  in  the  Devonian  sandstone  of  Ercre,  asso- 
ciated with  Strejdorhijnchus  Agassizii,Vitulina jjustulosa,  etc. 

[Named  in  honor  of  Prof.  T.  B.  Comstock,  photogTaphcr  to  tlie 
Morgan  Expedition  in  1870.-0.  F.  II.] 


Chonetes  Herbert-Smitliii,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  39-42  and  44-47. 

Test  small,  concavo-convex,  transverse,  semi-oval  or  broadly  semi-elliptical 
in  outline.  Widtli  greatest  at  the  hinge  line,  aud  equal  to  about  one  and  one- 
third  the   length.     Cardinal   extremities   forming   nearly  right  angles ;   the 


2o2 

lateral  margins,  nearly  straight,  or  gently  convex,  extending  forward  one-half 
the  length  of  the  valve  or  more,  and  then  forming,  with  the  anterior  margin,  a 
very  regular  curve  around  the  front. 

Ventral  valve  moderately  convex,  usually  with  the  greatest  elevation  just 
behind  the  middle,  whence,  with  a  regular  curve,  it  slopes  more  or  less  rapidly 
to  the  front.  Towards  the  beak  it  carves  quite  abruptly,  while  across  the 
middle  the  curvature  is  moderately  strong  and  regular.  In  a  few  instances, 
however,  the  valve  is  most  prominent  in  the  middle.  The  sides  curve  slightly 
inwards  towards  the  cardinal  angles,  which  are  flattened  or  slightly  reflected, 
making  the  curve  thence  to  the  center  of  the  valve  slightly  sigmoidal.  Beak 
much  depressed,  with  the  small,  acute  apex  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the 
hinge  area.  Septum  small  and  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  valve.  The 
number  and  length  of  the  spines  is  unknown.  The  impressions  of  a  portion 
of  two  of  them  are  preserved,  with  the  exterior  mould  of  one  specimen ; 
these  are  slender,  and  diverge  obliquely  outwards  from  the  cardinal  margin, 
their  length  being  about  one-fourth  that  of  the  valve. 

Dorsal  valve  varying  from  moderately  to  very  slightly  concave,  most  de- 
pressed towards  the  front,  and  rising  gradually  towards  the  hinge  line,  along 
which,  and  at  the  cardinal  angles,  the  valve  is  often  flattened. 

The  raised  lines,  with  which  the  valve  is  ornamented,  are  small  and  rounded, 

and  increase  very  slightly  in  size  towards  the  front,  where  they  number  from 

15  to  23  or  more.     But  from  the  imperfect  preservation  of  the  moulds  in  the 

sandstone,  the  Hues  are  always  obliterated  on  the  sides  and  the  posterior  part 

'of  the  test,  while,  in  many  cases,  the  whole  test  is  thus  rendered  smooth. 

One  specimen  of  ordinary  average  size  measures  7  m.  m.  in  length,  9.5  m.  m. 
in  breadth,  and  2  m.  m.  in  height. 

This  species,  in  its  typical  forms,  seems  to  be  related  to  Ch.  ar- 
mata,  Bouch.,  Dev.  Inf.,  Boulonuais,  France,  with  specimens  of 
"which  I  have  very  carefully  compared  it.  The  Brazilian  species  is, 
however,  a  variable  one,  and  the  radiating  lines  are  always  coarser, 
and,  when  well  preserved,  are  more  prominent  than  in  C.  armata. 
The  ventral  valve  of  C.  armata  is  also  generally  more  elevated. 

The  specimens  of  C.  Herbert- SmWiii,  on  Avhich  the  ornamenta- 
tion is  well  preserved,  resemble  somewhat  in  general  appearance 
both  C.  dejlecta,  Hall,  and  C.  laticosta,  Hall,  of  the  Corniferons  and 
Hamilton  groups;  but  a  close  examination  shows  that,  in  shape,  the 
Erere  species  differs  entirely  from  those  of  New  York.  The  beak 
of  the  foraier  species  is  always  much  depressed,  while  in  the  latter 
it  is  prominent,  the  whole  nmbonal  region  of  the  test  being  much 
elevated. 


253 

Obtained  from  the  Devonian  sandstone  of  Erere,  "where  it  is  very 
abnndaut,  occnrring  with  Vitulina  pnshiloHci,  Spirifera  Pedroana, 
Retzla,  etc.     (Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 

Named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Herbert  II.  Smith,  one  of  the  assistants 
on  the  Morgan  Exjiedition  of  1870. 


Clionetes  Onettiana,  Ratlibun,  sp.  nov.,  Plate  X,  figs.  43  and  48. 

Test  below  medium  size,  gibbous,  transverse,  serai-elliptical  in  outline,  with 
tlie  width  probably  greatest  along  the  hinge  line,  and  equal  to  about  one  and 
one-third  or  one  and  cue-fourth  the  length  ;  anterior  margin  not  very  strongly 
rounded. 

The  ventral  valve  is  very  convex,  being  well  rounded  from  the  beak  to  the 
front;  most  prominent  at  or  just  in  front  of  the  middle,  where  it  is  very 
slightly  flattened.  The  valve  rises  more  or  less  rapidly  from  the  sides,  in  a 
curve  which  becomes  a  little  straightened  across  the  middle.  The  sides  are 
somewhat  flattened  towards  the  cardinal  angles,  which  last  are  slightly 
reflected.  Beak  small,  depressed,  with  the  minute  apex  projecting  but  slightly 
beyond  the  hinge  line.  Median  septum  small  and  well  defined,  about  one- 
fourth  as  long  as  the  valve. 

Dorsal  valve  unknown. 

The  interior  moulds  are  ornamented  with  fine,  radiating,  raised  lines,  but 
very  indistinctly  preserved  on  the  specimens  obtained.  Length  11  m.  m., 
breadth  about  15  m.  m. 

From  C.  Ilcrhert-Smitliii  this  species  is  easily  distinguished,  by  its 
larger  size  and  the  finer  radiating  lines.  It  may  prove  to  be  a 
variety  of  C.  scitula,  Hall,  Hamilton  gronp,  New  York,  but 
the  specimens  of  C.  Onettiana  are  larger  than  those  of  C.  scitula, 
and  differ  from  them  in  many  details. 

Associated  with  Siyirifera  Pedroana,  etc.,  in  the  Devonian  sand- 
stone of  Erere.     (Morgan  Expedition  of  1871.) 

Dedicated,  at  Prof.  Ilartt's  suggestion,  to  Senhor  Onetti  of 
Monte-Alegre,  to  whom  he  is  much  indebted  for  aid  rendered  in 
his  Expeditions  of  1870  and  1871. 


Cboiictes    ,  Plate  IX,  fig.  24. 

There  was  obtained  from  Erere,  a  single  specimen  of  a  ventral  valve  of  Clio- 
netes, of  about  the  same  size  as  the  last  species  described,  which  dillers  from 
it,  however,  both  in  shape  and  in  ornamentation. 


2o4 

Ventral  valve  below  medium  size,  moderately  convex,  transverse,  witli  the 
proportions  of  length  to  breadth  about  as  3  to  4 ;  hinge  line  equal  to  the  great- 
est width  of  test ;  cardinal  extremities  apparently  acute-angular.  The  valve 
is  most  elevated  just  posterior  to  the  middle,  whence  to  the  front  the  surface 
extends  in  a  moderate  slope,  and  is  slightly  curved,  but  towards  the  beak  it  is 
more  strongly  curved.  The  valve  curves  regularly  and  moderately  strongly 
across  the  middle,  becoming  very  slightly  flattened  towards  the  sides.  The 
cardinal  angles  are  also  somewhat  flattened.  The  inner  mould  of  the  valve  is 
marked  by  small,  subangular,  radiating,  raised  lines,  which,  on  the  single 
specimen  obtained,  are  only  preserved  towards  the  margins.  The  lines  are 
separated  by  rounded  depressions  of  equal  or  slightly  greater  width.  Length 
of  specimen  9  m.  m.,  width  on  the  hinge  line  13  m.  m. 

This  specimen  of  Chonetes  is  uudoubtedly  different  from  any  of 
tlie  three  species  of  6% owefes,  described  in  the  preceding  pages;  but 
since  only  a  single  specimen  has  been  found,  and  that  is  not  a  very 
perfect  one,  I  have  thought  it  best  not  to  gi\'e  it  a  name  until  better 
material  has  been  obtained  for  illustrating  the  species. 


Tropidoloptiis  cariuatusj  Con.  {Sp)  Plate  IX,  figs.  1  and  9,  and  Plate  X, 
fig.  26. 

StropJiomena  carinata,  Con.  Ann.  G.  R.  of  N.  Y.,  1839,  p.  64. 

Leptaena  laticosta,  Hall,  1843. 

Leptaena  laticosta,  of  Owen  and  others. 

Tropidoleptus  carinatus,  Hall,  10th  Rep.  St.  Cab.  N.  Y.,  1857,  p.  151, 

Genus  Tropidoleptus,  Hall,  12th  Rep.  St.  Cab.  N.  Y.,  1859,  p.  31. 

Leptaena  laticosta,  of  several  European  geologists. 

Description  of  Erere  forms : 

Test  of  medium  size,  plano-convex,  transverse^  semi-elliptical  in  outline, 
sometimes  slightly  straightened  in  front,  with  the  breadth  about  one  and  a 
third  to  one  and  a  half  times  the  length,  and  greatest  along  the  hinge  line 
which  is  straight.     Cardinal  angles  slightly  acute.     Surface  plicate. 

Ventral  valve  moderately  convex,  most  elevated  midway  between  the  beak 
and  the  center,  whence  it  curves  rapidly  backwards,  sloping  to  the  anterior 
margin  along  the  middle  with  a  very  gentle  curvature.  From  the  flattened  car- 
dinal angles,  the  surface  rises  gradually  on  each  side,  being  slightly  concave  for 
a  varying  distance  (one-half  the  width  of  the  side  or  less),  when  it  curves  regu- 
larly across  the  median  line,  very  strongly  on  the  posterior  half,  but  less  and 
less  so  anteriorly.  Tliere  is  thus  formed  behind  the  center  a  sort  of  undefined 
prominence,  that  broadens  raj^idly  towards  the  front,  gradually  flattening  out 
and  blending  with  the  general  curvature  of  the  valve.  Beak  small,  quite 
strongly  arcuate,  and  slightly  extended  beyond  the  hinge  line  in  the  interior 


moulds.  Hinge  aroa  very  narrow,  with  tlie  cardinal  margins  concave.  Dental 
lamellae  prominent,  placed  at  right  angles  to  one  another. 

Dorsal  valve  llat  or  very  slightly  concave,  represented  by  only  a  single  frag- 
mentary specimen,  preserving  the  interior  processes  in  too  imperfect  a  condi- 
tion for  description. 

On  each  valve  there  are  about  14  to  16  low,  rounded,  often  obscure,  radiating 
plications,  of  medium  size,  generally  broader  than  the  reverse  plications, 
though  frequently  equaling  them  in  width.  They  are  smaller,  and  sometimes 
more  distinct  near  the  beak  than  at  the  front,  the  cardinal  angles  and  the  sides 
being  always  smooth  for  a  greater  or  less  width,  while  the  front  is  frequently 
nearly  smooth. 

One  ventral  valve  measures  as  follows:  Length,  14  m.  m.,  breadth,  21 
m.  m.,  height,  about  3  m.  m. ;  another,  14  m.  m.,  18  m.  m.,  and  about  3  m.  m. 

It  is  impossible  to  separate  the  specimens  of  Tropidolejjtns  of 
Erere,  from  those  forms  of  TropidoJeptus  carinatus  of  Xew  York, 
which  are  not  carinate  along  the  median  line. 

Obtained  with  S.  Fedroaiia,  etc.,  from  the  Devonian  sandstone 
of  Erere,  where  it  is  moderately  abnndant.  (Morgan  Expedition 
1871.) 

Yituliua  pustulosa,  UaU.  Plate  IX,  figs.  2,  6-8,  11-13,  15,  20,  21,  27  and  32. 

VituUna  pustulosa,  Hall,  13th  Rep.  St.  Cab.  N.  Y.,  1860,  p.  82. 
Vitalina  pustulosa.  Hall,  Pal.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  410. 

The  test  of  the  Erere  forms  is  of  moderate  size,  with  the  ventral  valve  very 
convex,  and  the  dorsal  valve  fiat  or  very  slightly  convex;  transverse,  the 
breadth  varying  from  one  and  one-fourth  to  one  and  one-half  times  the  length, 
and  greatest  at  or  just  anterior  to  the  hinge  line,  which  last  is  straight.  Cardi- 
nal extremiti«s  usually  subangular  in  young  specimens,  but  becoming  rounded 
in  the  larger  and  full  grown  ones.  Lateral  and  anterior  margins  forming  to- 
gether a  very  broad,  semi-elliptical  curve,  which  is  slightly  flattened  along  the 
front  of  the  test. 

Ventral  valve  most  prominent  at  or  just  posterior  to  the  middle,  and  fur- 
nished with  a  median  fold,  more  or  less  elevated  above  the  surface  of  the 
valve,  and  formed  of  two,  rounded,  prominent  plications,  each  of  which  is 
very  small  where  it  commences  at  the  beak,  and  increases  rather  rapidly  in 
size  towards  the  front.  The  plications  are  separated  by  a  rounded  or  slightly 
flattened,  and  generally  well  defined  reverse  plication,  and  each  slopes  more  or 
less  abruptly  on  the  outer  side,  to  a  still  larger  reversed  plication,  beyond 
which  the  sides  of  the  valve  slope  to  the  lateral  margins  with  little  or  no 
curvature,  generally  making  the  valve  somewhat  broadly  subcarinate  along 
the  median  line.  The  fold  increases  very  gradually  in  height  from  the  beak, 
and  the  curve  along  its  top    is  generally   quite  strong,  sometimes  becoming 


256 

sliglitly  straigliteued  towards  the  front.  Beak  small,  acute,  and  but  slightly 
extended  beyond  the  hinge  area,  of  which  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the 
exact  size  and  shape,  since  it  is  iuv^ariably  concealed  by  the  rock. 

Dorsal  valve  Hat,  or  curving  gently  from  the  beak  to  the  front  and  sides, 
with  a  well  defined  sinus  along  the  median  line,  corresponding  with  the  fold  of 
the  ventral  valve,  and  which,  narrow  at  the  beak,  increases  gradually  in  width, 
becoming  moderately  deep  at  the  front.  A  rounded,  prominent  plication  occu- 
pies the  bottom  of  the  sinus,  and  the  margins  curve  up  abruptly  to  form  a 
large  plication  on  each  side. 

There  are  four  or  five,  seldom  six,  broad,  rounded,  plications  on  each  side  of 
the  fold  and  sinus,  separated  by  depressions  of  a  similar  character.  There  is 
a  great  variation  in  the  size  of  the  plications,  which  are  much  larger  in  some 
specimens  than  iu  others.  Those  of  the  ventral  valve  are,  however,  always 
narrower  than  the  intervening  depressions ;  while  on  the  dorsal  valve  the  de- 
pressions are  the  narrower.  The  plications  extend  nearly  directly  from  the 
beak  to  the  margins,  arching  somewhat  strongly  along  the  top  near  the  fold 
in  the  ventral  valve,  but  less  and  less  so,  becoming  smaller,  and  less  distinct 
towards  the  cardinal  angles,  which  are  sometimes  flattened  or  even  slightly 
reflected,  and  are  smooth  in  both  the  valves.  There  are  usually  several  lines  of 
growth.  The  entire  surface  is  traversed  by  very  fine  radiating  raised  lines,  which 
rise  at  regular  intervals  into  minute,  hollow  spines,  with  elongated  bases,  the 
inner  surface  of  the  test  showing  their  position  as  slight  depressions.  The 
minute  surface  markings  are  seldom  seen  on  the  specimens  from  the  sandstone, 
which,  even  when  best  preserved,  show  only  the  bases  of  the  spines,  and  those 
very  indistinctly.  But  several  moulds  of  valves,  obtained  from  the  underlying 
yellow  shales,  have  the  impressions  of  the  raised  lines  and  the  spines  well 
preserved. 

The  impressions  of  the  hinge  teeth  are  shown  in  the  moulds  of  the  ventral 
valve,  and  in  the  interior  moulds  of  the  dorsal  valve  the  impressions  of  the 
processes  are  partially  preserved  ;  but  on  account  of  the  coarseness  and  friable 
character  of  the  sandstone  in  which  they  occur,  we  cannot  depend  upon  them 
as  being  at  all  perfect.  The  cardinal  process  is  somewhat  angular  behind,  and 
the  socket  plates  are  rather  broad  at  the  base,  but  become  narrow  along  the 
top.     The  septum  is  short  and  low. 

A  ventral  valve  of  ordinary  size  measures  11  m.m.  in  length,  1.3  m.  m.  in 
width  and  about  3  m.  m.  in  height,  but  specimens  are  often  found  much  larger, 
one  being  16  m.  m.  long,  25  m.  m.  broad  and  about  5  m.  m.  high. 

There  would  be  no  difticultj  in  separating  the  Erere  specimens 
of  Vitulina  from  the  small  forms  of  V.  jmstidosa,  Hall,  described 
and  figured  in  Vol.  IV  of  the  Pal.  of  New  York.  But  since  Prof. 
Hall  wrote  the  description  of  this  species,  he  has  obtained  a  great 
number  of  specimens  from  other  localities  than  the  first,  many  of 
Avliich    differ   much    from    those    first   described,   frequently  being 


257 

larger,  wUli  (lie  depression  in  tlie  mecliiin  fold  and  the  plication  in 
tlie  median  sinus  well  defined.  Thus  we  have  forms  which  approach 
so  closely  those  from  Erere,  that  it  is  impossible  to  separate  the  two. 
They  are  undoubtedly  identical. 

Obtained  in  great  abundance  from  the  Devonian  sandstone  of 
Erere,  associated  with  Spirifera  Pedroana,  etc.  A  few  specimens 
have  also  been  found  in  the  yellow  shale  underlying  the  sandstone. 
(Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  71.) 

Discina  lodcnsis,  Hall. 

Orhicula  lodensis,  Hall,  Geol.  Rep.  Fourth  Dist.  N.  Y.,  p.  223. 
Or'bicula  lodensis,  Vanuxem,  Geol.  Rep.  Third  Dist.  N.  Y.,  p.  168. 
Discina  lodensis,  Hall,  Pal.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  23. 
Compare  Discina  media.  Hall,  Pal.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  20. 

Test  of  the  Erere  variety  small,  subcircular  or  broadly  subovate  in  outline  ; 
breadth  about  equal  to  the  length,  and  greatest  at,  or  slightly  anterior  to,  the 
middle  ;  generally  narrowing  more  or  less  posteriorly,  and  often  slightly  trun- 
cate behind. 

Both  valves  are  always  so  flattened  in  the  shale,  that  their  true  convexity  is 
undeterminable.  The  nuclei,  which  were  probably  acute,  at  least  in  the  dorsal 
valve,  are  also  flattened  down  to  the  surface  of  the  valves  and  broadened. 
Their  distance  from  the  posterior  margin  varies  with  the  age  of  the  test,  it 
being,  in  the  dorsal  valve,  from  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  valve  in  the 
very  young,  to  about  one-fifth  the  length  in  full  grown  specimens  ;  but  in  the 
ventral  valve,  their  distance  from  the  posterior  margin  is  always  somewhat 
greater  than  in  the  dorsal  valve,  averaging-  about  one-third  the  length  of  the 
valve,  thus  giving  more  space  for  the  foramen,  which  is  narrow,  linear,  and 
extending  from  very  near  the  nucleus  to  within  a  varying  distance  from  the 
posterior  margin.  The  concentric  lines  of  growth  are  numerous,  rather  fine, 
yet  prominent,  and  more  closely  crowded  together  posterior  to  the  nuclei. 

The  larger  specimens  measure  in  length  and  breadth  about  8  m.  m.,  and 
there  are  all  sizes  from  this  down  to  individuals  of  very  small  size. 

This  Discina  from  Erere,  is  undoubtedly  only  a  variety  of  Discina 
lodensis,  Hall,  Genesee  shale,  New  York.  The  Brazilian  variety, 
together  with  D.  lodensis  and  D.  media,  Ilall,  of  the  Hamilton  and 
Chemung  groups,  probably  forms  a  single  species,  which  extends 
through  all  the  latter  portion  of  the  Devonian  age  of  North  Amer- 
ica, and  has  also  a  wide  geographical  range ;  the  specimens  varying 
somewhat,  according  to  the  conditions  under  Avhich  they  lived,  and 
the  rock  in  which  they  are  preserved. 

BUL.  Brr.  soc.  nat.  sci.  (33)  januart,  1874. 


258 

Obtained  in  great  abundance  from  the  dark  shales  of  the  Devo- 
nian of  Erere,  in  various  stages  of  growth,  with  Lingula  Monte- 
Alegrensis,  etc.     (Morgan  Expeditions  1870  and  '71.) 


Though  only  six  specimens  of  Lingula  were  obtained  at  Erere, 
these  appear  to  represent,  at  least,  four  determinable  species,  one  of 
which  may  prove  to  be  identical  with  Lingula  spatulata  of  the 
Genesee  shale,  New  York,  while  the  others  seem  to  be  new  to  science. 

Ling'ula  spatulata  1  Fig.  1. 

Lingula  spatulata.  Hall  and  Van.,  Geol.  Keps.,  3d  and  4tli  Districts 

New  York,  1842  and  '43. 
Lingula  spatulata,  Hall,  Pal.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  13. 

The  only  specimen  of  this  species  found  at  Erere,  consists  of  a  single  valve, 
which  is  small  and  half  as  wide  as  long.  The  strongly  rounded  front,  and 
sub-parallel,  nearly  straight,  lateral  margins,  forming  a  somewhat 
elliptical  outline.  The  posterior  third  of  the  valve  is  angular, 
the  margins  being  inclined  towards  one  another  at  an  angle  of 
about  70  degrees.  Being  defective  at  the  apes,  it  is  impossible  to 
'  '  determine  the  original  form  of  the  beak,  though  it  was  probably 

acuminate  and  strongly  elevated.  The  valve  is  very  convex,  flat- 
tened toward  the  front,  from  which  it  rises  gradually  nearly  to  the  beak, 
toward  which  it  slightly  declines.  In  the  front  and  middle  the  valve  curves 
regularly  from  side  to  side,  but,  toward  the  beak,  it  becomes  very  slightly 
subangular  along  the  median  line. 

Faint  traces  of  the  substance  of  the  test  appear  to  be  preserved,  and  the 
lines  of  growth  are  indistinctly  visible.     Length  9  m.  m.,  width  4.5  m.  m. 

Although  this  specimen  of  Lingula  is  much  larger  than  the  spe- 
cimens of  Lingula  spatulata  from  New  York,  yet  the  outline  is  so 
nearly  the  same,  that  it  does  not  seem  possible  to  separate  the  Erere 
form  from  the  New  York  forms,  more  especially  since  a  variety  of 
Lingula  spatulata  has  been  obtained  from  the  West,  which  is  much 
larger  than  the  one  from  New  York. 

This  is  the  only  species  of  Lingula  yet  detected  in  the  Devonian 
sandstone  at  Erere,  where  it  was  found  associated  with  Spirifera 
Pedroana,  etc.  It  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  species  of  the 
underlying  dark  Discina  shale  by  being  more  angular  posteriorly. 
(Morgan  Expedition  1871.) 


259 

Liiii^ula  Grnonna)  Ratlibun,  sp.  nov.,  fig.  2. 

In  the  only  specimen  of  this  species  yet  obtained,  tlie  test  is  small  and  elon- 
gate, the  greatest  width,  which  is  just  behind  the  middle,  being 
equal  to  about  one-half  the  length.  The  outline  is  elliptical,  the 
lateral  margins  being  very  slightly  straightened  and  inclined 
2,  (7,.„j.(j,ja.*  towards  the  front;  beak  indistinct;  surface,  where  preserved, 
marked  with  numerous,  exceedingly  minute,  closely  arranged, 
concentric  lines,  together  with  a  few,  coarse  growth-lines,  imperfectly  pre- 
served in  the  specimen.  The  valve  is  very  flat,  but  this  may  be  the  result  of 
pressure.     Length  6.5  m.m.,  width  3.5  m.m. 

This  species,  "which  somcwliat  resembles  in  form  certain  yarieties 
of  L.  mytiloides,  Soio.,  of  the  Carboniferous  of  England,  occurs  with 
Discina  lodensis  in  the  dark  shale  of  the  Devonian,  near  the  Iga- 
rape  de  Erere,  Province  of  Para,  Brazil.    (Morgan  Expedition  1870.) 

Xamcd  in  honor  of  His  Excellency,  Dr.  Abel  Gra§a,  President  of 
the  Province  of  Erere  in  1870  and  '71,  to  whom  Prof.  Hartt  is  indebted 
for  the  use  of  the  steamer  Jurupeusem  on  his  Expedition  of  1870. 

Lingula  Stauiitoniana,  Rathhun,  sp.  nov.,  fig.  3. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  very  perfect,  though  probably  flattened  im- 
Ijression  of  a  single  valve ;  but,  notwithstanding  that  it  preserves 
faint  indications  of  muscular  markings,  I  have  not  been  able  to 
determine  whether  the  valve  is  ventral  or  dorsal.  The  valve  is 
small,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  the  greatest  width  being  at  about 
niaiia.  one-fourth  the  length  from  the  front.  In  its  posterior  three  quar- 
ters it  narrows  backward,  the  margin  being  regularly  elliptical  in  outline,  and 
consequently  bluntly  rounded  behind,  without  a  distinct  beak.  In  the  anterior 
fourth  of  the  valve  the  margin,  nearly  straight  in  front,  curves  rather  ab- 
ruptly round  on  each  side  to  meet  the  lateral  margins,  so  that  the  general 
outline  of  the  valve  is  an  oval,  slightly  flattened  in  front.  The  V-shaped  line, 
shown  in  fig.  3,  appears  to  represent  the  anterior  limits  of  the  muscular  im- 
pressions.    Length  8.5  m.  m.,  breadth  G.5  m.  m. 

This  species  occurs  associated  with  Discina  lodensis  in  the  dark 
shale  near  the  Igarape  de  Erere,  Province  do  Par4,  Brazil.  (^Morgan 
Expedition  1871.) 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  Phineas  Staunton,  a  member  of  the  Expedition 
of  1870. 

*I  have  given  only  an  outline  drawing  of  this  species  of  Lingida,  since  it  is  impossible  to 
represent  accurately  its  surface  markings  in  a  wood  cut. 


260 

Liuf?ula  Rodrijuezii,  Eathbun,  sp.  nov. 

Dorsal  valve  ratlier  large,  elongate,  and  oblong  in  outline.  Front  very  slightly 
rounded,  but  curving  somewhat  strongly  to  meet  tlie  lateral  margins,  which, 
curving  but  slightly,  extend  backwards  nearly  parallel  with  one  another  for 
about  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  valve.  The  posterior  lateral  margins 
incline  towards  one  another  at  an  angle  of  about  100  degrees,  and  the  beak  is 
apparently  a  little  rounded.  The  outline  of  the  valve  is  very  defective,  but  I 
have  been  able,  I  think,  to  trace  it  out  very  satisfactorily  from  the  rather 
numerous  lines  of  growth,  which  are  quite  well  preserved  on  the  front ;  but 
the  valve  is  so  crushed  that  it  is  impossible  to  determine  its  convexity. 

The  impressions  of  the  several  muscular  markings  are  more  or  less  perfectly 
preserved.  They  show  that  the  valve  is  dorsal.  The  impression  of  the  pedicle 
muscle  is  not  preserved,  but  just  in  front  of  the  place  where  it  should  be,  are 
two  small  crescent-shaped  impressions,  placed  closely  together  and  apparently 
more  deeply  excavated  in  the  substance  of  the  test  than  are  the  other  muscular 
markings.  The  markings  left  by  the  decussating  muscles  seem  to  be  narrow 
and  elongate,  but  the  outline  is  indistinct.  They  are  apparently  situated  at 
the  sides  of  a  raised,  circular  disc,  from  the  front  of  which  extends  a  short, 
low  and  rather  broad  median  crest,  but  the  test  is  so  broken  that  the  appear- 
ance of  a  disc  and  crest  may  not  be  natural.  On  each  side  of  this  crest  are  the 
impressions  of  the  posterior  adductors,  which  seem  to  be  unusually  small, 
while  the  subelliptical  impression  of  the  anterior  adductors  in  front  of  the 
crest  is  also  very  small.  One  or  two  narrow,  faint,  curving  depressions 
extend  forward  from  the  front  of  the  impressions  of  the  decussating  muscles, 
and  probably  denote  structure.  There  is  a  V-shaped  line  on  the  forward  por- 
tion of  the  disc,  apparently  of  the  same  character.  Length  22  m.  m.,  breadth 
13  m.  m. 

Obtained  from  tlie  yellow  sliale  underlying  the  sandstone  at  Erere. 

Dedicated  to  Dr.  J.  C.  Eodrignes,  Editor  of  the  Novo  Mundo, 
New  York,  one  of  the  most  prominent  patrons  of  the  Morgan 
Expeditions  of  1870  and  '71. 


Although  the  fossils  so  ftir  obtained  from  Erere,  were  collected 
from  so  small  an  area  and  so  limited  a  thickness  of  rock  as  to  ren- 
der it  unsafe  to  draw  any  extended  or  definite  conclusions  from 
them ;  yet  the  Brachiopod  fauna,  such  as  it  is,  resembles  so  closely 
that  of  the  Hamilton  group  of  New  York  State,  as  to  leave  no 
doubt  that  the  beds  in  which  it  was  found,  the  sandstones  and  shales 
of  Erere,  represent  about  the  same  horizon  as  the  Hamilton  group 
of  North  America.     Not  only  are  characteristic  Hamilton  group 


261 

genera  found  in  the  Erero  beds,  but  even  species  of  those  same 
genera,  Avliich  cannot  be  separated  from  North  American  species  of 
the  Hamilton  group. 

Spirifera  Pedroana,  so  abundant  at  Erere,  seems  to  represent,  not 
a  single  species  of  the  Devonian,  but  several,  which  form  a  series 
extending  through  the  Corniferous  and  Hamilton  groups.  The 
different  species  of  this  series  are  very  distinct  from  one  another  in 
their  extreme  forms,  but  they  are  so  connected  by  intermediate 
varieties,  that  they  present  a  good  sul)ject  for  the  study  of  develop- 
ment. The  series  includes  in  North  America  S.  varicosa  and  ^S*. 
macra  of  the  Corniferous,  and  ;S'.  medialis,  S.  macronota  and  S. 
angusta  of  the  Hamilton.  Strejjtorliynchus  Agassizii,  the  most 
abundant  fossil  at  Erere,  belongs  to  that  transition  group  of  the 
SireptorJujncki  which  helps  to  characterize  the  Devonian ;  yet,  so  far 
as  at  present  known,  the  new  species  does  not  attain  the  large  size 
of  the  Devonian  species  of  that  genus  elsewhere.  The  genus  Vitu- 
lina  has  been  known  by  only  a  single  species,  which  is  confined  to 
the  Hamilton  group  of  New  York,  and  Avas  considered  rare,  but 
somewhat  recently  it  has  been  found  in  greater  abundance.  The 
Erere  form  does  not  differ  from  the  larger  varieties  of  V.  jnistulosa, 
Hall,  of  the  Hamilton  group.  The  Erere  Tropidoleptus  is  identical 
with  the  uncarinate  forms  of  T.  carinatus  from  the  Hamilton 
gi'oup  of  New  York.  Though  only  a  very  few  specimens  of  Rhyn- 
clionella  have  been  obtained  from  Erere,  there  is  little  difficulty  in 
uniting  them  wdth  R.  dotis  of  the  Hamilion.  The  genus  Chonetes 
is  represented  by  several  species,  all  of  which  are  closely  related  to 
Hamilton  group  species  of  New  York.  The  single  species  of  Dis- 
cina,  and  one  of  the  species  of  Lingula,  are  probably  only  varieties 
of  North  American  Hamilton  group  species.  It  may  appear  strange 
that  many  of  the  most  common  genera  found  in  the  Devonian, 
such  as  AtryjM,  SlrojjJiodonfa,  Productella,  etc.,  are  wanting,  while 
more  obscure  genera  are  abundantly  represented ;  but  when  we  con- 
sider that  the  collections  were  made  over  an  area  of  only  a  few  feet 
in  extent,  and  from  a  thickness  of  but  a  few  inches,  we  must  see 
that  it  is  just  what  might  be  expected. 


262 


XXIV.    New  Phalaenoid  Moths 

BY   LEON   F.    HAEVET,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 

[Read  before  this  Society,  January  2, 1874.] 

The  collection  of  this  Society  contains  specimens  of  the  follow- 
ing Moths,  which,  among  others,  have  been  handed  to  me  for  study 
and  identification  by  Mr.  Grote.  One  genus  and  three  species, 
described  in  the  present  paper,  belong  to  the  Bombyces  {Phalaenae 
Hiibn.,  Bomlycidae  Auct.),  and  three  species  to  the  Geometrae 
{Geometridae  Auct.). 


BOMBYCES. 

Heteropaclia,  n.  g. 

This  generic  term  is  proposed  for  a  form  allied  to  Gasteropaclia  and  our 
American  genera  Tolype  and  Artace,  while  in  its  colors  it  recalls  the  dusky 
olivaceous  species  of  Heterocampa.  The  eyes  are  hairy ;  the  ocelli  probably 
■wanting  ;  the  antennae  (  $, )  short,  with  double,  lengthy,  converging  pectinations 
which  shorten  over  apical  two-thirds  ;  the  body  parts  are  shaggily  haired.  The 
fore  wings  are  narrow,  widening  externally,  thinly  Bcaled,  entire ;  hind  wings 
ovate,  with  costal  shoulder ;  primaries  10-veined,  cell  open ;  2  from  the  me- 
dian vein  near  the  base,  3  half  way  between  2  and  4  and  thrown  off  at  about 
the  center  of  the  wing,  5  the  termination  of  the  nervure  ;  subcostal  nervure  a 
little  bent ;  G  and  7  on  to  external  margin,  a  short  furcation ;  8  a  little  below 
apex,  9  to  costa ;  hind  wings  9-veiued,  cell  opened ;  9  a  short  bent  veinlet  on 
the  costal  shoulder,  6,  7  and  8  arising  near  together  at  basal  third,  6  thrown 
ofiF  below — a  long  vein  to  apex,  7  to  costal  margin  within  the  apex,  8  a  short 
vein  to  costa  at  about  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  is  as  long  as  the 
hind  wings  and  the  thoracic  disc  is  destitute  of  the  metallic  scales  of  Tolype. 

Heteropaclia  Eileyana,  Harvey,  Plate  11,  fig.  1. 

$  . — Dark  grayish  fuscous ;  primaries  with  two  irregular,  light  gray,  con- 
tinuous bauds,  the  first  at  base,  short,  the  second,  fainter,  at  apical  third, 
followed  by  a  series  of  subterminal  dots  on  the  veins ;  external  margin  with 
indistinct  gray  dots;  veins  marked  ;  the  denuded  integument  shows  an  irides- 

EI:L.    BTF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  JANCJART,    187-1. 


2G3 

cence  similar  to  Tolype  ;  hind  wings  concoloroua,  with  a  gray  band  at  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing  on  costal  region;  body  darker  than  wings;  antennae  with  the 
stem  gray  above. 

^Expanse,  30  m.  m.     Iluhitat,  Missouri  (C.  V.  Eiley). 

It  gives  me  great  plcusure  to  name  this  species  after  ]\rr.  C.  V. 
Eiley,  State  Entomologist,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Heterocampa  snbrotata,  Harvey,  Plate  11,  fig.  2  ,j ,  4  ?  . 

$  . — Antennae  simple  ;  palpi  porrect ;  thorax  of  a  greenish  brown  or  gray  ; 
abdomen  large,  exceeding  the  hind  wings,  having  a  dorsal  tuft  at  its  base,  in 
color  a  pale  fuscous  ;  primaries  bright  olivaceous ;  median  lines  bright  brown  ; 
basal  line  black,  distinct,  running  on  to  posterior  border ;  space  between  basal 
and  inner  median  line  strongly  tinged  with  green ;  both  median  lines  double, 
lunulated,  black,  including  a  light  brown  shade;  a  semi-lunar  black  streak  at 
the  disc,  its  convexity  towards  the  thorax,  the  space  between  it  and  the  gemi- 
nate outer  median  line  is  pale.  In  its  general  course  the  outer  median  line  is 
twice  equally  exserted,  first  on  s.  c.  nervules  and  again  on  median  nervules, 
running  inwardly  below  the  median  vein,  when  it  approaches  more  nearly  the 
inner  line.  Subterminally  the  wing  is  whitish,  relieving  the  irregular,  discon- 
nected subterminal  line,  which  appears  as  black,  interspaceal  points  or  streaks. 
The  terminal  line  is  fine,  a  little  waved,  the  terminal  space  being  again  green- 
ish or  bright  olivaceous  as  are  the  fringes,  which  are  faintly  cut  with  black  at 
extremity  of  the  veins.  Beneath  fuscous,  with  four  or  five  black  dots  on  the 
costa  near  the  apex ;  at  base  very  hairy ;  broad,  diHuse,  darker  shadings  in  the 
center  of  wing,  and  a  diS'use,  continued  darker,  subterminal  shade,  limited  out- 
wardly by  the  paler,  whitish  terminal  space  ;  black  markings  on  the  fringes  at 
the  termination  of  the  veins.  Secondaries  cinereous,  paler  at  base,  approaching 
to  olivaceous,  fringes  nearly  white,  with  black  dots  ;  below  concolorous,  though 
of  a  lighter  shade  ;  a  black  dash  at  the  basal  angle.  The  S  differs  from  the  $ 
by  the  sub-terminal  line  being  more  undulatory,  by  the  less  prominently  con- 
trasting brown  and  whitish  shades  beyond  the  cell  subterminally,  while  the 
antennae  are  pectinate. 

ExiKin&e,  33  to  34  m.  m. 

Four  specimens  collected  by  ]Mr.  Grote  in  central  Alabama. 
Smaller  than  //.  oUiqua  and  //.  astarte,  to  which  it  is  allied, 

Heterocampa  ccltiphag'a,  Jlarvey,  Plate  11,  fig.  3  .s . 

f,  — Smaller  than  H.  subrotata  ;  antennae  pectinate  ;  palpi  dependant,  thickly 
hirsute  ;  thorax  dark  ashen  ;  abdomen  paler,  becoming  dark  ashen  towards  the 
tip  ;  primaries  dark  olivaceous  ashen,  almost  approaching  to  black.  All  the 
lines  light  brown  and  narrow  and  similar  to  H.  subrotata,  in  their  conforma- 


264 

tion  ;  apical  white  shade  not  as  extended.  Fringes  ashen  ;  discal  lunate  mark 
brown  ;  from  this  the  scalloped  transverse  posterior  line  is  externally  further 
removed  than  in  H.  subrotata.  Secondaries  white,  with  an  incomplete  whitish 
median  shade;  terminal  line  black,  even  ;  fringes  ashen,  pale  at  base,  cut  with 
darker  hairs  at  extremity  of  the  veins. 

ExjMnse,  18  m.  m.     Larva  on  Hackberry  {Celtis  occidentalis). 

The  specimen  was  received  from  Mr.  C.  V.  Eiley.     It  is  the  small- 
est species  of  Heterocampa  yet  known  to  science. 


GEOMETRAE. 

Larentia  Oeneiformis,  Harvey,  Plate  11,  fig.  5. 

$  . — Wings  entire ;  upper  surface  ashen  or  cinereous  with  a  smoky  tinge  ; 
costal  region  and  terminal  portions  of  the  fore  wings  darker ;  primaries  with 
three  white  and  broad  bands,  marked  on  costa  but  discontinuous ;  the  third 
(outer  median)  more  continuous,  angulated  at  vein  5  and  indistinctly  discern- 
ible towards  the  internal  margin  ;  the  first  and  second  bands  are  approximate, 
discontinued  ;  the  costal  region  above  the  subcostal  nervure  is  here  reticu- 
lated ;  fringes  white,  distinctly  cut  with  dark  at  the  extremity  of  the  ner- 
vules  up  to  and  within  the  depressed  and  rounded  apices.  Terminally  the 
nervules  are  darker  marked  ;  hind  wings  smoky  ashen,  with  white  fringes  as 
on  fore  wings  ;  below  the  primaries  are  largely  smoky  ashen,  but  along  the 
costal  region  the  three  white  bauds  of  the  upper  surface  again  appear,  the 
costal  region  is  tinged  with  olivaceous  and  beautifully  striated  with  black, 
leaving  the  apices  whitish  with  costal  black  dots  ;  the  hind  wings  are  entirely 
covered  with  irregular  and  fine  black  striations  on  a  white  ground ;  a  median 
white  band  can  be  made  out,  followed  below  costa,  and  again  on  internal  mar- 
gin, by  more  distinct  striae  on  an  olivaceous  ground ;  fringes  on  both  wings 
tinged  with  reddish;  thorax  ashen  with  two  white  vittae;  front  dark;  the 
secondaries  have  the  cell  closed,  outwardly  prolonged  inferiorly ;  vein  5 
equally  strong. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.     IlaUtat,  Montreal,  Mr,  F.  Caulfield, 

Resembles  superficially  the  species  of  the  genus  Oeneis  (Chion- 
ohati),  in  the  ornamentation  of  the  Avings. 

Scotosia  dubitata,  L.,  Plate  11,  fig.  7  ?  . 

5  $  . — This  is  a  large  bright  brown  species  with  dentate  wings  ;  the  fore 
wings  are  covered  by  numerous  wavy  black  lines,  followed  by  pale  shades, 
while  the  subterminal  line  appears  wholly  pale.  The  four  usual  transverse 
lines  are  distinguishable,  darker  tlian  the  rest.     The  base  of  the  wing  and  me- 


2G5 

dian  si)!ice  are  freest  from  pule  shade  lines,  more  purely  brown;  the  sub-basal 
sjjaco  is  wide,  the  basal  line  distinctly  followed  by  pale  scales  ;  the  median 
lines  are  tolerably  approximate,  nearly  equidistant,  geminate,  inner  line  the 
strongest,  and  they  are  shaded  wilii  black  and  accentuated  about  the  median 
nervure ;  all  the  veins  dotted  and  streaked,  pale  and  blackish ;  the  festooning 
of  pale  scales,  forming  the  subterminal  line,  is  accentuated  on  the  subterniinal 
fold ;  these  pale  scales  in  a  certain  light  have  a  greenish  cast ;  terminal  line 
black,  subcontinuous,  appearing  on  the  secondaries  ;  hind  wings  pale  fuscous 
brown,  with  the  continuation  of  the  wavy,  and  here  much  fainter,  transverse 
lines  obsolete ;  the  more  prominent  are  marked  in  black,  and  the  veins  dotted 
on  costal  region  of  primaries  ;  collar  with  blackish  scales ;  body  parts  brown  ; 
antennae  simple. 

Expanse,  38  to  45  m.  m.  Ilahitat,  Moutrcal  {}h\  Frank  Canl- 
field). 

This  species  varies  slightly  in  the  paler  powderings  of  the  wings. 
On  examination  and  comparison  I  cannot  sej)arate  onr  specimens 
satisfactorily  from  the  European  material  in  the  collection  of  this 
Society,  and  conclude  that  the  form  is  identical  on  both  conti- 
nents. The  species  is  discussed  by  Dr.  Packard,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc. 
Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  XI,  p.  44. 


Bapta  viatica,  Harvey,  Plate  11,  fig.  6. 

$  $  . — Smaller  and  darker  than  the  European  Temerata,  v^ith  darker  fore 
■wings ;  faintly  bluish  white  and  gray  ;  fore  M'ings  bluish  gray  with  the  black- 
ish brown,  inner  median  shaded  line  interrupted;  a  black  discal  point;  outer 
median  blackish  brown  line  diffuse,  continuous,  accented  on  the  veins,  curved  ; 
terminal  portion  of  the  wing  stained  more  or  less  with  blackish,  coloring  the 
fringes  except  at  internal  angle  ;  subterminal  line  diffuse,  continuous ;  hind 
■wings  bluish  white  with  discal  dot,  traces  of  a  median  line  and  distinct,  black, 
marginal  points ;  fringes  white ;  beneath  both  ■n'iugs  bluish  white  with  dis- 
tinct black  discal  dots,  longer  on  the  fore  wings ;  these  latter  show  the  outer 
median  and  subterminal  lines,  which  are  neatly  dentate ;  terminal  margin 
■whitish;  fringes  black;  hind  wings  with  white  fringes,  dotted  median  line 
and  terminal  points,  and  a  faint  trace  of  a  subterminal  line  ;  body  parts  bluish 
gray  ;  hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  from  one  point. 

Expanse,  20  m.m.  Habitat,  "Catskill  Mountains,  on  roads,  fly- 
ing in  the  day  time."     Theo.  L.  Mead ;  Quebec,  F.  X.  Belanger. 

BUI..  BlIF.  SOC.  N.\T.  PCI.  (34)  JANUARY,  1874, 


266 


XXV.    Notes  on  the  Species  of  Pasimachus 

BY   JOHN   L.   LE  COXTE,   M,    D. 
[Bead  before  this  Society/,  January  16,  1874.] 

Among  the  cnicle  results  of  my  earlier  studies  in  Entomology 
was  a  monograph  of  the  species  of  Pasimachus,  inhabiting  the 
United  States,  published,  with  outline  figures,  in  the  4th  volume  of 
the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  in  New  York,  pp. 
141-151,  plates  7  and  8. 

Being  then  inexperienced  in  the  recognition  of  species,  I  was,  like 
most  yoUng  naturalists,  led  to  exaggerate  the  value  of  characters 
which  were  either  individual  or  unimportant,  and  thus  to  multiply 
the  supposed  distinct  forms  beyond  what  larger  series  of  specimens 
have  shown  to  be  tenable.  I  have  endeavored  to  make  the  correc- 
tions required  by  more  careful  study  as  soon  as  circumstances  per- 
mitted, but  the  remarks  have  become  scattered  in  various  papers, 
so  as  not  to  be  very  accessible.  By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  P.  S. 
Sprague,  of  Boston,  I  have  recently  received  a  new  species,  very 
remarkable  by  its  size,  and  wishing  to  make  known  so  important  an 
addition  to  our  fauna,  I  avail  myself  of  tlie  opportunity  to  append 
to  its  description  notes  and  synonyms  of  the  other  species. 

A  very  interesting  series  of  comparative  notes  on  the  species 
known  to  him  is  contained  in  the  Premices  Entomologiques  of  my 
learned  friend  Mr.  Putzeys,  cited  in  the  following  pages.  With  the 
exception  of  those  derived  from  the  antennae  and  the  labrum,  they 
appear  to  me  of  somewhat  difficult  verification,  and  I  therefore,  in 
the  presence  of  stronger  characters,  have  not  used  those  derived 
from  the  mentum  and  lingula.  The  form  of  the  labrum  is  subject 
to  some  variation,  according  as  the  specimen  is  young,  or  old  and 
worn  ;  in  the  latter  case,  the  middle  lobe  becomes  less  prominent, 
and  wider,  though  rarely  to  such  an  extent  as  to  prove  deceptive ; 
the  same  may  be  observed  regarding  the  teeth  of  the  front  tibiae. 

BUL.  BUF.  SOC.  NAT.  SCI.  JANCABT,   1874. 


267 

Tlie  species  are  widely  distributed  over  the  Atlantic  slope,  extend- 
ing as  far  west  as  Utah  {P.  californicus)  and  Arizona  {P.  costifer 
and  mexicanu.s) ;  none  has  occurred  in  California,  and  the  species 
which  bears  the  name  of  that  region  was  certainly  given  to  Baron 
Chaudoir  with  an  erroneous  locality. 

The  species  may  be  divided,  into  three  groups,  characterized  as 
follows : 

I.  Elytra  obtusely  rounded  behind ;  spine  of  middle  tibiae  com- 
pressed, obtuse  at  top. 

Elytra  subacute  behind ;  spine  of  middle  tibiae  slender,  acute ; 

II.  Prothorax  not  constricted  at  base. 

III.  Prothorax  more  or  less  constricted,  hind  angles  prominent, 
body  more  slender. 

I.    SUBLAEVIS  Group. 

In  this  group  the  labruni  is  distinctly  trilobed,  the  lateral  lobes 
wider  than  the  middle  one,  and  sinuate ;  the  mandibles  are  obliquely 
rugose;  the  mentum  tooth  rounded  at  tip,  and  scarcely  concave. 
The  2-4  joints  of  the  antennae  are  not  compressed.  The  prothorax 
is  strongly  but  narrowly  margined,  broadly  rounded  on  the  sides, 
somewhat  narrowed  at  base,  but  not  constricted.  The  elytra  are 
parallel  on  the  sides,  convex,  obtusely  rounded  behind,  and  more  or 
less  sulcate ;  the  humeral  carina  fades  gradually  into  a  faint  inter- 
space between  two  of  the  furrows ;  the  general  form  is  more  robust 
than  in  the  other  groups. 

1.    P.  strennus,  n.  sp. 

Very  large,  prothorax  rather  suddenly  narrowed  at  the  base,  hind  angles 
rectangular  prominent ;  elytra  feebly  sulcate. 

Length,  35  m.  m. ;  1.4  inch. 

Two  specimens,  Florida.  For  a  very  fine  specimen  of  this,  the 
largest  species  of  the  genus,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  P.  S.  Sprague, 
and  for  another  to  Mr.  Edward  Tatnall,  Jr.  It  is  closely  related  to 
the  next,  and  with  a  large  series  of  specimens  will  probably  be 
found  to  vary  in  a  similar  manner.  It  is  easily  known  by  the  rec- 
tangular hind  angles  of  the  prothorax. 


268 

2.    P.  sublaevis. 

Prothorax  suddenly  narrowed  near  tlie  base  ;  liind  angles  obtuse,  not  prom- 
inent ;  elytra  feebly  sulcate,  sometimes  nearly  smootli. 

Dej.  Sp.  Gen.,  1,408.  Bonelli,  Obs.  2d,  4G;  Lee.  Ann.  Lye.  New 
York,  IV.,  149,  pi.  VIII.,  f.  2  ;  Putzeys,  Premices 
Entom.,  9. 

var.  P.  rugosits,  Lee.  Ann.  Lye,  IV.,  149,  pi.  VIII.,  f.  1. 

var.  P.  assimilis,  Lee.  ibid.,  148,  pi.  VII.,  f.  8. 

var.  P.  substriatus,  Hald.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phil.,  I.,  313;  Lee. 
1.  c,  147,  pi.  Vn.,  f .  6. 

Length,  21-28  m.  m.;  .83-1.1  inch;  Xew  York  to  Florida,  and 
westward  to  Illinois. 

This  species  varies  in  size  and  sculpture,  and  there  is  every  inter- 
mediate grade  between  the  type,  with  well  defined,  though  shallow 
grooves,  to  the  smooth  and  more  shining  suistriatus.  These  inter- 
mediate forms  were  described  by  me  as  rugosus  and  assimilis,  the 
former  being  an  individual  variation,  having  the  basal  impressions 
of  the  prothorax  rugous. 


II.    MARGINATUS  Group. 

In  this  group  the  labrum  is  rather  feebly  lobed,  the  middle  por- 
tion broader  than  in  the  preceding;  the  mandibles  are  obliquely 
rugose,  but  much  more  feebly  than  in  the  1st  group ;  the  mentum 
tooth  is  rounded  at  tip,  and  somewhat  concave.  The  joints  2-4  of 
the  antennae  are  not  compressed.  The  prothorax  is  broadly  rounded 
on  the  sides,  feebly  narrowed  behind,  with  the  angles  obtuse  and 
not  prominent  in  marginatus,  rectangular  in  suhsulcatus  ;  the  side 
margin  is  widely  depressed  in  marginatus,  and  narrower  in  stihsnl- 
catus.  The  elytra  are  less  convex,  feebly  sulcate,  with  the  alternate 
intervals  more  elevated,  the  sides  are  slightly  rounded,  and  they  are 
obliquely  narrowed  behind,  and  not  broadly  rounded  as  in  Group  1 ; 
the  humeral  carina  fades  gradually  into  an  interspace.  The  spine 
of  the  middle  tibial  is  slender  and  acute,  and  the  hind  tarsi  longer 
and  more  slender. 


269 

3.  P.  innrg'inatus,  BoncUi,  Obs.  Ent.,  2d,  45 ;  St.  Farg.  et  Serv.  Enc.  Metli., 

X.  IC,  pi.  CLXXXI.,  f.  8;  Dej.  Sp.  Gen.,  I.,  407; 
Laporte  Hist.  Ins.  I.,  03;  Lee.  Ann.  Lye,  N.  Y., 
IV.,  151,  pi.  VIII.,  f.  4;  Putzeys,  Prem.  Ent..  8. 
Scarites  marginatus,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.,  I.,  94  ;  Syst.  El.,  I.,  123 ;  Oliv. 
No.  30,  5,  pi.  II.,  f.  20  ;  Beauvois,  100,  pi.  XV.,  f .  ] , 
2  ;  Latr.  Hist.  Crust,  and  Ins.,  VIII.,  370. 

South  Carolina;  southward,  not  uncomnion. 

4.  P.  subsulcatns;  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  II.,  19 ;  Ed.  Lee.,  II.,  449 ; 

Dej.  Sp.  Gen.,  II.,  471 ;  Dej.  and  Boisd.  Icon.  Col. 
Eur.,  I.,  207,  pl.  XXIL,  f.  2 ;  Lee.  Ann.  Lye,  N.  Y., 
IV.,  150,  pl.  VIIL,  f.  3. 

Georgia  and  Florida,  rare.  Of  the  same  form  as  P.  marginatum, 
but  much  smaller,  with  the  sides  of  the  prothorax  less  widely  mar- 
gined, and  the  hind  angles  rectangular  and  slightly  prominent. 


III.    DEPRESSUS  Group. 

In  this  group,  though  in  some  of  the  species  the  relative  propor- 
tions of  the  body  have  not  changed,  the  general  form  is  more  slen- 
der, from  the  prothorax  being  more  gradually  and  more  strongly 
narrowed  behind ;  the  hind  angles  are  always  rectangular  and 
prominent.  The  labrum  varies  in  form,  being  broadly  and  fee- 
bly trilobed  (depressus),  or  distinctly  so,  with  the  middle  lobe 
narrower  [calif ornicus,  etc.);  the  mandibles  are  feebly  rugose,  or 
nearly  smooth ;  the  mentum  tooth  is  usually  deeply  concave,  and 
appears  almost  emarginate.  The  2-4  joints  of  the  antennae  are 
sometimes  feebly  compressed  {mexicanus) ,  but  in  the  others  strongly 
so,  and  subcarinate.  The  elytra  are  broadly  rounded  on  the  sides, 
obliquely  narrowed  behind;  they  are  usually  smooth,  but  in  two 
species  {obsoletus  and  chq)licatus)  are  more  or  less  sulcate  towards 
the  sides;  in  this  case  the  humeral  carina  is  continued  into  a  ridge, 
otherwise  it  is  abruptly  terminated  and  differs  in  length  in  the  dif- 
ferent species.  The  spine  of  the  middle  tibiae  is  slender  and  acute, 
the  hind  tarsi  are  longer  and  more  slender  in  depressus  than  in  the 
others.     The  species  may  be  thus  tabulated  : 


270 

A.  Antennae  with  joints  2-4  not  carinate ;  elytra  witli  fine  rows  of  punc- 
tures arranged  in  pairs  ;  margin  green, mexicanus. 

B.  Antennae  witli  joints  2-4  compressed  and  carinate: 

A.  Hind  tibiae  $  not  densely  pubescent  on  inner  side : 

a.  Labrum  broadly  and  feebly  trilobed ;  elytra  not  sulcate,  humeral  carina 
moderate,  hind  tarsi  long  and  slender, depressus. 

h.  Labrum  distinctly  trilobed ;  elytra  sulcate  towards  the  sides,  elytra  more 
narrowly  margined : 

Less  slender,  elytral  rows  of  punctures  double  or  obsolete, duplicatus. 

More  slender,  elytra  rows  single, obsolettis. 

B.  Hind  tibiae  $,  densely  pubescent  on  the  inner  side  near  the  tip  ; 

Elongate,  humeral  carina  long, elongatus. 

Broader,  humeral  carina  shorter  : 

Humeral  carina  moderate, punetulatus. 

Humeral  carina  very  short, californicus. 

5.  P.  mexicanus,  Gray,  Griffith's  An.  Kingd.,  274,  pi.  XIL,  f.  1 ;  Laporte, 

Hist.  Ins.,  L,  63. 
P.  viridans,  Lee.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc,  Phila.,  1858,  61. 

One  specimen,  collected  by  Mr.  Scliott,  while  attached  to  the 
United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission,  probably  in 
Arizona.  The  form  is  rather  slender,  the  elytra  less  convex  than 
in  elongatus,  ^'lih.  distinct  rows  of  punctures  arranged  in  pairs; 
the  humeral  carina  is  very  short;  the  lower  joints  of  the  antennae 
are  not  at  all  compressed  or  carinate ;  the  labrum  is  broadly  tri- 
lobed, the  middle  lobe  wider  than  the  side  lobes,  though  distinctly 
separated  from  them ;  the  mandibles  are  rather  deeply  rugose ;  the 
side  margin  of  the  prothorax  is  narrower  than  in  the  other  species 
of  the  group,  and  with  the  base  and  the  sides  of  the  elytra,  is  tinged 
with  metallic  green. 

6.  P.  depressus,  Bonelli,  Obs.  Ent.  2d,  45 ;  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  IL,  19 ; 

Ed.  Lee.  n.,  145 ;  St.  Farg.  et  Serv.,  Enc.  M6th., 
X.,  15  ;  Dej.  Sp.  Gen.,  L,  406  ;  Aud.  and  Brulle,  . . . 
61 ;  Laporte,  Hist.  Ins.,  I.,  63  ;  Lee.  Ann.  Lye,  IV., 
145,  pi.  VII.,  f.  1 ;  Putzys,  Prem.  Ent.,  6. 

Scarites  depressus,  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  I.,  94 ;  Syst.  El.,  I.,  123 ;  Oliv., 
No.  36,  5,  pi.  IL,  f.  15  ;  Herbst,  Kiifer,  X.,  254,  pi. 
CLXXV.,  f.  4 ;  Latr.,  Hist.  Crust.,  et  Ins.,  VII., 
376;  Beau  vols,  Ins.  Af  r.  and  Amcr.,106,  pi.  XV.,  f  .3. 

Scarites  complanatus,  Gmelin,  Linn.  IV.,  1993. 

var.  P.  morio,  Lee.  Ann.  Lye,  IV.,  145,  pi.  VII.,  f.  2. 

var.  P.  laevis,  Lee,  ibid..  146,  pi.  VII.,  f.  4. 


271 

Eiistoni  region  from  New  York  to  Louisiana  and  Illinois.  The 
labrum  is  very  broadly  and  feebly  trilobcd,  the  middle  lobe  wider 
than  the  side  ones.  The  hind  tibia  and  tarsi  are  longer  and  more 
slender  than  in  the  following  species;  the  joints  of  the  antennae 
2-4  are  strongly  compressed  and  carinate ;  the  mandiljles  are  feebly 
(var.  loevis),  or  not  at  all  striate;  the  tooth  of  the  mentum  is  deeply 
concave,  and  seems  almost  emarginate. 

Till'  specimens  from  the  Southern  States  are  frequently  without 
the  blue  margin,  and  are  of  a  more  dull  color  than  those  from  the 
north.  Dr.  Zimmermann  believed  that  they  indicated  a  distinct 
species,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  morio,  adopted,  in  my  synopsis 
above  cited;  the  description  of  Fabricius  does  not  mention  a  blue 
margin,  and  it  is  possible,  therefore,  that  his  type  should  be  refer- 
red rather  to  the  race  mor-io,  than  to  the  usual  form  which  is 
described  by  Say  and  Dejean.*     The  female  is  dull,  the  male  shining. 

7.    P.  duplicatus,  Lee,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  X.,  395. 

var.  P.  costifer,  Lee.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.,  1854,  79  ;  Journ.  Ac. 
Phila.,  2d,  IV.,  15,  pi.  IV.,  f.  11. 

Texas,  northward  to  Indian  Territory.  This  and  the  next  species 
are  nearly  related,  and  differ  by  the  arrangement  of  the  striae  of 
the  elytra,  which  in  this  are  represented  by  rows  of  punctures  ap- 
proximated by  pairs,  but  in  ohsoletus  by  equally  distant  rows ;  in 
the  best  marked  specimens  the  alternate  interspaces  towards  the 
sides  are  elevated,  forming  ridges,  with  broad  intervening  grooves; 
sometimes  these  ridges  and  grooves  disappear,  and  even  the  rows  of 
punctures  cannot  be  seen,  and  only  the  outermost  of  the  ridges 
remain ;  this  is  the  variety  which  I  named  costifer.  The  labrum  is 
distinctly  trilobed,  the  middle  lobe  advanced,  and  rounded,  not 
wider  than  the  side  lobes,  which  are  subacute  and  sinuate  exter- 
nally; the  mandibles  are  very  feebly  striate;  antennae  as  in  the 
preceding;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  alike  in  both  sexes. 

In  one  specimen  from  Arizona  even  the  sub-marginal  costa  has 
become  obsolete,  marked  only  by  a  very  feeble  marginal  furrow. 

*  Dr.  Zimmermann  recognized  this  foct  after  tlie  publication  of  my  sj'nopsis,  but  still  viewing 
the  two  forms  as  distinct  species,  called  the  one  with  a  blue  margin  P.  limhatus,  with  the  fol- 
lowing reniiirks,  which  I  translate  from  his  MS.:  "Of  precisely  the  same  form  as  depressus, 
also  with  smooth  mandibles,  and  slender  hind  tarsi,  which  are  longer  than  the  tibiae;  but 
usually  somewhat  smaller,  proportionally  narrow  er.  more  convex,  and  with  the  humeral  carina 
a  little  shorter  :  shining  black,  with  the  sides  of  the  prolhorax  and  elytra  blue  or  violet. 


272 

8.  P.  ol)SOletns,  Lee,  Ann.  Lye,  New  York,  IV.,  148,  pi.  VII.,  f.  7. 

Kansas  and  Colorado.  Besides  the  difference  in  the  elytral  striae, 
above  mentioned,  this  species  has  the  prothorax  more  narrowed 
behind,  with  the  hind  angles  more  prominent,  and  the  elytra  less 
rounded  at  the  humeri.  I  may  further  observe  that  the  elytra  in 
this  and  the  preceding  are  less  widely  margined  than  in  P.  depres- 
sus,  and  the  following  species.  This  affords  a  good  character  for 
distinguishing  the  smootli  varieties  of  these  two  species  from  all  the 
others. 

9.  P.  elongatus,  Lee,  Ann.  Lye.  New  York,  IV.,  147,  pi.  VII.,  f.  5. 

P.  depressus,  var.  a  \,  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  II.,  19  ;  Ed.  Lee, 
II.,  449. 

Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Colorado.  Easily  known  by  the 
more  elongate  form,  and  longer  humeral  carina;  the  labrum  is 
broadly  trilobed,  the  middle  lobe  wider  than  the  side  lobes;  the 
mandibles  are  more  finely  striate  than  usual;  the  elytra  are  as 
widely  margined  as  in  P.  depressus,  but  are  more  convex,  and  the 
humeral  carina  is  longer,  and  curves  outward  in  front;  traces  of 
very  fine  rows  of  punctures  ap^jroximate  by  pairs  may  sometimes 
be  seen ;  the  hind  tibia  and  tarsi  are  less  slender  than  in  P.  depres- 
sus, and  the  former  in  the  $,  are  densely  pubescent  on  the  inner  side, 
near  the  tip. 

Old  specimens  are  found  in  this,  as  in  other  species  in  which  the 
labrum  is  worn  almost  straight  in  front.  The  side  margins  of  the 
prothorax  and  elytra  are  usually  bright  blue. 


10.     P.  puiK'tulatus,  Hakl.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  Pliila.,  L,  299. 

Alabama,  Texas,  and  Western  States  to  Illinois.  Of  the  same 
form  as  P.  depressus,  but  differing  by  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  less 
slender  and  less  elongated;  the  former  in  the  ^  are  densely  pubes- 
cent near  the  tip  on  the  inner  face.  The  labrum  is  feebly  and 
broadly  lobed,  with  the  middle  lobe  wider,  scarcely  separated  from 
the  side  lobes.  The  elytra  are  as  widely  margined  as  in  P.  depres- 
sus, and  the  humeral  carina  is  about  as  long ;  in  most  specimens 
rows  of  punctures  slightly  approximate  by  pairs  may  be  seen,  but  in 


273 

some  individuals  they  are  not  visible.  The  mandibles  arc  rather 
coarsely  striate,  sometimes  nearly  smooth.  The  side  margins  of 
prothorax  and  elytra  usually  are  blue. 

11.     P.  callfornit'us,  Chaud.,  Bull.  Mosc,  1350,  II.,  437. 

P.  punetulatus  %,  Lee.  (nee.  Ilald.)  Ann.  Lye.,  New  York,  IV.  pi. 

VII.,  f.  3. 
P.  validus,  Lee.  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phil.,  2d.  IV.,  14,  pi.  IV.,  f.  10. 
P.  corpulcntus,  Lee.  ibid.  15. 

Texas,  northwards  to  Colorado  and  Utah.  Easily  known  by  the 
very  short  humeral  carina;  the  size  is  usually  greater  than  in  the 
other  species  of  this  group.  The  labrum  is  trilobed,  the  middle 
lobe,  when  not  worn,  prominent,  a  little  wider  than  the  side  lobes ; 
the  mandibles  are  deeply  striate;  the  joints  2-4  of  the  antennae  are 
more  strongly  compressed  and  carinate  than  iu  the  other  species; 
the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  are  less  elongated  and  less  slender  than  in 
P.  depressus,  and  the  former  in  $  are  very  densely  pubescent  on  the 
inner  face,  near  the  tip.  When  rows  of  punctures  are  visible  on  the 
elytra  they  are  approximated  by  pairs ;  the  side  margin  is  feebly 
tinged  with  bluish,  and  is  narrower  than  in  depressits,  though  wider 
than  in  duplicatus  and  costifer. 

P.  co7jndentus  is  probably  a  form  of  this  species ;  the  elytra  are 
proportionally  broader  and  more  rounded  on  the  sides,  the  man- 
dibles nearly  smooth,  and  the  middle  lobe  of  the  labrum  less 
prominent. 

BUT..  BUP.  80C.  NAT.  SCI.  (35)  PEBBUART,  1874. 


274 


XXVI.    Description  of  tvv'o  new  Noctuidae  from  the 

Atlantic  District 

BY   H.    K.   MOREISOX,   CAMBRIDGE,   MASS. 

[Bead  before  this  Society,  February  13,  1874.] 

Valeria  Grotei,  nov.  sp. 

Eyes  naked,  dark  green,  witli  numerous  black  spots.  Antennae  strongly 
ciliated.  Palpi  slight,  with  the  first  two  joints  light  brown,  the  third  black, 
tipped  with  whitish.  Front,  vertex  and  collar  clothed  with  dense,  fine,  dark 
brown  hair.  A  transverse  black  line  on  the  prothorax.  Thorax  stout,  clothed 
with  long,  thick,  mingled  black,  brown  and  whitish  tipped  hairs.  A  dorsal 
patch  of  white  hair  just  behind  the  prothoracic  black  line.  Abdomen  yellow- 
ish gray,  with  a  black  band  between  each  of  the  segments  and  with  a  conspic- 
uous black  tuft  on  the  seventh  segment.  Beneath,  breast  and  legs  clothed 
with  long  blackish  hairs,  abdomen  lighter.  Anterior  wings,  above,  dark  oliva- 
ceous brown,  squamation  coarse  and  rough.  Ordinary  lines  fine,  black,  hardly 
perceptible  on  account  of  the  depth  of  the  ground  color ;  exterior  line  gemi- 
nate, its  outer  line  less  distinct,  strongly  projected  inwardly,  below  the  cell 
irregularly  dentate.  Interior  line  geminate,  interrupted.  Median  shade  black- 
ish, diffused.  All  the  nervules  are  irregularly  marked  with  blackish,  particu- 
larly the  median  branches.  A  black  elongate  spot  on  the  fourth  median 
nervule  near  its  termination.  Subterminal  line  white,  its  superior  portion 
iindulating,  or  zigzag  inferiorly,  forming  a  broad  inward  curve  enclosing  the 
black  spot  on  the  fourth  median  nervule.  Orbicular  small  in  proportion  to 
the  reniform,  whitish,  clearly  defined,  with  an  internal  black  aunulus.  Reni- 
form  very  large,  white,  diffused,  crossed  interiorly  by  a  brown  shade  line,  the 
rudiment  of  an  anuulus.  A  series  of  four  or  five  white  costal  spots  above 
the  reniform.  A  sub-triangular  glaucous  blotch  with  its  base  resting  on 
the  inner  margin  a  little  before  the  inner  angle.  A  series  of  black  dots 
at  the  base  of  the  fringe,  followed  by  a  marginal  whitish  outwardly  scol- 
loped line.  Posterior  wings  white,  slightly  yellowish.  Median  line  formed 
of  black  dots  ou  the  nervules ;  outer  margin  of  the  wing  more  or  less  clouded 
with  black  atoms.  There  are  traces  of  a  subterminal  pale  line  and  a  fine  ter- 
minal black  line  formed  of  united  lunules  ;  from  the  median  line  outward  the 
nervules  are  strongly  marked  with  black  ;  the  discal  dot  beneath  shows  faintly 
above.  Anterior  wings,  beneath,  powdered  with  fine  black  atoms.  A  pale 
glaucous  border,  broad  and  suffused  along  the  inner  margin,  narrower  and 
clearly  defined  along  the  outer  margin.  Costal  margin  tinged  with  ochreous. 
Disc  gray,  with  gray  hairs  following  the  course  of  the  median  nervure  and  at 
the  base  of  the  wing.     Reniform  spot  reproduced  beneath,  whitish,  with  a 


275 

black  linear  center;  rudiments  of  the  exterior  line  in  spots  near  the  costa. 
Median  branches  marlced  in  black.  Powterior  wings,  beneath,  white,  tinged 
with  oclireoiis.  Costa  and  costal  angle  more  conspicuously  ochreous.  Discal 
dot  round,  black,  distinct.  Median  line  subobsolete,  punctiform  ;  black  atoms 
border  the  costa  and  outer  margin,  accumulated  at  the  costal  angle. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.  Length  of  hodij,  16  m.  in.  Ilahitat,  Massa- 
chusetts. Specimens  taken  iu  Cambridge  from  April  10th  to  26th. 
Coll.  H.  K.  Morrison. 

This  is  the  first  species  of  Valeria  which  has  been  discovered 
in  North  America;  it  belongs  to  the  same  section  of  the  genus  as 
the  European  V.  oleagina  ( W.  V.),  than  which  its  wings  are  more 
elongate,  and  antennae  slightly  less  pectinated.  Our  species  has  a 
marked  bombvciform  appearance,  caused  by  the  pectinated  anten- 
nae, the  short,  robust  thorax  and  abdomen,  the  former  thickly 
clothed,  and  by  the  peculiar  squamation.  It  has  also  a  superficial 
resemblance  to  the  common  Iladena  adjuncta  {Boisd.),  caused  by 
the  conspicuous  white  reniform  and  orbicular. 

I  have  dedicated  this  interesting  species  to  my  kind  friend  Mr. 
A.  E.  Grote,  to  whom  I  am  much  indebted  for  aid  in  my  ento- 
mological work. 

Ablepharoii  fmnosum,  nov.  sp. 

Palpi  outwardly  and  legs  inwardly  concolorous  with  the  breast,  which  is 
blackish  drab,  tibiae  and  tarsi  outwardly  and  the  front  lighter  drab.  Thorax 
and  anterior  wings  above  dark  shining  brownish  drab,  the  color  slightly 
increasing  in  depth  from  the  base  outwards.  From  the  base  beneath  the  me- 
dian nervure  there  is  a  light  linear  shade  extending  one-third  the  length  of 
the  cell.  All  the  nervules  are  marked  with  lighter  drab,  particularly  towards 
their  termination.  The  proximity  of  the  costal  branches  gives  the  costal 
margin  an  evident  lighter  appearance.  Posterior  wings,  above,  uniform  dark 
shining  drab ;  wings  beneath  dark  drab,  nervules  of  both  wings  lighter,  but 
not  so  conspicuously  so  as  on  the  anteriors  above.  Anteriors  with  the  costal 
margin,  and  a  central  shade  proceeding  from  the  base,  of  a  brownish  drab.  A 
diffused  blackish  spot  at  the  termination  of  the  cell. 

Expanse,  36  m.  m.  Length  of  lody,  14  m.  m.  Ilahitat,  Massa- 
chusetts. May  24th  and  26th.  Coll.  H.  K.  Morrison.  Closely 
allied  to  A.  Henrici,  with  which  it  agrees  iu  form  and  structure. 

This  species  may,  by  the  discovery  of  intermediate  specimens,  be 
considered  an  abnormal  variety  of  Ilenrici,  but  at  present  and  until 
further  material  is  obtained,  I  am  disposed  to  think  it  distinct,  in 
which  opinion  Mr.  Grote  concurs. 


276 


XXVII.    Rectification  of  Treitschke's  use  of  Hiibner's 
generic  term  "Cynnatophora" 

BY   LEON    F.   HARVEY,   A.   M.,   M.   D. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  February  13, 1874. J 

"Cymatophora,"  a  generic  term,  first  appears  in  Hiibner's  Ten- 
tamen.*  The  date  of  that  paper  cannot  be  now,  perhaps,  accu- 
rately ascertained,  but  we  can  sufficiently  approximate  it,  for  our 
present  jiurpose.  In  his  "Verzeichniss"  (1816),  Hiibner  makes 
mention  of  the  Tentamen  in  the  preface,  saying  that  he  had  in- 
tended publishing  a  catalogue,  and  had  issued  the  Tentamen  as  a 
preliminary  step.  We  also  find  an  allusion  to  it  in  the  fourth  vol- 
ume of  Ochsenheimer's  work  (afterwards  continued  by  Treitschke), 
published  in  181G,  in  the  following  words:  "Dieses  Blatt  kam  mir 
erst  lange  nach  dem  Abdrucke  des  dritten  Bandes  zu  Gesichte, 
daher  konnte  ich  friiher  nichts  davon  aufnehmen."  Therefore  it 
must  have  been  issued  between  the  years  1808  and  1816. 

"Whilst  studying  the  Geometridae,  my  attention  was  called  to 
Hiibner's  use  of  the  term  Cymatophora  in  his  Samm.  Exot.  Sch. 
He  gives  in  his  Tentamen,  under  the  Geometridae,  the  European 
Eoboraria  as  the  type  of  his  genus  Cymatophora,  which  shows  that 
Treitschke  had  no  authority  for  his  later  use  of  that  generic  term 
in  the  Noctuidae.  If  now,  in  1874,  we  read  the  Verzeichniss,  we 
must  be  struck  with  the  fact  that  we  are  realizing  Hiibner's  con- 
ceptions in  1816,  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  before.  And  we 
must  feel  that  his  general  ideas  of  classification,  with  so  scant  ma- 
terial upon  which  to  base  his  conclusions,  Avitli  but  few  predecessors 
to  have  broken  ground  for  him,  were  good.  We  can  now  see  that 
his  conceptions  of  the  proper  divisions  and  subdivisions  of  the 
Lepidoptera  were  far  truer  than  those  of  the  writers  by  whom  he 
was  more  immediately  followed.     Whilst  Hiibner  in  his  life-time 

♦Reprinted  in  fac  simile  by  Samuel  H.  Scudder,  Cambridge,  U.  S.  A.,  1873. 


277 

wiis  oblig-eil  to  losJL',  throu<;'!i  Treitscliku's  inis;ippliciitioii.s,  the  I)est 
part  oi'  liis  work,  find  sulU'red  tlie  misfortune  of  l)eing  ignored  by 
Boisduviil,  he  yet  may  have  felt  "that  Time,  the  unfailing  discov- 
erer," would  preserve  his  ini})tTishable  thoughts.  Iliibner's  genera 
now  speak  for  him,  dead,  whilst  Treitsclike  and  his  followers  will 
be,  perhaps,  less  honorably  remembered. 

The  results  of  v.  Heinemauu's  most  recent  anatomical  researches 
into  the  structure  of  the  group  now  known  as  Cymatophorinae 
(which,  however,  must  apparently  receive  the  name  of  Bomhyciae, 
used  by  Hiibner),  compared  with  the  arrangement  of  Hiibner  in 
the  Verzeichniss,  shows  us  that  in  1816  the  group  is  already  circum- 
scribed, the  proper  genera  associated,  and,  with  one  or  two  unim- 
portant changes,  the  genera  those  of  to-day  with  other  names. 
In  the  Tentamen,  Bomhycia  Or  is  made  the  type  of  the  genus,  and 
to-day  the  priority  of  this  action  must  be  recognized. 

The  European  species  must  stand  as  follows : 


Subfamily,  BOMBYCIAE,  Hubner  (Verz.,  1816). 
Tribe,  Pavidae  {Hiibner). 
(=  Verae,  Grote.) 

A.  Eyes  hairy  ;  antennae  simple  : 

POLYPLOCA,  Hubner  (1816). 

Type  :  P.  xanthocerog,  Borkh. 

Species :  ridens  (Fabr.)  {=xanthoceros). 
fiavicoruis  {L.)  Tr. 

B.  Eyes  hairy ;  antennae  pectinate  : 

ASPHALIA,  Hubner  (181G). 
{—Scodra,  v.  Hein.) 

Type:  Noctua  ruficollis,  Schijf. 
Species :  ruficollis  {D.  and  S.). 


278 

C.  Eyes  naked;  stout  species,  tliickly  haired;  head  sunken;  abdomen 

exceeding  the  hind  wings  : 

BOMBYCIA,  Uahner  (Tentamen). 

Type  :  Noctua  Or  {D.  and  S.). 

Species :  Or  (Z).  and  S.). 

ocularis  {L.)  {—octogesiina). 
diluta  {D.  and  S.). 

D.  Eyes  naked  ;  body  slender ;  head  not  sunken  ;  scantily  haired  ;  abdo- 

men not  exceeding  the  hind  wings  : 

TETHEA,  Euhner  (1816). 

Type:  Noctua  duplaris,  Linn. 

Species :  duplaris  {Linn.). 
fluctuosa,  Hiibner. 

We  have  seen  no  North  American  species  of  the  tribe  Pavidae. 
Mr.  Walker  has  described  one  from  Canada.  In  the  Proceedings  of 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  October  6,  1873,  appears  the 
description  of  one  by  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards.  After  a  careful  study  of 
this  description  we  are  compelled  to  think  the  species  erroneously 
generically  determined.  No  structural  points  are  spoken  of,  and 
no  comparisons  are  made  with  the  European  species  of  the  group 
to  which  it  is  said  to  belong. 

Treitschke  seems  to  have  had  a  fancy  for  Hiibner's  generic  names, 
and  has  used  them  without  hesitation  in  his  work,  but  he  applied 
them  usually  in  a  totally  different  sense.  He  used  the  generic  term 
"Boarmia"  in  the  place  of  Hiibner's  Cymatophora,  and  in  this  he 
has  been  followed.  But  what  regard  for  the  laws  of  zoological  no- 
menclature can  be  shown  in  retaining  that  name,  when  the  species 
must,  by  priority  of  designation,  be  referred  to  Cymatophora  ? 


279 


XXVIII.    Determination  of  Brazilian  Sphingidae 
collected  by  Mr.  Charles  Linden 

BY   AUG.   R.   GllOTE. 
[Read  before  tUs  Society,  February  15, 1874.] 

During  a  journey  on  the  Amazonas,  accomplished  last  year,  Mr. 
Charles  Linden  was  fortunate  in  making  a  large  and  valuable  col- 
lection of  insects,  chiefly  Lepidoptera,  now  incorporated  with  the 
entomological  collection  of  this  Society.  I  give  in  the  present 
paper  a  list  of  the  Sphingidae,  with  Mr.  Linden's  memoranda  added 
in  quotation  marks.  With  the  exception  of  Callenyo  carinata,  there 
are  none  of  the  species  which  do  not  seem  to  be  widely  distributed. 

Aellopos  Titan  (Cramer). 
"  Santarem  ;  June." 

Eupyrrho^lossnm  Cecnlus  {Cramer). 
"  September  ;  Rhome's  Plantation." 

Hemeroplaiies  Oiclus  {Cramer). 
"  Eastern  Marajo  ;  August." 

Quite  distinct  from  H.  pseudotliyreus,  Grofe,  in  the  shape  of  the 
external  margin  of  the  primaries,  the  straight  transverse  posterior 
band  and  the  conformation  of  the  argent  discal  spots ;  in  color 
more  brownish  than  in  Cramer's  figure. 

Callenyo  cliloroptera  {Pcrty). 

"  Rhome's  Plantation  (forty  miles  below  Santarem) ;  June." 

I  take  this  species  as  the  type  of  the  new  genus,  intermediate 
betAveen  Enyo  and  Perigonia,  and  defined  as  a  group  by  Mr.  Walker, 
C.  B.  M.,  Sphing.,  p.  117. 


280 

Calleiiyo  cariiiata  {Walker). 
"Rhome's  Plantation  ;  June." 

A  second  species  of  the  genus  and  agreeing  with  Mr.  Walker's  de- 
scription. C.  carinata  presents  a  resemblance  to  Pachylia  resumens 
by  the  banded  abdomen,  and  this  is  probably  remembered  by 
Walker  in  his  observation  on  the  resemblances  of  Pachylia,  page 
189,  1.  c. ;  while  the  substance  of  Mr.  Walker's  remark  has  been 
dissented  from  by  Dr.  Clemens. 

Philampelus  Aucliemolus  {Cramer). 
"  Para ;  August ;  found  dead." 

The  specimen  is  covered  with  a  singular  epiphytous  growth,  not 
unlike  Cramer's  representation  on  Plate  267,  A-B. 

Pachylia  inornata  {Clemens). 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  June." 

Metopsilus  tersa  {Linn). 
"  Rliome's  Plantation  ;  August." 
Not  sejiarable  from  the  United  States  and  Cuban  species. 

Pseudospliinx  tetrio  {Linn.). 
"  Santarem ;  May." 

Argeus  labruscae  {Linn). 
"  Para ;  August." 

At  the  late  meeting  of  the  American  Association  at  Portland, 
Prof.  C.  V.  Eiley  submitted  a  specimen  of  this  species  to  me  which 
had  been  captured  in  Missouri. 

Amplionyx  Antaeus  {Drury). 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  August." 

The  validity  of  Professor  Poey's  genus  is  impugned  without 
argument  by  Maasen,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit,  S.  54,  1870.  I  consider  it 
incontestable.  The  record  of  Acherontia  Styx  or  Acherontia  Atro- 
pos  made  on  S.  55, 1.  c,  from  Mexico,  must  be  ascribed  to  an  error 
in  the  locality. 


28 1 

Blacrosila  caroHiia  {Linn.). 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  August." 

Not  sopamble  from  (he  United  States  and  Cuban  species. 


Macrosila  t'iii!;'ulata  {Fab}\). 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  August." 

Not  separable  from  tlic  United  States  and  Cuban  species. 

Dilopliouota  Ocuotnis  (Cramer). 

Erinnyis  Oenotrus,  Grote,  Splung.  Cuba,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  fig.  3. 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  August." 

Diloyltonola  Stliciio  {Hnhner). 
"  Rhome's  Plantation  ;  August." 

The  specimen  seems  to  agree  sufficiently  with  Hiibner's  fig.  3, 
but  is  not  well  ])rescrved. 

BUL.  BUF.  SOC.  NAT.  FCI.  (30)  MARCH,  1874. 


282 


ERRATA  ET  ADDENDA. 


Page      G,  line  4,  for  "  Plate  2"  read  "  Plate  1." 

20,  after  line  13  insert  "  Massachusets  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania." 
"       21,    "        "      6  insert  "  Type:  Dupo  jussieuae, //u^/ier." 
"       21,    "        "    22  insert  "  Philampelus  Linnei.G.  &U." 

27,  to  line  13  add"  — " 

27,      "       15  add"  —  " 

29,  line  24,  for  "  tliis  "  read  "  the." 
"       4G,  last  line,  for  "  1'  tliick  "  read  "  1"  thick." 

47,  line    4,  for  "  Heydnum  "  read  "  Hydnum." 
"       47,    "       9,  for  "hygroyhanous"  read  "hygroplianus." 

50,    "     31,  for  "  2-4'  thick  "  read  "  2"-4"  thick." 

5!3,    "     20,  for  "  Heygrocybe  "  read  "  Hygrocybe." 

56,    "     34,  for  "Caraghan"  read  "Croghau." 
"       G5,    "     18,  for  "  enchinulate  "  read  "  echinulate." 

70,    "     20,  for  ".004'"  read  ".04'." 

90,    "       4,  (foot  note)  for  "  imhiillt "  read  "  umhullt." 

90,    "       5,  (  do.  )  for  "  Penthinen-artigen  "  read  "  Penthinenartiger." 

90,    "       6,  (  do.  )  for  "  eiueu  "  read  "  einem." 
"      100,    "       2,  for  "  Publicatoins  "  read  "  Publications." 

{Mamestra  subjuiicta,  Grote. 
Iludena  subjuncta,  G.  &  R. 
Habitat,  Atlantic  District. 

"  107,  line  30,  for  "  remind  "  read  "  reminds." 

"  110,    "    10,  dele  "  SM&JM/icia." 

"  112,    "    11,  for  "  evanida  "  read  "  evanidum." 

"  112,    "    22,  for  "  Ommatospila  "  read  "  Ommatostola." 

"  116,    "      4,  for  "  else  all  the  tibiae  without  spines,"  read  "else  the 
tibiae  without  spines  ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose." 

"  145,    "      1,  (foot  note)  for  "  Hand  "  read  "  Hande." 


2x:! 


INDEX  TO  PLATES. 


1  to  3 

4. 


Mellilla  cliamaeclirvsaria. 


Tortrix  Georgiana. 
5.     Tortrix  Houstonana. 
G.     Hemaris  tenuis. 

7.  Hemaris  Thetis. 

8.  Hemaris  dilfinis. 

9.  Hemaris  axillaris. 


10.  Hemaris  marginalis. 

11.  Phasiane  mellistrigata. 

12  and  13.     Lomanaltes  laetulus. 

14.  Leucania  Harveyi. 

15.  Ablei)haron  Ilenrici. 

16.  Ablepliaron  evanidum. 


II. 


1.  A  crony  eta  sperata. 

2.  Litognatlia  nubilifascia  2  . 

3.  Litognatlia  nubilifascia  $  . 

4  to  6.     Pbaecasiopliora  mutabilana. 

7.  Megliypena  velifera. 

8.  Pentbina  Blakeana. 
!).  Pentbina  matutina. 

10.  Pentbina  toreuta. 


11.  Agrotis  pitychrous. 

12.  Botis  badipennis. 

13.  Eurycreon  cbortalis. 

14.  Acronycta  ovata. 

15.  Pbaecasiopliora?  niveiguttana. 

16.  Cloantba  ramosula. 

17.  Cloantba  vomerina. 

18.  Cloantba  evicta. 


III. 


1.  Anytus  sculptus. 

2.  Mamestra  Fanibami. 

3.  Cucullia?  Yoseuiitae. 

4.  Ufeus  satyricus. 

5.  Heliotbis  Meadi. 

6.  Heliotbis  pauxillus. 

7.  Heliotbis  initis. 


9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 


Oncocnemis  Dayi. 
Oncocnemis  Cbandleri. 
Heliotbis  suetus. 
Heliotbis  persimilis. 
Heliolonche  modicella. 
Oncocnemis  Hayesi. 
Agrotis  balanitis. 


IV 


Plusia  Pasipbaeia. 
Plusia  Putnanii. 
Agrotis  W'ilsoni. 
Agrotis  Vancouverensis. 
Admetovis  oxymorus. 
Eupsephopaectes  procinctus. 
Annapbila  danistica. 
Axenus  arvalis. 
Mamestra  cuneata. 


10.  Pleonectopoda  Lewisi. 

11.  Xylomiges  patalis. 

12.  Mamestra  cbartaria. 

13.  Annapbila  depicta. 

14.  Annapbila  diva. 

15.  Diantboecia  4-lineata. 
10.  INIamestra  niveiguttata. 

17.  Oncocnemis  Glennyi. 

18.  Ammoconia  badicollis. 


284 


1. 

2. 
3. 


V. 


Argyrophj-es  cilicoides  (head). 
Argyrophyes  cilicoides  {prim(iry). 
Argyrophyes    cilicoides    {second- 
ary). 


5. 


Coiidylolomia  participialis 

(  $  primary). 
Condylolomia  participialis 

(secondary). 


Gramraysia  Chemungensis. 


VI. 


VII. 


View  looking  west  from  Serra  of  Parauaquara. 


[Explanations  to  Plates  VIII.  to  X.  face  the  Plates.] 


1.  Heteropaclia  Rileyana. 

2.  Heterocampa  subrotata  $  . 

3.  Heterocampa  celtiphaga. 

4.  Heterocampa  subrotata  ?  . 


XL 


5.  Larentia  Oeneiformis. 

6.  Bapta  viatica. 

7.  Scotosia  dubitata. 


285 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Ablepharon  evanidum 113,  283 

fumosum 275 

Henrici 113 

Acronycta  connecta 7i) 

insolita 82 

lepiisculina   130 

lupini    79 

sperata   81 

Adipsoplianes  miscellus 181 

Adiuetovis  osymorus 133 

Aecidium  album. 68 

Gerardiae 08 

Hydrophylli 08 

Lycopi 08 

Aellopus  Titan 379 

Agaricus  Acericola 50 

albissimus 45 

albocreniilatus   49 

bellulus 51 

callistus   53 

cerasinus   50 

coloreus   46 

connexus   45 

Coprinoides 53 

cyaneus 49 

decorosus 42 

diminutivus 53 

discolor 50 

discomorbidus 52 

expansus 52 

f  allax 44 

flavescens 42 

foliomarginatus 49 

f  uscofolius 49 

f  uscosquameus 41 

geminellus 51 

Gerardianus 40 

granulans    49 

griseoscabrosus 51 


Page. 

Agaricus  Hebelonia 45 

herbarium 53 

liirtosquamulosus 53 

Howeanus   53 

lacunosus 43 

laterarius 43 

Limonium 43 

maculosus   45 

minutulus   47 

miratus 48 

multipunctatus 43 

myriadophyllus 47 

oblitus 41 

olivarius 48 

pallidomarginatus 50 

ponderosus 43 

phyllogenus 54 

roseocandidus 47 

rubicundus 43 

rugosodiscus 48 

russeloides 41 

stellatosporus 51 

sterilomarginatus 48 

subcaeruleus 47 

subzonalis   46 

succosus 46 

thujinus 44 

Truncicola 46 

viresceus 44 

Agrotis  atrifrons 97 

auxiliaris 96 

balanitis 97 

f  umalis 98 

herilis 99 

mimallonis 98 

pitychrous 82 

4-dentata 99 

repentis 96 

saucia 135 


28G 


Pi\<;e. 

Agrotis  sexatilis 100 

subgothica 99 

Vancouverensis 134 

Wilsoni 135 

Alaria  florida 147 

Ainmoconia  badicollis 136 

Amphipyra  depressus 143 

pyramidoides 143 

Amplionyx  Antaeus 280 

Anaphora  agrotipennella 174 

Androloma  Lorquinii 30 

Anuaphila  danistica 151 

depicta 150 

diva 150 

Anomis  xylina 123,  170 

Anytus  capax 145 

sculptus 145 

Argeus  labruscae 280 

Argillopbora  furcilla 124 

Argyropliyes  cilicoides 175 

Asopia  costalis 171 

olinalis 171 

Aspergillus  fuliginosus G9 

Axenus  arvalis 152 

Bapta  viatica 2G5 

Boletus  affinis 59 

amplisporus 60 

modestus   59 

pallidus GO 

separans 59 

Bomoloclia  abalieualis 38 

Baltimoralis 38 

bijugalis 38 

madefactalid   38 

manalis 38 

Botis  badipennis 88 

gentilis 173 

magistralis    173 

subdentalis   173 

uniina(;ula    88 

Brotolomia  iris  110 

Calasyuibolus  Astylus 23,  184 

Callenyo  carinata 280 

chloro])tera 279 

Callicista  ocellifera 178 

Calpe  Canadensis 114 

Caradrina  miranda 11,  1G9 

Charaaesesia  gracilis 8,  18 


Piige. 

Cliariclea  exprimens 124 

Clionetes  Comstockii 250 

Herbert  Smitliii 251 

Oneitiana 253 

Cliytolita  morbidalis 39 

Clasterisporium  pedunculatum. .  69 

Clavaria  clavata 62 

pusilla G2 

Cloantba  evicta 84 

ramosula 83 

vomerina   84 

Colobocliyla  interpuncta 170 

Concliylis  straminoides 16 

Condylolomia  participalis 177 

Coprinus  angulatus 54 

insignis 54 

variegatus 54 

Corticium  bicolor    62 

Cortinarius  Clintonianus 55 

lignarius  . , 56 

lilacinus 55 

longipes 55 

modestus   55 

nigrellus 56 

pulclier 56 

spliaerosporeus 55 

Craterellus  caespitosus 61 

Craterium  obovatum 64 

Cucullia?  Yosemitae 113,  145 

Cyrtina  ?  curupira 242 

Deuterollyta  borealis 177 

Diantboecia  meditata 104 

Diderma  crustaceuui 63 

farinaceum G3 

Mariae-Wilsoni 64 

Didymium  connatura 64 

Diloplionota  Oenotrus 281 

Stheno 281 

Dinemasporium  acerinuni  65 

Kobiniae 65 

Discina  lodensis  257 

Drasteria  caerulea 155 

convalescens 154 

ereclitea 155 

ericlito 154 

Erysiphe  Euphorbiae 70 

Euclidia  cuspidea 154 

EuctenucUa  ocUroscapsus 33 


2S7 


P:igo. 

Eiiliypi'iia  sordululu 38 

toii'uta 38 

Eij])sepliopaectes  prociuctus. . . .     138 

Eupyri'lioi^lossimi  C'ociilus 279 

Eurycreon  chortalis 99 

Eurymene  excavaiia 189 

Esobasidiuni  Andromidae 63 

Azaloae 03 

Fidonia  liiuetaria 88 

Uanoris  oleracea  var.  borealis  . . .   185 

(jooglotjsuiu  simile 70 

Glaucopsycho  Couperi 185,  198 

Lygdamus 198 

Gortyna  purpurifascia 143 

Graiiiiiiyf^ia  CluMuungeusis 199 

Gnuulioia  coriaria Gl 

Grapholitlia  disteiua 92 

Habrosyne  scripta 77,  129 

Iladcna  adjuncta 108 

apamiformis 109 

arctica 108,  142 

aaranticolor 109 

Bridgluuni 108,  142 

coufusa 110 

devastator 108,  142 

diibitans 108,142,190 

iiupulsa 108 

lignicolor 109 

mucens 110 

rurea 109 

sectilis 109 

sputator   190 

turbulenta ISO 

verbascoides 109 

vulgaris   110 

Ilaomorrliagia  Butlalocnsis 8 

Floridensis , 8 

f  uscicaudis 8 

gracilis 8 

Tliysbe 8 

unifonnis 8 

llarveya  auripenuis 126 

Helioclieilus  paradoxus 123 

Heliolonche  modicella. .  .116,  148,  282 

Heliothis  arciferus 119 

armigera 122,  149 

atrites 119 

binus 11!) 


P;iK«'. 

IlflloMiis  briivis 119 

Californiciis 149 

celeris 148 

citrinolliis 122 

diminutivus 148 

hirtellus 118 

jaguarinus  120 

lynx 120 

Mcadi    121 

iiiitis 1 10 

mortuus 120 

nobilis 120 

nundiuus   121 

Packard! 120 

pauxillus 118 

persimilis 117 

})hlogophagiis 122,  149 

proruptus 118 

spinosae 118 

Spraguei 120 

suetus 117 

tuberculuiu 1 19 

villosus 117 

Hemarls  axillaris G 

diffinis 5 

marginalis G 

tenuis 4 

Thetis 5 

Hemeroplanes  Oiclus 279 

Hesperia  communis 108 

Heterocampa  celtiphaga 2G3 

subrotata  2G3 

Heteropacha  Rileyana 262 

Homobadena  badistriga 181 

Hydroecia  catapbracta 142 

cerussata 110 

inquaesita 110 

limpida 110 

niarginidens Ill 

nebris 1  U 

nitcla Ill 

rutila Ill 

speciosissima Ill 

Hypena  citata 37 

evanidalis 37 

Humuli 37 

Hypomyces  polyporinus 71 

Ilyjipa  xylinoides 110 

i 


288 


I'Hge. 

Ipimorplia  pleonectusa 11)1 

Lactarius  Gerardi 57 

regalis    57 

Laotlioe  modesta 24 

Larentia  Oeneiformis 264 

Lenzites  vialis 59 

Lepipolys  perscripta 147 

Lingula  Gragana 259 

Kodriguezii 260 

spatulata '?   258 

Stauntoniana 259 

Leucania  evanida 10 

Harveyi 9 

Henrici 10 

Litognatlia  litophora 86 

nubilifascia 85 

Lomanaltes  laetulus 14 

Lycaena  cassius  var.  floridensis. .   187 

pseudofea 186 

Lycopodon  pedicillatum 63 

Lygrautlioecia  marginata. . .  .115,  182 

Thoreaui 115,182 

Macrosila  Carolina 281 

cingulata 281 

Macrosporium  Chartarium 69 

Mamestra  albifusa 104 

brassicae 104 

chartaria 138 

clienopodii 104 

claviplena 194 

cuneata 139 

Faruhami 103 

grandis 103 

imbrifera 102 

latex 103 

leucogramma 140 

nimbosa 102 

niveiguttata 140 

purpurissata 102 

4-lineata 140 

Bubjuncta 282 

Marasmius  caespitosus 58 

glabellas 58 

longipes 58 

semiliirtipes 57 

straminipes 59 

umbonatus 58 

Megliypena  lentiginosa 87 


Page. 

Megliypena  velifera 87 

Mellilla  cliamaechrysaria 18 

Metopsiliis  tersa 280 

Microspbaera  Russelii 70 

Nectria  Apocyni. ...    71 

mycetopliila 71 

Noctua  clandestina 143 

Nolaphaua  malana 169 

Zelleri 169 

Oeta  gemmata 93 

Oucocnemis  Chandleri 107,  142 

Dayi 105 

Gleunyi 141 

Hayesi 100 

Ommatostola  Lintneri 112 

Ortliis  Nettoana 247 

Pacliylia  inornata 280 

Papilio  brevicauda 185 

Pasimachus  depressus 270 

duplicatus 271 

elongatus 272 

marginatus 269 

niexicanus 270 

obsoletus ....  272 

punctulatus 272 

strenuus 267 

sublaevis 268 

subsulcatus 269 

Paxillus  strigosus 56 

Pentliina  Blakeana 91 

matutiua 92 

toreuta 92 

Pericbaena  fiavida 65 

Periconia  Azaleae 69 

Peridermium  cerebrum 68 

Peziza  Solenia 70 

Pbaecasiopbora  mutabilaua 90 

?  niveiguttana 91 

Pbasiane  mellistrigata 12 

Pbilampelus  Ancbemolus 280 

Philometra  longilabris 40 

serraticornis 40 

Pbysarum  caespitosum 64 

pulcberripes 64 

Pityolita  pedipillalis 39 

Plagiomimicus  pityocliromus. . . .   182 

Pleonectopoda  Lewisi 137 

Platliypeua  scabra 38 


2S9 


I'agc. 

I'lutiia  coutcxtii 193 

Ni 147 

Papiiiliacia 140 

Piituami 110,  V,)2 

striatella 194 

Polyporus  attenuatus 01 

caeruleoporus (!0 

fiavidus 01 

griseus 00 

spleudens 01 

Protouiyces  Erytlironii 07 

Pseudasopia  s<iuainealis 172 

Pseudosphinx  tetrio 280 

Puccinea  angustata 07 

cryptotaenia GO 

linearis 07 

Lobeliae 06 

jNIariae-Wilsoni 00 

obtecta 00 

pulcliella GO 

Retzia  Jamesiana 243 

Wardiana 245 

Rliynclaonolla  dotis 246 

Khytisma  linearis 71 

Roestelia  aurantiaca 08 

Russula  sordida 57 

Scopelosoma  sidus 191 

Walkeri 19S? 

Scotosia  dubitata 264 

Si)haeria  Desmodii 72 

Stapbylina 72 

Spiloloma  luniliuea 127 

Spirifera  Elizae 239 

Pedroana 237 


Spirifera  Valenteana 241 

Stemonitis  urbatica 04 

Stereuiii  radiatuiu 02 

Stilbum  ramosum GO 

Streptorliyuclius  Agassizii 248 

Streptotlirix  abietina 09 

Sudariophora  callitrichoides  ....  170 

Syneda  Howlandi 154 

Terebratula  Derbyana 236 

Taraclie  flavipennis 153 

terniinimaculata 153 

Tliecla  inodesta 188 

Tlieleopliora  Willeyi 62 

Tortrix  Georgiana 15 

Houstonaua 15 

Tremella  colorata 62 

Trichia  renifonnis 65 

Triprocris  Smitlisouiamis 35 

Tropidoleptus  cariiiatus 254 

Ufeus  plicatus 102 

satyricus 101 

Uredo  Ledicola 67 

Ustilago  Erytlironii C7 

Valeria  Grotei 274 

Vibrissea  lutea 70 

Vitulina  pustulosa 255 

Xylina  sculpta 114 

Xylomiges  curialis   143 

patalis 144 

Zauclognatha  cruralis 39 

laevigata 39,  40 

marcidilinea 39 

obscuriponnis 39 

ochreipennis 39 


BVL.  BIT.  SOC.  NAT.  SCI. 


(37) 


JIAKCU,  187-1. 


JICT 


i3 


3 


/  J 


1  •■ 


HI 


V 


S 


6     ,-^, 


b 


rf.» 


\  -  ;■    -m  ■••:■  ■■■■/ 


■a'"!^ 


7'!%^ 


^^ 


^^^^•^ 


/./y 

/^.     A 


/r^^"-^^' 


[ft 


?i*-i 


*    % 


f 


^.^ 


,,;"     -■:.^>'' 


^ 
^:\l 


11 


w 


6      ; 


■  UkT- 


^."J^ 


.^. 


w 


# 


^. 


■> 


y 


w? 


-— ^ 


■s^/nt 


V.,v: 


X^: 


■■fe^' 


(8 


'.A>..     -^ 


^^^^'Vii  -  r'-<<*^ 


Y 


\ — \ 


Yl 


GRAMMYSIA     CHEMUNGENSIS 


¥11 


fetv,  ^^ 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VIIL 

{Figures  all  of  natural  size.) 

Spii'ilera  Pedroansi,  Ilartt,  sp.  iiov.,  page  237. 

1,  4.  5  and  17.     Ventral  valves  of  large  size.     In  fig.  4  the  dental  plates 

are  seen  to  be  rather  long. 

2,  9,  13,  16  and  18.     Ventral  valves  of  medium  size. 
14.     Small  ventral  valve. 

19.     Ventral  valve,  somewhat  larger  than  fig.  14,  inclined  slightly  foi'ward, 

so  as  to  show  the  hinge  area  in  part. 
S.     Hinge  area  of  ventral  valve,  with  the  margins  of  the   fissure  partly 

broken  away. 
8  and  7.     Large  dorsal  valves. 
6  and  20.     Dorsal  valves  of  medium  size. 

Spirifera  Elizae,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  239. 

15  and  21.  Ventral  valves.  Fig.  21  is  the  most  perfect  specimen  yet 
found,  while  fig.  15  is  nuich  broken,  and  its  dental  plates  are  slightly 
curved. 

S|)irif'(M*a  Valoiitcaiia,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  241. 

11.  An  interior  mould  of  tlu^  ventral  valve,  the  only  specimen  of  this 
species  obtained. 

Kliyiiclionella  (StPiiocisma,)  dotis^  n<dl,  page  246. 

10  and  12.  Dorsal  valves.  In  fig.  12  the  margins  of  the  valve  are  par- 
tially obscured  by  the  rock,  in  which  it  is  embedded. 

(All  of  tli(^  above  specimens  are  interior  moulds.) 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VIIL 

(Figures  all  of  natural  size). 

By  a  mistake  of  the  h°liotyper  this  plate  was  reversed  and  numbered  backward.     The  following  are 
the  corrected  references: — 

SPIRIFERA  PEDROANA,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  237. 

5,  17,   18  and  21.     Ventral  valves  of  large  size.     In  fig.   18  the  dental  plates 

are  seen  to  be  rather  long. 
4,  6,  9,  13  and  20.     Ventral  valves  of  medium  "size. 
8.     Small  ventral  valve. 
3.     Ventral  valve,  somewhat  larger  than  fig.  8,  inclined  slightly  forward,  so  as 

to  show  the  hinge  area  in  part. 
14.     Hinge  area  of  ventral  valve,  with  the  margins  of  the  fissure  partly  broken 

away. 
15  and  19.     Large  dorsal  valves. 
2  and  16.     Dorsal  valves  of  medium  size. 
SFIRIP^ERA  ELIZAE,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  239. 

I  and  7.      Ventral  valves.       Fig.    i  is  the  most   perfect  specimen  yet  found, 

while  fig.  7  is  much  broken,  and  its  dental  plates  are  slightly  curved. 
SPIRIFERA  VALEXTEAXA,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  241. 

II.     An  interior  mould  of  the  ventral,  valve  the  only  specimen  of  this  species 

obtained. 
RHYNCHONELLA  (STENOCISMA,)  DOTIS,  Hall,  page  246. 

ID  and  12.     Dorsal  valves.     In  fig.   10  the  margins  of  the  valve  are  partially 

obscured  by  the  rock,  in  which  it  is  embedded. 
(All  of  the  above  specimens  are  interior  moulds,  j 


¥111 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  IX. 

{Figures  all  of  natU7'al  size.) 

Tropidoleptus  carinatxis,  Con.,  (sp.,)  page  254. 

1  and  9.     Ventral  valves.     In  fig.  1  the  plications  are  very  indistinct. 

Vitnliua  pustulosa,  Hall,  page  255. 

2,  7,  8, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21  and  27.     Ventral  valve.s.     In  figs.  7,  8  and  15,  there 

are  three  medium  sized  plications  on  the  fold,  instead  of  two  large 
ones. 
6, 11  and  32.     Dorsal  valves.     Fig.  11  shows  the  impressions  of  the  dental 
plates. 

Streptorlijiiclius  Agrassizii,  Hartt,  sp.  uov.,  page  248. 

,      10.     Small  ventral  valve,  on  which  the  radiating  raised  lines  are  well  pre- 
served and  sharp. 
10.     (lutta  percha  impression   of  an  exterior  mould  of  a   large  ventral 

valve. 
17.     Very  large  ventral  valve. 

23,  26  and  28.     Ventral  valves  of  medium  size. 

3,  Dorsal  valve,  medium  size. 

4,  25  and  2!).     Rather  large  dorsal  valves. 

30.     Interior  and  exterior  moulds  of  small  dorsal  valves,  with  the  raised 
lines  sharply  preserved. 

Cliouetes  Coiustockii,  ILirtt,  sp.  uov.,  page  250. 
5, 14,  18,  19  and  31.     Ventral  valves. 

Spirifera  Elizae,  Ilartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  239. 

22.     Fragment  of  ventral  valve,  from  the  dental  plate  of  left  side  to  left 
cardinal  extremity. 

Clioiictes 'I  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  i)age  253. 

24.  A  ventral  valve,  the  only  specimen  found. 

(Unless  otherwise  stated,  tin-  alutvo  siircinicns  an'  all  of  iiiterioi-  moulds.) 


IX 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  X. 

{Figures  all  of  natural  size.) 

Cyrtiiia '.'  Curupiraj  Rathbun,  sp.  nov.,  page  243. 
1  and  G.     Dorsal  valves. 

Retzia  Wardiana,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  345. 

3,  4,  5,  8,  11,  13  and  14.     Ventral  valves. 

16.  Ventral  valve,  with  the  plications  finer  and  more  numerous  than  in  the 
majority  of  specimens. 

3  and  9.     Dorsal  valves. 

Orthis  Nettoana,  Rathbun,  sp.  nov.,  page  247. 
7  and  13.     Ventral  valves. 
10.     Dorsal  valve. 

Terebratula  Derbyaiia,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  23(5. 
15, 18,  34  and  35.     Ventral  valves. 

17,  19,  21  and  23.     Dorsal  view  of   specimens  of   which  both   valves   are 

preserved.      The   beaks  of    the  ventral   valves   are  seen     extending 
beyond  the  dorsal  valves,  but  in  all  the  specimens  they  are  more  <»r 
less  defective. 
30.     Dorsal  valve. 

Tropidoleptns  cariiiatiis,  Von.,  (sp.,)  page  354. 

26.     Exterior  mould  of  dorsal  valve,  very  much  broken. 

Ket/Ja  Jaiuesiana,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  343. 

29,  33,  34,  36,  37  and  38.     Ventral  valves,  (^bowing   the   enlarged  uu'diau 

depression. 
37,  38,  31,  33  and  85.     Dorsal  valves. 

30.  View  of  dorsal  valve  of  a  specimen  in  which  both  valves  are  ])re- 
served.     The  beak  of  ventral  valve  is  slightly  extended  Ix-yoiul  the 

••  dorsal  valve. 

33.     Dorsal  view  of  a  rather  narrow  specimen,  of  which  tlie  vential  valve 
is  also  preserved.     The  plications  are  less  in  uuiul)ci-  tluiu  usual. 

Clionetes  H(U'bort-Smithii,  Hartt,  sp.  nov.,  page  351. 

39,  41,  42  and  46.     Ventral  valves  of  ordinary  size. 

44.     Ventral  valve,  same  as  above,  but  smooth   fi-oiii  tlic  clianactcr  of  the 
rock  in  which  it  occurred. 

40.  Ventral  valve,  rather  above  the  average  size. 
45  and  47.     Exterior  moulds  of  dorsal  valves. 

Clioiiotes  Oiiettiaiia,  Rathbun,  sp.  nov.,  page  353. 

43  and  48.     Ventral  valves,  with  nearly  smooth   surfaces  and  showing  the 
short  median  septum  very  distinctly. 

(Except  where  otherwise  stated,  the  above  specimens  are  all  of  interior 
moulds.) 


X 


Ik 


iSi^^      'y  /<•'  /«  --/J^ 


9f 


2* 


^w^'^m  \ 


1  ■/^■^  ■»■■'•:■'    '•M^B  "''i*''  '*»  .'•a 


^Jiir*;^/? 


z: 


r*sr. 


V 


^^^^ 


1     ■    I  > 


f^^^ 


(V_ 


B  U  L  L  E  T  I  N 


OK   THK 


BliFFALO  SOCIETY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 


VOLUME  II. 
From    April,    18  74,    to    March,    18  75. 


BUFFALO: 
PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY. 

1875. 


PRESS     OF 

THE    COURIER    COMPANY, 

BUFFALO,    N.  Y. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICATION. 


GEORGE  W.  CLINTON,  LL.  D.  GEORGE  E,  HAYES,  D.  D.  S. 

WILLIAM  H.  QLENNY,  Jr.  LEON  F.  HARVEY,  M.  D. 

GEORGE  P.  PUTNAM,  WALTER  T.  WILSON, 

AUG.  R.  GROTE,  A.  M.,  Chairman. 


CONTENTS, 


I.    Liat  of  the  Noctuidae  of  North  America.     By  Aug.  R.  GrotE,    -        1 

II.     Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  from  the  Region  of  Lake  Ponchartrain, 

La.    By  S.  V.  Summers,  m.  d 78 

III.  Catalogue  of  Boleti  of  New  England,  with  Descriptions  of  New 

Species.     By  Chas.  C.  Frost, 100 

IV.  On  the  Species  of  Helicopis  inhabiting  the  Valley  of  the  Amazon. 

By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 106 

V.     Descriptions  of  New  Noctuidae.     By  H.  K.  Morrison,    •     •     •     •     109 
VI.     Observations  on  North  American  Moths.     By  Leon  F.  Harvey, 


A.  M.,  M.  D. 


118 


VII.     Additions  to  the  "  List  of  North  American  Noctuidae."     By  Aug. 

R.  Grote, 123 

VIII.     Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells  of  the  State  of  New  York.     By 

James  Lewis 127 

IX.     New  Noctuae.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 143 

X.     Notes  on  American  Lepidoptera,  with  Descriptions  of  twenty-one 

New  Species.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 145 

XI.     Determination  of  the  Species  of  Motha  Figured  in  the  "  Natural 

History  of  New  York."     By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 1G4 

XII.     A  Liat  of  the  Leptidae,  Mydaidae  and   Dasypogonina  of  North 

America.     By  Cii.  R.  OsTEN  Sacken, 169 

XIII.  Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Calocampa.     By  J.  A.  Lintner,     188 

XIV.  On  the  species  of  Calocampa.    By  H.  K.  Morrison, 190 

XV.     On  the  allied  Species  of  Noctuidae  inhabiting  Europe  and  North 

America.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote,       193 

XVI.     On  Attacus  (Samia)  Columbia  and  its  Parasites.     By  H.  A.  Hagen,    201 


VI 

XVII.     Supplement  to  the  List  of  North  American  Noctuidae.     By  AfG. 

R.  Quote, 209 

XVIII.     Check  List  of  North  American  Sphinges.     By  Aug.  R.  Guote,    224 

XIX.     North  American  Pyralides.     By  Auc4.  R.  Grote, 229 

XX.     Synonymic  List  of  the  Butterflies  of  North  America,  North  of 

Mexico.     By  S.  H.  Scuddeu, 233 

XXL     Observations  on  North  American  Moths  (Second   Paper).     By 

Leon  F.  Harvey,  a.  m.,  m.  d 270 

XXII.     Synopsis  of  the  Discomycetous  Fungi  of  the  United  States.     By 

M.  C.  Cooke,  m.  a 285 

XXIII.  On  the  genus  Agrotis  with  Additions  to  the  List  of  North  Amer- 

ican Noctuidae.    By  Aug.  R.  Grote, 301 

XXIV.  On  the  allied  Species  of  Noctuidae  inhabiting  Europe  and  North 

America  (Second  Paper).    By  Aug.  R.  Guote, 313 

Errata, 315 

Index    to    Plates, 31G 

General  Index 317 


BULLETIlSr 


OF   THE 


BUFFALO  SOCIETY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 


BULLETIN 


OP  THE 


BUFFALO  SOCIETY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 

YOLUME   11. 

I.    List  of  the  Noctuidae  of  North  America 

BY   AUG.    R.   GROTE. 
[Bead  before  this  Society,  March  6, 1874.] 

While  preparing  the  following  list  of  North  American  Noctu- 
idae, as  large  material  as  could  possibly  be  procured  has  been  exam- 
ined, and  many  comparisons  with  the  European  genera  of  the  group 
have  been  made.  These  comparisons  were  the  more  necessary  since 
the  genera  of  M.  Guenee,  in  the  Species  General,  under  which 
alone  our  species  have  been  hitherto  arranged,  have  not  stood  the 
test  of  recent  critical  examination.  Accordingly  other  characters, 
principally  pointed  out  for  the  first  time  by  Lederer,  are  here  ap- 
plied to  the  definition  of  our  American  forms.  Thus  the  following 
list  is  less  a  compilation,  than  an  original  treatment  of  the  group, 
and  though  the  generic  changes  here  adopted  have  in  great  part 
been  announced  in  various  recent  Papers,  not  a  few  are  here  made 
for  the  first  time.  I  have  also  been  able  to  correct  here  a  few  of 
the  generic  changes  proposed  by  myself  in  former  writings  (Bul- 
letin, Vol.  1,  pp.  95-128). 

It  is  beyond  dispute  that  we  should  desire  to  know  the  best  that 
has  been  written  on  any  subject.  But  to  know  the  best  it  is  neces- 
sary to  read  with  system  and  with  judgment.  And  the  literature 
of  the  North  American  Noctuidae  requires  the  very  careful  reading 
of  at  least  three  authors.     Walker,  who  has,  as  we  have  elsewhere 

BUL.  BUr.  SOC.  NAT.  8CI.  (1)  APRIL,  1874. 


pointed  out,'  compiled  for  us  the  most  complete  bibliography  of  the 
group;  Gueuee,  who  has  furnished  us  with  the  best  descriptions  of 
the  species,  and  Lederer,  who  has  given  us  the  best  definitions  of 
the  genera.  The  work  of  Mr.  Walker  is  excellent  in  its  mechanical 
construction,  but  worthless  in  its  original  matter.  How  exceed- 
ingly Avorthless,  after  having  worked  through  the  descriptions  in 
the  British  Museum  Lists,  and  examined  the  collection  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum,  I  cannot  find  language  to  express.  The  work  of  M. 
Guenee  is  most  excellent  where  that  of  Mr.  Walker  is  so  defective, 
and  we  have  all  studied  with  pleasure  descriptions  for  the  greatest 
part  so  easy  to  identify.  But  when  we  come  to  study  the  structural 
characters  of  the  Noctuidae,  it  is  evident  that  M.  Guenee  can  no 
longer  help  us,  while  Lederer  has  undoubtedly  given  us  invaluable 
information  on  this  point.  Dr.  Packard  has  also  written  upon  the 
present  group,  and  in  particular  we  have  an  article  in  which  the  sys- 
tematic position  of  the  genus  Eudryas  is  discussed.  It  seems  to 
us  that  Dr.  Packard  has  followed  Dr.  Boisduval  (and  perhaps  Dr. 
Herrich-Schaefier),  in  referring  Eudryas  to  the  Castniares  rather 
than  to  the  present  group,  and  that  the  observations  made  upon  the 
genus  in  all  its  stages  warrant  his  interpretation  of  its  position. 
And  if  we  have  studied  carefully  Dr.  Packard's  writings,  with  the 
view  of  arriving  at  a  proper  understanding  of  the  writer's  mind, 
we  must  have  become  satisfied  that  we  can  fully  trust  him  in  a 
question  like  the  present,  which  requires  a  delicate  balancing  of 
affinities  and  analogies,  and  a  wide  acquaintance  with  the  structure 
of  the  Articulates. 

The  three  independent  Groups  here  catalogued,  viz.,  Bombyciae  ^ 
{Cpnatopho7'inae),  Noctuae  (Noctuelitae  Latr.),  and  Noctuo-Pha- 
laenidi,  may  be  distinguished  by  structural  characters.  The  Bom- 
byciae and  the  Noctuelitae  nearly  agree  in  the  position  of  vein  5 
on  the  primaries,  which  has  its  origin  nearer  to  4  than  to  6,  Avhereas 
in  the  Noctuo-Phalaenidi  the  position  of  this  vein  is  midway  be- 
tween 4  and  6.  These  two  groups  further  agree  in  the  presence  of 
ocelli,  which  are  wanting  in  the  Noctuo-Phalaenidi  and  also  in  the 
Geometrae.  The  Bombyciae,  however,  differ  from  the  Noctuae  by 
the  course  of  vein  7  of  the  hind  wings,  which  springs  from  the 
upper  margin  of  the  cell.    These  three  Groups,  to  the  exclusion  of 

ITnms.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  68.  2  See  Harvey,  Bui.  Buf.  Sco.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  276. 


3 

the  Deltoids,  correspond  Avith  Prof.  Packard's  "  Noctnelitae."  The 
Deltoids  however  agree  with  the  Noctuae  in  the  presence  of  but 
two  internal  veins  (1  and  1  a)  on  the  hind  wings,  Avhereas  the  true 
Pyralids  have  three.  I  have  treated  them  as  a  sub-group  of  the 
Noctuae,  as  also  Prof.  Packard's  Noctuinae  and  Gatocalinac. 

Several  species  of  Noctuidae,  belonging  to  the  genera  Agrotis, 
Iladena  and  Mamestra,  are  interesting  to  Economic  Entomology 
from  the  depredations  they  commit  upon  cultivated  plants.  In 
the  various  State  Keports  on  Insects  Injurious  to  Vegetation,  I 
have  not  noticed  any  appreciation  of  the  structural  characters  that 
separate  these  genera.  The  perfect  insects  belonging  to  the  three 
genera  nearly  agree  in  palpal  structure,  in  the  proportionate  wings 
and  in  the  absence  of  scale  tufts  on  the  front  or  vertex  of  the  head. 
They  differ  as  follows : 

Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Thorax  without  divided  dorsal  longitudinal, 
or  posterior  scale  tuft ;  abdomen  untufted.  Middle  and  hind  tibiae  always, 
fore  tibiae  sometimes,  with  spines Agrotis. 

Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Thorax  with  divided  dorsal  longitudinal  and 
posterior  tufts ;  abdomen  more  or  less  distinctly  tufted.  All  the  tibiae  un- 
armed   Hadena. 

Eyes  hairy.  Thorax  with  dorsal  and  posterior  tufts;  abdomen  more  or  less 
distinctly  or  entirely  tufted.    All  the  tibiae  unarmed Mamestra. 

Minor  divisions  are  established  on  the  details  of  antennal  struc- 
ture and  the  form  of  the  genital  pieces. 

The  subject  of  geographical  distribution  is  one  of  very  high  im- 
portance to  a  proper  understanding  of  our  American  Noctuidae  ; 
those  species  indicated  by  a  star  (*)  in  the  present  List  are  consid- 
ered to  occur  both  in  America  and  in  Europe.  "Where  the  genus  is 
represented  in  the  European  fauna,  the  same  mark  is  affixed  to  the 
generic  title.  Below  each  genus  the  geographical  distribution  in 
North  America  is  approximately  indicated. 

There  will  be  found  in  the  List  the  names  of  a  number  of  species, 
for  the  most  part  excellently  described  by  M.  Guenee,  in  the  Species 
General,  which  are  yet  unidentified  in  our  collections;  to  these 
a  dagger  (f)  is  prefixed.  The  same  sign  precedes  nearly  all  the 
names  taken  from  the  British  Museum  Lists ;  unfortunately  there 
is  no  present  prospect  that  these  latter  will  become  available, 
although  but  few  of  Mr,  Walker's  descriptions  are  not  referred  to 
here. 


With  regard  to  the  synonymy  adopted,  the  oldest  not  preoccupied 
names  have  been  preferred,  and  I  have  endeavored  to  restore  all  the 
generic  names  originally  proposed  by  Hubner  and  afterwards  partly 
misapplied  by,  or  wrongly  credited  to  Treitschke.  In  the  synonymy 
reference  is  made  to  Hiibner's  "  Tentamen,"  a  Paper  published  by 
the  author  anterior  to  the  "  Yerzeichniss,"  and  alluded  to  by  Ochsen- 
heimer  in  his  fourth  volume.  We  are  obliged  to  Mr.  S.  H.  Scudder 
for  the  reprint  of  the  rare  paper. 

Hubner's  works  need  not  my  praise,  else  freely  given.  The  stu- 
dent who  has  read  the  foreword  to  the  Verzeichniss,  dated  the 
twenty-first  of  September,  1816,  from  Augsburg,  and  does  not 
honor  its  author,  must  be  either  obtuse  or  prejudiced;  from  such 
an  one  Hubner  will  not  appeal  in  vain  to  our  future  understanding. 

Channing  writes  of  Thoreau,  the  thorough  Naturalist :  "  His 
docility  was  great,  and  as  the  newest  botanies  changed  the  name  of 
Andromeda  to  Cassandra,  he  accepted  it,  and  became  an  accomplice 
to  this  tragic  deed."  Thoreau,  then,  did  not,  as  some  professed 
Naturalists,  advertise  his  grievances  in  this  respect.  Elsewhere 
Thoreau  writes :  "  With  the  knowledge  of  the  name  comes  a  dis- 
tincter  knowledge  of  the  thing." 

Our  only  hitherto  published  list  of  the  Noctuidae  is  contained  in 
the  Catalogue  issued  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  May,  1860. 
This  was  compiled  by  Dr.  Jno.  G.  Morris,  and  I  only  hope  I  have 
brought  to  my  work  a  tithe  of  the  enthusiasm  and  industry  dis- 
played by  my  respected  friend,  to  whom  I  dedicate  the  present  List. 

For  donations  of  material,  or  for  personal  kindness  and  courtesy, 
I  am  under  obligations  to  Professor  Zeller  of  Stettin,  to  Prof.  A.  S. 
Packard,  Jr.,  of  Salem,  to  Mr.  J.  Behrens  of  San  Francisco,  to  Mr, 
J.  A.  Lintner  of  the  State  Museum,  Albany,  to  Mr.  0.  Meske  of 
Albany,  to  Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison  of  Old  Cambridge,  to  Prof.  0.  S. 
Westcott  of  the  High  School,  Chicago,  to  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley,  State 
Entomologist  of  Missouri,  to  Mr.  W.  II.  Stultz  of  Easton,  Pa.,  to 
Mr.  Chas.  A.  Blake,  of  Philadelphia,  to  Prof.  S.  H.  Peabody  of  the 
Mass.  Agricultural  College,  to  Mr.  Theo.  L.  Mead  of  New  York, 
to  Mr.  E.  L.  Graef  of  Brooklyn,  L.  L,  to  Mr.  Jas.  Pettit  of  Grimsby, 
Ontario,  to  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Saunders  of  London,  Ontario,  to  Prof. 
Townend  Glover  of  the  Agricultural  Department,  Washington,  to 
Mr.  J.  II.  Oomstock,  Cornell  University,  to  M.  F.  X.  Belanger,  Laval 
University,  to  Prof.  F.  H.  Snow  of  the  Kansas  State  University,  and 
to  Dr.  Leon  F.  Harvey  and  Mr.  Ileni-y  S.  Spnigue  of  Buffalo. 


BOMBYCIAE,  Hubner  (181G). 

0,1829.) 
.,  1845.  \ 


j  Noctuo-bombycini  Boisd.  (p.),  1829. 
I  Cymatoplioridae  Herr.-Sch. 

*BOMBYCIA,  Eiibner  (Tentamen). 

Type:  Noctua  Or  W.  V. 

fcaniplaga  {^Walk.),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  18  {Cymatophora). 

Canada. 
tCO  iniproTisa  {IT)/.  Edw.),  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  5, 189  {Cymatophora). 

Cascades,  W.  T. 

LEPTINA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Leptina  dormitaus  Guen. 

dormitans  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  15. 

latebricola  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  57  (spec.  dist.?). 

ophthalmica  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  15,  PI.  3,  fig.  6. 

Doubledayi  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  15. 

formosa  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil,  2,  p.  323. 

Canada  to  Alabama. 

PSEUDOTHYATIRA,  Grote  (1864). 

Type :  Thyatira  cymatophoroides  Guen. 

cymatophoroides  {Guen.),  Noct.  l,p.  13  i  {Thyatira) ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Phil.,  vol.  2,  p.  58  5  ?  . 
expultrix  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  58  {Laeinia  ||),  PI.  2,  fig.  G ;  Th. 

cymatoph.X  $  ,  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  14;  Edw.,  Pr.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  5,  189. 
Canada  to  Virginia  and  British  Columbia. 

*HABROSYNE,  Udhner  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  derasa  Linn. 

scripta  {Gosse),  Can.  Nat.,  p.  249;  Thyat.  ahrasa  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.,  12,  PI.  8, 
fig.  2 ;  Hahr.  scripta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  1,  p.  77 ;  deraaaX 
Edw.,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.  5,  189. 
Canada  to  Virginia  and  Pacific  Coast, 

*  THYATIRA,  Ochsenheimer  (1816). 
Type  :  Noctua  batis  Linn. 
pudens  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  13,  PI.  3,  fig.  1. 
Canada  to  Pennsylvania. 


6 


NOCTUAE,  Linn.  (1758). 

[Noctuelitae  Latr.,  1809.] 

NoNFASCiATAE  Borkhausen  (1792). 

Noctuelidi  Boisd.,  1829. 
Trifidae  Gruen.,  1853. 
Noctuiuae  Packard,  1867. 

DICOPIS,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Dicopis  muralis  Grote. 
muralis  Grote,  6tli  Ana.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  27. 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

*RAPHIA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Raphia  hybris  HiXhner. 

* 

.a])rnpta  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  2,  p.  336,  PI.  8,  fig.  3. 
frater  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliil.  vol.  2,  p.  435,  PI.  9,  fig.  7 ;  Saligena  person- 
ata  Walker,  Suppl.  p.  606. 
Massacbusetts  to  Pennsylvania. 

CHARADRA,  Walker  (1865). 

Type :  Charadra  contigua  Walker. 

deridens  (Guen.),  {DipMera)  Noct.  1,  p.  35,  PL  3,  fig.  8  ;  Acronycta  circuUfera 
Walker,  p.  709  ;  Charadra  contigua  Walk.,  Suppl.  p.  446 ;  C7i.  deridens 
G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  2,  p.  86. 

propinqiiiliuea  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  4,  p.  293,  PI.  1,  fig.  96. 
Massachusetts  to  Florida. 

HARRISIMEMNA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Notodonta  sexguttata  Harris. 

sexgiittata  {Harris),  Ent.  Cor.  pp.  174-175,  figs.  24-25  ;  GrammopTiora  tri- 
signuta  \\  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  29  ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  293. 
Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvania. 

FERALIA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Diphtera  jocosa  Guen. 

jocosa  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  87 ;  Grote,  List  (1). 
Comstocki  Grote,  List  (2). 
februalis  Grote,  List  (3). 
New  York  and  California. 


*  MOMA,  Wibncr  (1816). 

Type  :  Noctua  orion  Esper  {aprilina  j;  Iliibn.). 

fiillax  Herr.-ScJi.,  Exot.  S.  80,  fig.  211. 
Atlantic  District. 

*ACRONYCTA,  Oc/ts.  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  leporina  Linn. 

viuuula  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  436  {Microcoelia)  PI.  9,  fig.  2 ;  Trans. 

Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2  p.  118  {Acronyda). 
grisea  {Bnrnston)  {Noctua) ;  Walker,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  56. 
Tritoiia  {Iluhncr),  Zutr.  107-108  {Triaena) ;  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  43  {Acronyda). 
occidentalis  G.  &  E.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  6,  p.  16. 
f  telum  Guen.,  Noct.,  p.  45. 

morula  G.  cD  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  2,  p.  196,  PI.  3,  fig.  75. 
Lobeliae  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  44. 
furcifera  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  44. 
hasta  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  45. 
f  interrupta  Boisd.;  Guen.,  Noct.  1.  p.  46. 
spinigera  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  45. 

couuecta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  1,  p.  79. 
funeralis  G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  6,  p.  17,  PI.  4,  fig.  10  ;   Acr.amer- 

icanaX  Harris,  Ent.  Cor.  p.  313,  PI.  3,  fig.  3  (larva). 
innotata  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  50  ;  DiphtJiera  Graejii  Grote,  Ent.  Proc.  Soc.  Phil. 

vol.  2,  p.  68,  PI.  3,  fig.  6. 
Lupiiii  Behr.,  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  1,  p.  79. 
lepusculina  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  46 ;  Acr.  Populi  Riley,  2d  Mo.  Rep.,  p.  119. 
iusita  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  61  (an  spec,  praec.'?). 
hastulifera  {Abh.  <&  Sm.)  {Phalaena)  2,  PI.  92  ;  Apatela  americana  Harris,  Ins. 

Inj.  Veg.  p.  435 ;  Acr.  hastulifera  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  47. 
dactylina  Grote,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  N.  H.,  1874,  p.  339. 
f  acericola  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  48  ;  Phalaena  aceris  Abb.  &  Sm.  2,  PI.  93. 
rubricoma  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  49. 

luteicoma  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  3,  p.  179,  PI.  2,  fig.  83. 
fbrumosa  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  52. 

Verrilli  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  p.  178,  PI.  2,  fig.  82. 
lioctivaga  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  437,  Pi.  9,  fig.  3. 
superans  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  53. 
alllicta  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  438,  PI.  9,  fig.  4  ;  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 

3,  p.  179. 
flonga  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  54. 
clarescens  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  54. 

ovata  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  80,  PI.  2,  fig.  14. 
Hamaiuelis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  52. 


8 

dissecta  O.  &  E.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  6,  p.  178,  PI.  2,  fig.  81. 

albarufa  Orote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  1874,  p.  239. 

sperata  Grote.  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  81,  PI.  2,  fig.  1. 

lithospila  Grote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  1874,  p.  240. 

xyliniformis^  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  400;  Acr.  a-ylinoides  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  5G; 

Riley,  5tli  Mo.  Report,  p.  126  (larva). 
obliiiita  {AU.  &  8m),  Ins,  Ga.  2,  p.  157,  PI.  94  {Phalaena) ;  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p. 

49  {Acronycta). 
insolita  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  82. 
I  modica  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  56. 
f  coiitacta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  58. 
f  declarata  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  61. 
+  impressa  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  61. 
t  fasciata  (Barnston),  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  62. 
f  mixta  (Barnston),  W-dlk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  62. 
t  ulmi  narr.,  Eut.  Cor.  p.  312,  PI.  31,  fig.  10  (larva). 
•}•  pruiii  Harr.,  Ent.  Cor.  p.  313,  PI.  4,  fig.  13  (larva). 
f  salicis  Harr.,  Ent.  Cor.  p.  314,  fig.  44  (larva). 

North  temperate  America. 

*  JASPIDEA,  J?u5?ier  (Tentamen). 

Type  :  Noctua  spoliatricula  W.  V.  (algae  Fabr). 

lepidula  Grote,  Qth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  27. 

palliatricula  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  26  (Bryopldla). 

fcorticosa  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  30  (BryopUla). 

teratophora  (Herr.-Sch.),  Exot.  fig.  213 ;  Erastria  inscripta  Walk.  C.  B.  M. 

Noct.  808. 
iiiscitincta.  (Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  27  (Bryopldla). 
t  discivaria  ( Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  27  (Bryopldla). 
t discinigra  (Walk.), C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  28  (Bryopldla). 
t  nana  (Ruhn),  Zutr.  1,  S.  14,  figs.  53, 54  (Cryplda). 

North  temperate  America. 

# 

LITHACODIA,  Iliihncr  (1816). 

Type :  Lithacodia  bellicula  H'dbn. 

bellicula  nabn.,  Zutr.  1,  figs.  85, 86. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

3  This  name  is  clianged  by  Guen6e  on  account  of  Hyppa  xylinoides.  It  is  clear,  however, 
that  the  latter  name,  being  the  latest,  is  the  one  to  be  corrected.  However,  I  follow  Guenue's 
precedent  to  avoid  confusion. 


POLYCaiAMMATE,  nnhncr  (1816). 

Type :  Polygrammate  liebraeicum  Huhner. 

Iiebraicuiu  llnhn.,  Zutr.  1,  S.  10,  fig.  25,  20;  Orammopliora  hebraea  Quen., 
Noct.  1,  p.  30. 

Atlantic  District. 

MICROCOELIA,  Guen.  (1852). 

Type  :  Microcoelia  fragilis  Guen. 

fra^'ilis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  34. 

diphleroidcs  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  34 ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  3,  p.  78, 

PL  2,  fig.  2  ;  G.  &  11.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  195,  PI.,  3,  fig.  69  ;  var. 

obliterata,  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  79 ;  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 

Soc.  2,  p.  195,  PI.  3,  fig.  70. 

Canada  to  Alabama. 

*AGROTIS,  nuhner  (Tentamen). 

Type :  Noctua  segetum  S.  V. 

sigmoides  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  325  {Noctua). 
gilvlpeuiiis  Grote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  28. 

*  augur  {Fabr.) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  325. 
fumalis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  98. 
luimallonis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  98. 
pliyllophora  Grote,  List  (4). 

*  triangulum  {HufnageV) ;  Wallc.  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  391. 

*  baja  {8.  V.),  S.  77. 
badinodis  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  13. 

*  c-nigrum  {Linn.) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  328. 
bicarnea  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  328  {itoctua). 
f  spissa  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  261. 

auxiliaris  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  96. 

herilis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  S.  N.  S.  1,  p.  99  ;  jacuUfera  var.  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  2C2. 
tricosa  Lintn.,  26th  Ann.  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  1874,  p.  159. 
subgotliica  {Raw);  Steph.  Lep.  Haust.  2,  120,  PI.  22,  fig.  3;  Agr.  jnculifera 

Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  262,  PL  5,  fig.  4;  Agr.  jacuUfera  Riley,  1st  Mo.  Rep., 

PL  1,  fig.  11. 
sexatilis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  100. 

*  plecta  {Linn) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  320  ;  Chcrsotis  x>lecta  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Phil.  1,  p.  218. 
f  ochrogaster  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  327  {Noctua). 
vittifrous  ^rofe,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  PhiL  3  p.  527  (iVociwa).  PL  5,  fig.  8;  Trans. 

Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  309  {Agrotis). 

BUL.  BUF.  SOC.  NAT.   SCI.  (8)  MAT,   1874. 


10 

*fennica  {Tauscher);  Giien.,  Noct.  1,  p.  270  (California,  Belirens  No.  13). 

*  lycanim  Ev.,  H.-S.,  fig.  146-147  (California,  Edwards  No.  1393  and  Belirens 

No.  31). 
balanitis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.-  See.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  97,  PI.  3,  fig.  14. 
4-dentata  O.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  491,  PI.  8,  figs.  2-3. 
cicatricosa  G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  492,  PI.  3,  fig.  4. 
pitychrons  Grote,  Bui.  Baf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  82,  PI.  2,  fig.  11. 
tessellata  Harris,  Rep.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  p.  445,  fig.  221. 
COllaris  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  348,  PI.  7,  fig.  54. 
formalis  Grote,  List  (5). 
geniculata  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  349,  PI.  7,  fig.  54. 

*  confltia  (Treits.) ;  Grote,  Gth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  29. 
scaiidens  Riley,  1st  Rep.  Mo.  p.  76,  PI.  1,  figs.  5  to  7. 
muraenula  G.  <&  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  352,  PI.  7,  fig.  48. 
violaris  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  353,  PI.  7,  fig.  59. 
atrifrons  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  97. 

Wilsoni  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  135,  PI.  4,  fig.  3 ;  List  (6). 

specialis  Grote,  List  (7). 

lubricaus  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  323  (Noctua),-  PI.  5,  fig.  7. 

clandestina  (iZizrj'is),  Ins.  Ing.  Veg.  {Nociua),  p.  448;  (Agrotis)  Grote,  Trans. 

Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  309. 
brunneicollis  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  524,  PI.  5,  fig.  5  {Noctua);  Grote, 

Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  oO%  {Agrotis). 
alternata*  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  52G,  PI.  5,  fig.  8  {Noctua) ;  Trans. 

Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  309  {Agrotis). 
cupida  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  525,  PI.  5,  fig.  7  {Noctua) ;  Trans.  Am. 

Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  309  {Agrotis). 
*traTa  Herr.-Sch.,  fig.  544 ;  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.  4,  S.  367. 
f  imperita(i7/<&n.),  Zutr.  S.  224,  figs.  447-8  {Ogygia) ;  lAgr.  comparata  Mosch., 

W.  E.  M.  6.  S.  131,  Taf.  1,  fig.  5. 
fdissoiia  Moscliler,  W.  E.  M.  4,  S.  365,  Taf.  9,  fig.  4. 
flittoralis  Packard,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  vol.  11,  p.  36. 
\  umbratus  Packard,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  vol.  11,  p.  37. 
f  Okakensis  Packard,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  vol.  11,  p.  38. 
t  Wockei  MUscider,  W.  E.  M.  6,  S.  130,  Taf.  1,  fig.  2. 
f  septeiitrioualis  Mdschler,  W.  E.  M.  6,  S.  133,  Taf.  1,  fig.  3. 
tspeciosa  {Hiibn.) ;  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.  8,  S.  196. 

1  This  species  seems  subject  to  considerable  variation  in  the  extent  of  the  dark  shadings  of 
primaries  and  their  ground  tint.  I  have  received  what  is  apparently  a  form  of  A.  alternata  fi'om 
California.  Both  this  and  tlie  following  species  have  been  erroneously  referred  by  me  to  Ceras- 
tis.  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  16. 


11 

t  fiisca  Boisd.;  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.  8,  S.  197. 

t  Staudiujrcri  3//«c/t.,  W.  E.  M.  S.  133.  Taf.  1,  fig.  4. 

*tislaii(licii  Staiidf/r.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1857,  SS.  233,  301. 

t  Drovsoni  SUnulgr.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1857,  S.  302. 

t  Westormanui  {Staudgr.),  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1857,  S.  303  {Noctua). 

fCochrani  Itiley,  Prairie  Farmer,  July,  18G8(fide  Auct.) ;  Ist  Mo.  Rep.  75. 

rcpciitis  G.  tD  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  350,  PI.  7,  fig.  58. 

*  saucia  {Ilubn.} ;  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  271  ;  Ag.  incrmis  Harris,  Ins.  luj.  Veg.  p. 

444. 
tmaleflda  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  267. 
*exclaiuatioiiis  {Linn.) ;  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  280. 

*  segetum  {8.  V.) ;  Agr.  texanus  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  vol.  2,  p.  273,  PI. 

G,  fig.  2. 
Yelleripenuis  Grote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  29. 
t  messoria  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  p.  444. 
annexa  {Tr.);  Stephens,  liaust.  2,  p.  117,  PI.  22,  fig.,  2. 
YaucouTereusis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  134,  PI.  4,  fig.  4. 
t  incivis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  274,  441. 
t  obeliscoides  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  293. 
t  climata  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  333  {Noctua). 
*suffiisa  {8.  v.),  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  368;  Agr.  telifera  Harris,  Ins.  Ing.  Veg. 

p.  443. 
renerabilis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  328  ;  incallida  {  i  )  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p. 

330. 
t  patula  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  339. 
t  haesitans  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  339. 
t  insignata  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  330. 
t  mollis  Barnston,  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  331. 
t  perlentaiis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  332. 
t  radix  Barnston,  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  332. 
t  jucuiidaCIFrt^^.),  {Graphipliora)  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  399.5 
Widely  distributed  in  North  America. 

PLEONECTOPODA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Pleonectopoda  Lewisi  Grote. 
Lewis!  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  137,  PI.  4,  fig.  10. 
Colorado. 

5  At  this  time  many  of  the  ispecies  of  this  penus  that  I  have  formerly  examined  are  inaccess- 
ible to  me.  The  species  should  be  separated  into  2  Groups :  i.  e.  1,  those  species  in  wliich  all 
the  tibiae  are  spinose,  and  3,  those  in  which  the  middle  and  hind  tibiae  alone  are  armed.  The 
present  arrangement  is  provisional. 


12 


ADITA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Phalaena  Chionantlii  Abb.  &  Sm. 

Cbionauthi  {Abb  &  Sm.),  2.  PI.  98  ;  Grote,  List  (8). 
New  York,  Georgia, 

*EUROIS,  Hiibtier  {ISW). 

Type :  Eurois  occulta  Hilbner. 

*  occulta  Huhncr;  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  13;  Hadena  implicata  Lef.,  Ann.  Soc. 

Ent.  Fr.  5,  p.  394,  PI.  10,  fig.  4. 
Iierbacea  (Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  73  {Polyijliaenis). 
Labrador  to  Middle  States. 

*AMMOCONIA,  Xe(Z.  (1857). 

Type  :  Noctua  caecimacula  S.  V. 

badicollis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  136,  PI.  4,  fig.  18. 
Middle  States. 

*MAMESTRA,  OchsenJieimer  (181G). 
Type :  Noctua  pisi  Linn. 

purpnrissata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  82,  PI.  1,  fig.  5  {Eurois);  Bui. 

Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  102  (Mamestra). 
uimbosa  (Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  77  (Aplecta);  Grote,  Bui,  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p. 

102  (Mamestra). 
imbrifera  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  76  (Aplecta) ;  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  103  {Mamestra). 
latex  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  78  {Aplecta) ;  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  103  {Mamestra) ;  Apamea 

demissa  Walk.  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  728. 
condita  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  78  {Aplecta),  PI,  8,  fig.  5. 
cuneata  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  139,  PI.  4,  fig.  9. 
*g'raudis  {Boisd.),  Gen.  950  {Hadena);  Led.  Noct.  90  {3famestra). 
subjuncta  {G.  &  B.),  Trans.  Am,  Ent,  Soc.  2,  p.  198,  PI.  3,  fig.  71  {Hadena); 

Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  282  {Mamestra). 
atlantica  Grote  ;  W-latinum  X  Guen,  Noct,  2,  p,  105. 
Farnhami  Grote,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  103,  Pi.  3,  fig.  2. 

*  brassicae  {Linn)  ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  103. 
confusa  {Hllbn.),  Zutr.  495-496  {Auchmis). 

chartaria  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  138,  PI.  4,  fig.  12, 
*cbeiioi>oaii  {S.V.) ;  Grote  1.  c,  p.  104. 

albifusa  {Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  753  {Hadena);  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  104  {Mamestra). 
legithna  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  82,  PI.  2,  fig.  4  {Apamea);  Proc.  Bost. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  16,  p.  241  {Mamestra). 


13 

• 
claviplena"  Grotc,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  194. 

nivcisruttata  Orote,  1.  c,  p.  140,  PI.  4,  fig.  16. 

pnci'ilis  Grotc,  List  (9). 

lorea  (Oucn.),  Noct.  1,  p.  12G  {Ilydroccia). 

ciniiabariua  Orote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  p.  241  (1874). 

laudabilis  (Cwe/i.),  Noct.  2,  p.  30  {Jlecatera)  Vl.  8,  fig.  4;  Grote,  Proc.  Bost. 

Soc.  N.  Ilist.  16,  p.  241  {Mamestra) ;  Ilapalid  indicans  Walk.,  359. 

4-lineata^  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  140,  PI.  4,  fig.  15. 

Widely  distributed  in  Nortli  America. 

*DIANTHOECIA,  Boisd.  {\9:U). 

Type  :  Noctua  carpophaga  Borkh. 

leiicogTamiua  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  140  ;  Orote,  List  (10). 
capsularis  Ouen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  22,  Pi.  8,  fig.  3  ;  Raphia  propulsa  Walk.  C.  B.  M. 

Noct.  529. 
f  plioca  Mdsch.,  W.  E.  M.  8,  S.  197,  Taf.  5,  fig.  15. 
t  subdita  MUsch.,  W.  E.  M.  4,  S.  363,  Taf.  9,  fig.  7. 
ineditata  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1.  p.  104.  • 

rufula  Orote,  List  (11). 
insolciis  Orote,  List  (12). 
Labrador,  Eastern  States,  California. 

*ONCOCNEMIS,  Xe(Z.(1857). 

Type  :  Agrotis  confusa  Ev.  (non  Tr.) 

Bchrensi  Orote,  List  (13). 

Dayi  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  105,  PI.  3,  fig.  8. 
Hayesi  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  106,  PI.  3,  fig.  13. 
Glennyi  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  141,  PI.  4,  fig.  17. 
Chandleri  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  107,  PI.  3,  fig.  9. 
California,  Colorado  Territory. 

EUCOPTOCNEMIS,  Orote  (1874). 

Type :  Heliopli.  fimbriaris  Ouen. 

f  flmbriaris  {Ouen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  172  {Ileliophohus). 
Am.  Sept. 

6  In  this  species  there  is  usually  a  reddish  or  yellowish  dustinu;  on  the  primaries  on  the  sub 
basal  space  and  about  the  median  spots  not  noticed  in  my  original  description. 

'"Santa  Clara,"  No.  26,  Mr.  Behrens.  A  number  of  specimens  received.  This  species  is 
smaller  than  Imidabilis,  wanting  all  green  color,  and  differs  by  the  dash  at  internal  angle  of  pri- 
maries, the  dark  median  lines,  and  by  the  course  of  the  t.  a.  line  which  is  not  waved,  but 
runs  more  straightly  outwardly  obliquely  to  below  the  cell,  widening  the  extra  basal  space.  In 
one  specimen  the  usually  pale  basal  spaces  arc  powdered  with  blackish. 


14 

COriPANOLIS,  Orote  (1874.) 

Type  :  Copipanolis  cubilis  Orote. 

cul)ilis  Orote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  30. 
Michigan  and  New  England. 

*POLIA,  HiXhner  (Tentamen). 

Type  :  Noctua  flavicincta  S.  V. 
leiicoscelis  Orote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  .Acad.  Sci.  p.  30. 
Wisconsin. 

PACHYPOLIA,  Orote  (1874). 

Type :  Pacbypolia  atricornis  Orote. 

atricornis  Orote,  Qth.  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  30. 
Wisconsin. 

*  VALERIA,  Oermar  (IS2\). 

Type  :  Noctua  oleagina  8.  V. 

Gi'Otei  Morrison,  Biil.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  274. 
Eastern  States. 

*LAMPROSTICTA,  Buhner  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  culta  S.  V. 

f  cora  {Hiibn.),  Zutr.  1, 14  (Cerma),  figs.  59-GO ;  Chariptera  festa  Quen.,  Noct.  2, 
p.  57,  PI.  7,  fig.  5. 
Southern  States. 

H0M0HADENA,8  Orote  (1873). 

Type :  Hadena  badistriga  Orote. 

badistriga  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  181. 
Canada,  New  York. 

CHITONIX,  Orote  (1874). 

Type  :  Apamea  iaspis  Ouen. 

iaspis  (Ouen.),  Noct.  1,  209  ;  Grote,  List  (14). 
New  York. 

*  HADENA,  Schrank  (in  sensu  Led.). 
Bridgliami  {O.  &  B.),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  p.  11,  PI.  3,  fig.  1  {Mamestra). 
*arctica  Boisd.,Oen.  947;  Mamestra  amicaX  Harris;  Grote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc. 
Nat.  Hist.  16,  241. 

8  The  vestiture  of  the  thorax  consists  of  flattened,  mi.\cd  with  hair-like  scales  ;  this  character 
allies  Homohadeua  anil  I'hytuuix  with  Laniprosticta. 


15 

devastator  {Brace),  {Phnlnena) ;  ?  M(nnestra  pnnser  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  195; 

Mamestrn  ordinnria  Walk.,  Noct.  p.  233  ;  ?  Mamestra  unicolor  Walk., 

Noct.  233  ;  ?  Mam.  contenta  Walk.,  Noct.  233 ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  l.^.im  {Uadena). 
impiilsa  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  194  {Mamestra) ;  {Iladena)  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  1,  p.  108. 
adjiiiK'ta  {Boisd.),  {Miselia);  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  199,  PL  6,  fig.  10  {Mamestra); 

Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  108  {Hadena). 
apamiformis  {Ouen),  Noct.  1,  p.  137  {Xylop7iasia) ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  1,  p.  109  (Hadena). 
*  rurca  (Fabr.),  (Noctua) ;  Gueu.,  Noct.  1,  p.  138  (Xijlopliasia). 
t  iiisulsa  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  234  (Mamestra). 
spiitator  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  l,p.  190 ;  Apamea?  insignataj  Walk., 

C.  B.  M.,  p.  729. 
dubitans  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  p.  232  (Mamestra);  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  108  (Iladena). 
geiiialis  Grote,  List  (15). 
lij?iiicolora  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  140  (Xylophasia) ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  1,  p.  109  (Hadena). 
anraiiticolor  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  109. 
verbascoides  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  141  (X?/fo;37iasia);  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  1,  p.  109  (Hadena). 
sectilis  (Guen.),  Noct.  1.  p.  141  (Xylophasia);  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci. 

1,  p.  109  (Hadena). 
cariosa  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  144  (Xylopliasia) ;  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  15  (Hadena). 
flnitiuia  (Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  206  (Apamea). 
f  mactata  (Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  207  (Apamea). 

niodica  (Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  207  (Apamea) ;  Celaena  subcedens  Walk.,  2G4. 
t  remissa  (Hiibn),  423  ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  208  (Apamea) ;  ?  ?  Walk.,  p.  729. 
turbuleuta  (Hiibn),  Zutr.  figs.  67-68  (Phosphila);  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  l,p.  180  (Hadena). 
*t  exulis  Lefb.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  p.  393,  PI.  10,  fig.  2 ;  groenlandica  Lefb., 

Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.;  H.-S.,  fig.  151 ;  gelatd'LQih.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  393, 

PI.  10,  fig.  3  ;  Neuria  cervina  H.-S.;  Cry  modes  poli  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  187 ; 

Crymodes  gelida  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  186;  Crymodesborea  Guen.,  Noct.  1, 

p.  186  ;  Had.  marmorata  Zett.,  Ins.  Lap.  397. 
t  Sommeri  Lefb.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  p.  391,  PI.  10,  fig.  1. 
t  exornata  Mosclil.,  W.  E.  M.  4,  S.  364,  Taf.  9,  fig.  5. 
marina  Grote,  List  (16). 

misclioides  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  82  ;  H.-S.,  Ex.  fig.  212. 
fractilinea  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  15. 
distincta  (Hiibn);  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  197,  PI.  3,  fig.  72. 


16 

t  iiidocilis  (TFaZA;.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  178  (XylopJinsia). 
t  libera  ( Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  178  {Xylophasia). 
t  arcuata  {Walk),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  718  {Xylophasia). 
t yiwcU  {Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  730  {Miana). 
t  irresoluta  (TFatt-.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  731  {Celaenaf). 
t  festivoides  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  220  {Celaena). 
chalcedonia  {Ruhn.),  404;  Guen.  Noct.  l,p.  221  {Celaena). 
t  arna  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  222  {Celaena). 
f  exesa  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  222  {Celaena). 

renigera  {Steph.),  2,  p.  16  {Celaena) ;  Cel.  Jierlimacula  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  223. 
t  intracta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  p.  884. 
fpunctifera  {Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  p.  263  {Celaena). 
t  iufecta  ( Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  p.  263  {Celaena). 
t  egeiis  {Walk),  C.  B.  M.  p.  263  {Celaena). 
ferecta  {Walk),  C.  B.  M.,  p.  264  {Celaena). 
Labrador  to  Soutliern  States  and  California. 

PERIGEA,  Guenee  {\%^2). 

Type  :  Perigea  xantliioides  Guen. 

xanthioides  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  227. 
t  infelix  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  229. 
Middle  and  Soutliern  States. 

*  DIPTERTGIA,  Stephens  (1829). 

Type  :  Noctua  pinastri,  Linn. 
*l)iuastri  {Linn) ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  1,  p.  218. 
Atlantic  States. 

*HYPPA,  Duponchel  (1844).- 

Type  :  Noctua  rectilinea  Esper. 

xylinoides  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  106,  PI.  8,  fig.  11 ;  Xylina  contraria  Walk.  C.  B. 
M.  Noct.  p.  627. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

*ACTINOTIA,  Unhier  (1816). 
I  Type :  Noctua  perspicillaris  Linn. 

ramosula  {Guen),  Noct.  2,  p.  114,  PI.  9,  fig.  1  {Cloantha);  Grote,  Bui.  Buf. 

Soc.  Nat.  Sci,  1,  p.  83,  Pi.  2,  fig.  16. 
evicta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  84  {Cloantha),  PI.  2,  fig.  18. 
vomeriiia  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat,  Sci.  1,  p.  84  {Cloantha),  PI.  2,  fig.  17. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 


17 

*CALLOriSTIMA,  Uubner  (181G). 
Type:  Noctua  ptcridis  Fabr. 

\  lloridonsis  (Giien.),  Noct.  2,  p.  192  (Eriopus);  Walk.,  {Callapistria),  C.  B.  M. 
Xoct.  p.  862. 

inollissima  (Gtieti.),  Noct.  2,  p.  294  {Eriopus) ;  Walk.,  {Callopistria)  C.  B.  M. 
Noct.  p.  863 ;  Erastria  ruhicunda  Walk.,  1.  c,  808. 

luoiietiiera  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  295,  PI.  14,  6.g.  i  {Eriopus) ;  Walk.,  {Callopis- 
tria) C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  863. 

t  s?raiiitosa  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  295  ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  863  {Callopistria). 

t  arg-entilinea  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  863. 
Middle  and  Southern  States. 

*PRODENIA,  Guente  (1852). 

Type :  Neuria  retina  Pi'iv.,  H.-S. 

Commelinae  {Ahh.  &  Sm.),  Ins.  Ga.  2,  p.  189,  PI.  95  {Phalaena) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1, 

p.  162  {Prodeniu). 
ornithogalli  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  163. 
Middle  and  Southern  States. 

EUPSEPHOPAECTES,  (?w«e  (1873). 

Type :  Eupsepliopaectes  procinctus  Grate. 

procinctus  Grote,  Bul.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  138,  PI.  4,  fig.  6. 
California. 

CONSEllYULA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Phlogopliora  anodonta  Guente. 
anoiloiita  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  63,  PI.  7,  fig.  8. 
Middle  States. 

*  TRIGONOPHORA,  Wibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Trigonopliora  empyrea  Iliibn. 
periculosa  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  65  {Plilogop)hoi\i). 
Middle  States. 

*EUPLEXIA,  Stephens  (1829.) 

Type  :  Noctua  lucipara  Linn. 
*liicil)ara  {Linn.),  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  68. 
Canada,  southward. 

BUI-.   Birp.   soc.   NAT.   SCI.  (3)  MAY,   1874. 


18 

*  BROTOLOMIA,  Led.  (1857). 

Type :  Noctua  meticulosa  Linn. 
iris  {Guen),  Noct.  2,  p.  G4  ;  Grote,  {Brotolomia)  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  110. 
Middle  States. 

NEPHELODES,  Guenie  (1853). 

Type :  Nephelodes  minians  Guenee. 

luiniaus  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  130 ;  GrnpJdphora  expansa  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct. 

p.  399. 
violaiis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  130. 
Canada,  southward. 

*HELOTROPHA  Zed.  (1857). 

Type  :  Diataraxia  fibrosa  Hiihncr. 

reniformis  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6.  p.  14  (Li/jjerina). 
Canada  to  Middle  States. 

*  NAENIA,  Stephens  (1829). 

Type :  Noctua  typica  Linn. 
*\  typica  {Linn.) ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  1020 ;  Betliuue,  Can.  Ent.  1,  87. 
Canada,  United  States. 

*HYDROECIA,  Guenee  (1841). 

Type  :  Noctua  nictitans  Linn. 

iiictitans  {Linn.) ;  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  12G. 
V.  erythrostigma  {Uaworth). 

sera  G.  &  B.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  1,  p.  345,  PI.  7,  fig.  55. 
inquiiesita  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc;  vol.  1,  p.  344  {Gortyna). 
t  salicariim  {Barnston),  Walk.  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  717. 
California,  Canada,  southward. 

*GORTYNA, //«?^/ie;- (181G). 

Type :  Noctua  micacea  Esper. 

immanis  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  128  {Hydroecia). 

strainentosa  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  129,  PI.  G.  fig.  2  {Uydroecia). 

limpida  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  124;  Govt,  cerussata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2, 

p.  431,  PI.  9,  fig.  1. 
riitila  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  128,  PI.  6,  fig.  1. 
f  margiuirtens  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  123. 


19 

nebris  Quen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  124. 
nitcla  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  124. 

specioslssima  O.  c£  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  vol.  1,  p.  342,  PI.  7,  fig.  52. 
catapliracta  Orote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  81,  PI.  2,  fig.  3. 
Canada,  southward. 

*OCHRIA,  i^«6ner(1816). 

Type:  Noctua  flavago  Linn. 

piirpurifascia  {O.  &  R),  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  vol.  1,  p.  341  {Gortyna),  PI.  7, 
fig.  51. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States,  Calfornia. 

*x\ONAGRIA,  Ochs.  (181G). 

Type  :  Noctua  typhae  Espcr. 
t  iiiqiiinata  Oucn.,  Noct.  1,  p.  104. 
teiiervata  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  105. 
fodieiis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  105. 
*t  typhae  (Espcr.),  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  109. 
New  York,  southward. 

ARZAMA,  Walker  (1865). 

Type  :  Arzama  densa  Walk. 
deiisa  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Supp.  p.  645. 

Obliquata  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  1,  p.  339,  PI.  6,  fig.  47. 
Tulniflca  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  4,  p.  294. 
Georgia  and  Middle  States. 

MACRONOCTUA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Macronoctua  onusta  Grote. 
Oliusta  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  31. 
Illinois. 

ADMETOVIS,  Grote  (1878). 

Type  :  Admetovis  oxymorus  Grote. 
oxymorns  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  133,  PI.  4,  fig.  5. 
California. 

CIRRHOPHANUS,  Grote  (1872). 

Type:  Cirrhophanus  triangulifer  (7r(?<^. 
triaiigulifer  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  4,  p.  187. 
Missouri. 


2fO 

EUTHISANOTIA,  Buhner  (1816). 

Type :  Plialaena  Timais  Cramer. 
Timais  (Cramer),  275  B.;  PJiilochrysa  regnatrix  Qrote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2, 
pp.  399,  441. 
Atlantic  Coast. 

SCOLECOCAMPA,  Ouente  (1853). 

Type :  Scolecocampa  ligni  Quenee. 
liburna  [Geyer),  {Clytie)  Zutr.  482,  figs.  963,  964;  Scol.  ligni  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p. 
131,  PI.  6,  fig.  3. 
Middle  aud  Soutliern  States. 

ACHATODES,  Ouenee  (1852). 

Type :  Acliatodes  sandix  Guenee. 
zeae  {Ila?'ris),  Rep.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  p.  439,  PI. -7,  fig.  9  {Gortyna);  AcTi.  sandix 
Guen.  Noct.  l,p.  132,  PI.  6,  fig.  4  ;  Ach.  zeae  Grote,  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Phil., 
3,  p.  540. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

PLATYSENTA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Platysenta  atriciliata  Grote. 
atriciliata  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  32. 
Middle  States. 

DORYODES,  Guenee  (1857). 

Type :  Ligia  acutaria  M.S. 

acutaria  {Herr.-Sch),  Supp.  S.  74,  fig.  447  ;  Guen.,  (Boryodes)  Phal  2,  p.  233, 

PI.  17,  fig.  6 ;  Clemens  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  1860,  p.  251. 
t  spadaria  Guen.,  Phal.  2,  p.  234. 
Eastern  to  Southern  States. 

*SENTA,  Stephens  (1834). 

Type :  Nonagria  ulvae  H'ubner. 
del'ccta  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  33. 
Eastern  States. 

0M3IAT0ST0LA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Ommatostola  Lintneri  Grote. 
Liutncri  Grote,  Buh  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  112. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 


21 

ABLEl'IIARON,  Orotc  (1873). 

Tj'pe :  Leucania  Ilcnrici  Orote. 

Ilonrici  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  pp.  10,  112,  PI.  1,  (i^r.  i;:;. 
ovauiduiu  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  pp.  10,  112,  PI.  1,  fig.  IG. 
fnniosum  Morrison,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  275. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

*HELIOPinLA,  Huhner  (Tentamen). 
Type :  Noctua  pallens  Linn. 
*l)alleiis  {Linn)  ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  93  {Leucania). 
plirag'mitidicola  {Ouen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  89  {Leucania). 
Harveyi  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  9,  PI.  1,  fig.  14;  Leuc.  albilinea 

Guen.  (nee.  Hiibner)  Noct.  1,  p.  89. 
riibripennis  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  3,  p.  179,  PI.  2,  fig.  77  {Leuc). 
commoidcs  {Ouen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  86  {Leucania). 
f  scirpicola  {Ouen),  Noct.  1,  p.  84  {Leucania). 
f  juncicola  {Boisd);  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  88  {Leucania). 
f  linita  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  81  {Leucania). 
f  insucta  {Ouen),  Noct.  1,  p.  81  {Leucania). 
f  extiucta  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  79  {Leucania). 
f  videns  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  78  {Leucania). 
niiipiincta  {LlaiDorth) ;  Leuc.  extranea  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  77. 
pseiidai'gyria  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  74  {Leucania). 

t  rufostrigata  {Packard),  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  vol.  11,  p.  36  {Leucania). 
f  obiista  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  74  {Leucania). 
febriosa  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  74  {Leucania),  PI.  3,  fig.  11. 
t  diffusa  (TFrt^A;.),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  94  {Leucania). 
f  multilinea  {Walk),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  97  {Leucania). 
fcoutraria  {Walk),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  78  {Mythimna). 
flittera  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  71  {Leucania). 
f  tripars  {Walk),  Noct.  p.  78  {Mythimna). 
f  vetusta  ( Walk),  Noct.  p.  78  {MytMmna). 
Canada  to  California,  and  southward. 

UFEUS,  Grote  {\^1Z). 

Type:  Ufeus  satyricus  Grote. 

satyricus  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  101,  PI.  3,  fig.  4. 
plicatus  C7TO^t',Bul.Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  l,p.  102  ;  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.  16,  p.  241. 
Canada  to  California. 


22 

ZOSTEROPODA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Zosteropoda  liirtipes  Grote. 

hirtipes  Grote,  List  (17). 
California. 

MONODES,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Monodes  nucicolora  Guen. 
t  nucicolora  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  241. 
Florida. 

*LAPHYGMA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Telmia  exigua  Hilhn. 
frugiperda  {Abb.  &  bm),  {Phalaena)  vol.  3,  PI.  96;  Geyer,  683,684;  Guen., 
Noct.  1,  p.  159,  {Lapliygma) ;  Prodenia  autumnalis,  Riley,  3d  Mo.  Hep. 
p.  116. 
Canada,  soutliward. 

CARADRINA,  Ochsenheimer  {\Sl%). 
Type  :  Noctua  respersa  8.  V. 

t  tarda  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  243. 

miranda  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  11. 

grata  Eilbn.,  Zutr.  71,  72  {Elaphria). 

t  multifera  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  293  ;  Betliune  Can.  Eut.  1,  85. 

Canada,  southward. 

*PYROPHILA,   lliibner  (Tentamen). 

Type :  Noctua  pyramidea  Linn. 
pyraniidoides  (Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  413 ;  var.  inornata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Phil.  3,  p.  86  ;  aberr.  conspersa  Riley,  3d  Mo.  Rep.  p.  75. 
*  tragopoginis  {Linn.);  Agr.  repressus  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  3,  p.  162 ;  1.  c,  Saun- 
ders, (larva)  p.  193. 
Canada,  southward,  and  California. 

CERAMICA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Ceramica  exusta  Guen. 
picta  {Uarrifi),  {Mamestra)  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  p.  452  ;  Cer.  exusta  Guen.,  Noct.  l,p. 

344,  PI.  5,  fig.  9. 
f  vindcmialis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  344. 
t  w-album  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  345. 
Canada,  southward. 


23 


*TAEM0CA3irA,  Guenee  (1841). 

Type  :  Noctua  stabilis  TT.  V. 

alia  Gucn.,  Xoct.  1,  p.  354. 

t  hibisci  Quen.  Noct.  1,  p.  355  (desc.  from  Abbot's  MS.  figures). 
OTiduca  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  357. 

f  styracis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  357  (described  from  Abbot's  MS.  figures), 
t*  incerta  {Ilufn.) ;  0th  instahilis  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.,  Agr.  Soc.  IG,  343. 
Canada,  southward. 

*PACHNOBIA,  Gucme  (1852). 

Type  :  Noctua  rubricosa  W.  V, 

coriiuta  Grote,  List  (18). 

t  caniea  {Thunb.) ;  Moschler,  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  3G1. 
Labrador,  California. 

ORTHODES,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Orthodes  infirma  Guen. 

iuflrma  *  Gucn.,  Ortli.  infirma  A,  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  375. 
f  cyuica  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  875. 
f  iiimia  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  376. 
f  caiidens  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  376. 
f  yecors  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  376. 
New  York,  southward. 

ZOTHECA,  Grote  (1874). 

Tj'pe :  Zotheca  tranquilla  Grote. 

tranqnilla  Grote,  List  (19). 
California. 

ANOMIS,  Buhner  (1816). 

Type :  Anomis  erosa  Iluhn. 

erosa  Uubn.,  Zutr.  S.  19,  figs.  288,  287. 
t  fulvida  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  397  (an  spec,  praec.  ?). 
Southern  States. 

9  In  this  species  the  eyes  are  hairy.  The  lines  on  the  fore  wings  are  relieved  by  narrow  yel- 
lowish or  pale  shades.  AH  the  markings  distinct  and  carried  out.  Ordinary  spots  contiguous 
(in  some  specimens  more  so  than  in  others) ;  also  circled  by  fine  pale  anniiUi.  Median  linos 
trapezoidal.    The  geneial  color  is  dull  rosy  brown  ;  squamation  smooth.    Expanse  3"2  m.  m. 


24 


ALETIA,  Uuhner  (1823). 

Type :  Aletia  argillacea  Hubn. 
arg'illacea  Ilubn.,  Zutr.  {Aletia)  Sdd,  400;  Noctua  a-ylina  Say,  Lee.  Ed.  2,  p. 
370 ;  Anomis  gy'ancUpuncta  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  400 ;  Anomis  hipunctina 
Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  400 ;  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  pp.  122  aud  170. 
f  lui'idiila  {Guen),  Noct.  2,  p.  401  {Anomis). 
Canada  to  Brazil. 

EULEPIDOTIS,  Hulmer  (1818). 

Type  :  Eulei^idotis  alabastraria  Ui'ibn. 

\  alabastraria  Unhn.,  Zutr.  2,  S.  22,  figs.  311,  312. 
Savanaah. 

PTERAETHOLIX  Orote  (1-973). 
Type :  Pter.  bullula  Grote. 
bullula  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.'Soc,  4,  p.  299. 
Alabama. 

MYTHIMNA,  Oehs.  (1816). 

Type:  Noctua  acetosellae  W.  V. 

■\  culea  Guen.,^°  {Mesogona)  Noct.  1,  p.  404. 
Florida. 

*  CALYMNIA,  Huhner  (1816). 

Type  :  Noctua  trapezina  Linn. 

orina  {Guen.),  {Cosmia)  Noct.  2,  p.  10 ;  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  205 ;  Saunders,  C.  E. 
5,  200  (larva). 
Canada  aud  Middle  States. 

*  IPIMORPHA,  nnlner  (1816). 

Type  :  Noctua  subtusa  D.  &  S. 

pleonectusa  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  191. 
New  York. 

*  ATETHMIA,  Iliibner  (1816). 

Type :  Atethmia  xerampelina  Uuhner. 

pamyiiia  {Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  402,  PI.  7,  fig.  3  {CirrTioedia). 
Canada,  southward. 

i«Guen6e's  remark  p.  404:  "■duns  lesquelles  lesauteurs  avaient  d'abord  class6  le  geure  eu- 
tier,"  is  made  of  course  without  reference  to  Ilubner,  who  had  clearly  circumscribed  the  genus 
in  1816. 


25 

CIIOEPHORA  O.  &  R.  (1868). 

Type :  Clioepliora  f  ungorum  (J.  dc  It. 

fungorum  G.  <£•  11,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  200,  PI.  3,  fig.  74. 
New  York,  soutliward. 

*CLEOCERIS  Boisd.  (teste  Led.). 

Type  :  Noctua  viiniaalis  Fahr. 

t  onychina  {Oucn.),  Noct.  2,  p.  48  {Epunda). 
North  America. 

*ORTHOSIA  OcJis.  (181G). 

Type :  Noctua  lota  Linn. 

Tiatica  Orote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  33. 
decliva  Grote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34. 
inulta  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34. 
apiata  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34. 
finsciens  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  74G. 
Canada,  southward. 

*XANTHIA,  SMftwer  (Tentamen). 
Type  :  Noctua  f  ulvago  Linn. 

rnfago  Ruhn.,  Zutr.  61,  62  {Jodia);  Guen.,  {Xanthia)  Noct.  1,  p.  392. 

aurautiago  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  394,  PI.  7,  fig.  1. 

f  bicolorago  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  397. 

ferruginoides  Guen.,  Noct.  l,p.  398 ;  UcoloragoX  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  464 ; 

G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  78 ;  Xanthia  spurcata  Walk.,  C.  B.  M., 

Noct.,  p.  749. 
ralla  G.  &  B.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  346,  PI.  7,  fig.  49. 
eiiroa  G.  &  E.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4;  puta  (n.  b.  1.),  G.  &  R.  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 

Soc.  1,  p.  347,  PI.  7,  fig.  50. 
*gilTagO  (TF.  v.);  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  95. 
t*silagO  {Eiibner) ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  461. 
t(?)chloroi)lia  {Iliibner),  Zutr.  1,  No.  37,  figs.  73,  74  {Xestia). 

Canada,  southward. 

BUIi.  BUF.   800.  NAT.   SCI.  (4)  MAT,   1874. 


26 

*GLAEA,ii  miner  (Tentamen). 

Type :  Noctua  vaccinii  Linn. 

t  ancliocelioides  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  384  (Cerastis). 
Am.  Sept. 

*  SCOPELOSOMA,  Curtis  (1840). 

Type :  Noctua  satellitia  Linn. 

Oraeflaiia  Grote,  List  (30). 

ceromatica  Grote,  JAst  (21). 

viBuleiila  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  440  {Dicliugrmnma),  PI.  9,  fig.  6; 

List  (23). 
Morrisoui  Grote,  List  (23). 
Walkeri  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  439  {Dicliagramma) ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc. 

Nat.   Sci,  1,  p.  193  {Scopelosoma) ;  List  (34). 
sidus  Giien.,  Noct.  1,  p.  3SG  ;  Grote,  List  (35). 
Canada  to  Texas. 

*  SCOLIOPTERTX,  Germar  (1831). 
Type  :  Noctua  libatrix  Linn. 

*  libatrix  (ii«n.) ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  1011. 
Canada  to  Texas. 

*LITHOPHANE,  Hiilner  (181G). 

Type  :  Noctua  petrificata  W.  V. 

*  socia  {Hufnagel) ;  petrificata  W.  V.;  Xyl.  vulgaris  G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil. 

6,  p.  18,  PI.  3,  fig.  3 ;  LitliopJume  socia  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad. 

Sci.  p.  36. 
petiilca  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  35. 
ferrealis  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  36. 
signosa  ( Walk),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  627  {Xylina) ;  Grote,  {LithopJiane)  6th  Ann.  Rep. 

Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  37. 
Betlmnei  ((?.  &  B.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  354  {Xylina),  PI.  7,  fig.  56; 

Grote,  {Lilhophane)  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  37. 
semiusta  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  38. 

iiGuen6e's  criticism  of  Stepiiens'  use  of  this  generic  term  is  made  witliout  a  Ijnowledge  of 
the  Tantamen,  and  hence  is  valueless.  Stephens'  writings  on  the  Noctiiidae  are  worthy  of  the 
most  careful  study  since,  anterior  to  the  German  students,  he  has  recognized  many  of  the  impor- 
tant generic  characters  in  the  family.  Stephens  does  not,  perhaps,  need  Westwood"s  apology 
(Journal  of  Entomology,  Vol.  2,  p.  IIS)  for  his  treatment  of  this  group  of  insects. 


27 

ciucrca  {RUc}/),  3d  Mo.  Rop.  p.  35  {Xylina);  0 rote, (Lithoi^Jiane)  6th  Ann.  Rep. 

Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  j).  38. 
laticiuerea  Orotc.^'^ 
tcpida  Orote^^ 

querqnera  Orote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  38. 
tmiiltilarla  (Walk.),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  628  {Xylina). 
\  infriictuosa  {Walk.),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  627  {Xylina). 
t  patcfacta  (]^«;^•.),  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  733  {Xylina). 
pcxata  Grote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  39. 
Canada,  southward. 

ANYTUS,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Xylina  sculpta  Grote. 
sculptns  Grote,  {Xijlina)  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  114,  PI.  3,  fig.  1 ;  1.  c,  p. 

145  {Anytus). 
capax  {G.  &  R),  {Xylina)  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  355,  PI.  7,  fig.  57  ;  Grote, 
Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  145  {Anytus). 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

*CALOCAMPA,  Stephens  (1829). 

Type  :  Axylia  vetusta  Wliner. 

*  vctiista  {Iliibn.),  Noct.  459 ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  619. 

*  solidaginis  {Snbn.),  Noct.  256;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  759. 

Canada,  southward. 

*XYLOMIGES,  Guenee  {1852). 

Type :  Noctua  conspicillaris  Linn. 
patalis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  144,  PI.  4,  fig.  11. 
hiemalis  Grote,  List  (26). 
curialis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  143. 

>2Both  sexes  examined.  Very  much  larger  than  cinerea,  with  broader  wings,  the  t.  p.  line 
further  from  the  reniform.  Dead  blackish  cinereous,  the  orbicular  paler,  extending  below  the 
median  vein,  where  it  sometimes  attains  the  reniform,  constricted  and  marked  on  the  vein  ; 
claviform  obsolete.  The  markings  are  much  as  in  cinerea,  the  color  of  the  wings  the  same,  the 
subterminal  line  is  more  obviously  marked  with  blackish  and  the  median  lines  further  apart. 
Expanse,  44  to  46  m.  m.    New  York,  Wisconsin. 

13 Female  examined.  Allied  to  cinerea,  but  brighter  colored  and  more  distinctly  marked. 
Fore  wings  frosted  with  whitish  over  blackish.  Keniform  red  stained,  with  blackish  interior 
line,  larger  and  wider  than  in  cinerea  ;  orbicular  black  ringed,  whitish,  open  to  costa,  not  ex- 
tending below  median  vein.  Basal  dash  distinct,  black,  surmounted  with  a  white  shade.  Clavi- 
form obvious  ;  subterminal  line  preceded  by  blackish  marks  opposite  the  cell  and  again  between 
veins  1  and  2.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous  with  a  warm  tint ;  abdomen  with  ochery  tinted  lateral 
vestiturc.    Thorax  whitish  ashen.    Expanse,  37  m.  m.    Mass.,  Mr.  II.  K.  Morrison,  No.  90S. 


28 

•f-  mucens  {Huhn),  Zutr.  415,  416  {Septis) ;  Herr.-Scli.,  Corr.-Bl.,  S.  74  {X7jlom- 

iges). 
t  phytolaccae  (Ahb.  &  Sm.),  2,  p.  193,  PI.  97  (Phalaena). 

California  and  Atlantic  District. 

*  CUCULLIA,  Schrank  (1801). 

Type  :  Noctua  verbasci  Linn. 

convexipennis  G.  <&  E.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2, p.  201,  PI.  3,  fig.  76. 

asteroides  G-uen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  133. 

postera  Ouen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  133. 

Speyeri  Lintn.,  26th  Ann.  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  168. 

intermedia  Speyer,  23d  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  pp.  217-232,  PI.  8,  figs.  5-7 ;  um- 

Iratica  %  Guen.  (nee.  Linn.),  Noct.  2,  p.  147. 
florea  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  134,  PI.  7,  fig.  9. 
serraticornis  Lintn.,  26tli  Ann.  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  174. 
(?)  Yosemitae  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  pp.  113  and  145,  PI.  3,  fig.  3. 

Canada  to  California. 

CRAMBODES,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Crambodes  talidiformis  Guen. 

talidiformis  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  152,  PI.  7,  fig.  12. 
Atlantic  States. 

ADIPSOPHANES,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Adipsoplianes  miscellus  Grote. 
miscellus  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  181. 
New  York  to  California. 

*  EUTELIA,  Huhner  (1816). 

Type  :  Eutelia  adulatrix  Hubner. 

pulclierrima  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  320  {Bipogenus). 
Middle  States. 

MARASMALUS,  Grote  (1872). 

Type :  Marasmalus  ventilator  Grote. 

yentilator  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  89. 
histrio  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  297. 
Massacluisetts  to  Texas. 


29 

INGURA,  Quenie  (1852). 

Type :  Ingura  abrostoloides  Qucn. 

abrostoloides  Ouen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  311. 

occulatrix  Giicn.,  Noct.  2,  p.  313. 

deliucata  (? wen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  311 ;  ?  Edema  producta  Walk.,C.  B.  M.,  5, 1031. 

*  CALPE  Treitschke  (1825). 

Type :  Bombyx  tlialictri  Borkh. 

canadensis i>e^/«m6,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  213 ;  Plusiodonta?  purimrascens 
Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  33,  p.  843 ;  Oraesia  sdbria  Walk.,  1.  c,  p.  846. 
Canada,  southward. 

SUDARIOPHORA,  Zeller  (1872). 

Type  :  Phyprosopus  callitrichoides  Orote. 

callitriclioides  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  90  {Phyprosopus) ;  Sudario- 
phora  nasutaria  Z.  Ver.  K.  K.  z.-b.  G.  S.  490,  Taf.  2,  fig.  11 ;  Sudariopliora 
callitriclioides  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  170  ;  Doryodes  acutalis 
Walk.  14  (nee.  Guen.),  C.  B.  M.,  Delt.  p.  73. 
New  York  to  Texas. 

HYPSOROPHA,  Eiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  monilis  Fabr. 
nionilis  (Fabr.),  124  {Noctua) ;  {Hypsoropha)  Hiibn.,  Zutr.  23,  24. 
liormos  Huhn.,  Zutr.  14,  fig.  27,  28  ;  Monogona  hormos  Guen.,  2,  403. 
Southern  States. 

BASILODES,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Basilodes  pepita  Guen. 

pepita  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  358,  PI.  12,  fig.  1. 
Virginia,  southward. 

PLUSIODONTA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Plusiodonta  compressipalpis  Guen. 

compressipjilpis  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  359,  PI.  12,  fig.  2. 
New  York,  southward. 

HEMICERAS,  Gnenie  (1852). 

Type:  Hemiceras  cadmia  Guen. 

■f-  cadmia  Guen..  Noct.  2,  383,  PI.  13,  fig.  2. 
Am.  Sept. 

"Consult  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  79,  also  Zeller,  1.  c,  and  Packard,  Filth  Rep. 
Pcab.  Acad.  p.  00. 


30 

LITOPROSOPUS,  Grote  (1869). 

Type :  Dyops  f  utilis  O.  &  R. 

futilis  ((?.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  202,  fig.  73  {Dyop») ;  Grote,  Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  309  {Litoprosopus). 
Florida. 

*TELESILLA,  Herr.-Sc}i.{\m^). 

Type  :  Trigonopliora  ametliystina  Hubn. 

ciiiereola  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  316  (Placodes),  PI.  15,  fig.  1 ;  H.-S.,  Exot.  p.  08, 
fig.  215 ;  Telesilla  cin.  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  16. 
Eastern  to  Southern  States. 

*ABROSTOLA,  Oclis.  (1816). 
Type :  Noctua  urticae  Hiibn. 

ovalis  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  322. 
urentis  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  322,  PI.  11,  fig.  11. 
Eastern  to  Southern  States. 

*PHJSIA,  Fdbr.  (teste  iecZ.). 

Type:  Noctua  chrysitis  Linn.  [Hiibn.  Tent.) 
aerea  (Ilitbn.),  {AgrnpM) ;  Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  333  (Plusia). 
aereoides  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  83,  PI.  2,  fig.  5. 
pnrpurigera  (Walk.),  (Deva)  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  1791. 

balluca  {Geyer),  Zutr.  681,  682  {Dyaelirysia) ;  Gaen.  Noct.  2,  p.  331  {Plusia). 
*  bractea  {8.  V.),  S.  314  (California,  Behrcns) ;  Grote,  List  (27). 
contexta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  193. 

Putnami  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  pp.  146  and  192,  PI.  4,  fig.  2. 
Striatella  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  194. 
thyatyroides  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  337,  PL  11,  fig.  8. 
liiappa  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  204. 
bimaculata  Stepji.,  3,  p.  104;  PI.  u-brevis,  Guen.  2,  p.  341. 
biloba  StepJi.,  3,  p.  104  ;  Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  341,  PI.  11,  fig.  10. 
verruca  (Fabr.).  238  {Noctua) ;  Guen.  2,  p.  342  (Plusia). 
precationis  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  344. 
simplex  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  346. 

pasipliaeia  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  146,  PI.  4,  fig.  1  (Calif.), 
f  ou  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  348. 
*e:amiua  (Linn.) ;  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  10. 

*1U  (Uuhn.),  284  ;  Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  349;  PI.  ^rassicffe  Riley,  2d  Mo.  T?pp.  p.  Ill  ; 
Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  147  (Calif.). 


31 

oxygraiuina  (Oeycr),  Zutr.   TOO,  770  (Autof/raphn) ;    Gaen.  Noct.  2,  p.  3.jO 

(Plusia). 
+  parilis  {Ilubn.) ;  Moscli.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  371. 
niortuorum  6tmcti.,  Noct.  2,  p.  353. 
S-.scripta  Sanborn  MS. ;  G';-*?^^^  List  (28). 
aiiipla  Walk-.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  910. 
t  flagollum  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  909. 
t  indi^na  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  909. 
viridisigiua  Grote,  List  (29). 
tu-aurenm  Boisd. ;  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.  4,p.  371. 
fquadriplag'a  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  p.  911. 
t  selecta  mdk.,  C.  B.  M.  p.  912. 
t  secedens  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  p.  913. 
f  falcigera  Kirbij,  F.  B.  Am.  4,  308. 
f  rectaugula  Kirbp,  F.  B.  Am.  4, 306. 
fdiasema  {Dalm);  Staudgr.  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1857,  S.  305. 
alticola  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  912  ;  PI  ignea  Grote,  Proc,  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2, 

p.  274.1* 
f*  Hoclienwartlii  HocTienw.;  divergens  (Fabr.),  Moscli.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  370. 
Labrador,  southward,  westward  to  California. 

*  ANARTA,  Ochs.  (1816). 

Type  :  Noctua  myrtilli  Linn. 

f*  myrtilli  {Liiui.) ;  Acadiensis  Betlmne,  Trans.  Nov.  Sco.  Ins.  1868-9,  p.  84. 
*cordigera  {Thunb.),  M.  N.  U.  Pars.  6,  {Noctua)  1788;  Mosch.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p. 

367  ;  An.  luteola  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  493,  PI.  3,  figs.  5 

andO. 

*  melanopa  {Thunb.),  Ins.  Suec.  Pars.  2,  p.  42  {Noctua) ;  Mosch.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p. 

367 ;  An.  nigrolunata  Pack.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  1866,  p.  40 ;  Grote, 
Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  p.  244  (1874). 
quadriluuata  Orote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  16,  p.  244. 

*  aiuissa  Lefebr.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  p.  397,  PI.  10,  fig.  6  ;  Mosch.  W.  E.  M. 

4,  p.  367. 
Ricliardsoui  {Curtis),  App.  Ross.  Narr.  2d  Voy.  {Hadena) ;  An.  algioda  Lefebr. 

Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  p.  395,  PI.  10,  fig.  5  ;  Anarta  Bichardsoni,  Walk.,  C. 

B.  M.  Noct.  p.  700 ;  An.  algida,  Mosch.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  307. 
subfuscula  Orote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  16,  p.  244. 
t  impingeus  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  700. 

15  This  species,  from  Colorado,  appears  on  comparison  distinct  from  the  European  iZbt'Acn- 
warthl,  wliicli  latter  is  possibly  erroneously  determined  from  Labrador  by  Moschler. 


32 

t  septentrionis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  700. 
fconstricta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  701. 
t  rigida  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  701. 

*  Melaleuca  (Thuni.),  Ins.  Suec.  Pars.  2,  (JVoctua),  p.  43,  fig.  12(1791);  An. 

Ucyda  Pack.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  1866,  p.  41. 

*  Sclioulierri  Zett.;  Anarta  leucocyda,  Stdgr.  S.  E.  Z.  1857,  S.  296 ;  Sympistis 

leuc.  Moscli.  W.  E.  M.  4,  367,  Taf .  9,  fig.  6. 

*  fimesta  Zett.,  Ins..  Lap.  p.  950  ;  Moscli.  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  370;  Anarta  amissaX 

Lefb.  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  5,  PI.  10,  fig.  7. 
Labrador  to  Colorado  Territory. 

LEPIPOLYS,  Ouenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Lepipolys  perscripta  Ouen. 
perscripta  Ouen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  144,  PL  7,  fig.  10;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci. 
1,  p.  147. 
Southern  States  to  California. 

STIRIA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type:  Stiria  rugifrons  Grote: 

rngifrons  Grote,  List  (30). 
Kansas,  Colorado  Territory. 

STIBADIUM,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Stibadium  spumosum  Orote. 

spiiinosuiu  Grote,  List  (31). 
Kansas. 

PLAGIOMIMICUS,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Plagiomimicus  pityochromus  Grote. 
pityocliromus  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  182. 
Middle  and  Southern  States. 

SCHINIA,  HiXhner  (1818). 

Type :  Scbinia  trifascia  Hiibner. 

trifascia  Huln.,  Zutr.  1,  p.  11,  figs.  33,  34. 
rectifascia  Grote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  16,  p.  242. 
f  gracilenta  Ildhn.,  Zutr.  1,  p.  8,  figs.  5,  6. 
t  Infascia  Unhn.,  Zutr.  1,  p.  14,  figs.  55,  56. 
Middle  and  Southern  States. 


33 

CHLORIDEA,  Westw.  (1841). 

Type :  Plialaena  rliexiae  Abb.  &  ISm. 

liiexiae  {Abb.  <£  Sm),  Ins.  Ga.  3,  p.  199,  PI.  100 ;  Guen.,  Noct.  2.  p.  175  {Aspila). 
f  siibllexa  {Guen.),  Xoct.  2,  p.  175  {Aspila). 
Southern  States. 

ORIA  Oueii.  (exQeyer). 

Type :  6ria  sanguinea  Oeycr. 

sangiiinea  Ocyer,  Zutr.  4,  p.  9,  figs.  613,  G14 ;  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  1G7,  PI.  9,  fig.  5. 
Southern  States  and  California. 

ALAKIA,  Westw.  {\U1). 

Type :  Phalaena  gaurae  Abb.  &  Sm. 

gaurae  {Abb.  &  Sm.),  Ins.  Ga.  2,  p.  197,  PI.  99;  PorpJiymiia  mntutina  Hitbn., 
Zutr.  3,  557,  558. 
Southern  States. 

RIIODOPHORA,  (7«e?i.  (1852). 

Type  :  Rhodophora  florida  Guen. 

florida  GiLen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  171,  PI.  9,  fig.  7. 
Middle  States  and  Nevada. 

DERRIMA,  Walk.  (1856). 

Type  :  Derrima  stellata  Walk. 

Stellata  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  770 ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  114. 
lienrietta  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  3,  PI.  2,  fig.  1  {PMlomma). 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

LTGRANTHOECIA,  G.  &  B.  (1873). 

Type :  Crambus  marginatus  Haworth. 

luarg'inata  {Haw.),  374 ;  Anthoecia  rivulosa  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  184,  PI.  9,  fig.  12  ; 
Microphysa  contracta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  836;  Anthopliila  divergens 
Walk.,  830 ;  Euclidia  designata  Walk.,  985. 
saturata  Grote,  List.  (32). 

Tlioreaui  0.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  8,  p.  181,  PI.  2,  fig.  80  {Anthoecia). 
Eastern  to  Southern  States. 

MELAPORPIIYRIA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Melaporphyria  immortua  Grote. 
iininortua  Grote,  List  (33). 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

BUL.   BUP.   soc.   NAT.   SCI.  (5)  MAT,   1874. 


34 

EULEUCTPTERA,  Gro<fi(1865). 

Type  :  Euleucyptera  curaatilis  Grote. 

cumatilis  Grote,  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Pliil.  4,  p.  330,  PI.  2,  fig.  6. 
Colorado. 

TllICOPIS,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Tricopis  clirysellus  Grote. 

clirysellus  Grote,  List  (34). 
Texas  and  Kansas. 

HELIOLONCHE,  Grote  (1873). 

Type:  Heliolonclie  modicella  Grote, 

niodicella  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  116,  PI.  3,  fig.  12. 
California. 

*MELICLEPTRIA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Melicleptria  cardui  H'ubn. 

initis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  116,  PI.  3,  fig.  7. 

f  tuiberculum  Buhn.,  Zutr.  3,  figs.  517,  518. 

biiia  {Quen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  186  {Anthoecia). 

brevis  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  530,  PI.  6,  fig.  4  {Anthoecia). 

atrites  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  119. 

arcifera  {Guen.),  Noct.  3,  p.  399  {AntJioecia) ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  PLil.  2,  p. 

340,  Pi.  6,  fig.  3, ;  AntJi.  arcigera  Guen.,  1.  c,  p.  184. 
Spragnei  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  341,  PI.  6,  figs.  4,  5  {Anthoecia). 
lynx  {Gue7i.),  Noct.  2,  p.  185  {Anthoecia);  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2, p.  843, 

PI.  6,  fig.  6. 
Packard!  Grote,  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  528,  PI.  6,  fig.  2  {Anthoecia),  var. 

nobilis  id.,  1.  c,  p.  529,  PI.  6,  fig.  3. 
mortua  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3  p.  528,  PI.  6,  fig.  1  {Anthoecia). 
pauxilla  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  118,  PI.  3,  fig.  6. 
dimiuutiva  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  148. 
persimilis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  117,  PI.  3,  fig.  11. 
sueta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  117,  PI.  3,  fig.  10. 
califoriiiensis  Grote;  Hel.  Californicus}  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p. 

149. 
celeris  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  148. 

villosa  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  531,  PI.  6,  fig.  6  {Melicleptria). 
pulcliripcnuis  Grote,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  16,  p.  241  (1874). 


35 

spinosae  (Ouen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  182,  PI.  9,  fig.  10;  Anthoecia  hirtella  Q.  &  IL, 

Proc.  Eat.  Soc.  Phil.  G,  p.  11),  PI.  3,  fig.  3. 
prcnipta  Orotc,  Trans.  Am.  Eat.  Soc.  4,  p.  294. 
Canada  southward,  and  westward  to  California. 

TAMILA,  Guenie  (1852). 

Type  :  Noctua  nundiaa  Drury. 

nuudiiia  {Drury),  1,  36,  {Noctua),  PI.  18,  fig.  5  ;  N.  nigrirena  Haw.  p.  2GG ;  Guon., 

Noct.  2,  p.  176  {Tamila). 
Meadi  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  121,  PI.  3,  fig.  5. 
Middle  States  and  Colorado. 

*HELI0T1IIS,  Unhncr  (Tentamen.) 
Type :  Noctua  dipsaci  8.  V. 

citrinellns  O.  &  K,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  180,  PI.  2,  fig.  79. 
plilogophajus  O.  &  B.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  187  and  vol.  3,  p.  180 ;  Eel. 

umbrosusX   Riley,  Prairie  Farmer  (1867);  Ilel.  armigeraX  Amer.  Nat. 

(an  Hel.  dipsacea  ?). 
*arinigera  Iluhn. ;  Hel.  umhrosus  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  1,  p.  219  ;  Eel. 

armigera  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  122. 
Canada  to  California  and  Southern  States. 

HELIOCHILUS,  Grote  (1865). 

Type :  Heliochilus  paradoxus  Grote. 
paradoxus  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  829,  PI.  3,  figs.  4,  5. 
Colorado  and  Southern  States. 

*  PTRRHIA,  Eiibner  (1816).    ' 

Type :  Noctua  rutilago  S.  V.  (umbra  Ilufn.). 

cxprimens  (TF(<^^.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  687  (EeUot/tis). 
Canada,  southward. 

AXENUS,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Axenus  arvalis  Grote. 
arvalis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  152,  PI.  4,  fig.  8. 
California. 

ANNAPHILA,  Gfote  (1873). 

Type  :  Annaphila  diva  Grote. 
diva  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sei.  1,  p.  150,  PI.  4.  fig.  1-1. 


36 

depicta  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  150,  PI.  4,  fig.  13. 
danistiea  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  151,  PI.  4,  fig.  7. 
California. 

*  TARACHE,  Hubner  (1816). 

Type  :  Taraclie  aprica  Hiibn. 
aprica  Uabn.,  371 ;  var.  biplaga  Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  218. 
termiuimaculata  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  153. 
flavipeiinis  Gi-ote,  Bui,  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  153. 

delecta  ( Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  799  (Acontia) ;  Acontia  metallica  Grote,  Proc. 
Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  327,  PI.  2,  fig.  7 ;  (Tarache)  G.  &  R.  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 
Soc.  2,  p.  78. 
cretata  G.  &  B.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  181,  PI.  2,  fig.  78. 
erastrioides  {Guen),  Noct.  2,  p.  218 ;  {Taraclie)  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 

2,  p.  78. 
candefacta  Huhn.,  Zutr.  3,  587,  588;  Acontia  dehilis  Walk.,  p.  786. 
Canada  soutliward  and  California. 

*THALPOCHARES/«  Led.  (1857). 

Type :  Noctua  purpurina  S.  V. 

t  mundula  Zcller,  V.  z.-b.  Gesell.  S.  460,  T.  2,  fig.  4. 
concinnimaciila  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  238,  PI.  10,  fig.  10  {Leptosia). 
Middle  and  Soijtliern  States. 

GALGULA,  Guente  (1852). 

Type  :  Galgula  liepara  Guen. 
t  hepara  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  239,  PI.  10,  fig.  11. 
t  subpartita  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  399 ;   Galg.  partita  Noct.  2,  p.  239. 
Am.  Sept. 

XANTHOPTERA,  Guen.  (1852). 

T}T)e :  Xantlioptera  nigrofimbria  Guen. 
iiigroflmbria  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  241,  PI.  10,  fig.  12. 
rosalba  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  295,  PI.  1,  fig.  88. 
coccineifascia  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  294,  PI.  1,  fig.  89. 
seiniflava  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  241. 
semicrocea  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  241. 
fax  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent,  Soc.  4,  p.  295. 
Middle  and  Soutliern  States. 

16  This  genns  is  first  inrticuted  liy  HiibiiPr  in  tlio  Tpiit;imon  uiulrr  tlic  pro-occuricd  (?)  ii.Tme 
"  Authophila"'  uiid  witli  tlie  type  indicated  above. 


37 

*EUSTROTIA,i''  nahner  {ISW). 
Type  :  Noctua  unca  S.  V. 

folivula  {Oaen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  231  {BanUa),  PI.  10,  fig.  8. 

albidiila  {Guen),  Noct.  2,  p.  230  (Erastria). 

eanicola  {Ouen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  228  (Erastria) ;  Mplaga  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  809. 

synocliitis  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  357  {Erastriay^ 

niijritula  (Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  229  {Erastria),  PI.  10,  fig.  7  ;  Minna  umhdifera 

Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  p.  258. 
miiscosula  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  230  {Erastria). 
miista  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  358  {Erastria). 
mitographa  Grote,  Trana.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  29G  {Erastria) 
malaca  Grote.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4.  p.  296  {Erastria). 
Eastern  to  Southern  States. 

CHAMYRIS,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Acontia  cerintha  Tr. 

cerintha(7V.);  Guen.  Noct.  2,  p.  225. 
Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

*EROTTLA,  Eiibner  (Tentamen). 

Type  :  Noctua  sulpliurea  S.  V. 

ftortricina  {Zeller),  Ver.  z.-b.  Gesell.  S.  461,  Tab.  2,  fig.  5. 

leo  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  205;  var.  onagrus,  Guen.,  1.  c,  PI.  10,  fig.  2  {AgropUla)  ; 

H.-S.,  Ex.  fig.  209. 
dama  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  205  {Agropliila). 
apicella  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  21  {Emmelia). 
Eastern  States,  southward. 

LEPIDOMYS,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Lepidomys  irrenosa  Guen. 

t  irrenosa  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  202,  PI.  10,  fig.  1. 
New  York. 

*  METOPONIA,  BnponcJiel  (1844). 

Type :  Aegle  flava  Hubn. 

obtusa  Rerr.-Sch.,  Ex.  p.  68,  fig.  210. 
New  Y''ork  and  Pennsylvania. 


17  "Erastria"  is  first  used  by  Hubner  for  the  Geometrid  Erastria  amatariu  ;  Treitschke's  use 
of  Hiibner's  generic  name  cannot  be  followed. 

18  Nach  briefl.  IHit.  dcs  Uerru  Trof.  Zeller,  mit  venmtula  verwandt. 


38 


Fasciatae  BorJchauscn  (1792). 

\ 


j  Quadrifidae  Guen.  (restr.),  1852 
I  Catocalinae  Packard,  1867. 


DRASTERIA,  Buhner  (1816). 

Type :  Phalaena  ericlitea  Cramer. 

ericlitea  {Cram.),  275  E. ;  ?  spadix  Cram.  275  F. ;  Cissusa  spadix  Walk.  Noct., 
153 ;  Guen.,  3,  289  ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  155  ;  Micropliysa 

sobria  Walk.,  835 ;    $  mundula  G.  &.  E.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  1,  191,  PI. 

4,  fig.  35 ;  var.  agricola  O.  &  R.,  1.  c,  189,  PL  4,  fig.  34  ;  var.  ochrea 

Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  155 ;  Poaphila  narrata  Walk.  Noct., 

1474. 
ericbto  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  290  ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  154. 
coeriilea  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1, 155. 

conyalescens  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  289;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  154. 
Canada  to  California  and  Southern  States. 

*EUCLIDIA,  JJiifiKer  (Tentamen). 
Type  :  Plialaena  glyphica  L. 
*cuspi(lea  (H/ibn.),  Zutr.  69,  HOiDrasteria) ;  Guen.  (EucUdia)  Noct.  3,  292. 
fcapiticola  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  1461. 
t  petricola  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  1462. 
Atlantic  District  and  California.         , 

PAR ALLELIA,  Eiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Par.  bistriaria  Hiibn. 

bistriaria  Blbn.,  Zutr.  1,  S.  15,  figs.  63,  64. 
Atlantic  District. 

AGNOMONIA,  Eiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  anilis  Drury. 
auilis  {Drury),  2,  21,  PI.  12,  fig.  3  ;  Ag.  sesquistnaris  Hiibn.,  Zutr.  419,  420. 
Atlantic  District. 

POAPHILA,  Guenie  (1852). 

Tj^e  :  Agnomonia  quadrifilaris  Hiibn. 
quadrililaris  {Rabn),  Zutr.  S.  37,  figs.  569,  570. 
fdelcta  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  300. 
t  sylvaruiii  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  300,  PL  23,  fig.  2. 

f  erasa  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  301. 

f  hcrhicola  (Boisd.),  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  301. 


39 

t  perplcxa  {Boisd.),  Oucn.,  Noct.  3,  p.  302. 
t  coiitoinpta  (Boisd.),  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  303. 
]tcr1)ni'inu  (Boisd.),  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  303. 
bistrisrata  (Iliibn.),  Zutr.  figs.  Ill,  113  (Ptkliodcs). 
f  flavistiaris  Unhn.),  Zutr.  figs.  555,  556  (CrocMphora). 
(?)  tSmithii  (Guen.),  Noct.  3,  p.  266  (OpMusa),  PI.  33,  fig.  4. 
(?)  ts'JuilJS  (Boisd.),  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  367  (Opldusa). 
(?)  fconsobrina  (Guen.),  Noct.  3,  p.  368  (Ophiusa).'^^ 
Canada,  southward. 

PHURYS,  Ouenie  (1852). 

Type :  Phurys  vinculum  Guen. 

vinculum  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  304. 
lima  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  305. 
Southern  States. 

CELIPTEKA,  Ouenee  (1853). 

Type  :  Cel.  frustulum  Guen. 

frustulum  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  308;  Litomitus  elongatus  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
Phil.  3,  p.  85,  PI.  3,  fig.  6. 
Canada,  southward. 

PHOBEllIA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Phoberia  atomaris  Uiibn. 

atomaris  Huhn.,  Zutr.  S.  35,  figs.  75,  76 ;  ? Lysda  orthosioides  Guen.,  3,  p.  396, 
PI.  33,  fig.  1. 
New  York,  southward. 

STICTOPTERA,  Gue?i.  (1853). 

Type:  Stictoptera  cucullioides  Guenee. 

divarlcata  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Kep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  41. 
Wisconsin. 

PANULA,  Guen.  (1853). 

Type:  Panula  inconstans  Guen. 

t  inconstans  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  59,  PI.  13,  fig.  9. 
f  remigipila  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  60. 
Am.  Sept. 

19  It  is  useless  to  increase  this  list  by  the  addition  of  Mr.  Walker's  species. 


40 

*BOLINA,  Dwp.^o  (1844). 

Type :  Opliiusa  cailino  Lefh. 

jucuiula  (Il'dbn.),  Zutr.  S.  17,  figs.  81,  83  (MeKpotes) ;  Bolina  cinis  Guen.,  Noct. 

3,  p.  63. 
nigrescens  {G.  d;  R.),  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  p.  30,  PI.  3,  fig.  4  {Aedia). 
pallescens  {O.  &  R.),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  p.  31,  PI.  3,  fig.  5  {Acdia). 
fasciolaris  {Huhn),  Zutr.  S.  15,  figs.  443,  444  {Aedia). 
f  liadeuifonuis  Belir,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  35. 
liiiil)olaris  {Oeyer),  Zutr.  689,  690  {Aedia). 
California,  Canada  to  Texas. 

SUfEDA,  auenie  {\%52). 

Type :  Drasteria  graphica  Hiibn. 

hudsouica  G.  <&  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  494,  PI.  3,  figs.  7,  8. 
graphica  {Hiibn.),  Zutr.  11,  13  {Drasteria) ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  71  {Syneda). 
Howlandi  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  533,  PI.  0,  fig.  7. 
f  ocliracea  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ant.  Soc.  3,  p.  35. 
f  nul)icola  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3.  p.  35. 
f  maculosa  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  36. 
t  Stretcliii  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  37. 
f  tejonica  BeJir,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  36. 
f  socia  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  3,  p.  37. 
I  adnmbrata  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  37. 
f  divergens  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  37. 
f  Edwardsii  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  38. 
California,  Canada  to  Texas. 

HYPOGRAMMA,  Guenee  (1853). 

Type  :  Phalaena  Sulima  Stoll. 

\  andromedae  Guen.  Noct.  3,  36  (described  from  Abbot's  drawings). 
Georgia. 

ALLOTRIA,  Buhner  (1816). 

Type  :  Allotria  elonympha  Iliihn. 

elonyinplia  Iliihn.,  Zutr.  39,  30 ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  37. 
Canada,  southward. 

20  See  Lederer,  W.  E.  M.  5,  398.    None  of  the  American  species  have  been  examined  by  me  re- 
cently, and  need  structural  comparisons  with  the  European. 


41 

PARTHENOS,  Ilnhner  (1810). 

Type:  Partlienos  nubilis  Iliibncr. 

nubilis  Ilahn.,  Ex.  Schin. ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  80. 
Canada,  southward. 

*  CATOCALA,  Schmnk  (1801). 
Type :  Noctua  fraxini  L. 

Epiouc  {Drury),  1,  p.  46,  PI.  23,  fig.  3  {Noctua) ;  Westw.  Ed.  {Catocala) ;  Guen. 

Noct.  3,  p.  93 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  1,  p.  2. 
laerymosa  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  93;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  2,  p.  19;  Strecker, 

PI.  3,  fig.  3. 
Robiusoui  Ch-ote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  p.  20. 
insolabilis  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  94 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  3,  p.  3  ;  Strecker,  PI. 

5,  fig.  1. 
residua  Grote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.  IG,  p.  242  (1874). 
obscura  Streck.,  PI.  3,  fig.  4. 
viduata  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  pp.  94  and  400  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  4,  p.  3  ;  Streck., 

PI.  3,  fig.  3. 
desperata  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  95 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  5,  p.  3  ;  Strecker, 

Plate  5,  fig.  2. 
retecta  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  6,  p.  4. 
flebilis  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  7,  p.  4. 

tristis  Bdw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  511 ;  Streck.,  PI.  3,  fig.  1. 
relicta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  1192 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  9,  p.  4  ;  Streck., 

PI.  3,  figs.  5,  6. 
f  adultera  Hime,  Etudes  Motsch.,  1857,  p.  47  ;  Menetr.,  Nouv.  Esp.  Lep.,  p. 

157,  T.  17,  fig.  1 ;  Led.,  W.  E.  M.,  8,  S.  GO  (California). 
califoriiica  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  509;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  10, 

p.  5. 
Walshii  Edw.,  Proc,  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  509 ;  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  p.  233. 
unijuga  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  1194 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  12,  p.  5  ;  Streck., 

PI.  5,  fig.  9. 
t  jnnctura  Walk.,  C.B.  M.  Noct.  1196  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  13,  p.  5. 
semirelicta  Grote,  6th  Ann.  Hep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  39. 
Meskei  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  p.  161. 
Briseis  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  508  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  11,  p.  5, 

Streck.,  PI.  3,  fig.  7. 
f  Irene  Behr,  Traus.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  24. 
t  Stretchii  Behr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  24. 

BUL.  BUP.  SOC.  NAT.  801.  (G)  MAT,   1874. 


42 

Faustina  Streck.,  PI.  3,  fig.  8  ;  Grote,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  16,  p.  243. 
parta  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  84 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  15,  p.  6  ;  var.  perplexa  || 

Streck.,  PI.  5,  fig.  11  ;  C.  amatrixX  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  1195  (not  Hiibuer). 
COCcinata  Orote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  16,  p.  6 ;  Strecker,  PL  3,  fig.  9. 
ultrouia  {Hilbn.),  Zutr.  347,  348  {Eunetis);  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  89  (Catocala). 
concumbeus  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1198 ;  Grote,  Cat,  N.  Am.  No.  20,  p.  7 ;  Strecker, 

PI.  5,  fig.  13. 
amatrix  {Huhn.),  Exot.  Sclmi.  2  {Lmnprosia) ;  Guen.,  3,  86  {Catocala) ;  Cat. 

selecta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1197 ;  C.  nurus  Walk.,  1195  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am. 

No.  18,  p.  7. 
arizoiiae  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  p.  163. 
cara  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  87 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  19,  p.  7. 

niarmorata  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  2,  p.  508. 

Ilia  (Cramer),  Exot.  PI.  33,  figs.  B.  C.  (Phalaena) ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  91  {Cato- 
cala) ;  Grote,  1.  o.,  No.  22,  p.  8. 
f  uxor  Guen.  (n.  b.  1.),  Noct.  3,  p.  92. 
t  Zoe  Belir,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  24. 
innubens  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  98 ;  var.  scintillans  G.  <&  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil. 

6,  p.  28,  PL  4,  fig.  6 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  24,  p.  8. 
cerogama  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  96  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  25,  p.  9  ;  Strecker,  PI. 

3,  fig.  10. 
neogama  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  96 ;  ?  PTial.  neogaina  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PL  88;  Grote, 

Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  26,  p.  9  ;  Strecker,  PL  5,  figs.  4, 5.    (C.  communis  Grote.) 
subuata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  326,  PL  4,  fig.  5  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am. 

No.  27,  p.  9  ;  Strecker,  PL  5,  fig.  3. 
piatrix  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  pp.  88,  532,  PL  3,  fig.  3 ;  1.  c.  No.  28,  p.  10. 
palaeogama  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  97;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  pp.  87,  541, 

PL  3,  fig.  2  ;  var.  phalanga  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  86,  PL  3,  fig.  1 ;  Cat.  N.  Am. 

No.  29,  pp.  10, 11. 
liabilis  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  30,  p.  11. 
censors  {Ahb.  &  bm),  Ins.  Ga.  PL  89  {Phalaena) ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  99  {Catocala) 

Grote,  1.  c.  No.  31,  p.  11. 
pouderosa  G.  &  B.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  PL  4,  fig.  2;  C.  nebulosa\  Edw. 

Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  510;  Grote,  1.  c.  No.  32,  p.  11. 
muliercula  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  97 ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  33,  p.  12. 
badla  G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  PL  4,  fig.  1  ;  Grote,  1.  c.  No.  34,  p.  12. 
antinympha  {Huhn.),  Verz.  S.  278,  No.  2731 ;  ]}aranymphaX  Drury,  1,  23,  6; 

affinis  Westw.,  Ed.  Drury ;  melanymplia  Guen.,  Noct.  8,  p.  98;  Walk., 

C.'Q.M.,\2QZ  {Catocala);  Grote,  I.e.,  No.  35,  p.  13;  Strecker,  PL  5,  fig.  7.^^ 

21  For  this  species  Mr.  Strecker  has  copied  a  reference  to  Hiibner's  Exotic  Butterflies  ;  Hiib- 
ner  does  not  illustnile  the  species  to  my  knowledge. 


43 

Serena  Edw.,  Proc  Eut.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  510  ;  Grote,  1.  c,  No.  3G,  p.  13  ;  Streckcr, 

PI.  3,  fig.  11. 
illecta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1205;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.-No.  37,  p.  13. 
Cliiitoui  Qrote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  89,  PI.  3,  flg.  4  ;  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  38, 

p.  13  ;  Strecker,  PI.  5,  fig.  6. 
niiptialis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1206. 
abbrcviatella  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  40,  p.  14. 
Frederici  Orote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  41,  p.  14., 

t  iiiicroiiymplia  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  102  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  42,  p.  15. 
polys^ama  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  105  ;  Grote,  1.  c,  No.  43,  p.  15. 
Amasia  {Abb.  &  8m),  Ins.  Ga.  PI.  90  (upper  fig.)  {PJialaena) ;  Westwood,  Nat. 

Libr.  Exot.  Moths,  205,  PI.  26,  fig.  3  {Catocala) ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No. 

44,  p.  16. 
formula  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  G,  PI.  4,  fig.  5  ;  Amasia  %  Abb.  &  Sm., 

PI.  90,  (lower  fig.) ;  Grote,  1.  c.  No.  45,  p.  16. 
Grynea  {Cramer),  PI.  208,  fig.  H.  {PJialaena);  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1205  {Catocala); 

C.  nuptula  Walk.,  1.  c,  p.  1205  ;  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  p.  16,  No.  47. 
t  eonnubialis  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  105  ;  Grote,  1.  c,  No.  46,  p.  16. 
praeclara  G.  &  B.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  PI.  4,  fig.  4  ;  Grote,  1.  c.  No.  48,  p.  17. 
fratercula  G.  &  B.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  6,  PI.  4,  fig.  3  ;  Grote,  1.  c,  No.  49,  p. 

17  ;  Strecker,  PI.  5,  fig.  8. 
niinuta  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  512  ;  var.  parvula  Edw.,  1.  c,  p.  512  ; 

Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  50,  p.  17. 
gracilis  Edio.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  511 ;  similis  Edw.,  1.  c,  p.  511 ;  Grote, 

Cat.  N.  Am.  No.  51,  p.  17. 
andropliila  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  106 ;  Ephesia  arnica  ||  Hiibn.,  Zutr.,  S.  14,  figs.  57, 

58 ;  Grote,  Cat.  Am.  N.  Am.,  p.  18,  No.  52. 
liueella  Grote,  Cat.  N.  Am.,  No.  53,  p.  18. 

f  mcssalina  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  107 ;  Grote,  Cat.  Am.,  No.  54,  p.  19. 
Canada  to  California  and  Southern  States. 

SPILOLOMA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  ;  Spiloloma  lunilinea  Grote. 

luuiliiica  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  127. 
Virginia,  Kansas. 

HARVEYA,  (?w«e  (1873). 

Type :  Ilarveya  auripennis  Grote. 

auripennis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  126. 
Kentucky,  southward. 


44 

PANOPODA,  Guenee  (1853). 

Type :  Phoberia  rufimargo  H'libn. 
r II li margo  (Eubn.),  Zutr., 45, 46 ;  Panop.  ruhricosta  Quen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  324 ;  Panop. 
roseicosta  Guen.,  Noct.  8,  p.  325  ;  Panop.  Cressonii  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc, 
Phil.  1,  p.  346,  PI.  3,  fig.  4. 
carneicosta  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  325. 
New  York,  southward. 

PLEONECTYPTERA,  Grote  (1872). 

Type  :  Hemeroplania  pyralis  Iluhn. 
pyralis  {Habn),  Zutr.,  127, 128 ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  23. 
geouietralis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  24. 
phalaenalis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  24. 
Southern  States. 

EUTOREUMA,  Grote  (1872). 

Type :  Eutoreuma  tenuis  Grote. 

tenuis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  22. 
Alabama. 

ISOGONA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Isogona  natatris  Guen, 

t  natatrix  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  323. 
Am.  Sept. 

REMIGIA,2  2  (^ttettee  (1852). 

Type :  Remigia  latipes  Guen. 

latipes  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  314. 
t  disseverans  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  1495. 
f  marcida  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  317. 
Canada,  southward. 

ANTIC  AR  SI  A,  Jlubner  (1818). 

Type :  Anticarsia  gemmatalis  Hiihi. 
f  gemmatalis  H/ibn.,  Zutr.  1,  S.  26,  figs.  153, 154  ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  356. 
United  States. 

ANTIBLEMMA,  Emier  (1816). 

Type :  Antiblemma  acclinalis  Hiibn. 
canalis  Grote,  List  (35). 
New  York. 

22  A  recent  study  of  this  {^cuus  leads  me  to  place  it  with  Phurys  and  Celiptera. 


45 

AG  A  SSIZI  A,  i?<?7ir  (1870). 

Type :  Agassizia  urbicola  Bchr. 

f  urbicola  Bchr,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  3,  p.  23. 
California. 

CAPNODES,  Ouenee  (1852). 

Type  :  Capnodes  Irene  Oucn. 

t  californica  Bchr,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  23. 
California. 

EREBUS,  Latreille  (1809). 

Type  :  Noctua  odora  L. 

odora  {Linn)  ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  167. 
Canada  to  Brazil  and  California. 

BENDIS,  nid)ner  (1816). 

Type :  Bendis  irregularis  Hubn. 

tliinna  (Gei/er),  Zutr.,  S.  41,  figs.  971,  973  {Acolasia) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  216. 
Soutliern  States. 

PHEOCYMA,  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type  :  Pheocyma  lunifera  Hiibn. 

Innifera  Hiibn.,  Zutr.,  S.  1,  figs.  97,  98  ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  3,  PI.  15,  fig.  9. 
Southern  States. 

HOMOPTERA,  Boisd.  (1829). 

Type :  Noctua  lunata  Drury. 

lunata  {Drury),  1,  p.  40,  PI.  20,  fig.  3  ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  12. 

Saniidersii  Bethune,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  215. 

ednsa  {Drury),  2,  PI.  24,  fig.  4  ;  Guen.  Noct.  3,  p.  14. 

minerea  Ouen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  15,  PI.  18,  fig.  6. 

calycanthata  {Abb.  &  Sni.),  2, 104  ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  15. 

Obliqua  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  16,  PI.  15,  fig.  7. 

t  albofasciata  Bethune,  Can.  Journ.  8  ( "  Noct.  Lep.  found  in  Can."  p.  10),  July, 

1865. 
f  dnplicata  Bethune,  Can.  Journ.  8  ("  Noct.  Lep.  found  in  Can."  p.  11),  July, 

1865. 
nigricans  Bethune,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  4,  p.  214. 
t  involuta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  1055. 
t  contracta  Wiilk.,  Can.  Nat.  and  Geol.,  5,  258. 


46 

f  lierminioides  Walk.,  Can.  Nat.  and  Geol.,  5,  259. 
t  lineosa  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  1056. 
Canada,  southward  to  Brazil. 

YPSIA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Ypsia  aeruginosa  Ouen. 

aeruginosa  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  17,  PI.  18,  fig.  7. 

undularis  {Drury),  1,  p.  19,  PI.  9,  fig.  4  {Noctua) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  18  ( Ypsia). 
Canada  southward. 

PSEUDANTHRACIA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Anthracia  ^  ^  coraciaa  Guen. 

coracias  {Guen.),  Noct.  3,  p.  19  {Anthracia) ;  ?  squammularis  Drury,  vol.  1,  p.  18, 

PI.  9,  fig.  3. 
fcornix  {Guen.),  Noct.  3,  p.  19,  PI.  15,  fig.  8. 
Canada,  southward. 

ZALE,  Hnbner  (181G). 

Type :  Zale  horrida  Huhner. 

liorrida  Hahn.,  Zutr.,  S.  11,  figs.  31, 32  ;  Horn,  calycanthata  X  Walk,  et  Beth.,  1.  c. 
Canada,  southward. 

CAMPOMETRA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :  Campometra  amella  Guen. 

•f-  amella  Gtien.,  Noct.  3,  p.  25,  PI.  18,  fig.  8. 
Southern  States. 

MATIGRAMMA,  Grote  (1872). 

Type :  Matigramma  pulverilinea  Grote. 

pulverilinea  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  22. 
Alabama  and  Texas. 

ARGILLOPHORA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Argillophora  f urcilla  Grote. 

furcilla  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  124. 
Southern  State  a. 

SPARGALOMA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Spargaloma  sexpunctata  Grote. 

sexpunctata  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  300,  PI.  1,  fig.  90. 
umbrifascia  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  301. 
Massachusetts  to  Southern  States. 

23 This  is  notniibnei-'s  genus  which  is  based  on  ^;/tiart«s (unknown  to  me)  and  uiidulaiis. 


47 

SYLECTRA,  Ilitbner  (181G). 

Type  :  Sylectra  niirandalis  Iliibn. 

eryoata  {Cmmrr),  Ex.  3, 170  (Phalaena),  287  D.;  Ex.  4, 157,  PI.  370  E.;  viiran- 
ilalis  Hiibii.,  Exot.  Saniml.;  Verz.,  3280  ;  Teratocera  ericata  Guen.,  Noct. 
3,  340  ;  Qrote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliil.  2,  p.  441. 
Atlantic  Coast. 

PANGIIAPTA,  Iliibyier  (1816). 

Type  :  Pangrapta  decoralis  Iliibn. 

decoralis  Iliibn.,  Zutr.,  figs.  93,  94  ;  Marmorinia  epionoidcs  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p. 
371 ;  Marm.geometroides  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  371 ;  Ilypena  elegantnlis  Fitch, 
2d  Rep.,  p.  327,  PI.  1,  fig.  2. 
Canada,  southward. 

PHALAENOSTOLA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Phalaenostola  larentioides  Grote. 

larentioides  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  p.  302. 
citima  Grote,  1.  c,  p.  303. 
Canada  to  Virginia. 

Deltoides  Latreille. 

PSEUDAGLOSSA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Epizeuxis  lubricalis  Geyer. 

lubricalis  {Geyer),  Zutr.,  S.  19,  figs.  665,  666  ;  Eelia^^  phaealis  Guen.,  Delt.,  p. 
76  ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  p.  308  ;  I^eptina  surrectalis  Walk., 
Delt.,  pp.  120,  860. 
Canada,  southward,  and  California. 

*  EPIZEUXIS,  nubner  (1816). 

Type :  Pyralis  calvarialis  W.  V. 

americalis  (Guen.),  Delt.,  p.  78  {Ilelia),  PI.  6,  fig.  5  ;  Walk.,  Delt.,  p.  134  {Epi- 
zeuxis); Microphysa?  scriptipennis  Walk.,  Noct.  p.  1765  ;  Grote,  Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  p.  307. 

aemulalis  Iliibn..  Yerz.,  S.  346,  No.  3313  ;  Guen.,  Delt.,  p.  78  {Ilelia);  Grote, 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  p.  307 ;  Walk.,  Delt.,  134;  Microphysa  f  mollifera 
Wallc,  Noct.,  p.  1765. 
Canada,  southward. 

21  nelia  is  pre-occnpied  by  Huiner,  Verzeichiiiss,  S.  259. 


48 

MEGACHYTA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Epizeuxis  lituralis  Hiibn. 
lituralis  {Hahn),  Zutr.,  19,  20;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4, 306 ;  Zeller,  Ver. 

z.-b.  G.,  S.  443  {Zanclognatha). 
deceptricalis  {Zeller),  Verh.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  474. 
Canada,  soutliward.  , 

LITOGNATHA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Litognatha  nubilifascia  Grote. 
nubilifascia  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  85,  PI.  2,  figs.  2,  3. 
litophora  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  86. 
Canada,  southward. 

CHYTOLITA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Herminia  morbidalis  Guen. 
inorbidalis  {Guen.),  Delt.  p.  56,  PI.  6,  fig.  3  {Herminia  moiMllosalis) ;  Grote, 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  96  and  309  ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  39. 
Canada,  southward. 

*  PITIOLITA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Herminia  pedipilalis  Ghien. 

pedipilalis  {Guen.),  Delt.,  p.  57  {Herminia) ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4, 96  ; 
Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  39. 
Canada,  southward. 

*  ZA.NCLOGNATHA,  Led.  (1857). 

Type  :  Paracolas  tarsiplumalis  Hiibn. 

laevigata  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  95  {Herminia) ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Soci.  1,  p.  39  {Zanclognatha). 
ochreipeunis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  98  {Herminia) ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc. 

Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  39  {Zanclognatha). 
criiralis  {Guen.),  Delt.  p.  58  {Herminia) ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p. 

39  {Zanclognatha). 
marcidiliiiea  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  97  and  309  {Herminia)  ;  Bui. 

Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  39  {Zanclognatha). 
obscuripennis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  98  and  309  {Herminia) ;  Bui. 

Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  39  {Zanclognatha). 
t  jacclll^salis(TFi'i?^•.),  C.  B.  M.  Delt.,  p.  104  {Herminia). 
t  protumimsalis  (TFrt^^'.),  1.  c,  p.  104  {Herminia). 
\  cumelusalis  ( TFlrfiA;.),  1.  c,  p.  105  {Herminia). 


49 

tcloniasalis(TFrt/A;.).  1-  c,  p.  105  (Ilerminia). 

f  l)yraiuusalis(]r«^A;.),  1.  c,  p.  lOG  {Herminia);  Ilerm.  gyasalis  Walk.  1.  c.,p. 

85G. 
tphalerosalis  {Walk.),  1.  c,  p.  107  {Ilerminia). 
\  salusalis  ( Walk.),  1.  c,  p.  107  {Ilerminia). 
t  Iieliusalis  {Walk.),  1.  c,  p.  \Q% {Herminia). 
+  clitosalis(]^rt^^•.),  1.  c,  p.  108  {Herminia). 
Canada,  southward. 

CLEPTOailTA,  Orote  (1873). 

Type :  Cleptomita  atrilineella  Grote. 

atrilineella  Orote,  Traus.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  301. 
Texas. 

COPTOCNEMIA,  Zeller  (1872). 

Tj-pe :  Coptocnemia  floccalis  Zeller. 
tfloccalis  Zeller,  Verb.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  476,  Tab.  1,  fig.  10. 
Texas. 

*COLOBOCUILA,  Hubner  (1816). 

Type :  Pyralis  salicalis  W.  V. 

iuterpuucta  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.98  and  309  ;  Col.  saligna  Zeller, 
Verb.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  463 ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  170. 
Soutbern  States. 

PHILOMETRA,  Grote  (1872). 

Type  :  Herminia  longilabris  Grote. 

longilabris  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  99  and  309 ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat. 

Sci.  1,  p.  40. 
serraticornis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  98  and  309  ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc. 
Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  40. 
Canada,  southward. 

SISYRHYPENA,  Grote  (1873). 
Type :  Sisyr.  papillaris  Grote. 
pnpillaris  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  5,  227. 
Texas. 

TETANOLITA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Tetan.  lixalis  Grote. 
lixalis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  p.  306. 
Texas. 

15UL.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (7)  MAT,    18~4. 


50 

PALTHIS,  Euhner  (1816). 

Type :  Paltliis  angulalis  Huhn. 

aiigulalis  Iluhn,  Verz.,  S.  342  ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  107  and  309. 

asopialis  (Guen.),  Delt.,  p.  96  (Clanyma) ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp. 

108  and  309.  '  > 

Canada,  southward. 

PHALAENOPHANA,"  Orote  {\'il2>). 
Type:  Plial.  rurigena  Orotc. 
rnrigena  Orote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  305. 
Canada,  southward. 

HORMISA,  Walker  (1859). 

Type  :  Hormisa  absorptalis  Walk. 
f  absorptalis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Delt.,  p.  74. 
United  States. 

RENIA,  Guenee  (1854). 

Type  ;  Renia  discoloralis  Guen. 

discoloralis  Guen.,  Delt.,  p.  83 ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  24 ;  Hypena 

fallacialis  Walk.,  Delt.,  p.  38. 
brevirostralis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  25,  309,  PI.  1,  figs.  91,  92. 
alutalis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  99,  309. 
plenilinealis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  99,  309. 
larralis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  26,  309. 
centralis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  27,  309. 
restrictalis  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  20,  309,  PI.  1,  fig.  94. 

Belfragei  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  27, 304, 309,  PI.  1,  fig.  95 ;  Benia  pastoralis  Grote,  1.  c. 
Canada,  southward. 

BLEPTINA,  Guenie  (1854). 

Type :  Bleptina  caradrinalis  Guen. 

caradrinalis  Guen,  Delt.,  p.  G7 ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  93. 
inferior  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  94. 
Canada,  southward. 

*  RIVULA,  Guenee  (1844). 

Type  :  Pyralis  sericealis  W.  V. 

propinqualis  Guen.,  Delt.,  p.  49. 
Canada,  southward. 

25  This  genus  has  ocelli,  as  I  have  observed  since  originally  describing  it.  None  of  our 
American  species  of  Noctiiidue  except  Feralia  jocosa  appear  to  have  the  ocelli  wanting.  In  the 
European  genera  Tholomiges,  Ilijpenodes  and  Orectis,  they  are  said  to  be  absent. 


51 

*  BOMOLOCIIA,  Uubncr  (1810). 

Type:  Pyralis  crassalis  Fabr. 

Scutellaris  Orote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  p.  225. 

baltiiiioralis  {Ouen.),  Delt.  p.  34  {Ilypena);  Qrote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp. 

102,  309  ;  Ilypena  laciniosa  Zeller,  Verli.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  464,  Tab.  2,  fig.  8 ; 

Ilypcna  henignalis  Walk.,  Delt.,  p.  32. 
t  albisiariitilis  {Zeller),  Verb.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  463  (Ilypoia). 
abalicnalis  (Walk.),  Delt.,  p.  31  {Rypena);  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp. 

102,  309. 
biju^alis  ( Walk),  Delt.  p.  52  {Ilypena) ;  Qrote,  Trana.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  103 

and  309,  PI.  1,  fig.  93  ;  Uypena  pallialis  Zell.,  Ver.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  466,  Tab.  2, 

fig.  9. 
maualis  {Walk.),  Delt.,  p.  33  {Ilypena);  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  103 

and  309. 
achatinalis  {Zeller),  Verb.  z.-b.  G.,  S.  22,  Tab.  2,  fig.  7  {Rypena) ;  Hypena 

madefactalis  Qrote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  103  and  309;  f  Ilypena 

madefactalis  Guen.,  Delt.  p.  35. 

Canada,  southward. 

EUHYPENA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Hypena  internalis  ||  Robinson. 

toi'Ciita  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  24  and  310 ;  Ilypena  internalis  || 

Rob.,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  9,  311. 
sordidula  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  103  and  310. 
Canada,  southward. 

MACRHYPENA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Hypena  deceptalis  Walk. 

deceptalis  {Walk.),  Delt.,  p.  30  {Hypena) ;  Grote,  1.  c,  pp.  104  and  310. 
profecta  Orote,  1.  c,  4,  pp.  104  and  310;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  38. 
Canada,  southward. 

LOMANALTES,  Grote  (1873). 

Type :  Lomanaltes  laetulus  Grote. 
laetulus  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  14,  PI.  1,  figs.  12,  13. 
Canada  to  Pennsylvania. 


52 


*MEGHYPENA,2fi  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Megliypena  velifera  Grote. 

velifera  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  87,  PI.  2,  %.  7. 
lentiginosa  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  87. 
New  York. 

*HYPENA,  Sclirank  {ISOD. 

Type  :  Pyralis  rostralis  Linn. 

ealiforiiica  BeJir,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  33. 

olivacea  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  5,  p.  226. 

evanidalis  Robinson,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.,  9,  p.  311 ;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 

4,  pp.  101  and  309,  PI.  1,  fig.  87. 
hiimuli  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.  p.  477;  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  101 ; 

Ilypena  germajialis  Walk.,  Delt.,  p.  35.  ? 
citata  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  101. 
t  edictalis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Delt.,  p.  28. 
+  damnosalis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Delt.,  p.  29. 
t  caducalis  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Delt.,  p.  35. 
Canada,  southward,  and  California. 

PLATYHYPENA,  Grote  (1873). 

Type  :  Hyblaea  scabra  Fahr. 

scabra  (Fdbr.),  Syst.  Supp.  4  {HyUaea)  ;  Crarnbus  crassatus  Haw.,  366  ;  Ilypena 
obesalis  Steph.,  4,  11 ;  Ilypena  erectalis  Guen.  (?)  Delt.,  40  ;  Lintn.,  Can. 
Ent.  5,  p.  81 ;  var.  subrufalis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  p.  102. 
Canada,  southward. 

HETEROGRAMMA,  Guente  (1854). 

Type :  Heterogramma  circumflexalis  Guen. 

indiYisalis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  106  and  308. 
Canada,  southward. 

TORTRICODES,  Gueme  (1854). 

Type :  Tortricodes  pterophoralis  Guen. 

l)illdalis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  105  and  310. 
Canada,  southward. 

28  To  this  scnus  belongs  the  European  M.  proboscidalis. 


NOCTUO-niALAENIDI,  Bdsd.  (l^ili). 

j  Phalaenoidi  Gueme  1841.    ) 
I  Brepbides,  Uerr.-Sch.  1845. ) 

*BRErnOS,  Uuhner  (Tentamen).^' 

Type  :  Plialaena  parthenias  Linn. 

iufans  MoscM.,  W.  E.  M.  6,  S.  134,  Taf.  1,  fig.  6;  Br ephos  parthenias  X'^^oscM., 
W.  E.  M.  4,S.  371 ;  BrepJios  hamadryas  Harr.,  Scudd.  Ent.  Cor.,  p.  174, 
PI.  1,  fig.  4. 

fcaliforiiicus  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  T.  12,  p.  88. 

tmclauis  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  T.  12,  p.  88. 
Labrador  to  Eastern  States,  and  California. 

LEUCOBREPHOS,  Orote  (1874). 

Type  :  Anarta  brepboides  Walk. 

brephoides  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.  p.  702  {Anarta);  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pbil. 
3,  p.  74;  Archiearis  resokita  Zeller,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  24  Jabr.,  S.  136,  Taf, 
2,  fig.  1. 
Hudson's  Bay  Territory. 


Note  1.  Wbile  tbis  List  was  passing  tbrougb  tbe  press,  Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison 
kindly  sent  me  a  specimen  of  an  iindescribed  species  allied  to  Actinotia. 
On  re-examining  my  types  in  tbis  latter  genus  I  find  tbat  two  of  tbe  species 
agree  structurally  with  Mr.  Morrison's  new  species,  and  tbat  tbey  differ  from 
Ac.  ramosula  and  tbe  tbree  European  species  of  tbe  genus,  by  tbe  bairy  eyes. 
I  dedicate  tbe  new  genus  to  its  discoverer  : 

3I0IIRIS0NIA,  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Cloantba  evicta  Grote. 

evicta  Grote;  Actinotia  evicta  Grote,  List,  p.  16. 
YOinerina  Grote;  Actinotia  vomenna  Grote,  List,  p.  16. 
Tbe  position  of  tbe  genus  will  be  after  Actinotia. 

Note  2.  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley  bas  kindly  sent  me  specimens  determined  as 
Agrotis  Cocbrani;  tbey  belong  to  Agrotis  repentis ;  tbe  latter  name  is  tbe 
more  recent. 


27  This  use  of  this  generic  term  is  the  earliest  I  find,  and  ante-dates  A7-ckieari$. 


54 

Note  3. — In  investigating  the  synonomy  of  the  genus  Apamea,  I  find  that 
under  its  restriction  by  Lederer  it  contains  one  of  the  original  species  :  testacea. 
This  might  be  considered  as  the  type  of  the  genus.  But  testacea  is  also  in- 
cluded by  Boisduval,  in  1829,  in  his  genus  Luperina,  which  must  be  regarded 
as  a  disintegration  of  Apamea,  although  its  distinguished  author  seems  to  re- 
gard it  as  synonymous.  Whether  the  terms  Luperina  or  Apamea  prevail  for 
Apamea  Led.,  a  new  name  is  necessary  for  Luperina  Led.,  which  contains  none 
of  Boisduval's  original  species  of  Luperina.  For  this  genus  I  propose  the 
name  Ledereria  {Luperina  Led.,  non  Boisd.)  Aa  yet  I  know  no  American 
species  of  Apamea  (in  sensu  Led.)  or  Ledereria  {Luperina  in  sensu  Led.). 


CORRECTIONS : 

Page  2,  foot  note,  for  "  Sco."  read  "  Soc." 
"      4.  line  36,  dele  "  H." 

"  15,  line  13,  for  "  Walk."  read  "  ( Walk.) " 

"  15,  line  15,  for  "  Walk."  read  "  ( Walk.) " 

"  23,  line  7,  for  "  0th  "  read  "  Orthos." 

"  29,  after  line  5  insert  "  Canada,  southward." 

"  31,  line  33,  for  "  algioda  "  read  "  algida" 

"  35,  line  12,  for  "  dipsaci "  read  "  dipsacea  " 

"  38,  line  13,  for  *<  coerulea  "  read  *'  caerulea  " 

"  39,  line   5,  for  "  flavistiaris  "  read  ''  flavistriaria  " 

"  40,  line    3,  for  "Melipotes  "  read  "Melipotis  " 


55 


INDEX  TO  GENERA. 


Page. 

Ablepliaron, 21 

Abrostola, 30 

Acliatodes, 30 

Acolasia, 45 

Acontid, 36 

Acronycta, 7 

Actinotia, 16 

Adipsophanes, 28 

Adita, 12 

Adinetovia 19 

Aedia, 40 

Agassizia 45 

Agnomonia, 38 

Agrapha, 30 

Agrophila, 37 

Agrotis, 9 

Alaria, 33 

Aletia, 24 

Allotria, 40 

Ammoconia, 12 

Anarta, 31 

Annaplaila 35 

Anomis, 23 

Antiblemma, 44 

Anticarsia, 44 

Auytus 27 

Apamea, 15,  54 

Apatela, 7 

Aplecta, 12 

Archiearis, 53 

Argillopliora,    46 

Arzama,   19 

Aspila, 33 

Atethmia, 24 

Auchmk,  12 


Page. 

Aiitographa,   31 

Axenus, 35 

Bankxa, 37 

Basilodes 29 

Bendis, 45 

Bleptina, 50 

Bolina,   40 

Bombycia 5 

Boraolocha,   51 

Brepboa 53 

Brotolomia, 18 

Bryopbila, 8 

Callopistria, 17 

Calocampa, 27 

Calpe, 29 

Calymnia, 24 

Campometra, 46 

Capnodes, 45 

Caradrina,   22 

Catocala 41 

Gelaenn, 16 

Celiptera, 39 

Ceramica, 23 

Cerastis,  26 

Cbamyris, 37 

Cbaradra 6 

Chariptera, 14 

Cbloridea, 33 

Cboephora 25 

Chytolita, 48 

Cbytonix, 14 

Cirrhoedia, 24 

Cirrboplianus, 19 

Cissusa, 38 

Cleoceris, 25 


56 


Page. 

Cleptomita, .    49 

Cloantha,   16 

Colobocliila, 49 

Conservula, 17 

UopipanoUs, 14 

Coptocnemia, 49 

Cosmia, 24 

Crambodes, 28 

Crymodes, 15 

Cucullia, 28 

Cymatophora,  5 

Derrima, 33 

Deva, 30 

Dianthoecia,   13 

DicTiagramma,  26 

Dicopis, 6 

DipJitera, 6 

Dipterygia 16 

Doryodes, 20 

Drasteria, 38 

Dyachrisia 30 

Dyops, 30 

Emmelia, 37 

Epizeuxis, 47 

Erastria, 37 

Erebus, 45 

Eriopus, 17 

Erotyla, 37 

Euclidia, C8 

Eucoptocnemis, 13 

Euhypena, 51 

Eulepidotis, 24 

Euleucyptera, 34 

Eunetis, 42 

Euplexia, 17 

Eupsephopaectes, 17 

Eurois,   , 12 

Eustrotia, 37 

Eutelia, 38 

Euthisanotia, 20 

Eutoreuma, 44 

Feralia, G 

f'lilgnla, 36 


Page. 

Glaea, 26 

Gortyna, 18 

OrammopJiora, 9 

OrapMpliora, 11 

Habrosyne, 5 

Hadena,   14 

Hapalia, 13 

Harrisimemna, 6 

Harveya, 43 

Hecatera 13 

Heliocliilus 35 

Heliolouche,   34 

Heliopliila, 21 

HeliopJiohus , 13 

Heliotliis, 35 

Helotroplia, 18 

Hemiceras 29 

Heterogramma,  ...    52 

Herminia, 48 

Homobadena,   14 

Homoptera, 45 

Hormisa, 50 

Hydroecia, 18 

Hypena,   52 

Hypogramma, 40 

Hypsoropha, 29 

Hyppa, 16 

Ingura, 29 

Ipimorpba, 24 

Isogona,   44 

Jaspidea, 8 

Jodia, 25 

Lacinia, 5 

Lamprosia,  42 

Lamprosticta, 14 

Lapbygma, 22 

Ledereria, 54 

Lepidomys,   37 

Lepipolys,   32 

Leptina,   5 

Leptosia, 36 

Leucania, 21 

Leucobrcpbos, 53 


57 


Page. 

Litliacodia, 8 

Lithopliaiip, 2G 

Litognatha, 48 

Litomiius, 39 

Litoprosopus,   'SO 

Lomanaltes, 51 

Luperina 18,  54 

Lygrantlioecia, 33 

Lyssia, 39 

Macrhypeua, 51 

Macronoctua, 19 

Mamestra,   12 

Marasmalus, 38 

Marmorinia, 47 

Matigramma, 46 

Megacbyta, 48 

Megliypena, 52 

Melaporphyria, 33 

Melicleptria, 34 

Melipotis, 40 

Metoponia, 37 

Miana, 16,  37 

Microcoelia, 9 

Miselia,  . 15 

Moma, 7 

Mouodes,   22 

Monogonn, 29 

Morrisonia, 53 

Mytliimna, 24 

MytMmna, 21 

Naenia, 18 

Nephelodes, 18 

Noctua, 9,  10,11 

Nonagria, 19 

Ochria 19 

Ofjygia, 10 

Ommatostola,   20 

Oncocnemis, 13 

Ophiusa, 39 

Oraesia, ...   29 

Oria, 33 

Ortliodes, 23 

Ortliosia, 25 

Paclinobia, 23 

nri,.  BFP.  eoc.  nat.  sci. 


Page. 

Pachypolia, 14 

Paltlus, 50 

Paugrapta, 47 

Panopoda, 44 

Panula, 39 

Parallelia, 38 

Parthenos, 41 

Perigea,   16 

Plialaenopliana,   50 

Plialaenostola, 47 

Plieocyma, 45 

P7iilochry.m, 20 

Philometra, 49 

Philomma, 33 

Phlogophora, 17 

Phoberia, 39 

PJiospJiila, 15 

Phurys, 39 

Phyprosopus, 29 

Pityolita,   48 

Poapbila, 38 

Placodes, 30 

Plagiomimicus, 32 

Ptatysenta, 20 

Pleonectopoda, 11 

Pleonectyptera, 44 

Plusia, 30 

Plusiodonta, 23 

Polia, 14 

Polygrammate, 9 

Prodeuia, 17 

Pseudaglossa, 47 

Pseudantbracia, 40 

Pseudotbyatira 5 

Pteraetbolix, 23 

Pyropbila, 22 

Pyrrbia, 35 

Kapbia, 6 

Remigia, 44 

Renia, 50 

Rbodopbora, 33 

Ripogenus, 50 

Saligena, 6 

Scbinia, 32 

(S)  MAY,   1874. 


58 


Page. 

Scolecocampa, 20 

Scoliopteryx, 26 

Scopelosoina, 26 

Senta, 20 

Septis, 28 

Sisyrliypena, 49 

Spargaloma,    ...  46 

Spiloloma, 43 

Stibadium, 32 

Stictoptera, 39 

Stiria,   32 

Sudariophora, 29 

Sylectra, 47 

Sympistis, 32 

Syueda, 40 

Taeuiocampa, 23 

Tamila, 85 

Taraclie, 36 

Telesilla,   30 


Page. 

Teratocera, 47 

Tetanolita, 49 

Thalpocliares, 36 

Tortricodes, 52 

Tricopis, 34 

Trigonopliora, 17 

Ufeus, 21 

ValerilJ, 14 

Xanthia, 25 

Xestia 25 

Xantlioptera, 36 

Xylina, 26,  27 

Xylomiges, 27 

Xylopliasia, 15, 16 

Ypsia, 45 

Zale, 46 

Zanclognatlia, 48 

Zosteropoda, 22 

Zotheca,   23 


DESCRIPTIONS. 


Feralia,  n.  g. 

Tlie  eyes  are  small,  naked,  witli  laelies.  The  genus  thus  differs  at  once 
from  the  European  Dipthera  (ludifica),  in  which  the  eyes  are  hairy.  The  palpi 
are  very  short,  not  long  as  in  Moma.  The  male  antennae  are  shortly  pectinate 
throughout  their  length.  The  thorax  has  a  central  crest.  The  species  are 
green  colored,  and,  though  smaller,  in  appearance  resemble  the  European 
Dichonia  aprilina,  from  which  they  differ  structually  by  the  absence  of  the 
enlargement  of  the  fore  tibiae.  In  the  typical  species,  jocosa,  after  a  careful 
examination,  I  cannot  find  ocelli.  The  body  is  shaggily  haired,  and  the  habitus 
recalls  Harrisimemna. 


(1.)    Feralia  jocosa  (Guen.). 

$  . — The  eyes  are  smaller  than  in  the  succeeding  species  and  I  do  not  find 
ocelli.  The  antennae  are  shortly  pectinate,  the  vestiture  shaggy,  the  head 
sunken  in  the.  prothorax,  the  palpi  very  short.  Bright,  somewhat  bluish 
green  ;  primaries  with  the  transverse  lines  double,  black,  with  white  centers, 
waved,  dentate  or  irregular,  in  general  appearance  as  in  B.  aprilina.    Reni- 


59 

form  concolorous,  very  large,  with  black  and  white  annuli ;  orbicular  also 
concolorous  and  well  sized  and  beneath  this  the  large  claviform  may  be  told 
by  its  marginal  lines  wliieh  are  similar  to  those  of  the  other  spots.  No  sub- 
terminal  line ;  this  line  being  merely  indicated  by  a  black  blotch  at  internal 
angle  and  a  similar  mark  on  costa.  A  row  of  small  terminal  interspaceal 
black  and  white  dots,  opposite  to  which  the  fringes  are  broadly  black-checked. 
Hind  wings  blackish,  concolorous ;  beneath  paler,  whitish,  soiled  with  blackish, 
with  distinct  black  discal  mark  and  exterior  band,  and  a  strongly  marked 
terminal  line.  On  the  blackish  primaries  the  terminal  space  is  light  green. 
Antennae  testaceous  ;  head  and  thorax  like  primaries,  marked  with  black. 
Sides  of  the  face  and  palpi  laterally  with  black  hairs.  Feet  dotted  black  and 
white. 

Expanse,  37  m.  m.    Ithaca,  Mr.  J.  H.  Comstock,  No.  412. 

In  this  species  the  costa  is  iminterruptedly  marked  with  black 
and  white  from  the  inception  of  the  t.  a.  line  to  apex.  The  space 
between  the  discal  spots  is  slightly  powdered  with  black  scales,  a 
character  that  may  be  variable. 

(2.)    Feralia  Comstocki,  Orote. 

f,  . — The  eyes  are  relatively  a  little  larger  than  in  jocosa,  and  the  ocelli  are 
visible.  The  antennae  are  as  in  jocosa,  while  the  body  is  less  pilose.  The 
whole  insect  resembles  Moma  fallax  quite  closely,  but  may  be  separated  by 
the  short  labial  palpi,  and  the  pectinate  antennae.  Rather  light  bright  green 
with  the  spots  indistinctly  margined,  large.  Between  the  ordinary  spots  the 
cell  is  black.  The  t.  a.  line  and  basal  line  are  black  and  white,  incomplete, 
subcontinuous.  The  space  beyond  the  reniform  and  inferiorly  on  the  median 
space  to  the  submedian  fold  is  black.  The  t.  p.  line  is  indicated  by  black 
shades  which  commence  on  costa  near  the  apex,  narrowing  the  pale  green 
terminal  space  which  wants  the  usual  terminal  dots.  Hind  wings  pale  green, 
soiled  with  fuscous,  with  a  vague  band  and  discal  spot.  Beneath  both  wings 
pale  green,  the  markings  vague,  powdery,  reflecting  the  markings  of  the 
upper  surface. 

Expanse,  34  m.  m.     Mr.  J.  H.  Comstock,  Itjiaca,  N.  Y.,  No.  2. 

In  my  specimen  the  fringes  are  defective  so  that  I  cannot  describe 
them.  This  species  resembles  Moma  fallax,  at  first  sight  very  closely, 
the  t.  a.  and  basal  lines  on  the  primaries  are  linear  and  subcontin- 
uous, and  the  ordinary  spots  more  clearly  marked.  It  is  generically 
distinct  by  the  very  short  palpi  and  the  pectinate  antennae.  It  is 
not  improbable  that  it  is  Guenee's  var.  A  of  jocosa',  and  if  so 
the  specimen  which  I  examined  in  the  British  Museum  in  1SG8, 
and  which  is  probably  the  type  of  Guenee's  var.  A,  belongs  to  F. 


60 

C'omstocki.  I  thought  this  specimen  to  be  a  variety  of  Moma  fallax, 
but  at  that  time  I  was  unprepared  to  recognize  a  species  closely 
resembling  M.  fallax,  but  diflfering  structurally  by  the  shorter  palpi. 
From  F.  jocosa,  the  new  species  differs  by  the  somewhat  larger  more 
prominent  eyes,  broader  head,  and  thinner  and  shorter  vestiture,  as 
well  as  by  the  differences  in  ornamentation,  which  are  very  obvious. 
The  vestiture  is  not  so  shaggy,  and  the  head  rather  more  prominent. 
The  costal  region  is  not  black  and  white  marked,  as  it  is  in  F.  jocosa, 
and  the  orbicular  is  relatively  smaller,  while  the  hind  wings  differ 
greatly  in  appearance.  All  these  characters  appear  to  fall  in  with 
what  Guenee  says  of  his  variety  of  jocosa,  which  seemed  to  him  to 
have  the  air  of  a  distinct  species.  The  differences  which  separate 
the  two  forms  are,  however,  probably  of  sufficient  imi^ortance  to 
warrant  separate  generic  designations. 

(3.)    Feralia  februalis,  Grote. 

S  . — A  beautiful  species  of  tlie  size  of  F.  jocosa,  but  more  nearly  resembling 
the  European  Dichonia  aprilina,  from  the  stouter  thorax  and  more  fusiform 
abdomen.  Ornamentation  of  the  primaries  like  F.  jocosa.  Bright  apple 
green.  The  median  transverse  lines  black,  lunulated,  with  white  edging. 
Ordinary  spots  large,  coucolorous,  not  completely  defined,  with  white  and 
black  edging  like  the  lines.  Median  shade  black,  narrow,  dentate,  not  as 
obvious  as  in  D.  aprilina,  and  the  Californian  species  wants  the  longitudinal 
black  dash  on  submedian  fold.  The  true  subterminal  line  is  very  faint,  white, 
irregular,  not  as  in  D.  aimlina,  with  black  marks,  but  with  black  sinuate 
streaks  on  costa,  and  on  internal  margin.  A  distinct,  lobed,  anteterminal  white 
Bhade  band,  which  is  removed  from  the  margin,  and  looks  as  if  it  were  the 
subterminal  line  itself,  followed  by  the  green  ground  color ;  in  aprilina  this 
lobing  is  greenish,  and  the  narrow  terminal  edge  of  the  wing  black  between 
the  lobes.  The  presence  of  these  white  lines  or  bands  between  the  t.  p.  line 
and  the  terminal  edge  of  the  wing  distinguishes  the  Californian  species  from 
F.  jocosa.  Fringes  distinctly  chequered,  black  and  white.  Hind  wings  pale 
whitish  green  with  concolorous  fringes,  and  two  faint  transverse  lines  hardly 
more  than  reflected  from  beneath  where  they  are  distinct  and  divaricate,  and 
where  there  is  a  distinct  discal  mark.  Fore  wings  beneath  whitish  green 
with  distinct  black  costal  marks,  those  opposite  the  inception  of  the  subter- 
minal most  distinct.  Thorax  bright  green  with  black  marks.  Abdomen 
somewhat  fuscous,  with  very  slight  tufts,  anal  hairs  green.  Not  improbably 
to  be  generically  separated  from  F.  jocosa  ;  the  $  is  not  known  to  me,  and  the 
species  seems  to  agree  in  many  characters  with  F.  jocosa,  while  differing  from 
Dichonia  by  the  not  swollen  fore  tibiae,  more  hairy  vestiture  and  shorter  palpi. 

Ex2)anse,  35  m.  m.  Sanzalito,  February  12,  Mr.  Behrens.  Col- 
lection of  this  Society. 


61 

(4.)    Agrotis  phyllophora,  Orote. 

$  . — A  large  handsome  lilac-rosy  colored  species.  All  the  tibiae  spinose. 
Antennae  impectinate,  brush-like,  with  a  single  stouter  ray  on  each  side  of 
eacli  joint.  A.phylloj)horn  has  a  slight  resemblance  to  A,  subrosea,  but  belongs, 
from  the  $  antennal  structure,  to  a  different  section  of  the  genus.  Fore  wings 
purple  red.  All  the  lines  widely  geminate,  of  a  darker  red,  tolerably  distinct 
and  sub-continuous.  Basal  half  line  distinct,  with  the  nearly  perpendicular 
wavy  t.  a.  line  widely  geminate.  No  claviform  spot.  Orbicular  and  reniform 
concolorous,  vaguely  outlined,  paler  against  the  more  deeply  red  shading  of 
the  discal  cell.  The  slightly  extended  t.  p.  line  is  followed  by  blackish  and  pale 
points  on  the  more  deeply  red  tinted  subterminal  space.  The  irregular  subter- 
minal  line  appears  by  contrast  between  the  latter  and  the  paler  terminal  space, 
which  is  concolorous  with  the  rest  of  the  wing.  Hind  wings  fuscous  without 
bands  or  marks;  fringes  yellowish.  Abdomen  fuscous  with  yellowish  anal 
hairs  ;  thorax  and  head  like  fore  wings  ;  head  above  and  palpi  more  brownish 
red  ;  terminal  palpal  joint,  front  and  thorax  paler.  Beneath  the  paler  red- 
dusted  hind  wings  show  a  vague  dark  fuscous  median  line  accented  on  the 
veins.  From  triangulum  and  allies  this  species  is  at  once  separated  by  the 
armed  fore  tibiae. 

Expanse,  40  to  42  m.  m.     Two  specimens,  New  York,  Canada. 

(5.)    Agrotis  fonualis,  Orote. 

i  . — An  exceedingly  dark  and  beautiful  species,  with  silky  squamation  and 
semewhat  flattened  form,  and  allied  to  our  eastern  A.  collaris  and  A.geniculata. 
Middle  and  hind  tibiae  alone  spinose.  Dark  intense  blackish  brown.  The  col- 
lar has  a  narrow  central  pure  white  line,  aJ)0V6  which  the  prothoracic  pieces 
are  velvety  black.  Primaries  with  the  costal  edge  broadly  dark  ashen  to  the 
inception  of  the  t.  p.  line,  absorbing  the  superior  portion  of  the  orbicular  spot. 
Reniform  grey,  like  the  costal  edge,  moderate,  with  faint  dark  internal  ring. 
Ordinary  lines  geminate,  fine,  not  very  distinct  or  complete,  black.  The  t.  a. 
line  waved,  nearly  perpendicular.  The  basal  half-line  visible  on  the  gray 
costal  edge.  The  t.  p.  line  roundedly  but  not  greatly  exserted  opposite  the 
cell,  followed  by  minute  black  and  white  points  on  the  subterminal  space. 
Median  space  with  a  more  ruddy  brown  tinge  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  and 
like  the  thorax  and  tegulae.  The  faintly-  pale  subterminal  line  is  shaded  with 
brown  and  the  dark  fringes  are  brown  at  base  and  show  a  faint  interior  line. 
Hind  wings  blackish  without  marks,  with  white-tipped  fuscous  fringes  that 
show  a  broad  interior  line.  Abdomen  blackish.  Beneath  the  wings  are  a 
little  paler,  irrorate,  with  a,  rather  distinct  blackish  common  line  and  black  dis- 
cal mark  on  the  hind  wings. 

Expanse,  35  m.  ni.  One  fresh  specimen,  Mr.  Bchrens,  California. 
Coll.  of  this  Sociel  V. 


62 

(6.)    Agrotis  Wilsoni,  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  S.  1  p.  135,  PI.  4,  fig.  3  (Nos.  13 
and  24,  Mr.  Behreus,  California). 

I  have  now  received  a  series  of  tliis  fine  species  Avhich  is  subject 
to  considerable  variation.  My  original  description  and  figure  illus- 
trate the  form  in  which  the  costal  region  and  subterminal  space  are 
not  difierentiated  by  a  paler  color.  The  more  usual  form  resembles 
sexatilis  or  suhgothica,  on  account  of  the  paler  coloration  of  the 
costal  region  of  primaries. 

i  $. — Eyes  naked;  all  the  tibiae  spinose.  ^  Antennae  brush-like,  in  the 
?  the  antennae  are  pubescent  beneath  with  single  longer  setae  on  the  joints. 
Size  rather  stout,  color  olivaceous.  Fore  wings  with  the  basal,  median  and 
terminal  spaces  deep  olivaceous,  varying  in  depth  of  color,  darkest  when  the 
costal  region  and  subterminal  space  are  palest.  T.  a.  line  usually  distinct,  twice 
bent,  pale  centered,  obsoletely  geminate.  Claviform  concolorous,  rather  large, 
sometimes  indistinct.  On  the  median  space  the  ordinary  spots  are  blackish, 
more  or  less  covered  with  pale  scales,  with  a  distinct  inner  pale  annulet  lining 
the  external  dark  defining  lines,  which  latter  are  sometimes  inconspicuous ; 
reniform  upright,  attenuate ;  orbicular  oblique,  spherical  or  oblong.  Costal 
region  and  subterminal  space  varying  in  tint ;  sometimes  violently  contrasting 
by  their  pallor,  again  with  the  rest  of  the  wing  olivaceous ;  intermediate 
specimens  have  the  costal  region  of  the  wing  obscure  grayish.  In  some  speci- 
mens there  are  ferruginous  tints  about  the  base  of  the  wing  and  again  before 
the  inception  of  the  subterminal  line ;  such  specimens  are  the  darker  and 
more  concolorous.  Hind  wings  with  a  very  distinct  comma  mark,  fuscous 
above  in  ?  ,  paler  at  base  in  ^  ,  in  both  sexes  pale  beneath  with  the  discal 
mark  black  and  attenuate  inferiorly  ;  fringes  white.  The  fore  wings  have  the 
fringes  darker  with  an  incomplete  interior  line.  Thorax  olivaceous ;  collar 
paler  at  base ;  palpi  pale  with  the  second  joint  marked  with  blackish  out- 
wardly. 

Average  expanse,  38  m.  m. 

This  species  may  always  be  distinguished  by  its  distinct  olivaceous 
and  ochery  colors.  It  is  very  much  larger  than  A. pitychrous  and 
the  Colorado  species  described  by  me  which  are  nearest  to  it  in  this 
respect.     Coll.  of  this  Society. 

(7.)    Agrotis  specialis,  Grote. 

$. — Antennae  with  tufts  of  bristles  on  the  joints.  Eyes  naked;  all  the 
tibiae  spinose.  Bright  reddish  brown.  Fore  wings  bright  reddish  brown  with 
the  median  space  darker,  the  narrrw  uneven  terminal  field  blackish.  Clavi- 
form outlined  as  in  A.  Wilsoni,  and  the  median  lines  much  as  in  that  species. 
Ordinary  spots  contrasting,  pale,  powdery  over  a  dark  ground,  of  the  usual 


63 

shape.  Terminal  dots  distinct ;  fringes  dark.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous,  hardly 
paler  basally,  with  white  faintly  lined  fringes.  Beneath  very  pale,  nearly 
white ;  hiud  wings  with  slight  discal  mark  and  powdered  on  the  costal  region 
with  dark  scales.  Fore  Avings  darker  with  dark  fringes  and  terminal  dots  dis- 
tinct.    Thorax  and  head  above  vinous  brown  ;  abdomen  pale  fuscous. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m. 

One  bred  specimen,  Mr.  Belirens.  Allied  to  A.  Wilsoni,  but 
readily  distinguished  by  its  deep  and  rich  red  brown  color  and  the 
difference  in  antennal  structure.     California.     Coll.  of  this  Society. 

Adita^  n.  g. 

The  head  is  prominent,  eyes  large,  naked,  with  lashes.  Antennae  long,  in 
the  t  strongly  bipectinate  to  the  tips.  All  the  tibiae  are  spinose  ;  in  addition 
the  fore  tibiae  are  provided  with  a  stout  claw  as  in  Oncocnemis.  Collar 
slightly  elevated  in  front ;  thorax  crested  behind.  Abdomen  untufted,  exceed- 
ing the  hind  wings.  Fore  wings  broad,  retreating  at  internal  angles.  The 
moth  is  rather  stout  and  well  sized,  and  in  its  strong  structural  characters 
seem  to  fall  in  between  Agrotis  and  Mamestra. 

Since  Abbot  illustrated  the  species  in  1797,  it  has  remained  un- 
noticed by  any  author  to  my  knowledge.  The  male  is  now  for  the 
first  time  described. 


(8.)    Adita  Chionanthi  {Ahb.  &  Sm.). 

$  . — Blackish  gray,  the  costal  region,  ordinary  spots  and  terminal  space 
shaded  with  whitish  gray.  Basal  half-line,  black,  distinct,  erect.  Median  lines 
black,  approximate,  narrowing  the  median  space  below  the  median  vein. 
Claviform  black  margined,  small.  T.  a.  line  even,  a  little  irregular  at  costa, 
slightly  arcuate.  Orbicular  moderate,  black  ringed,  rounded,  whitish  with  a 
dark  central  stain.  Median  shade  blackish,  rivulous.  T.  p.  line  exserted  over 
the  nervules,  skirting  the  large  reniform  inferiorly  and  running  inwardly  from 
vein  4.  The  line  is  very  inconspicuously  lunulate,  nearly  even.  Subtermi- 
nal  shade  line  ragged,  indicated  by  the  differences  in  color  between  the  sub- 
terminal  and  terminal  spaces.  A  strong  decided  black  dash  on  the  interspace 
between  veins  2  and  3,  crossing  the  s.  t.  line.  Fringes  fuscous,  obsoletely 
interrupted  with  whitish  ;  a  narrow  black  terminal  line.  Hind  wings  pellucid 
whitish,  soiled  with  fuscous  and  with  an  indistinct  medjan  line;  fringes 
whitish.     Thorax  like  wings  ;  collar  with  a  black  line. 

Exjmnse,  42  m.  m.     Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  J.  11.  Comstock,  No.  30. 


64 

(9.)    Mamestra  puerilisj  Orote. 

S  S  . — Size  small.  Eyes  liairy.  Tibiae  all  unarmed.  Thorax  and  abdomen, 
indistinctly  tufted.  Labial  palpi  rather  prominent.  Color  of  Mamestra  lorea, 
varying  from  bright  to  dusky  ochreous  ;  some  specimens  are  quite  dusky  with 
blackish  hind  wings.  On  the  primaries  the  lines  are  narrow,  faint  and  nearly 
perpendicular ;  the  t.  a.  line  waved  outwardly  four  times  ;  the  t.  p.  line  marked 
with  fine  black  points  on  the  veins,  not  roundedly  exserted  opposite  the  cell, 
but  running  here  parallel  with  the  erect  and  distinct  subterrainal  line.  Median 
shade  angulated,  variably  apparent.  Reniform  either  white  or  reddish,  and 
this  independent  of  the  general  tone  of  the  wing,  so  that  a  resemblance  to 
Eydroecia  nictitans,  becomes  noticeable ;  when  white  with  an  included  inferior 
black  stain  or  dot.  Orbicular  minute,  black  ringed  with  white  center,  or 
inconspicuous  in  those  specimens  with  reddish  reniform;  fringes  darker  than 
the  wing ;  terminal  line  more  or  less  continuous.  Hind  wings  blackish  with 
the  costal  regions  and  fringes  ochreous  in  the  more  reddish  specimens.  Be- 
neath with  distinct  double  exterior  lines  on  the  fore  wings  ;  secondaries  with 
broad  blackish  median  band  and  discal  mark.  The  oviduct  is  not  apparent 
beyond  the  abdominal  tip. 

Expanse,  27  m.  m.  A  number  of  specimens  from  Mendocino, 
California,  taken  in  June,  are  sent  by  Mr.  Belirens  under  the  No,  8. 
I  have  examined  also  specimens  sent  from  California  by  Mr.  Hy. 
Edwards. 

(10.)    Diaiithoecia  leucogramma,  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  S.  1,  p.  140. 

^  . — Mr.  Behrens  sends  a  single  fresh  specimen  in  which  the  pale 
dots  following  the  subterminal  black  cuneiform  marks  are  not  at  all 
yellowish.  The  ?  is  still  unknown  to  me.  California.  Collection  of 
this  Society. 

(11.)    Diaiithoecia  rufiila,  Grote. 

S  $  . — Eyes  hairy,  with  lashes.  Male  antennae  brush-like,  with  a  longer 
bristle  on  each  side  of  each  joint.  The  oviduct  is  exserted.  The  abdominal 
tuftings  are  obsolete.  In  color  the  species  resembles  Mamestra  puerilis.  It 
is  pale  reddish  ochery,  variable  in  redness.  Ordinary  spots  concolorous  with 
fine  pale  annuli ;  the  orbicular  rather  large,  oblique ;  the  reniform  erect, 
with  darker,  partly  blackish  center,  and  is  the  more  noticeable.  The  lines 
fine  and  indistinct.  The  t.  p.  line  is  followed  by  a  distinct  series  of  black  and 
pale  points.  Subterminal  line  continued,  erect,  finely  pale  margined  outwardly. 
Fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  quite  pale  testaceous,  stained  with  fuscous 
on  the  veins  and  .hind  border,  with  concolorous  pale  fringes.  Beneath  both 
wings  very  pale  with  an  exterior  transverse  denticulate  line  on  primaries  con- 


65 

tinuod  to  vein  2;  a  faint  fuscous  discal  shade  and  marlc.  Hind  \vinp;a  witli  a 
mudiiui  line  niari^ed  on  the  iiervules  and  discal  point,  with  the  costal  region 
sprinkled  with  darker  scales.     Head  and  thorax  above  like  primaries. 

Ex2}anse,  $,  30,  ?  34  m.  m.     "  Oakland,  No.  22,"  Mr.  Behrens. 

(12.)    Diantlioccia  iusoleus,  Orote. 

$  . — A  large  species  with  hairy  eyes  and  the  oviduct  barely  visible.  It  is  a 
species  of  singular  appearance,  and  resembles  the  European  D.  cacsia  and  the 
European  species  of  Folia  (such  as  nigrocincta  H.-S.  fig.  482).  Hoary  gray 
over  fuscous  the  niarkiugs  faint,  with  a  tinge  of  yellow  accompanying  the 
large  coucolorous  ordinary  spots  and  the  transverse  lines.  The  narrow  ter- 
minal space  and  the  median,  a  little  freer  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  from  pale 
scales.  Subterminal  line  preceded  by  large  and  vague  fuscous  cuneiform 
marks.  Terminal  black  dots  distinct.  Fringes  fuscous  and  pale  with  a  whit- 
ish basal  line.  Iliud  wings  fuscous  with  a  median  shade  line  and  pale  fringes, 
Body  parts  concolorous  with  the  wings.  Beneath  whitish,  very  sparsely  irro- 
rate  with  dark  scales ;  a  common  undulating  fuscous  line  and  indistinct  discal 
mark  on  hind  wings. 

Bx2)anse,  50  m.  m.  Two  fresh  specimens,  California,  Mr.  Belirens, 
without  number.     Collection  of  this  Society. 

(13.)    Oncociicmis  Behreusi,  Grote. 

$  $  . — Eyes  naked,  with  lashes.  Fore  tibiae  with  a  claw,  else  the  tibiae 
unarmed.  Collar  rather  wide  and  slightly  produced  in  front.  Size  of  the 
European  0.  confusa,  U.-S.  figs.  44,  45,  and  evidently  exceedingly  near  that 
species.  Apparently  a  darker  species,  and  without  so  apparent  a  yellowish 
tint  on  the  fore  wings  and  none  on  the  hind  wings,  which  have  broad  fuscous 
borders,  soiled  veins  and  whitish  bases  with  slight  discal  marks.  Beneath 
evidently  darker,  peppered  with  black  dots,  and  with  the  primaries  wholly 
fuscous.  The  fore  wings  above  are  dark  fuscous  with  an  even  neutral  yel- 
lowish tinge  ;  lines  fine,  black,  waved  and  double.  Ordinary  spots  concolorous, 
rounded,  reniform  with  a  blackish  stain.  Median  shade  line  nearly  perpendic- 
ular, angulated  back  to  costa  above  the  reniform.  Median  space  wide,  the  t.  p. 
line  rouudedly  exserted  much  beyond  the  cell,  approaching  the  subterminal 
line,  the  latter  of  the  dull  yellowish  tinge  of  the  wing  preceded  by  irregularly 
sized  black  cuneiform  marks  unequally  distinct.  Fringes  fuscous,  dotted  with 
black.  Head  and  thorax  above  like  fore  wings,  coarsely  peppered  with  black 
scales. 

Expanse,  32  to  33  m.  m.  "  Sanzalito,  February  10  to  14,  Mr. 
Behrens,  Nos.  14  and  29  (under  the  latter  number  a  paler,  probably 
somewhat  worn  specimen  is  sent).     Several  specimens,  very  fresh 

BUL.  BUF.  80C.  NAT.  PCI.  (9)  MAT,  1874. 


66 

and  perfect.  This  is  very  different  from  the  species  of  Oncocnemis 
described  by  me  from  Colorado.  Its  resemblance  to  the  Unssian  0. 
confusa,  instances  the  relationshiji  of  the  Californian  fanna.  Col. 
Bnf.  Soc.  Xat.  Sci. 

Cliytonix,^'  u.  g. 

Tlie  eyes  are  naked,  with  lashes.  Antennae  simple,  pubescent,  slender. 
The  form  is  frail ;  the  vestiture  of  the  thorax  is  composed  of  flattened  scales 
with  a  slight  admixture  of  hair;  dorsum  of  the  abdomen  strongly  tufted 
centrally.  Primaries  wide,  with  retreating  inner  angle.  The  genus  differs 
from  Hadena  by  the  vestiture  of  the  thorax  which  is  not  hairy  but  scaley. 
The  species  is  fragile  and  seems  to  me  related  to  Homohadena  badistriga.  The 
ornamentation,  while  peculiar,  still  recalls  that  species  and  the  thoracic  vesti- 
ture is  similar  in  character,  while  the  shape  of  the  wings  and  the  dorsal  body 
tufts  afford  characters  of  structural  dissimilarity. 

(14.)    Chytonix  iaspis  (Guenee). 

S  . — The  body  is  slender.  Antennae  thin  and  pubescent  beneath.  Abdomen 
strongly  tufted.  Wings  ample.  Primaries  pale  brown.  T.  a.  line  broad, 
dark  brown,  nearly  even,  outwardly  oblique.  Median  space  wide  owing  to 
the  course  of  the  fine  and  double  t.  p.  line,  which  is  widely  and  roundedly 
exserted  over  the  nervules  and  runs  gradually  inwardly  to  internal  margin 
where  the  two  lines  approach,  and  towards  which  the  median  space  gradually 
narrows.  A  deep  blackish  brown  broad  shade  on  the  submedian  fold  runs 
across  the  median  space  and  includes  just  before  the  t.  p.  line  a  well  defined 
snoiD-wMte  spot.  Ordinary  spots  large  concolorous,  double  ringed.  The  ter- 
minal space  is  very  narrow,  even,  darker  than  the  pale  brown  shades  which 
precede  the  pale  irregular  subterminal  line.  Terminal  blackish  brown  line 
very  distinct,  sub-continuous ;  fringes  dark,  narrowly  cut  with  pale.  Hind 
wings  fuscous  with  pale  fringes.  Beneath  pale  whitish  fuscous  with  a  discal 
dot  and  a  rivulous  median  line  on  hind  wings. 

Expanse,  26  m.  m.    Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  J.  H.  Comstock. 

(15.)    Hadena  genialis,  Orote. 

$  . — Allied  to  H.  Ugnicolor  and  JI.  litJioxylea,  but  a  stouter  and  heavier  spe- 
cies. The  whole  insect  is  of  an  even  dull  orange  brown,  hence  there  are  no 
ferruginous  shades  or  streaks  on  the  primaries  as  in  Ugnicolor.  Ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  hardly  perceivable,  with  pale  annuli ;  reniform  a  little  smaller 
and  more  excavate,  orbicular  notably  more  elongate  than  in  Ugnicolor  and 
attaining  the  reniform  or  very  nearly  so.  T.  p.  line  pale,  hardly  perceivable. 
On  the  terminal  space  near  internal  angle  vein  1,  the  submedian  fold  and  vein  2 

2*  Gr. :    x''^'''^?  6t  vi-ilt. 


67 

are  streaked  with  lead  color,  as  are  also  veins  5  and  0  opposite  the  cell.  The 
I)aler  dentate  frinj^'cs  show  a  darker  basal  line.  Hind  wings  orange  fuscous, 
nearly  conculorous  with  four  wings;  beneath  the  general  color  is  a  little 
brighter  than  above,  on  the  hind  wings  a  discal  dot  and  line;  on  the  primaries 
double  faint  exterior  lines  are  perceivable  with  some  whitish  scales  on  costa 
and  following  the  outer  line  at  its  inception.  Body  parts  concolorous  with  the 
wings. 

Expanse,  45  m.  m.     Mr.  Behrens,  California,  No.  7.     Collection 
of  this  Society. 

(16.)    Hadeiia  marina,  Orote. 

Allied  to  II.  miselioides,  Guen.,  but  the  body  is  much  stouter  and  on  the 
primaries  the  reniform  is  only  half  the  size,  while  the  transverse  posterior 
line  is  regularly  lunulated.  Dark  green  over  black.  Ordinary  spots  white 
with  green  centers,  moderate,  subequal ;  the  orbicular  oblique,  the  reniform 
erect,  slightly  medially  constricted.  Median  lines  black,  approaching  at  sub- 
median  fold  where  the  median  space  is  black,  the  t.  a.  line  waved,  the  t.  p.  line 
interspaceally  lunulate,  the  veins  beyond  marked  with  black.  Subterminal 
line  brought  near  the  margin,  picked  out  by  whitish  scales  more  continuously 
above  internal  angle.  Terminal  black  marks  coarse  and  distinct,  fringes  dark, 
with  a  black  line.  Hind  wings  fuscous  with  terminal  dark  line  and  faint  indi- 
cations of  two  transverse  shade  lines ;  beneath  paler,  irrorate,  with  a  large 
blackish  discal  mark  and  exterior  transverse  line.  Thorax  dark  mosey  green 
like  the  primaries;  abdomen  like  hind  wings;  beneath  blackish  fuscous. 
Head  rather  small ;  eyes  naked ;  maxillae  pale  testaceous. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.  Mr.  Behrens,  California.  Collection  of  this 
Society. 

Zosteropoda,"  n.  g. 

A  singular  genus  with  narrow  wings  and  linear  body  parts  recalling,  in  its 
colors,  Xanthia,  but  with  extraordinarily  tufted  middle  and  hind  legs.  The 
antennae  ( 3 )  are  long  and  pubescent  with  two  longer  setae  on  each  joint. 
The  eyes  are  naked.  The  maxillae  long  and  stout.  The  palpi  long,  exceeding 
the  front,  with  rather  long  and  prominent  terminal  joint.  The  fore  wings  are 
narrow,  of  equal  width,  with  parallel  margins  and  slightly  produced  apices. 
The  hind  wings  show  a  singular  fringing  of  longer  scales  above,  along  the 
internal,  median  and  subcostal  nervures.  The  middle  and  hind  tibiae  are 
thickly  tufted,  especially  the  latter,  which  show  an  inwardly  projecting  lengthy 
and  discolorous  tuft.  The  abdomen  is  pointed  terminally,  without  dorsal  tufts, 
is  narrow  and  exceeds  the  hind  wings  in  length.  In  the  shape  of  the  prima- 
ries and  by  the  tufted  legs,  a  relationship  with  Heliophila  pseudargyria  is 
evidenced. 

2^  Or.:    Cco<TTt/p  et  jroi'f. 


68 

(17.)    Zosteropoda  Iiirtlpes,  Orote. 

$  . — Yellow.  Fore  wings  orange  yellow  witli  the  two  median  lines  of  a 
deeper  tint  and  distinct,  both  outwardly  projected  on  the  cell  and  thence 
returning  obliquely  to  internal  margin,  subparallel.  Eeniform  indicated  by  a 
dot.  Hind  wings  yellowish  white,  with  the  longer  fringings  to  the  veins 
bright  testaceous.  Body  concolorous  ;  tibial  tufts  dusky.  The  ornamentation 
is  simple ;  fringes  concolorous  and  both  wings  show  a  very  narrow  terminal 
indistinct  dark  hair  line.  Beneath  yellow  with  faint  discal  points  and  com- 
mon line.     The  head  and  thorax  are  brighter  tinged  wdth  the  fore  wings. 

Expafise,  28  m.  ni.     Habitat,  California  (Ily.  Edwards,  No.  3484). 

(18.)    Paclinobia  cornuta,  Grote. 

$,  . — Eyes  naked ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose.  Short  bodied  and  plump 
with  rather  long,* shortly  pectinate  and  bristled  antennae.  Red  on  vinous 
brown.  Vertex  and  the  broad  collar  discolorous,  pale  or  buff,  the  latter  with 
fine  lines.  Head  tufted  between  the  antennae.  Thorax  dark  red  brown.  Pri- 
maries red  brown,  shaded  with  pale  scales  along  costal  region.  Ordinary  spots 
pale,  narrow,  elongate,  fused,  the  orbicular  nearly  parallel  with  costa,  the 
reniform  upright,  with  fine  brown  internal  ring.  Ordinary  lines  pale  between 
incomplete  dark  lines  ;  the  t.  a.  line  notably  waved  below  median  vein  ;  the  t. 
p.  line  obsoletely  lunulate,  appearing  nearly  even,  roundedly  exserted  beyond 
the  cell.  Subterminal  line  preceded  by  blackish  detached  marks.  Median 
space  deeper  colored  on  the  cell.  Fringes  paler  brown  with  a  faint  interior 
whitish  line.  Hind  wings  brownish  fuscous,  with  paler  yellow  brown  fringes. 
Beneath  more  reddish,  irrorate,  with  distinct  black  discal  mark  on  hind  wings 
and  common  dark  line.     Feet  dotted  with  pale  scales. 

Expanse,  29  m.  m.  Two  fresli  specimens,  Mr.  Behrens,  No.  1. 
Col.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci. 

Zotheea,^'^  n.  g. 

Allied  to  Calymnia  and  Enargia  (Cosmia  Led})  and  apparently  very  near  the 
latter,  but  differing  by  the  simple  and  merely  pubescent  male  antennae,  the 
wider  primaries,  and  by  the  more  sunken  head.  Whether  the  $  oviduct  ia 
exserted  or  not  cannot  be  now  ascertained  in  the  absence  of  specimens  of  that 
sex.  The  eyes  are  naked.  The  thorax  square  and  woolly,  without  tufts ;  the 
head  is  depressed  and  hardly  visible  from  above.  The  abdomen  seems  to  be 
as  in  Calymnia  and  shorter  than  in  Enargia,  with  longer  lateral  hair.  The 
size  is  larger  than  Cosmia,  but  inferior  to  Enargia  {palleacea)  and  the  ornamen- 
tation differs  by  the  obliquity  and  projection  of  the  t.  p.  line,  which  alone  is 
evident.     The  species  reminds  us  of  Choephora. 

3  0  Gr.:    (,i£i]iiiu 


69 

(IJ).)    Zothcca  tranqiiilla,  Grote. 

$  . — The  color  is  a  dusty  pale  brownish  red,  and  the  fore  wings  have  a  pow- 
dery look.  The  t.  a.  line  is  obsolete,  as  is  the  orbicular  spot.  The  reniform 
is  hardly  to  be  made  out,  narrow  and  concolorous.  The  t.  p.  line  is  distinct, 
darker  than  the  wing,  much  outwardly  projected  on  vein  6,  single,  followed 
by  a  faintly  paler  shade,  running  inwardly  obliquely  and  a  little  flexed  to 
internal  margin  ;  s.  t.  line  wanting ;  fringes  darker  than  the-  wing.  The  me- 
dian space  is  darker  clouded  centrally.  Hind  wings  whitish  faintly  powdered 
with  reddish  outwardly,  and  with  pale  reddish  fringes.  The  costal  region  of 
primaries,  above  the  t.  p.  line  before  the  apex,  is  darker  shaded,  and  here  the 
costal  edge  shows  paler  anteapical  dots.  Beneath  both  wings  are  whitish 
powdered  with  reddish  along  costal  regions  and  outwardly,  and  showing  the 
commencements  of  a  common  outer  transverse  line ;  on  the  primaries  the 
narrow  reniform  is  reflected.  Body  concolorous,  with  wings;  the  woolly 
thorax  shows  an  underlying  yellowish  tint. 

Krpanse,  34  to  3G  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Califuruia  (Ily.  Edwards, 
No.  160). 

(20.)    Scopelosoma  Graeflana,  Grote. 

$  . — The  eyes  are  naked  ;  the  body  flattened ;  the  squamation  rough  as  in 
this  genus,  not  smooth  as  in  Glaea.  The  wings  are  elongate,  the  terminal  line 
distinctly  waved  on  the  primaries,  so  that  the  fringes  are  uneven.  The  fore 
wings  are  narrow  and  long,  with  parallel  margins  and  sharp  apices.  The  orna- 
mentation is  diSerent  from  either  WcdJceri  or  vinulenta,  and  the  colors  are  as 
in  some  species  of  Xauthia,  but  I  cannot  separate  this  and  the  following  spe- 
cies generically  from  either  of  the  other  species  here  referred  to  Scopelosoma. 
Yellow,  powdered  with  deep  orange.  The  fore  wings  are  crossed  by  four 
nearly  equidistant  and  straight,  dark  orange  brown,  even  and  distinct  lines. 
The  first  of  these  is  the  basal  half-line,  angulated  on  the  median  vein.  The 
second  is  the  t.  a.  line,  nearly  straight.  The  third  is  the  median  shade,  unu- 
sually distinct  and  continued,  margining  inwardly  the  reniform.  The  fourth 
is  the  t.  p.  line  shortly  projected  outwardly  at  costa,  narrow,  darker  than  the 
rest,  even  and  a  little  inwardly  oblique.  The  ordinary  spots  are  concolorous, 
with  complete  orange  annuli,  the  orbicular  moderate  and  spherical,  the  reni- 
form large,  with  a  faint  inferior  stain,  outwardly  excavate.  The  subterminal 
line  is  irregular  and  faint.  The  nervules  are  marked  with  dark  scales.  The 
hind  wings  are  light  yellowish  with  an  orange  cast  which  leaves  the  costal 
region  free.  A  faint  median  line  reflected  from  beneath  ;  fringes  pale.  Be- 
neath pale  yellowish  with  a  distinct  continued  orange  line,  a  little  irregular 
on  hind  wings  which  show  a  discal  dot.  Costa  of  fore  wings  touched  with 
dusky  towards  the  tips.  Terminal  irregular  line  accented,  dark  and  fine  on 
both  wings.  Body  parts  beneath  pale  yellowish  ;  above  the  thorax  and  head 
with  the  fore  tibiae  are  dusky  orange. 

E.rpause,  3G  m.  ni.     New  York  (col.  this  Soc.  and  E.  L.  Graef). 


70 

(21.)    Seopelosoma  ceromatlca,  Orote. 

2  . — This  species  lias  broader  wings  tlian  S.  Graefiana,  widening  more  out- 
wardly, and  sliorter.  and  more  as  in  Glaea.  The  male  antennae  are  more  noti- 
cibly  ciliate.  The  ornamentation  resembles  that  of  S.  Qraefina.  The  color  ia 
an  intensely  vivid  orange  red.  The  fore  wings  show  the  lines  distinctly,  but 
these  are  hardly  deeper  than  the  ground  color  of  the  wings  ;  their  course  is 
much  as  in  S.  Graefiana,  but  the  t.  p.  is  slightly  lunulated.  There  is  a  remark- 
able powdering  of  pale  scales  over  the  wings  wanting  on  the  median  space 
beyond  the  median  shade  and  accompanying  on  the  terminal  space  peculiar 
broad  black  shades  on  the  veins.  The  ordinary  spots  are  as  in  S.  Graefiana  ; 
the  orbicular  difficult  to  make  out  and  small,  relieved  by  pale  scales  ;  the  reni- 
form  concolorous,  with  a  blackish  inferior  stain.  Terminal  line  faintly  waved, 
fringes  concolorous,  long  and  nearly  even.  Thorax  and  head  colored  like  fore 
wings.  Hind  wings  vinous  orange  with  the  costa  pale,  the  median  line  from 
beneath  seems  reflected ;  a  narrow  terminal  yellow  shade  obtains  before  the 
concolorous  fringes.  Beneath  yellowish  with  a  vinous  tinge,  especially  over  the 
fringes  and  at  apex  of  fore  wings.  A  common  line  and  on  hind  wings  a  discal 
dot.  Terminal  line  fine  and  lunulated  on  both  wings  which  are  more  or  less 
irrorate  with  red  scales.  Legs  outwardly  deep  orange  red.  Abdomen  above 
like  hind  wings.  The  costal  region  of  primaries  beneath  shows  a  faint  powder- 
ing of  black  scales. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.  Xew  Jersey  (E.  L.  Graef,  raised  from  the 
larva). 

(22.)    Seopelosoma  vinulenta. 

Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison  has  drawn  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  I  have 
erroneously  regarded  this  species  as  tlie  same  as  Guenee  8.  sidus. 
The  type  of  vinulenta  is  before  me.  I  have  seen  but  two  specimens 
from  Texas  (Cresson),  New  York  (Lintner).  It  is  a  dull  vinous 
blood-red  species,  nearly  as  intensely  colored  as  S.  cei'omatica.  The 
markings  are  much  as  in  S.  satelletia,  the  basal,  t.  a  and  t.  p.  lines 
accompanied  by  pale  purplish  shades  and  tolerably  distinct;  the 
reniform  a  narrow  white  lunule  with  superior  and  inferior  Avhite 
dots,  again  deeper  stained  than  the  wing.  The  costal  edge  of  fore 
wings  is  straiglit,  apices  pointed. 

Expanse,  36  m.  m. 

(23.)    Seopelosoma  Morrisonij  Orote. 

I  have  received  this  species  from  Canada  (Mr.  Pettit)  and  from  Cambridge 
(Mr.  Morrison),  the  latter  with  the  erroneous  determination  S.  Walkeri.  This 
species  is  of  the  color  of  8.  Wdlkeri,  but  differs  at  once  by  the  even,  pale  shaded 


71 

distinct  median  lines  on  the  fore  wings,  wliicli  latter  are  of  a  rnsty  olivaceous 
ochrcous.  Tiic  rcniform  appears  merely  as  a  pale  luniform  mark  looking  of 
a  piece  with  the  t.  p.  line.  This  latter  in  S.  WaUceri  is  dark,  single,  narrow, 
irregular  or  wavy,  or  a  little  interspaceally  notched  over  the  median  nervules. 
Hind  wings  blackish,  with  fringes  like  the  fore  wings  and  thorax  in  color. 
Beneath  like  the  fore  wings  above,  irrorate  with  black  scales,  with  distinct 
blackish  discal  spot  and  median  band,  the  latter  centrally  more  deeply  indented 
than  usual.     Costal  edge  of  primaries  straight. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m. 

(24.)    Scopelosoma  Walkeri. 

I  liave  my  type  before  me  and  it  agrees  Avitli  the  specimens  taken 
about  Buffalo  before  alluded  to  in  this  Bulletin.  The  color  is  dusky 
olivaceous  ochreous  and  the  reniform  is  white  or  whitish  ochreous ; 
again  the  color  is  more  rusty  and  the  spot  reddish.  The  costal  edge 
is  straight.  It  appears  to  differ  essentially  from  S.sidus  in  this  par- 
ticular, though  the  color  is  not  the  same.  The  nan-ow  blackish  t.  p. 
line  has  been  before  described. 

(26.)    Scopelosoma  sidus. 

Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison  sends  me  a  specimen  with  this  determination 
and  I  find  a  second  among  my  material  of  *S^.  Walheri  taken  about 
Buffalo.  On  comparison  the  color  of  the  primaries  is  seen  to  be  of 
a  dusty  pale  brick  red,  the  median  lines  distinct,  blackish  and  as  in 
;S'.  Walheri  and  S.  satellitia ;  I  have  little  doubt  then  that  this  is 
Guenee's  species.  The  costa  of  the  primaries  is  less  straight,  more 
arched  than  in  the  other  species,  and  the  median  space  is  narrower, 
owing  to  the  greater  proximity  of  the  median  lines.  All  the  species 
are  nearly  allied  but  can  be  readily  distinguished  l)y  the  characters 
pointed  out;  my  only  doubt  is  as  to  the  specific  validity  of  the  dis- 
tinction between  this  species  and  S.  Walkeri,  yet  the  characters 
afford  good  reason  for  a  separate  designation. 

(26.)    Xylomiges  hiciualis,  Grote. 

i  9  . — This  species  has  hairy  eyes  and  in  the  shape  of  the  wings  is  like  X. 
curialis.  The  ornamentation  recalls  that  of  Mamestra  latex  {Ouen.),  than 
which  this  is  a  narrower  species,  the  abdomen  with  a  basal  tuft,  the  thorax 
uncrested.  The  $  antennae  are  provided  with  bristled  pectinations,  the  joints 
bead-like.  The  female  antennae  are  simple,  brush-like.  Gray,  shaded  with 
blackish,  with  a  warm  tinge,  the  markings  on  the  primaries  distinct.     A  black 


72 

basal  dasli,  above  wbicb  tbe  base  is  pale.  T.  a.  line  black,  double,  the  gray 
center  alone  noticable,  uot  very  irregular  or  much  waved.  Orbicular  large, 
rounded,  witb  incomplete  black  annulus,  gray  with  a  faint  blackish  dot.  Reni- 
form  dark,  upright,  with  a  distinct  reddish  stain,  a  narrow  black  annulus  inside 
of  which  is  a  gray  ring,  the  center  dark.  T.  p.  line  indistinct.  Subterminal 
line  whitish  gray,  preceded  by  uneven  black  cuneiform  mark,  cut  by  gray 
shades  accompanying  veins  3  and  4,  and  followed  by  interspaceal  black  marks. 
Terminal  black  interspaceal  marks  distinct.  Hind  wings  whitish  gray,  irrorate 
with  fuscous,  with  longer  fuscous  hairs  over  internal  margin,  with  blackish 
discal  dot  and  median  line  more  apparent  in  $,  ,  and  concolorous  fringes  before 
which  the  terminal  black  line  is  subcontinuous  and  very  distinct ;  beneath  as 
above,  the  black  discal  dot  very  distinct  and  the  line  marlied  on  the  veins. 

Expaiue,  34  m.  m. 

Three  specimens  sent  by  Mr,  Behrens  under  tlie  number  11,  and 
labelled  "  Oakland,  January."  A  single  sj^ecimen  bears  the  number 
"  625,  California."  Both  Xylomiges  curialis  and  X.  patalis  are 
again  sent  me  by  Mr.  Behrens;  specimens  of  the  latter  species  are 
labelled  "  Mendocino." 

(27.)    Plusia  bractea,  8.  V. 

A  specimen  sent  by  Mr.  Behrens  with  the  label  "  Mendocino, 
June,"  cannot  be  specially  separated  from  European  material  of  the 
species  in  the  collection  of  this  Society. 

(28.)    Plusia  8-scripta,  Sanborn. 

A  species  allied  to  P.  mortuorum.  Blackish  and  steel  gray,  in  some  speci- 
mens a  faint  rufous  shade  on  t.  p.  line  near  submedian  fold.  T.  p.  line  perpen- 
dicular, geminate,  waved  or  trembled,  and  oifering  thus  a  distinguishing 
feature  from  Guenee's  species.  The  metallic  spot  incompletely  8-shaped,  open 
superiorly,  pale  yellowish  or  silvery ;  t.  a.  line  not  silvery,  as  in  mortuorum, 
zigzag,  geminate.  Reniform  similar  to  mortuorum  in  shape,  but  without  any 
silvery  shading,  margined  with  black,  enclosing  a  very  fine  silvery  line.  Sub- 
terminal  line  much  as  in  mortuorum.  Terminal  line  black  followed  by  a  dis- 
tinct pale  gray  marginal  shade  following  the  scollops  of  the  line.  Fringe 
alternately  gray  and  black.  Hind  wings  with  a  wide  diffuse  blackish  border, 
else  pale  with  a  sort  of  dirty  yellowish  brown  tinge,  like  mortuorum.  Beneath 
with  faint  median  line  and  spot. 

Exjjanse,  35  m.  m.  Anticosti  Island  (Couper) ;  Racine  (0.  Meske) ; 
Mass.  (Prof.  Packard).  By  a  clerical  error  I  have  written  the  name 
"^-signata"  on  p.  72,  Vol.  G,  Can.  Ent. 


73 

(29.)    Plnsia  viridisig'ma,  Orote. 

Much  larger  than  P.  8-S('J7;;^rt,  not  so  miuli  shaded  witli  l)lacki>!li,  l>ut  of  a 
dark  bluish  gray,  with  the  lines  and  spots  distinct.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  nearly 
even,  strongly  defected  on  t.  a.  line.  Sign  much  as  in  P.  8-8cri2)ta,  bolder,  of  a 
peculiar  greenish-golden  hue— verdigris-like.  Orbicular  distinct,  black  ringed, 
annulus  irregular,  toothed  on  the  inside,  surrounded  with  a  pale  shade.  Reni- 
form  narrow,  upright,  elongate,  black  ringed,  with  a  very  fine  pale  incomplete 
line.  T.  p.  line  not  inflected,  waved,  geminate.  Subterminal  space  darker, 
more  blackish  than  terminal.  Subterminal  line  very  distinct,  with  the  double 
dentations  on  the  interspaces  between  veins  3  and  4,  strongly  expressed.  Hind 
wings  with  broad  diffuse  blackish  borders.  Beneath  pale,  somewhat  yellowish, 
with  the  markings  impromiuent.  Head  and  thorax  dark  gray,  like  fore  wings. 
Collar  and  tegular  with  distinct  transverse  black  shade  lines. 

Expanse,  48  m.  m.     Quebec  (F.  X.  Belanger). 

Stiria,"  n.  g. 

A  genus  with  strong  characters  which  has  its  most  natural  position  here. 
The  color  is  bright  yellow  on  the  primaries,  so  that  we  are  reminded  strongly 
of  Gortyna.  The  clypeus  is  remarkably  full  and  exceeds  the  eyes ;  it  has  a 
heart-shaped,  naked  depression,  not  unlike  that  of  Plagiomimicus,  but  with 
less  prominently  raised  edges  and  with  a  moderate  tubercle  near  its  inferior 
and  longer  edge.  The  vestiture  of  the  thorax  and  head  is  scaley,  not  hairy. 
The  legs  are  unarmed  except  the  short  fore  tibiae,  which  have  a  stout, blunt,  ter- 
minal claw.  The  thorax  is  short  with  the  extremities  of  the  patagic  squamae 
uplifted,  and  in  its  total  appearance  it  is  lilce  that  of  Plagiomimicus.  The 
thoracic  squamation  is  dark,  pearly  dotted  or  frosted.  The  fore  wings  are  large, 
wide,  triangulate,  with  a  Plusia-like  tooth  at  internal  angle.  The  female  ovi- 
duct is  exserted.    The  eyes  are  naked. 

(30.)    Stiria  rugifrons,  Orote. 

The  fore  wings  are  light  yellow,  with  a  patch  on  internal  margin  at  the  base, 
a  larger  one  centrally,  and  the  narrow  inwardly  irregular  edged  terminal 
space,  purply  brown  with  a  frosting  of  pale  scales,  and  concolorous  with  the 
thorax.  The  ordinary  lines  and  spots  are  obliterate,  but  there  are  some  faint 
shaded  marks  on  the  cell  and  faint  traces  of  the  t.  p.  line.  Fringes  frosted 
and  concolorous  with  the  dark  terminal  space  which  narrows  to  apices,  leaving 
these  of  the  yellow  ground  color.  Hind  wings  whitish,  soiled  outwardly, 
without  lines.  Beneath  pale,  without  marks,  primaries  soiled,  secondaries 
whitish. 

Expanse,  44  m.  m.     Kansas  (Prof.  Snow,  No.  5);  Colorado  Ter. 
(Jas.  Ridings). 

2  ^  Gr. :    nrepe6Q. 

BI'L.    lU'F.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (10)  -MAT,    1874. 


74 

Stibadium,^- n.  g.  .* 

Allied  to  Stiria,  but  with  a  strong  external  resemblance  to  Telesilla  cinere- 
ola  ;  larger  than  this  species  and  recalling  Gortyna  nitela,  in  size,  but  with 
shorter  body  parts.  The  clypeus  show  a  depression  less  prominent  than  in 
Stiria  and  without  the  tubercle,  not  so  cup-like,  and  shallower  than  in  Pla- 
giomimicus.  The  wings  not  so  large  and  triangulate  as  in  Stiria,  but  more 
lilve  Telesilla  in  their  general  shape.  The  legs  are  unarmed,  except  the  short 
anterior  tibiae,  which  have  a  strong  claw.  The  color  is  that  of  Telesilla  ciner- 
eola,  a  little  darker  and  more  olivaceous,  thickly  covered  with  pearly  frost- 
ings.  The  $  oviduct  is  not  exerted  and  there  is  no  projection  of  the  fringe  at 
internal  angle,  as  in  Stiria.     The  eyes  are  naked. 

(31.)    Stibadium  spumosnm,  Grote. 

t, . — Color  of  Telesilla  cinereola,  hut  more  olivaceous,  thickly  frost  3d.  The 
two  median  lines  white,  the  t.  a.  narrowest  and  less  distinct.  The  t.  p.  line 
slightly  projected  and  subangulated  opposite  the  cell.  The  ordinary  spots  are 
concolorous,  faint,  vaguely  outlined  by  white  annuli  of  hair-like  fineness, 
moderate,  the  reniform  approximate  to  the  t.  p.  line  inferiorly.  The  subter- 
minal  space  is  paler  and  brighter  tinted  than  the  median,  fringes  concolorous. 
Terminal  line  dark,  followed  by  a  pale  line  at  base  of  fringes.  Thorax  con- 
colorous with  the  fore  wings.  Hind  wings  jiale  at  base,  fuscous  outwardly  ; 
fringes  pale  fuscous  with  a  paler  basal  shade.  Beneath  without  markings ; 
primaries  dark,  hind  wings  pale,  whitish,  with  dark  apical  and  costal  cloud- 
ings. 

Fxpanse,  35  m.  m.     Kansas  (Prof.  Snow,  No.  63). 

(32.)    Lygranthoecia  saturata,  Grote. 

$  $  . — Is  of  the  same  pearly  olivaceous  blackish  with  X.  marginnta  and 
L.  Thoreaui  and  rather  resembles  the  former  species,  but  the  wings  are  evenly 
saturated  with  an  ochreous  reddish  tint  which  is  peculiar.  The  median 
white  lines  are  not  even  as  in  L.  marginata,  but  crenulated  and,  on  the  sub- 
median  fold,  show  two  opposed  dentations.  Size  of  L.  marginata  and  smaller 
than  L.  Thoreaui,  with  the  median  lines  more  obvious  than  in  the  latter  species. 
The  markings  are  much  the  same  in  the  three  species,  but  the  median  lines 
are  not  as  approximate  centrally  in  L.  saturata,  as  in  L.  Thoreaui,  and  are  less 
divergent  on  internal  margin  than  in  either  of  the  other  species.  Hind  wings 
fuscous,  with  darker  terminal  shade,  saturated  with  same  tint  as  prhnaries. 
Beneath  more  reddish ;  secondaries  whitish,  thickly  powdered  with  orange 
red,  with  faint  pale  line  and  discal  mark.  Fore  wings  with  transverse  outer 
dark  shade  line  and  discal  marks  darker  than  hind  wings. 

Expanse,  26  m.  m.  Texas.  Col.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  (Belfrage),  Mass. 
(II.  K.  MoiTi.son). 

3  2  Gr.:    CTtftdSiov. 


.75 

(33.)    Melaporphyria  immortim,  n.  g.  et  sp. 

Closely  allied  to  Meliclcptria.  All  the  tibiae  iirincd  ;  the  short  fore  tibiae  with 
Bubequal  terminal  longer  spines.  Eyes  small ;  front  bulging  without  protub- 
erance. The  head  is  closely  applied  to  the  thorax,  giving  a  different  appear- 
ance to  the  insect  from  the  species  of  Melicleptria.  In  size,  the  shape  of  the 
primaries  and  the  length  of  the  spurs,  the  species  seems  related  to  Heliaca. 
The  ornamentation  is  not  unlike  the  species  referred  byM.  Guent'e  to  An- 
thoecia,  but  yet  differs  sensibly.  The  2  abdomen  does  not  show  the  oviduct 
extruded.  The  legs  and  face  are  more  lengthily  haired  ;  the  abdomen  is 
smooth,  without  tufts  and  the  wings  have  a  velvety  appearance.  The  colors 
are  very  dark,  so  that  we  are  reminded  of  Melicleptria  arcifera.  The  fore 
wings  have  the  median  lines  fine,  pale  and  even.  The  t.  a.  line  forms  an  arc, 
much  outwardly  produced  at  the  center.  The  t.  p.  line  is  oblique,  nearly 
straight,  a  little  sinuate,  and  is  brought  very  nearly  to  the  t.  a.  line  medially. 
The  median  field  is  narrowed  by  the  inwardly  oblique  course  of  the  t.  p.  line, 
which  thus  differs  here  from  its  appearance  in  M.  arcifera,  Spraguei,  etc., 
with  which  the  species  is  similarly  sized.  The  basal  field  is  deep  purple 
brown,  becoming  olivaceous  before  the  t.  a.  line  and  there  concolorous  with 
the  olivaceous  brown  or  blackish  subterminal  field.  Median  space  dusky 
brownish  ;  all  the  veins  marked  by  pale  scales,  and  this  latter  character  is  espe 
cially  noticeable  on  the  subterminal  space.  The  terminal  space  is  lighter 
purply  brown  with  a  deeper  shaded  terminal  line.  There  is  merely  a  diffuse 
darker  shade  in  the  place  of  the  reniform.  Hind  wings  blackish  at  base,  gol- 
den brown  along  terminal  margin ;  the  wing  shows  the  brighter  tint  also  as  a 
faint  median  band.  Fringes  of  the  same  golden  brown  at  base,  dusky  tipped, 
as  they  are  on  primaries.  Body  parts  olivaceous  blackish.  Beneath  the  wings 
are  blackish  at  base,  golden  brown  externally,  the  primaries  the  paler,  and 
they  show  a  common  diffuse  median  blackish  band,  separated  but  slightly 
from  the  dark  color  of  the  base  ;  fore  wings  with  a  golden  brown  discal  spot. 

Habitat,  Albany  (Mr.  Lintner);  Cambridge  (Mr.  Morrison). 

Tricopis,^''  n.  g. 

In  form  allied  to  Tarache  and  with  a  similar  clothing  of  flattened  scales  on 
the  thorax.  All  the  tibiae  are  armed  and  in  addition  the  short  fore  tibiae  have 
three  unequal  terminal  claws,  the  longer  on  the  inside.  The  eyes  are  naked. 
The  bulging  clypeus  is  thickly  and  mossily  scaled,. and  the  inferior  clypeal 
plate  is  prominent.  The  outer  margin  of  the  fore  wings  is  more  oblique  and 
the  apices  produced  than  in  Earache  and  Schinia.  The  abdomen  is  plump 
and  untufted  and  the  ovipositor  is  slightly  extruded  in  the  female.  The  orna- 
mentation is  not  unlike  that  of  the  silver-flecked  species  of  Cucullia. 


3  3  Qr. :    rptiQ  et  ko-kIq. 


76 

(34.)    Tricopis  chrysellusj  Orotc. 

3  $  . — Head  and  tliorax  mixed  pale  and  sable  brown.  Fore  wings  with  the 
base  narrowly  brown,  a  median  narrow  transverse  sable  brown  band  outwardly 
bent  on  the  cell  and  the  terminal  space  narrowly  brown.  Else  the  wing  ia 
silvery  white  with  a  brilliant  lustre.  Fringes  pale  yellowish.  Hind  wings 
testaceous  whitish  with  terminal  fuscous  clouding.  Beneath  white,  the  fore 
wings  with  dull  blackish  stains. 

Expanse,  25  m,  m.  Collected  in  Texas  by  Belfrage;  Kansas, 
Prof.  F.  H.  Snow,  No.  192. 

Antiblemmaj  Hubn. 

The  body  parts  are  slender  and  the  form  is  geometridoua.  The  head  is 
small,  the  clypeus  smooth.  The  squamation  of  the  head  and  thorax  shows  a 
slight  intermixture  of  hairs.  The  eyes  are  naked,  reticulated,  without  lashes. 
The  antennae  are  filiform,  simple,  scaled,  pubescent  beneath,  with  longer 
setae  on  each  joint,  the  base  slightly  swelled.  The  ocelli  are  present.  The 
maxillae  are  corneous,  moderate.  The  labial  palpi  are  of  unusual  length, 
compressed  and  rather  lengthily  scaled,  extended  forwards  fully  three  times 
the  length  of  the  head  ;  third  joint  slightly  porrect,  nearly  half  the  length  of 
the  second.  Legs  slender,  tibiae  unarmed,  with  powdery  squamation.  Wings 
ample,  concolorous ;  primaries  with  the  apices  acute,  external  margin  full 
centrally,  costal  edge  slightly  arched  ;  secondaries  rounded,  with  the  external 
margin  a  little  depressed  before  the  determinate  anal  angle.  Judging  from 
figures  our  species  is  allied  to  Antiblemma  acclinalis  Huhn.,  from  Surinam. 

(35.)    Antiblemma  caiialis,  Orote. 

3  . — The  entire  insect  is  dark  brownish  red.  The  wings  show  the  t.  p.  line 
extended  as  a  pale  narrow  common  stripe  angulated  near  the  costa  of  prima- 
ries, as  in  the  genera  Pleonectyptera  and  Anticarsia,  while  the  insect  looks 
much  more  like  a  Geometer,  belonging  to  Drepanodes,  for  example.  The  reni- 
form  is  moderate,  of  a  dark  rich  brown.  The  orbicular  shows  as  a  dark  dot 
with  a  few  whitish  scales.  The  t.  a.  line  and  median  shade  are  indicated  on 
the  costal  region  of  primaries.  A  common  subterminal  series  of  pale  and 
dark  scale  dots  ;  fringes  shorter,  brighter  tinted  than  the  wing.  Beneath  paler 
with  discal  white  and  dark  scale  dots,  and  a  common  exterior  darker,  undu- 
lated shade  line. 

ExjMnse,  32  m.  m.    Habitat,  New  York  {E.  L.  Graef,  Esq.,  No.  539). 


77 

The  following  genus  has  been  referred  to  the  Ilerminidae  by 
Dr.  Clemens  and  redcscribed  under  the  name  of  Dcuterollyta  by 
Lederer,  in  18G3,  as  one  of  the  Pyralidae,  to  Avhich  group  I  believe  it 
to  belong: 

EPIPASCHIA,  Clemens  (1860). 

Type  :  Epipaschia  superatalis  Clc7n. 
t  superatalis  Clem.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  PliiL,  18G0,  p.  14. 
borealis  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  177  {Deuterollyta). 
Eastern  States. 


E.XPLANATION    OF    PLATE. 

1.  Dicopis  muralis.  6.     Copipanolis  cubilis. 

2.  Platysenta  atriciliata.  7.     Anarta  subfuscula. 

3.  Jaspidea  lepidula.  8.     Orthosia  apiata. 

4.  Senta  defecta.  9.    Ortliosia  inulta. 

5.  Lithophane  querquera.  10.     Tricopis  clirysellus. 

11.     Catocala  semirelicta. 


78 


II.    Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  from  the  Region  of 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  La. 

BY    S.    V.   SUMMERS,    M.    D.,    KEW    ORLEANS,    LA. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  April  10, 1874.] 

The  following  list  will  enumerate  all  the  known  Coleoptera 
occurring  Avithin  the  limits  of  what  may  be  known  as  the  "  Eegion 
of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  Louisiana";  the  list  has  been  compiled 
from  personal  examinations  of  species  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  C. 
Trabrandt  and  in  my  own  collection.  I  must  also  express  here  my 
obligations  to  Dr.  Geo.  H.  Horn  for  determining  many  of  the  enu- 
merated species.  The  classification  of  Dr.  Le  Conte  Avith  a  few 
late  modifications,  has  been  followed.  Many  of  the  Louisiana 
species  are  among  the  rarest  of  the  Coleoptera,  i.  e.,  Casnonia  lu- 
doviciana,  Zuphium  americanum,  Gymnetis  Sallei,  etc.,  and  there 
still  remains  a  large  field  for  collections  among  the  Dytiscidae  and 
Staphylinidae.  1  would  suggest  for  the  latter  family  water,  as  the 
medium  to  be  used  in  collecting,  in  bailing  over  the  margin  of 
streams ;  or,  if  fungi  and  animal  excrement  are  to  be  searched,  a 
pail  two-thirds  filled  with  water,  will  be  found  a  valuable  assistant. 


CICINDELIDAE. 


Megaceplialiui. 

Tetracha  Carolina  {Linn.). 
virginica  {Linn.). 

Ccindelini. 

Cicindela  rugifrons  Dej. 
tranquebarica  lib. 
repanda  Dej. 


Cicindela  media  Lee.  {v.). 
marginata  Fah. 
tortuosa  Dej. 
V.  serpens  Lee. 
punctulata  Fah. 
V.  micans  Fah. 
severa  Laf. 
Pilatei  {Guerin). 


79 


(Carabidae.) 
Cnrabiui. 

Nebria  pallipes  Say. 
Calosoma  externum  Sai/. 

scrutator  (Fah.). 

Sayi  DeJ. 

frigidum  Kirhy. 

calidum  {Fdh.). 
Carabus  linibatus  Hay. 

vinctus,  Weber. 

sylvosus  Say. 
Cychrus  Lecontei  (Dej.). 

Audrewsii  Harr. 


Searitini. 

Pasimaclius  marginatus  (Fab.). 

siiblaevis  Beauv. 

pnnctulatns  Hid. 

elongatus  Lee. 
Scarites  snbteiraneus  Fab. 

V.  vicinus  CJid. 

substriatiis  Hald. 
Dyschirins  globulosns  Say. 

sphaericollis  Say. 
Ardistomis  viridis,  Say. 
Aspidoglossa  subangulata  Chd. 
Clivina  corvina  Piitz. 

ferrea  Lee. 

bipustulata  Fab. 

rufescens  Dej. 

(Harpalidae.) 
Bracliinini. 

Brachinns  perplexus  Dej. 
couformis  Dej. 


CARABIDAE. 

Brachinns  lateralis  Dej. 
alternans  Dej 
tomentarins  Lee. 

Panagaeini. 

Panagacus  crucigerus  Say. 
fasciatus  Say. 

Morioninl. 

Morio  monilicornis  Latr. 

Dryptini. 

Galerita  Janus  Fab. 

Lecontei  Dej. 

bicolor  Drury. 
Zuphium  americanum  Dej. 
Thalpius  dorsalis  {Drill.). 


Odacaniliiiii. 

Casnonia  pensylvanica  {Linn.).* 

ludoviciana  {Salle). 
Leptotrachelus  dorsalis  {Fab.).\ 
Ega  sallei  Chevr. 
Laclinophorus  pubescens  Dej. 
Eucaerus  varicornis  Lee. 

Lel)iiii. 

Loxopeza  grandis  {Hentz). 

atriventris  {Say). 

tricolor  {Say). 
Lebia  marginicollis  Dej. 

V.  affinis  Dej. 

viridis  Say. 

V.  smaragdula  Dej. 

pumila  Dej. 

V.  maculicornis  Lee. 


*  A  single  specimen  found  Feb.  4,  1874. 
1  Taken  by  Mr.  C.  'I'nibranilt. 


80 


Lebia  lobulata  Lee. 

viridipennis  Dej. 

ornata  Say. 

analis  Dej. 

furcata  Dej. 
Dianchomena  scapularis  Dej. 
Aphelogenia  vittata  {Fab.). 

bivittata  {Fat.). 
Tetragonoderns  fasciatus(i?«?(/.) . 
Bleclirus  linearis  {Lee) 
Apenes  sinuata  {Say). 
Piuacodera  platicollis  {Say). 

V.  fuscata  {Dej.). 

Pterosticliini. 

Callida  punctulata  Lee. 
Ehombodera  pallipes  Lee. 
Calathus  opaculus  Lee. 

mollis  {Mots).  (La.?)* 
Platynus  tenebricosus  Gemm. 

extensicollis  {Say). 

decorus  {Say). 

punctiformis  {Say). 

linibatus  {Say). 

crenistriatus  Lee. 
Loxaudrus  rectus  {Say). 

erraticus  {Dej). 

minor  {Chd). 

taeniatus  Lee. 
Evarthus  americanus  {Dej.). 

colossus  {Lee). 
Pterostichus  permundus  {Say). 

Sayi  Bridle. 

acutangulus  Clid. 

femoralis  {Kirly). 
Amara  avida  {Say). 

angustata  Say. 


Amara  impuncticollis  {Say). 
fallax  Lee. 

Liciuini. 

Badister  notatus  Hald. 
Diplocliila  major  Lee.  {v) 

impressicollis  Dej. 

obtusa  {Lee). 

laticollis  {Lee). 
Dicaelus  purpuratus  Bon. 

ovalis  Lee. 

simplex  Dej. 

opacus  Laf. 

elongatus  Dej. 

Chlaeniiii. 

Anomoglossus  pusillus  {Say). 
Chlaenius  erytliropus  Germ. 

fuscicornis  Dej. 

rufipes  Dej. 

sericeus  {Forst). 

pensylvanicus  Say. 

tricolor  Dej. 

brevilabris  Lee. 

circumciuctus  Say. 

impunctifrons  Say. 

niger  Rand. 

tomentosus  {Say). 

Oodiui. 

Lachnocrepis  parallelus  {Say). 
Anatrichis  minnta  {Dej.). 
Oodes  americanus  Dej. 

amaroides  Dej. 

texanus  Lee.\ 

14-striatus  {did.). 

Lecontei  {Chd). 

cupraeus  {Chd.). 
Evolencs  impressus  Lee.X 


♦From  Dr.  Arthur  Wadgmar.    I  am  not 
Mountains  in  N.  A. 

t  Taken  by  C.  Ti-ubiaiidt. 


aware  of  tliis  species  occurring  east  of  the  Rocky 


X  Taken  by  Emanuel  Frochammcr. 


81 


Ilarpnlini. 

Geopinus  incrassatus  {Doj.). 
Cratacanthus  clubius  {Beam'.) 
Agonoderus  comma  (Fab.). 

pallipes  (Fab.). 

partiarins  (Say). 

infuscatus  Dej. 
Aiiisodactylus  rusticus  Dej. 

(Var's  not  studied.) 

coenns  (Saf/). 

dulcicollis  (La/.). 
Anisotarsus  terminatus  (Sai/). 

piceus  (Lee). 
Bradycellus  rnpestris  (Say). 
Steiioloplius  fuliginosns  Dej. 

conjunctus  Say. 

ocliropezus  Say. 

dissimilis  DcJ. 
Harpalus  pensylvanicus  {Dej.). 

nitidulus  Chd. 

funestus  Lee. 

ellipsis  Lee. 


Selenophorus  stigmosus  Germ. 
subtinctns  Lee. 
pedicularius  {Dej.). 
troglodytes  {Dej.). 

Fo^oniui. 

Patrobiis  longicornis  {Say). 

Bcmbidiini. 

Bembidinm  americanimi  Dej. 

dilatatum  {Lee). 

texanum  Lee. 

fraternum  Lee. 

variegatiim  Say. 

contractnm  Say. 

affine  Say. 
Tachys  scitulus  Lee. 

laevus  {Say). 

nanus  {Gyll.). 

flavicauda  {Say). 
Tachys  xanthopus  {Dej.). 

incurvus  {Say). 

V.  pulchellus  Lee. 


DYTISCIDAE. 


(Ilaliplidae.) 
Haliplini. 

Haliplus  fasciatus  Aube. 
Cnemidotus  12-puuctatus 

(I)ytisci(lae.) 
Hydroporini. 

Ilydi'oporus  granum  Lee. 
nubilus  Lee. 
granarius  Aube. 
iuconspicuus  Lee. 
impressus. 


{Say.) 


Noteriiii. 


Colpius  inflatus  Lee. 
Suphis  bicolor  {Say). 

Colymbetini. 

Coptotomus  interrogatus  {Fab.). 
Ilybius  biguttulus  {Germ.). 
Gaurodytes  punctatus  {Mcls). 

Dytiscini. 

Cybister  fimbriolatus  Say. 
Thermonectes  basilaris  {Harr.). 
oruaticollis  Aube. 


BUL.   BUP.   SOC.    NAT.    sri. 


(11) 


MAT,    1874. 


82 


Hydaticus  bimarginatus  {Sai/). 
Dytiscus  fasciventris  Sai/. 

Gyrinidae. 

G-yriiuis  an  alls  Say. 


Gyrinus  gibber  Lee. 
Dineutes  vittatus  {Germ.). 

discolor  Aiche. 

assimilis  Aube. 


HYDROPHILIDAE. 


Helophoriiii. 

Hydrochus  callosus  Lee. 
Hydropliilini. 

Hydrophilus  triangularis  Say. 
Tropisternus  nimbatus  Say. 

sublaevis  Lee. 

glaber  (Rb.). 

striolatus  Lee. 
Hydrocharis  obtnsatns  (Say). 


Hydrobini. 

Berosus  infuscatus  Lee. 
Pliilhydrns  nebulosus  (Say). 

perj^lexus  Lee. 

maculicollis  {Muls). 

ochraeus  Mels. 

Spliaeridiiui. 

Cyclonotum  estriatum  Say. 
Cercyon  centromacnlatiim  St. 


SILPHIDAE. 


(Silphidae.) 
Silphini. 

Silplia  pustulata  {Hers.). 


Peltis  surinaniensis  {Fab). 
americana  {Linn). 
noveboracensis  {Forst). 


SCYDMAENIDAE. 


Scydmaenus  capillosulus  Lee. 
analis  Lee. 


Scydmaenus  clavatus  Lee. 
clavipes  Say. 


CORYLOPHIDAE. 

Sacium  fasciatum  {Say).  \  Sacium  misellum  Lee. 


PSELAPHIDAE. 

(Pselaphidae.) 

Cteuistes  Zimmermanii  Lee. 

consobrinus  Lee. 
Atinus  monilicoruis  Br. 
Pselaphus  longiclavus  Lee.  {v) 
Bythinus  zonatus  Br. 


Decarthron  exsectum  Br. 

longulum  Br. 

formiceti  {Lee). 
Bryaxis  puncticollis  Lee. 
Eupsenius  glaber  Lee. 
Batrisus  n.  sp. 


83 


Eiiplcctlni. 

Rhexius  inscul})liis  Lee. 
Trimium  globifcr  {Lee). 

dubium  {Lee). 

parvulum  {Lee). 


Eiiplectus  linearis  Lcc. 

interruptus  Lee. 

pumilus  Lee. 

ruficeps  Lee. 
Faro n  us  tolulae  Lee. 

Isabellae  Lee. 


STAPH  YLINIDAE. 


(Stapliyliuidae.) 
Alcocliariui. 
Aleocharae. 

Falagria  partita  Lee. 

bilobata  {Say.) 

dissecta  Er. 

venustula  Er. 
Hoplandria  pulclira  Ivraatz. 

lateralis  Mels. 
Homalota  triraaculata  Er. 

lividij)ennis  Mann. 
Tachyusa  nigrella  Lee. 
Aleochara  lata  Grav. 

bracli}^3terus  {Fourc.) 

bimaculatus  Grav. 

Gyrophaenae. 

Gyrophaeua  viniila  Er. 
dissimilis  Er. 
socia  Er. 

Gymnusae. 

Myllaena  fuscipennis  Kraatz. 

Dinopsis  americaniis  Kraatz. 

myllanoides  Kraatz. 

Tachyporiui. 

Coproponis  ventriculus  Er. 
laevis  Lee. 


Tacliyporus  maculipeiiuis  Lee. 
Conosoma  basale  Er. 

V.  scriptus  Fvl. 
Bolitobus  pygmaeus  {Fabr.). 
Bryoporus  flavipes  Lee. 

Stapliyliiii. 

[Qicedini.] 

Acylophorus  pronus  Er. 
Heterothops  pusio    Lee.   {Cab. 

of  Dr.  Horn). 
Quedius  fulgidus  {Fab.). 
molocliinus  {Grav.). 
ferox  Horn  Mss. 

[StapJiylini.] 

Creopliilus  villosus  {Grav.). 
Staphyliuus  maculosus  Grav. 

mysticus  Er. 

tomentosus  Grav. 

vulpinus  Nor  dm. 

cinnamopterus  Grav. 
Ocypus  ater  {Grav.). 
Belonuchiis  ephippiatus  {Say). 
Pliilonthus  aeneiis  {Rossi). 

liepaticus  Er. 

scybalarius  Nordm. 

thoracicus  {Grav.). 


84 


Philonthns  sobrinns  Er. 
paederoides  Lee. 
noviboraceusis  Horn  Mss. 

Xantholini. 

Gyropbypnus  ceplialns  Say. 
Leptolinus  ruficollis  Lee. 

nigripennis  Lee. 
Diocbus  Scbaumii  Kj'aatz. 

Paederini. 

Latbrobium  angulare  Lee.  (Cab. 

Dr.  Horn.) 

longiusculum  Ouer. 

collare  Er. 

nigricgps  Dej.  Cat. 
Cryptobium  badium  (Grav.). 

bicolor  [Grav.). 

despectum  Lee. 

pallipes  (Grav.). 
Rugilus  angularis  Er. 
Scopaeus  opacus  (Lee.). 
Litbocbaris  ocbrea  [Grav.). 

confluens  (Say). 
Dacnocbilus  angularis  Er. 
Sunius  linearis  Er. 

binotatus  Say. 

longiusciilus  Mann. 

monstrosns  Lee. 
Paederus  littorarius  Grav. 

littoreus  Zimm.  MSS.   {Cab. 
Dr.  Horn.) 

Pinophilini. 

Pinopbilus  picipes  Er. 
latipes  Er. 
parous  Lee. 
opacns  Lee. 


Palaminus  pallipes  Lee. 
testaceus  Er. 

Steuiui. 

Stenus  stygicus  Say. 

arculus  Er. 
Enaestbetus  Americanus  Er. 
Edapbns  uitidus  Lee. 

Oxytelini. 

[  Oxyporii\ 
Oxyporus  cinctus  Grav.  {v). 

[  Osorini.'\ 
Osorius  latipes  {Grav.). 

[  Oxyteli.] 
Bledins  semiferrugiueus  Lee. 
Platystetbus  americanus  Er. 
Oxytelus  sculptus  Grav. 

insignitus  Grav. 

nitidulus  Grav. 
Apocellus  longicornis  {Saelise). 

spbaericoUis  {Say). 
Trogopbloeus  n.  sp. 

Omalini. 

Corypbium  notatum  Lee. 

(Prestidae.) 

Glyptoma  costale  Er. 

Histeridae. 
(Histeridae.) 
Hololeptini. 

Hololepta  4-dentata  {Fab). 

Histeriui. 

Hister  abbreviatus  Fab. 
dcpurator  Say. 


85 


Histcr  amcricanus  Payk. 

subrotmulatus  Say. 

vernus  Say. 

caroliuus  Payk. 

Lecontei  Mars. 
Epierus  publicarius  Er. 
Tribalus  americaniis  Lee. 
Paromalus  aequalis  {Say). 

conjimctus  (Say). 

bistriatus  Br. 
Deiidrophilus  punctulatus  (Say). 


Saprini. 

Sapriniis  assimilis  Payk. 

patruelis  Lee. 
Acritus  exignus  (^r). 
Aeletes  fimetarius  Lee. 


(Murmidae). 
Murniidini. 

Mnrmidius  ovalis  (Beck.) 


SCAPHIDIIDAE. 


Scaphidinm  4-gnttatuin  Say. 


Toxidium  gammaroides  Lee. 
compressum  Zimm. 


TICHOPTERYGIDAE. 


Tricliopteryx  Haldemanii  Lee. 


NITIDULIDAE. 


Brachypteriui. 

Cercus  abdominalis  Er. 

Carpopliilini. 

Carpopliilus  hemipterus  {Linn). 
lurid  us  Er. 

Nitiduliui. 

Nitidula  ziczac  Say. 
Prometopia  6-inaculata  {Say). 
Oraosita  colon  {Linn.). 
Stelidota  geminata  {Say). 


Stelidota  8-maculata  {Say). 

Cryptarcliini. 

Cryptarcha  ampla  Er. 
Pityophagus  4-guttatus  {Fal.). 

V.  fasciatus  {Oliv.). 

obtusus  {Say). 

(Rhizophagidae.) 

Bactridium  nanum  {Er). 

Monotomini. 

Mouotoma  americanum  Aule. 


86 


TROGOSITIDAE. 


(Trogositidae.) 

Nemosoma  cylindricum  Lee. 
Trogosita  virescens  (Fab.). 

viridicyaiiea  {Fab.). 
Alindria  cylindrica  {Serv). 

teres  {Mels.). 
Tenebrioidesmauritauica(im?i.). 

nana  (Mels.). 


Tenebrioides  corticalis  (Mels.). 
marginata  (Beauv.). 
bimaculata  (Mels.). 

(Peltidae.) 
Peltini. 

Ostoma  ferruginea  (Linn.). 


COLYDIIDAE. 

Syuchitiiii. 

Syncliytodes  4-guttata  {Say). 


Syncliita  nigripennis  Lee. 


Colydiini. 

Anlonium  parallelopipeduni 
{Say). 

Bothriderini. 

Botlirideres  geminatus  Say. 


CUCUJIDAE. 


(Pasandridae.) 

Catogenus  rufus  {Fab.). 

(Cucujidae.) 

Cucujus  clavipes  Fab. 
Latliropus  sepicola  Er. 
Laeniophloeus  biguttatus  {Say). 
modestus  {Say). 


Laemopliloeus  testaceus  {Fab.). 
punctatus  Lee. 
pusillus  {Schbn.). 
ferriTgineus  {Craiz.). 
alternatus  Fab. 

Hemipeplini. 

Hemipeplus  marginipennis  Lee. 


ATOMARIIDAE. 


Cry  ptophagini. 

Tomarus  pulcliellus  Lee. 

Atomariini. 

Atomaria  ephippiata  Zinnii. 


Silvanini. 

Silvanns  advena  ( Wall.). 
surinamensis  {Linn.). 
planatus  Germ. 
imbellis  Lee. 
rectus  Lee. 


LATHRIIDAE. 

Conithassa  minuta  {Linn.).  \  Latbridius  scrrata  {Payh.). 


87 


TRITOMIDAE. 


Typhacii  fuiiuitii  (Linn.). 


(Byturidae.) 

Trixagus  unicolor  Say. 

(Dermestidae.) 
Dermestini. 

Dermestes  niibilus  Say. 
maculatus  Deg. 


DERMESTIDAE. 

Anthreiiini. 

Antlireniis  varius  Fab. 
musaeorum  {Linn.).* 

Orphilini. 

Orpliilus  ater  Er. 


BIRRHIDAE. 


(Byrrhidae.) 

Limuiclius  piinctatus  Lee. 


Limnichus  niticlulus  Lee. 
ovatus  Lee. 


(Parnidae.) 
Parniiii. 

Lutrochus  luteus  Lee. 


PARNIDAE. 


Pelonomus  obscunis  Lee. 


Lucanini. 

Lucanus  elaphus  Fah. 
dama  Thunh. 


LUCANIDAE. 


Lucanus  placidus  Say. 
Passalini. 

Passalus  coruutus,  Fat. 


SCARABAEIDAE. 

(Laparostlcti.) 
Coprini. 

\^AteucMni.'\ 

(Gymnopleuri.) 

Canthon  nigricornis  {Say). 
ebenus  {Say). 


Cantlion  dcpressipennis  Lee. 

viridis  {Beauv.). 

V.  obsoletus  {Say). 

chalcites  {Hid.). 

hudsonicus  {Forst.). 

V.  obtusidcns  {Ziegl.). 
Deltacliilum  gibbosum  {Fab.). 


*  Bred  in  cabinet  of  C.  Tnibrandt. 


88 


[Scatononii.] 
Choeridium  histeroides  (Web.). 
V.  Lecontei  Harold. 

Copraei. 

Pinotus  Carolina  {Linn.). 
Copris  anagly]iticns  Say. 

minutus  {Drury). 
Phanaeus  carnifex  [Linn.). 

nigrocyaneus  McLeay. 

Ontliophagi. 

Onthophagus  latebrosus  (Fab.). 
ovatus  (Linn.). 
granarius  Linn. 

Aphodiini. 

Apliodius  granarius  {Limi.). 

stercorosus  Mels. 

bicolor  Say. 
Ataenius  imbricatus  {Mels). 

gracilis  Ilels. 

stercorator  {Fab.). 

Bocialis  Horn. 

ovatus  Horn. 

abditus  {Hald.). 

Geotriipini. 

Bolbocerus  ferctus  {Fab.). 

Lazarus  {Fab.). 
Odontaeus  filicornis  {Say). 
Geotrupes  splendidus  {Fab.). 

Egeriei  Germ. 

Blackburnii  {Fab.). 

Acanthocerinit 

Clocotus  globosus  {Say). 


Trogini. 

Trox  tuberciilatus  {De  Geer.). 
porcatus  Say. 
punctatus  Germ. 
terrestris  Say. 
aequalis  Say. 

(Melolouthidae.) 
Diplotaxini. 

Diplotaxis  liberta  {Germ.). 

Melolontliini. 
Rhizotrogi. 

Phyllopliaga  fusca  {FroJil). 

(Pleurosticti.) 

Rutelini. 

Anomalae. 

Anomala  varians  {Fab.). 
lucicola  {Fab.). 
marginata  {Fab.). 

Rutelae. 

Peliduotae. 

Pelidnota  punctata  {Linn.). 
V.  lutea  {Oliv.). 

Dynastini. 

Cyclocepliala  immaculata  Burnt. 
Chalepus  trachypygus  Burin . 

Oryctini. 
Pentodontes. 

Ligyrus  rugiccps  Lee. 

Oryctomorphi. 

Polymoechus  brevipes  TjCC. 


89 


Oryctes. 

Strategns  antaeus  (Fab.). 
mormon  Burm. 
julianns  Burm. 

DynastinK 

Djnastes  tityus  {Linn.). 

Phileuriiii. 

Phileurus  truncatiis  {Burm.). 
valgus  {Fab.), 
cribrosus  Lcc* 


Cetonldac. 

Cctoiiini. 

(Gymnetini.) 

Allorhiiia  iiitida  {Linn.). 
mutabilis  ?  {Gory),  f 
Gymnetis  Sallci  Scli.X 

Cetoniae. 

Euryomia  sepulchralis  {Fab.). 
fulgida  {Fab.). 

Trichiui. 

Tricliius  lunulatus  Fab.  {v.). 
delta  {Forst.). 


BUPRESTIDAE. 


Buprestini. 


Chalcopliorae. 

Chalcopliora  virginiensis  Lee. 

campestris  {Saf/). 
Dicerca  divaricata  {Sai/). 

obscnra  {Fab.). 

V.  lurida  {Fab.). 
Buprestis  rufipes  Oliv. 

lineata  Fab. 
Poecilonota  thurenra  {Say). 
Melanopliila  sp.  ignot  {Cal).  Tra- 

brandt.) 
Chrysobothris  femorata  Lee. 

V.  alabamae  Gory. 


V.  4-impi-essa  Gory. 
V.  Lesueuri  Gory. 
chrysoela  Illig. 
aziirea  Lee. 
dissimilis  Gory. 

Agrilini. 

Agrilus  ruficollis  {Fab.). 
difficilis  Gory. 
granulatus  Say. 
fiillax  Say. 

Bracliyes. 

Taplirocerus  gracilis  {Say). 
Brachys  ovata  ( Web.). 


THROSCIDAE. 


Tliroscus  alienus  Br. 


*  In  Cabinet  C.  Trabraudt. 

+  Duly  fragment  of  wing  wise  found  under  bark  at  Cit3'  Park,  December,  1872. 
t  A  single  specimen  taken  in  grass  on  Annette  street  a  few  years  since,  in  cabinet  of  C.  Tra- 
brandt. 


BUL.  BUP.  see.  NAT.  ,«CI. 


(12) 


MAT,  1874. 


90 


ELATERIDAE. 


(Eucnemidae.) 
Melasini. 

Anelastes  Druryi  Kirhy. 

(Ceropliytidae.) 
Perothopini. 

Perothops  mucida  (Gi/Il). 

(Elateridae.) 
Agrypnini. 

Adelocera  discoidea  ( Web.). 

marmorata  (Fab.). 
Lacon  rectangularis  (Say). 

Chalcolepidiini. 

Chalcolepidius  viridipilis  (Say). 
Alaus  oculatus  {Linn.). 
myops  {Fab.). 

Hemirhipini. 

Hemirhipns  fascicularis  {Fab.) 

Elaterini. 

(Cardiophori.) 

Cardiophorus  amictus  Mcls. 
Drasfcerius  dorsalis  {Say). 

Monocrepidii. 

Monocrepidius  suturalis  Lee. 


Monocrepidius  auritus  {Ilbst). 
bellus  {Say). 

(Dicrepidii.) 

Dicrepidius  ramicornis  {Beauv.). 

(Ludii.) 

Orthostetlius  infuscatiis  {Germ.). 
Crigmus  texaniis  Lee. 

(Melanoti.) 

Melanotus  ignobilis  {Mels.,  Cab. 
Dr.  Horn). 
fissilis  {Say). 
communis  Harr. 
Sagittarius  Lee. 

(Athoi.) 

Athous  cucullatus  {Say). 

Corymbeti. 

Bladus  quadricollis  {Say,  Cab. 

Dr.  Horn). 
Notliodes  dubitans    {Lee.,    Cab. 

Dr.  Horn). 

Melanactes. 

Melanactes  piceus  Deg. 

(Cebrionldae.)^ 

Cebrio  bicolor  Fab. 


RHIPICERIDAE. 


Zenoa  picea  {Beauv). 


Sandalus  niger  Knock. 


.91 


(Holodidae.) 
Ilclodiiii. 

Cyphou  luodcstus  Lee. 


DASCYLLIDAE. 


rtilodactyliui. 

Ptilodiictyla  elatcrina  Guir. 


LAMPYRIDAE. 


(Lampyridae.) 
Lycini. 

Calopteroii  reticulatiim  {Fab.). 

V.  term  in  ale  Say. 
Caenia  sanguinipennis  {Say). 
Eros  mollis  Lee. 

Lampyrini. 
(Pleotomini.) 

Pleotomus  pallens  Lee. 
Photinus  corruscus  {Li int.). 

consanguineus  Lee. 

pyralis  {Linn.). 

Luciolini. 

Photuris  pensylvanicus  {Deg.). 


(Telephoridae.) 
Chauliogiiathini. 

Chauliognatlius  americanus 
{Forst.). 

marginatus  {Fah.). 

Telephoriiii. 
Telephori. 

Telephorus  scitulus  {Say). 

rectus  Mels. 

bilineatus  {Say). 
Ditemnus  bidentatus  {Say). 

Malacliidae. 
Malachiui. 

Temnopsoplius  bimaculatus 
Horn. 


CLERIDAE. 


Clerini. 

[Tilli.] 

Elasmocerus  terminatus  {Say). 
Cymatodera  inoniata  Say. 

[Cleri.'\ 

Clerus  Nutalli  {Kirly). 
Thanosimus  rosmarius  Say. 
thoracicus  Oliv. 


Enoplini. 

Cregya  vetusta(*S^j ?>?.). 

oculata  {Say). 
Orthopleura  damicornis  {Fah.). 

Corynetini. 

Corynctes  rufipes  {Fab.). 

Oupesidae. 

Cupcs  coiicolor  Wesiw. 


92 


(Ptiiiidae.) 
Ftiuini. 

Gibbiura  scotias  {Linn.). 


PTINIDAE. 


Mezinm  americaunm  (Lcq)-)- 
Ptinus  fur  {Linn.). 


Anobiini. 
(Dryopliili.) 

Eruobius  mollis  {Linn.). 
Sitodrepa  panicea  Fah. 
Trypopitys  sericeus  {Say). 


[ANOBIIBAE.] 

Xyletini. 

Eupactus  nitidus  Lee. 

punctatus  Lee. 
Hemiptycbus  punctatus  Lee. 

gravis  {Lee.). 


(BOSTRICHIDAE.) 


Bostricliiui. 


Sinoxylou  basilars  {8aij). 
Bostriclius  anniger  Lee. 


Auipliicerus  bicaudatus  {Say). 

(Lyctidae.) 

Lyctus  striatus  {Mels.). 


Cis  fuscipes  Mellie. 

pensylvanicus  Crotch. 


CIOIDAE. 


Enneathron  Mellyi  Mcll. 
Ceracis  Sallei  3IeU. 


TENEBRIONIDAE. 


(Tentyrionidae.) 
Epitragiui. 

Sclioenicus  puberulus  Lee. 

(Tenel)rionidae.) 
Teiiebrionini. 

[  Upes.'\ 

Polypleurus  perforatus  {Germ.). 
Nyctobates  pensylvanicus  {Deg.). 

barbata  {Knoch). 
Merinus  laevis  {Oliv.). 


Haplandrus  femoratus  {Fah). 
Centronopus  calcaratus  {Fah.). 
Xylopinus  aenescens  Lee. 

[Tenchrio7ii.] 

Tenebrio  obscurus  Fah. 

tenebrioides  Beauv. 

castaneus  Knoeli. 

molitor  Linn. 
Sitophagus  pallidus  {Say). 


93 


retliiiini. 
(Platyiioti.) 

Opiitriiius  iiotus  [Sai/)- 

Ulomini. 

Trilobium  ferruginenm  (Fal).). 
Gnathocerus  cornutus  {Fab.). 
Echocerus  maxillosus  {Fab.). 
Evoplus  ferrugineus  Lee. 
Tharsus  seditiosus  Lee. 
Uloma  imprcssa  Mels. 

imberbis  Lee. 

punctulata  Lee. 
Eutochia  picca  {Mels.). 

Heterotarsiui. 

Parateiietus  fnscus  Lee. 

Trachyscelini. 

Phaleria  longula  Lee. 

picipes  Say. 
Tracliyscelis  flavipes  Mels. 


Diapcriiii. 

Diapcris  hytlni  Fab. 
lloploccphala  viricliponnis  {Fab.). 

bicornis  {Oliv.). 
Platydema  cxcavatuni  {Say). 

erythrocerum  Laj). 

ruficorne  {Sturm.). 

ellipticum  {Fab.). 

cyanescens  Lap. 

flavipes  {Fab.). 

janns  {Fab.). 
Alphitophagus  bifasciatus  {Say). 

Bolitopliagiui. 

Bolitotherus  cornutus  {Fab.). 

Hclopini. 

Helops  undulatus  Lee. 
cisteloides  Ger'm. 

Meracanthini. 

Meracantha  contracta  {Br.). 

Strongyliui. 

Strongylinm  terminatuni  {Say). 


CISTELIDAE. 

Allecula  erythrocnemis  Ge7"m.      \  Hymenorus  obscnrus  (/^a?/). 

PYROCHROIDAE. 


Pyrochroa  flabellata  Fab. 
Anthicidae. 
Anthiciiii. 

Notoxus  monodoii  Fab. 


Tomoderus  constrictus  Say. 
Anthicus  floralis  Payk. 

formicarius  Lax. 

vicinns  Lax. 


MELANDRYIDAE. 


Melandryini. 

Pen  the  obliquata  {Fab.). 
Synchroa  punctata  Newm. 
Notlius  variaus  Lee. 


Melandrya  striata  Say. 
Eustrophus  bicolor  {Say). 

tomentosus  Say. 

bifasciatus  Say. 


94 


MORDELLIDAE. 


Anasjiis  fltivipeimis  Halcl. 

Mordellini. 

Mordella  oculata  Say. 

octopunctata  Fah. 
Glipa  hilaris  {Say). 
Mordellistena  aspersa  {Mels), 

postulata  {Mels). 

unicolor  Lee. 


Mordellistena  ambusta  Lcc. 
pubescens  {Fab.). 
liturata  {Mels.). 
liebraica  Lee. 
discolor  {Mels.). 

(Rhipiphoridae.) 
Rhipiphoriui. 

Rhipiphorus  limbatns  Fah. 
Sayi  Lee. 


MELOIDAE. 


Lyttini. 

Macrobasis  Fabricii  {Lee). 
Epicauta  vittata  Lee. 


Ejiicauta  cinerea  Lee. 
pensylvanica  Lcc. 
strigosa  {Seh.). 


Nacerdes  cana  Lee. 
notoxoides  Hald. 


OEDEMERIDAE. 

Asclera  ruficollis  {Say). 


Pythini. 

Boros  unicolor  Say. 


PYTHIDAE. 


SCOLYTIDAE. 


Platypini. 

Plat3'pns  4-dentatus  {Oliv.). 

Tomicini. 

Cryphalus  hispidulus  Lee. 

dissimilis  Zimm. 

mall  Fitcli. 
Xyloterns  politiis  Say. 
Xyleborus  pubescens  Zinun. 

caelatus  Eich. 

xylographus  {Say). 


Tomicus  cacographus  Lee. 

calligraplius  Germ. 

pini  {Say). 
Micracis  suturalis  Lee. 
Scolytus  4-spinosus  Say. 

(Caryat  Riley.) 

Hylurgini. 

Cliramesus  liicoriae  Lee. 
Polygraplius  rufipennis  {Kirhy). 
Ilyle.sinus  aculeatus  Say.     . 
Dendroctomus  punctatus  Lee. 
llylastes  pinil'ex  {Fi/cJi). 


95 


SPERMOPHAGIDAE. 


Myliibris  pisi  (Linn.). 
mimus  (Say). 
siuiuitns  (Sch.). 


Mylabris  obsoletus  (Say). 
Siiermoi)hagiis  Robin  iae  Schh. 
Caryoborus  artliriticiis  (Fab.). 


ANTHRIBIDAE. 


Anthribus  cornutns  Say. 
Cratoparis  lunatus  Fah. 


Tropideres  bimaculatus  (Oliv.). 
Brachytarsus  variegatus  Say. 


BKENTHIDAE. 


Eapsalis  minnta  (Drury.) 


CURCULIONIDAE. 


Rhyncopliorini. 

Sphenophorus  cariosns  Oliv. 

cicatricosus  Say. 

immunis  Say. 

inaequalis  Say. 

nubilus  GyU. 

pertinax  Oliv. 

placidus  Say. 

13-punctatus  III 

truncatus  Say. 

Sayi  GyU. 
Calandra  oryzae  (Linn.). 

remotepunctata  GyU. 
Rhyncophorus  criientatus  Fab. 

Cionini. 

Cionus  scrophulariae  Auct. 

Ceutorliynchini. 

Conotrachelus  anaglypticus  Say. 
nenuphar  (Hbst.). 
posticatus  Say. 


Cryptorliynchns  ferratus  Say. 

obliquus  Say. 
Rhyssomatiis  lineaticollis  Say. 

Brachyderini. 

Tanymecus  confusns  Say. 
Aphrastus  taeniatus  (Say). 
Compsus  auricephalus  (Say). 

Cleonini. 

Thecosternus  rectus  Lee. 
Listroderes  squamiger  (Say). 
Eudiagogus  Rosenscholdi  (Fab.). 

Mecorhyncliiui. 

Lixus  concavus  Say. 

musculus  Say. 
Lepyrus  gemellus  ICirby. 
Eudocimus  Mannerheimi  Boh. 
Hylobius  confusus  ICirby. 

pales  (Hhf.). 

stupidus  Boh. 
Pissodes  strobi  PecL 


96 


Erirhinini. 

Erirhinns  rafus  Say. 
Dorytomns  miicidus  Say. 
Autliononius  4-gibbus  Say. 

scutellaris  Lee. 
Balaninus  nasicus  Say. 

Apostasimerini. 

Analcis  aereus  Say. 


Analcis  foveolatns  Say. 

fragariae  Riley. 
Pterocolus  oratus  (Fai.). 
Baris  conlinis  Lee. 

interstitialis  Say. 

farctus  Lee. 

trinotatus  Say. 
Centrinns  penicellus  Ilbst. 

scutellum-albuni  Say. 
Madarus  uudulatus  Say. 


CERAMBYCIDAE. 


(Parandriae.) 

Parandriiii. 

Parandra  brunnea  (Fab.). 
polita  Say. 

(Prionidae.) 

Prioniui. 

Mallodon  dasystomus  (Say). 
Orthosoma  brunneum  (Forsi.). 
Prionus  laticollis  {Drury). 
fissicornis  Ilald. 

(Cerambycidae.) 

Cerambj'ciiii. 

Asemnm  moestum  Hald. 
Hylotrnpes  bajulus  [Linn.). 
Phymatodes  variabilis  [Fah.). 
Smodicum  cucnjiforme  {Say). 
Chion  garganicum  Fab. 
Eburia  4-geniinata  {Say). 
Elaphidion  atomarium  {Drury). 

villosum  {Fab.). 

iinicolor  Rand. 
Heterachthes  4-inaculatus  Newm. 


Pliyton  pallidum  {Say). 
Ancylocera  bicolor  Oliv. 
Callichroma  spleudiduni  Lee. 
Tragidion  fulvipeune  Say. 
Steuosplienus  notatiis  {Oliv.). 
Cyllene  pictus  {Drury). 

robiuiae  {Forst.). 
Calloides  nobilis  {Say). 
Arhopalus  fulminans  {Fab.). 
Xylotrechus  colonus  {Fab.). 
Neoclytns  scutellaris  {Oliv.). 

luscus  {Fab.). 

capraea  {Sny). 

muricatulus  {Kirhj). 

erytlirocephalus  {Fab.). 
Euderces  picipes  {Fab.). 

pini  {Oliv.). 
Disteiiia  uudata  ( Oliv.). 
Desmocerus  cyaueus  Fab. 

(Lepturidac.) 

Stenocorus  lineatus  {Oliv.). 
Acmacops  subpilosa  Lee. 
Strangalia  luteicornis  {Fab.). 
Typocerus  velutinus  Oliv. 
sinuatus  {Newm.). 


97 


Loptuni  oryLhroplcra  Kirhy. 

vittata  Germ. 
Bellamira  scalaris  Say. 
Ipochus  fusciatus  Lee. 

(Goidae.) 

Monohammus titillator  {Oliv.). 

scutellatus  {Say). 
Dorcasclicma  nigrum  {Say). 
Hetoemis  cinereus  {Oliv.). 
Goes  tessolatus  {Ilald.). 

pulcher  {Ilald.). 

debilis  Lee. 
Plectrodera  scalator  {Fah.). 

(Lamiadae.) 

Acanthodcrus  4-gibbiTS  Say. 
Laffochirus  obsoletus  Thorns. 


Leptoslylus  Ijiustus  Lee. 

Trabrandtii  S.  n.  sp. 
Sternidius  cinereus  Lee. 
Ilyperplatys  aspcrsus  {Say). 
Grapbisurus  fasciatus  {Deg.). 

triangulifer  Ilald. 

§§ 
Dectcs  spinosus  {Say). 

Oncideres  cingulatus  {Saij). 

Ataxia  crypta  {Say). 

llippopsis  lemniscata  {Fah.). 

Saperda  discoidea  Fah. 

lateralis  Fah. 

puncticollis  Say. 
Mecas  pergrata  {Say). 
Oberea  ocellata  Raid. 

mandarina  {Fah.). 

Scbaumii  Lee. 
Tetraopes  tetraopbthalmus  F^t. 


CHRYSOMELIDAE. 


(Donaoidae.) 
Douaciac. 

Donacia  sp. 

(Crioceridae.) 

Leniae. 

Lemini. 

Orsodacbna  Childreni  Kirhy. 
Syueta  elongata  Esch. 
Lema  collar  is  Say. 

6-punctata  ( Oliv.). 

§§ 

Cryptoceplialiiii. 

Babia  4-guttata  {Oliv.). 
Coscinoptera  dominicana  {Fah.). 
Chlamys  placata  {Frb.). 
Exema  dispar  Lac. 
Mouachus  saponatus  {Fah.). 

BUL.   BUF.   SOC.   NAT.   SCI. 


Cryptoceplialus  leucomelas  Say. 
Pachybrachys  luridus  {Fah.). 
Fidia  longipes  {Mels.) 

vitis  Walsh. 

Chrysoineliiii. 
Clirysoclius  auratus  {Fah.). 
Paria  G-notata  {Say). 

4-notata  {Say). 

atterrima  {Oliv.). 
Metachroma  dubiosa  {Say). 

interrupta  {Say). 
Colaspis  brunnca  Fah. 

picipes  Oliv. 
Cbrysoniela  juucta  Gerin. 
Gastropbysa  cyanea  Mels. 
Gonioctena  rufipes  Deg. 
Plagiodera  scripta  {Fab.). 

viridis  {Mels.). 

lapponica  {Linn.). 

(13)  MAT,  1874. 


98 


GALERUCARIDAE. 


Galeruciui. 

Cerotoma  caminea  [Fah.). 
Agelastica  halensis  {Linn). 
Monocesta  coryli  {Say). 
Diabrotica  12-piinctata  {Oliv.). 

vittata  {Fah.). 

longieoniis  {Say). 
Galeruca  cribrata  Lee. 
Galerucella  sagittariae  Gyll. 

notnlata  Fah. 
Trirliabda  tomentosa  {Linn.). 
Oedionycliis  gibbitarsis  Say. 

vians  IlUg. 
Disonycha  alternata  {IlUg.). 

peusylvanica  {Ulig.). 

6-liaeata  {Oliv.). 

abbreviata  {Mels.). 

triangularis  {Say). 

collaris  {Fal.). 

collata  {Fah.). 


Graptodera  riifa  {Linn.). 

sublineata  {Lee). 
Systena  elongata  {Fah.). 
Crepidodera  Helxines  {Linn.). 

dchracea  Lee. 
Epitrix  cucumeris  {Harr.). 

hirtipeniiis  Mels. 
Cliaetocnema  denticulata  {Ulig.). 

parcepuuctata  Crotch. 
Blepharida  rhois  {Forst.). 

(Hispae.) 

Odentota  scutellaris  {Oliv.). 
rosea  ( Weh.). 

(Cassidae.) 

Cassida  bivittata  Say. 
Coptocycla  aiirichalcea  Chev. 

guttata  ( Oliv.). 

clavata  {Fah.). 


COCCINELLIDAE. 

(Coccinellidae.) 
Securipalpes. 

[  Gymnosomides.'\ 

Coccinelliiii. 

Iklegilla  maculata  Deg. 
Hippodamia  convergens  Guer. 

parenthesis  {Say). 

obsoleta. 
Anisosticta  strigata  {Th). 
Coccinella  munda  Say. 

binotata  Say. 

affinis  Rand. 

V.  venusta  Mels. 
Cycloneda  sanguiuea  {Linn.). 


Adalia  bipunctata  {Linn.). 
Ludovicae  Muls. 

(Tricliosomidae.) 
Epilaclmiui. 

Epilachna  borealis  Fab. 

Cliilocorini. 

Cliilocorus  bivulnerus  Mels. 
Exochomus  tripustulatus. 

Hyperaspiiil. 

Psyllobora  20-maculata  {Say). 
Brachyacantha  ursina  {Fab.). 

Scymnini. 

Scymnus  fraternus  Lee. 
haemorrhous  Lee. 


99 


EROTYLIDAE. 


Langnria  hi  color  (Fah.). 
^lozardi  Lair. 

• 

V.  trifasciata  Saij. 
piincticollis  Say. 
Megalodacne  fasciata  (Fah.). 


Isehyriis  4-punctatns  (Oliv.). 
Cyrtotriplax  v-aulicas  [Horn). 

erythrocepliala  Lac. 
Triplax  thoracica  Say. 


ENDOMYCHIDAE. 

Mycetina  vittata  {Fab.).  \  Endomyclnis  biguttatiis  Say. 


100 


Catalogue  of  Bpleti  of  New  England,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Species 

BY   CHAS.    C.    FROST,   BRATTLEBORO,   YT. 

[Eead  before  t7ns  Society,  June  5, 1874.] 

1.    Boletus  pictus,*  Peck.  2.    Boletus  Ravenellii,  B.  &  C. 

3«    Boletus  salmonicolorj  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulviuate,  ■with  a  thin  edge,  soft,  very  glutinous,  brownish  tawny 
white  with  a  faint  tinge  of  red,  wine  color  when  dry,  2^  inches  broad.  Tubes 
palish  salmon  color  when  perfect,  simple,  even,  angular,  crowded,  adnate. 
Ste7n  not  large,  with  an  annulus  of  a  dirty  salmon  color,  dotted  with  bright 
ferruginous  red  above  and  sordid  below.  Flesh  tinged  with  red.  Spores 
.0084-.002O  m.  m. 

Borders  of  pine  woods.     October. 

4.  Boletus  luteusj  L. 

5.  Boletus  serotinus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  flat  convex,  viscid,  sordid  brown,  streaked  with  the  remnants  of  the  veil, 
especially  near  the  margin ;  the  edge  is  white  and  very  thin,  and  when  partly 
grown  is  singularly  pendant.  Tubes  large,  angular,  unequal,  slightly  decur- 
rent ;  at  first  sordid  white  or  gray,  sometimes  tinged  with  green  near  the  stem, 
afterwards  of  a  cinnamon  yellow.  Stejn  1}^  to  2}^  inches,  generally  reticu- 
lated from  above  to  the  annulus,  which  is  white  brownish  on  the  stem  by  the 
spores,  adhering  partly  each  to  the  pileus  and  stem;  at  maturity  just  tinged 
with  yellow.  Fksli  white,  changing  to  a  bluish  tinge.  Spores  .0105-.00G8 
m.  m. 

On  shady  grass  grounds.     Eare.     September. 

G.    Boletus  virldarius,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  somewhat  lenticular,  sometimes  fleshy  with  a  thin  border,  turning 
up  in  age,  viscid,  reddish  yellow  or  clear  pale  orange,  lighter  towards  the  edge, 

*  This  species  was  discovered  several  years  since  by  the  late  Mr.  Dennis  Murray,  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  and  named  Boletus  Murraii,  B.  &  C.  (C.  J.  Spnigue's  MSS.).  Under  this  name  I  have  dis- 
tributed it.  Receatly  it  lias  been  published  in  the  "  Grevillea,"  a  London  periodical,  as  Boletus 
Spragueii,  B.  &  C.  Mr.  Peck,  of  the  New  York  botanical  survey,  several  months  before  this 
latter,  published  it  as  Boletus  inclus.  Peck,  therefore  his  name  has  the  priority. 

BUL.  BtlP.  SOC.  NAT.  ?CI.  JUNE,  1874. 


101 

about  2  iiu'lies  broivd.  Titbcn  ratlicr  larfj^o,  angular,  decurrcnt,  compound,  2,  3 
and  4  in  one,  dull  yellow,  changing  to  cinnamon  color  in  drying.  Stem  about 
3  inches  long  and  3  or  4  lines  thick,  solid,  equal,  bright  rufous,  cribrose  at 
apex  or  often  reticulated  to  the  annulus,  which  is  yellowish  white  with  a 
rufous  edge.  FlrsJi  white,  with  a  tinge  of  yellow  in  pilous,  deeper  in  stem. 
Spores  .0089-.0042  m.  m. 

Found  as  yet  only  on  grass  plats.     October.  . 

7.  Boletus  flavidus,  Fr. 

8.  Boletus  vlscosus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinate,  very  viscid,  dirty  fuscous  red  or  dirty  tawney,  with  a  tinge 
of  purple,  edge  thin,  iuflexcd.  Tubes  generally  depressed  around  the  stem,  at 
first  whitish,  then  pale  yellowish  white,  at  length  dirty  yellow,  compound. 
Stem  short,  seldom  exceeding  ^^  of  an  inch,  thick,  whitish,  tinged  with  pale 
yellov/ish  dots  and  slightly  cribrose  at  apex  ;  the  pileus  seems  to  rest  upon  the 
ground  and  looks  at  first  sight  as  if  the  whole  was  enveloped  in  slime.  FlesJi 
pale  yellowish  white.    Spores  .007o-.0025  m.  m. 

Borders  of  pine  woods.     October  and  November. 

0.  Boletus  colliuitus,  Fr.  10.  Boletus  albus,  Pec^. 

11.  Boletus  granulatus,  i.  12.  Boletus  bovinus,  i. 

13.  Boletus  luitis,  Kromh.  14.  Boletus  cliryseuteron,  Fr. 

15.  Boletus  subtomentosus,  L.       16.  Boletus  spadiceus,  Schaeff. 

17.  Boletus  miiiiato-olivaceHS,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  at  first  vermilion  color,  then  disappearing  and  becoming  olivaceous, 
pulvinate,  smooth,  rather  soft  and  spongy,  margin  at  first  incurved,  then  ap- 
planate,  2  to  6  inches  broad.  Tubes  bright  lemon  yellow,  partly  adnate,  then 
slightly  decurrent.  Stem  light  yellow,  generally  not  always  lurid  at  base,  very 
smooth,  enlarges  as  it  enters  the  pileus,  about  }£  to  3^  of  an  inch  thick.  FlesJi 
yellow,  changing  to  blue,  the  pileus  less  yellow  than  in  stem.  Spores  .0125- 
.OOGSm.m. 

Borders  of  woods.    July  and  August. 

18.  Boletus  speciosus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  scarlet  lake  red,  at  first  globose,  then  pulvinate,  smooth,  3  to  7  inches 
broad.  I'ubes  bright  lemon  yellow,  small,  stuffed  when  young,  adnate.  Stem 
rather  large,  and  somewhat  bulbous,  often  2  inches  thick,  yellow  and  reticu- 
lated, generally  red  at  base.  Flesh  palish  yellow,  changing  to  blue.  Spores 
.0136-.0052  m.  m. 

In  rich  woods.     August. 


O' 


102 

19.  Boletus  rubeus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  flat  convex,  rather  thin  edge,  at  first  iuflexed,  extended,  turning  up  in 
age,  bright  brick  red  when  young,  afterwards  mottled  with  red  and  yellow, 
very  finely  adpressed  subtomentose,  yellow  under  cuticle.  Tubes  bright  lemon 
yellow  when  young,  stuffed,  afterwards  yellow,  and  sometimes  with  red 
mouths,  generally  adnate,  but  sometimes  with  a  slight  depression.  Stem 
small,  often  flexuous,  brick  red  or  mottled  as  pileus,  white  tomentose  at  base. 
Fleslh  yellow  pale  in  pileus  and  tinged  reddish  in  stem,  changing  to  blue. 
Spores  .0095-,0042  m.  m. 

In  deep  woods.     Rare.     August. 

20.  Boletus  Spraguei,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  quite  hard,  very  dark  russet  or  brown,  covered  with  a  minute  velvety 
scurf.  Tubes  very  minute,  yellow  ochre  or  brownish  when  cut,  around  the 
mouths  of  a  rich  dark  maroon  color,  which  forms  a  strong  contrast  with  the 
light  color  of  stem,  adnate  when  young.  Stem  dark  brown  below,  croceous  at 
top,  smooth  above,  minutely  velvety  below,  firm,  fleshy,  slightly  contracted  in 
the  middle.  Flesh  white,  changing  to  blue,  texture  firm  and  fine.  The  rich 
color  of  the  pore  mouths  contrasting  with  the  yellow  stem,  makes  it  quite  dis- 
tinct from  other  species.    Spores  .0105-.00G2  m.  m. 

• 

In  ricli  woods.    July  and  August. 

21.  Boletus  luridus,  Scliaeff. 

22.  Boletus  Frostii,  Russell. 

Pileus  convex,  thin  edge,  blood  red,  polished,  shining,  3  to  4  inches  broad. 
Tubes  greenish,  with  blood  red  mouths  or  when  in  great  perfection  cinnabar 
red,  turning  yellowish  brown  in  age,  not  quite  adnate.  Stem  blood  red,  firm, 
unequal,  enlarges  downwards,  sometimes  flexuous  at  base,  deeply  reticulated. 
The  tubes  and  stem  lose  their  blood  red  color  in  drying.  Flesh  scarcely 
changes  to  blue.    Spores  .0126-.0043  m.  m. 

In  grass  land  under  trees.    August. 

23.  Boletus  alveolatus,  B.  &  C. 

Pileus  convex,  smooth,  bright  crimson  or  maroon  or  lighter  with  patches  of 
yellow,  3  to  6  inches  broad.  Tubes  distinct,  separable,  yellow  with  maroon 
colored  mouths,  about  J^  inch  long,  attached  to  stem  and  gradually  losing 
themselves  in  a  superficial  network  on  its  surface.  The  walls  of  pores  which 
extend  down  over  the  surface  are  bright  red  with  yellow  stains.  The  convex- 
ity of  the  mass  is  broken  by  indentations  of  more  or  less  depths.  Stem  3  to  4 
inches  long,  %  of  an  inch  thick,  very  rough  with  the  margins  of  rather  coarse 


103 

Bubroticulatecl  depressions.  Flcsli  solid,  firm, -white,  clianging  to  blue.  It  is 
distinguished  at  some  distance  by  its  l)rilliant  and  shining  niaroou  crimsoa 
pileus.    Spores  yellowish  brown,  .0147-.00-47  m.m. 

lu  (lamp  woods.    August. 

24.  Boletus  flnnus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinate,  solid,  and  very  firm,  gray,  slightly  tomentose,  often  lacu- 
nose,  2%  to  4  inches  broad.  Tubes  yellow,  mouths  tinged  with  red,  unequal, 
deeply  arcuate,  adnate.  Stem  solid,  hard,  3  to  4  inches  long,  yellowish  reddish 
at  base,  very  finely  reticulated,  tlesh  deep  yellow  or  yellowish,  changing  to 
blue.  A  readily  distinguislied  species  from  its  tenacity  and  generally  distorted 
growth.    Spores  .0125-.0033  m.  m. 

In  rich,  moist  woods.    July. 

25.  Boletus  magiiisporus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinate,  golden  tomentose,  firm,  2J^  to  d}4  inches  broad.  Tubes 
greenisli  yellow,  with  light  cinnabar  red  colored  mouths,  scarcely  adnate,  even. 
Stem  slender,  long,  yellow  above  and  red  below.    Spores  .O1C8-.00G3  m.  m. 

In  woods  and  thickets.     September. 

26.  Boletus  decorus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinate,  brownish  tinged  with  red,  tomentose,  tolerably  firm.  Tubes 
yellow,  becoming  free,  turning  green  when  cut.  Stem  brownish,  red,  fine 
scurfy,  bulbous,  sometimes  the  bulb  is  attenuated  at  base  and  white.  FlesJi 
white,  unchanging.  The  edge  of  the  pileus  is  often  dark  with  a  red  tinge. 
Spores  .0136-.0053  m.  m. 

In  rich  woods.     September. 

27.  Boletus  tenuiculus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  almost  plane,  thin,  lurid  red  on  a  yellow  ground,  1  to  3  inches  broad. 
Tubes  rather  golden  yellow,  small,  short  adnate.  Stem  4  to  6  inches  long,  slen- 
der,  equal,  colored  as  pileus.    Flesh  unchanging.    Spores  .0105-.OOG3  m.  m. 

In  woods.    August. 

28.  Boletus  aurispoi'us,  Peck. 

29.  Boletus  innixus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  flat  convex,  smooth,  yellowish  brown,  slightly  areolated  when  old, 
yellow  in  the  interstices.  Tubes  lemon  yellow,  unchanging,  adnate.  Stem 
slender,  short,  in  large  specimens  very  much  thickened  at  base,  yellowish 
streaked  with  brown.  Flesli,  white  in  pileus,  brownish  in  stem.  The  whole 
often  reclines  as  if  for  support.    Sporxs  .0105-.00j2  m.m. 

In  grassy  woods.    July. 


104 

30.  Boletus  Koxanae,  u.  sp. 

Pileus  flat  convex,  yellowish  brown,  fasciculated  rod  pilose,  subtomentose 
wlien  young.  Tubes  at  first  wbitisli,  then  light  yellow,  not  large,  falling  away 
around  the  stem,  or  arcuate  adnata.  Stem  light  cinnamon  or  weak  gamboge 
color,  striate  at  apex,  thickened  downwards,  and  subtuberous.  Flesh  yellowish 
white,  just  tinged.     ISporcs  .0105-.0042  m.  m. 

Borders  of  woods.    August  and  September. 

31.  Boletus  Russellii,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinate  if  expanded,  otherwise  thick  hemispherical,  fasciculate  red 
pilose  on  a  yellow  ground,  2  to  4  inches  broad.  Titbes  dirty  yellow  or  yellow- 
ish green,  rather  large,  nearly  adnate,  often  depressed  around  the  stem.  Stem 
very  long  3  to  6  inches  in  most  specimens,  small  at  apex,  increasing  down- 
wards, red,  rough  with  the  margins  of  a  sharp  network  of  alveolate  depres- 
sions and  in  some  measure  from  the  breaking  up  of  the  epidermis.  Flesh 
yellowish,  unchanging.    Spores  .0147-.0084  m.  m. 

In  rocky  woods.    July. 

32.  Boletus  retipes,  B.  &  C.  33.    Boletus  allinis,  Peck. 

34.  Boletus  edulis,  Bull. 

35.  Boletus  limatulus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  nearly  flat,  thin,  smooth,  of  a  rich  yellowish  brown,  viscid  when  moist, 
somewhat  polished  and  shining  when  dry,  1  to  2}^  inches  broad.  Tubes  color 
as  pileus,  greenish  yellow  inside,  falling  away  around  the  stem.  Stem  not 
large,  subtuberous,  color  as  pileus.  Flesh  when  cut  reddish  in  pileus  darker 
in  stem.    Spores  .0147-.0047  m.  m. 

In  woods.    June  and  July 

36.  Boletus  robustus,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  at  first  globose,  then  pulvinate,  large,  3  to  10  inches  broad  and  1  to  IJ^ 
inches  thick,  chocolate  color,  fleshy,  and  so  svicculent  that  it  is  difiicult  to  dry 
and  preserve.  Tubes  long,  perhaps  of  a  lighter  color  than  pileus,  when  young 
and  in  fresh  specimens  with  a  purple  tinge,  especially  near  the  margin.  Stem 
robust,  reddish  chocolate,  very  minutely  scurfy,  even,  tapering  suddenly  at 
base.    Flesh  reddish  white.    Spores  .0147-.0084  m.  m. 

In  woods  and  thickets.    July  and  August. 

37.  Boletus  gracilis,  PecA;.  38.    Boletus  piperatus,  i>«^?. 

39.    Boletus  ferrug'iiieus,  n.  sp.' 

Pileus  pulvinate,  soft,  dark  reddish  brown,  subtomentose,  3  to  6  inches  broad. 
Tubes  at  first  dirty  white,  mouths  brownish  l)y  the  spores,  generally  adnate. 
Stem  dark  brown,  short,  reticulated,  often  slightly  tuberous.  Flesli  perfectly 
white,  unchanging.    Spores  .0115-.00G3  m.  m. 

Borders  of  Avoods  under  trees.     September. 


105 

40.  Bolotns  piillidiis,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  afr  first  convex,  then  flat,  depressed,  pallid  browniyh  white,  sometimes 
with  a  tinge  of  red,  IJ^  to  A%  inches  broad.  Tuhcs  pale  yellow,  almost  white, 
separating  easily  from  the  pileus,  not  quite  adnate,  the  part  not  so  often  tinged 
with  green.  Stem  whitish,  streaked  with  brown  lines,  somewhat  enlarged  at 
base,  3  to  5  inches  long.  Fleali  white  in  pileus,  tinged  with  red  in  stem,  the 
tubes  changing  to  blue.    Spores  .0105-.0065  m.  m. 

In  woods.    August  and  September. 

41.  Boletus  sordidnsj  n.  sp. 

Pileus  pulvinato,  dirty  dark  brown,  subtomcntose,  about  2  inches  broad. 
Tubes  at  first  white,  long,  not  quite  adnate,  turning  bluish  green.  tStem  brown- 
ish, streaked  very  dark,  smaller  as  it  enters  the  pileus,  generally  green  around 
the  part  not  adnate.  Flesh  white,  now  and  then  tinged  with  green.  Spores 
.0136-.0052m.m. 

On  recent  excavations  in  woods.    July. 

42.  Boletus  chromapes,  n.  sp. 

Pileus  flat  convex,  slightly  tomentose,  which  is  sometimes  fasciculated,  pale 
vermilion,  2  to  3  inches  broad,  l^ibes  at  first  white,  within  light  brown^. after- 
wards brown,  lialf  adnate.  Stem  whitish,  colored  by  the  brown  yellowish 
spores,  near  the  apex  with  a  slight  tinge  of  vermilion,  chrome  yellow  at  base, 
most  often  flexuous,  thickened  somewhat  downwards.  Flesh  white,  unchang- 
ing.   Spores  .0126-.0052  m.  m. 

In  woods.     July. 

43.  Boletus  yersipellis,  Fi:  44.    Boletus  scaber,  Bull. 
45.    Boletus  felleus,  Bull.  46.    Boletus  castaneus,  Bull. 
47.    Boletus  cyanescens,  Bull. 

BUX.    BUP.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (14)  JUNK,    1874. 


106 


IV.    On  the  Species  of  Helicopis  inhabiting  the 
Valley  of  the  Amazon 

BY   AUG.  E.  GROTE. 

[Read  before  tJiis  Society,  March  6, 1874.] 

More  than  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  ago  the  earliest 
known  species  of  the  singular  and  beautiful  genus  Helicopis  was 
observed  by  Madam  Merian,  and  figures  of  this  species,  the  Heli- 
copis Cupido  {Linn.),  are  given  in  her  work  on  the  Insects  of 
Surinam.  A  second  species,  Helicopis  Acis,  is  described  by 
Fabricius,  in  1781,  from  Brazil.  A  third,  Helicopis  Endymion,  is 
indicated  by  Cramer,  in  1783,  from  Surinam,  and  re-described  by 
Dr.  Felder  in  1865,  as  cited  by  W.  F.  Kirby  in  1871,  in  whose 
Catalogue  the  genus  Helicopis  {Fahr.,  1807)  is  credited  with  the 
three  species  above  mentioned. 

Madam  Merian  observed  the  larva  of  H.  Cupido,  feeding  on  the 
cotton  plant,  and  gives  three  figures  of  the  insect'  in  her,  critically 
speaking,  admirable  work.  The  figure  of  the  caterpillar  reminds 
one  curiously  of  that  of  Aletia  argillacea  {Anomis  xylina)  observed 
in  the  Southern  States. 

Of  all  the  older  writers  on  Entomology,  it  is  Madam  Merian 
that  affects  us  most.  Her  occupation  in  1699  and  1700,  in  Surinam, 
and  before  that  as  far  back  as  1679,  in  Europe,  might  seem  a 
strange  one,  alike  for  the  times  she  lived  in  and  for  her  sex. 
Charles  the  Second  was  King  of  England;  but  in  the  United 
Netherlands  science  had  commenced  an  early  bloom.  Five  Uni- 
versities had  been  founded  between  1557  and  1648,  and  while  the 
close  of  the  Thirty  Years  War  found  Germany  prostrated,  the 
States  General  had  encouraged  the  study  of  Natural  History  and 
were  ^listening     to    Schwammerdan    and    Spinoza    and    looking 

1  "Haec  die  9.  Junii  in  nympliam  transformata,  exin  die  24.  Julii  facta  est  papllio,  argenteis 
pnniceisque  macnlis  superbiens."    Menan  I.  c. 


107 

through  Jaiisen's  glasses.  Rembrandt  had  died  in  1G74,  and  per- 
haps liad  exercised  an  influence  to  be  seen  even  in  tlie  Frontispiece 
to  Madam  ]\Ierian's  work.  Meanwhile  this  woman  pursued  lier 
life-task  with  high  resolve  and  courage.  She  visited  Dutch  Guiana 
at  a  time  when  such  a  voyage  implied  much  more  sacrifice  of  com- 
fort and  time  than  it  does  to-day,  and  on  a  mission  then  neither  so 
popular  nor  so  honorably  considered.  But  in  her  Preface — Maria 
Sibylla  Merian  ad  Lectorem— she  gives  the  reason  for  the  faith  that 
is  in  her.  "Insectis  jam  ab  ipsa  juventute  mea  examinandis  occu- 
pata"  is  her  confession,  and  her  quaint  and  simple  remark  preludes 
a  number  of  observations  on  the  transformations  of  Insects,  that  no 
one  has  since  equalled  in  the  same  number  of  days  or  months,  even 
in  a  climate  much  more  propitious  for  such  labor  than  that  of 
Surinam,  or  with  book  knowledge  and  appliances  much  more  per- 
fect than  those  of  the  17th  century.  From  the  historical  back- 
ground of  the  Natural  Sciences,  it  is  a  woman's  face  looking  to  us 
for  well  earned  remembrance. 

Mr.  Charles  Linden  found  Helicopis  Cupido,  both  in  March  and 
August,  in  the  vicinity  of  Para.  The  butterfly  frequented  the 
tide-water  ditches,  not  far  from  the  river  shore,  and  was  usually 
found  in  repose  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves  of  bush-like  caladium 
plants  which  commonly  fringe  these  ditches.  Of  all  the  butterflies 
observed  by  Mr.  Linden,  the  species  of  Helicopis  seemed  most 
sluggish.  They  were,  however,  readily  roused  by  striking  the 
bushes  sheltering  them,  when  they  took  to  lazy  flight,  seeking 
quickly  a  fresh  place  for  repose.  Mr.  Linden  tells  me  that  the 
natives  have  a  distinct  name  for  the  species  of  Helicopis,  signifying 
"  love  butterfly."  This  name  may,  however,  not  be  derived  from 
the  lingoa  geral,  although  the  Indians  are  better  naturalists  than 
the  negroes. 

In  August  Mr.  Linden  found  specimens  of  Helicopis  Acis,  as 
well  as  the  more  usual  Helicopis  Cupido,  and  at  the  same  time 
specimens  of  both  sexes  of  a  hitherto  unnamed  species,  which  I 
call  Helicopis  Liudeni,  in  honor  of  its  discoverer,  whose  scientific 
explorations  on  the  Amazonas  have  been  attended  with  the  success 
Avhich  waits  upon  endurance  and  enthusiasm.  This  fourth  species 
of  the  genus  is  as  large  as  Helicopis  Endymion,  or  Acis,  and  con- 
sequently larger  than  Helicopis  Cupido,  Avhich  latter  it  more  nearly 


108 

resembles  in  the  sexual  diiferences  in  coloration.  It  differs  at  once 
from  all  three  by  the  absence  of  the  Terias-like  black  margins  to 
the  primaries. 

Tt  seems  almost  certain  that  at  least  a  single  female  specimen  of 
Helicopis  Lindeni  is  contained  in  the  Entomological  cabinets  of 
Vienna;  for  in  a  paper  entitled,  "Specimen  fimnae  lepidopterolo- 
gicae  riparnm  fluminis  Negro  superioris  in  Brasilia  septentrionali," 
C.  and  R.  Felder  refer  to  a  doubtful  variety  of  Helicopis  Cupido  in 
terms'  which  sufficiently  apply  to  Mr.  Linden's  butterfly.  Whether 
our  surmise  in  this  respect  is  correct  or  not,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  of  the  validity  of  Helicopis  Lindeni,  both  sexes  of  which  are 
illustrated  in  the  present  article. 

Helicopis  Lindeni  Qrote.    Plate  2,  figs.  1,  3  <5 ,  3,  4  ?  . 

$  $  . — Above  the  primaries  are  pale  ochery  white,  without  bor- 
ders; in  the  male  suffused  with  yellow  at  base  and  with  a  narrow 
terminal  ocher  shade  Avidening  to  the  apices.  The  hind  Avings  are 
stained  with  ocherous,  more  deeply  so  in  the  male,  with  whitish 
tips  to  the  "  tails,"  and  a  narrow  terminal  gilding  Avithin  the  pale 
emarginations ;  the  fringing  is  deep  ocherous.  There  are  depres- 
sions on  the  tegument  answering  to  the  metal  spots  beneath.  On 
the  under-surface  the  fore  Avings  are  Avithout  borders,  pale  ocher 
Avhite  in  the  female,  and  in  the  male  Avitli  yellow  ocher  base  shading 
into  black  someAvhat  as  in  H.  Oupido,  but  less  distinctly,  the  black 
color  being  undefined  and  not  so  medially  produced  about  veins  3 
and  4 ;  the  fringes  are  ocherous,  as  is  the  costal  region  of  the  $ 
primary.  The  terminal  margin  shoAvs  an  ocherous  linear  shade, 
including  gilded  scales.  The  hind  Avings  beneath  are  pale  ocherous, 
darker  in  the  male,  and  both  sexes  shoAV  the  usual  three  series  of 
metallic  spots.  These  are,  hoAvever,  comparatively  larger  and  purely 
argent  in  the  new  species,  the  costal  spots  ringed  with  deep  ocher- 
ous, and  not  darkly  annulate  as  in  H.  Cupido.  The  body  parts  are 
unusually  pallid,  and  the  antennae  annulate  as  in  the  other  species. 
The  neAV  species  is  larger  than  H.  Cupido,  expanding  the  male  46, 
the  female  48  m.  m. 

2  "  Unicam  feminam  accepimus.  Multum  haereinus,  varietas  an  aberratio  sit.  Brasiliensibns 
quarta  fere  parte  major  est,  pagina  utraque  alarum  albida,  passim  ochraceo  tincta,  alae  anticae 
apud  basin  testaceum  ostendunt  colorem,  cilia  alba  sunt,  maculae  submarginales  baud  plumbeae 
sed  argenteae,  maculae  elevatae  paginae  inferioris  alarum  posticarum  argenteae  et  aequalibua 
separatae  intervallis."    AV.  E.  M.,  Band  VI,  S.  70. 


109 


V.    Descriptions  of  New  Noctuidae 

BY   H.    K.    MORRISON",   CAMBRIDGE,   MASS. 

[Read  before  this  Society,  June  5, 1874.] 

Genus  LUCERIAj  v.  Ileinemann. 
Luceria'  Btir^essi  (no v.  sp.). 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.     Length  of  body,  17  m.  ni. 

Eyes  naked,  without  hairy  lashes.  Palpi,  front  and  vertex  dark  brown. 
Front  rounded  ;  densely  and  evenly  clothed.  Antennae  of  the  male  with  fine 
hairy  fringes.  Collar  and  thorax  dark  brown  ;  the  former  lighter  at  its  base  ; 
the  latter  with  its  villosity  dense,  but  smoothly  stroked,  without  tufts  or 
crests.  Abdomen  lighter,  tinged  with  yellow,  without  hairy  tufts.  Legs  dark 
brown,  not  spinose ;  the  joints  of  the  tarsi  showing  contrasting  light  rings. 
Anterior  wings  with  the  sub-basal  and  subterminal  spaces  carneous  or  brownish 
cinereous,  shading  into  blackish  brown  towards  the  costa,  which  is  of  this 
color  along  its  entire  course,  with  the  exception  of  three  or  four  light  subapical 
dots.  Median  and  terminal  spaces  dark,  slightly  purplish  brown.  Basal  line 
present.  Interior  line  geminate,  its  inner  line  faint,  the  outer  black,  distinct, 
dentate,  very  strongly  so  on  the  submedian  nervure,  below  which  it  is  pro- 
duced in  a  spade-shaped  tooth.  A  narrow  black  longitudinal  basal  line  be- 
neath the  submedian  nervure,  and  opposite  to  the  apex  of  this  tooth.  Median 
shade  narrow  and  dentate  below,  broader  and  more  diffused  on  the  disc,  adja- 
cent to  the  reniform  spot.  Orbicular  of  medium  size,  kidney-shaped  and  con- 
colorous,  surrounded  by  a  fine  black  line.  A  black  dash  sometimes  extends 
from  it  to  the  interior  line.  Reniform  of  the  usual  shape,  carneous  cinereous, 
with  a  light  irregular  central  shade.  Exterior  line  geminate  ;  its  inner  line 
black  and  distinct,  of  the  usual  form,  acutely  dentate,  but  not  forming  any 
very  prominent  teeth.  Exterior  and  interior  lines  connected  between  the  me- 
dian and  submedian  nervures  by  a  conspicuous  black  line,  becoming  broader 

'  Mr.  Morrison  has  kindly  permitted  me  to  change  his  MS.  generic  determinations  of  Luperina 
in  this  and  the  following  species.  While  referring  several  of  Lcderer's  Luperinas  to  Hadena,  v. 
Hcinemann,  without  any  reference  to  Ledcrer's  genus,  takes  the  European  virens  as  the  type  of 
Lucena,  to  which  genus  then,  as  will  appear  from  Mr.  Morrison's  observations,  our  two  hith- 
erto undescribed  species  belong.  For  Lederer's  Group  B,  not  occurring  within  the  geograph- 
ical limits  embraced  by  v.  Heinemann's  work,  the  terra  Lederena  may  obtain.  No  American 
species  have  been  hitherto  noticed.  As  yet  no  species  of  Apamea  Led.  (nee  Guen.)  are  de- 
scribed from  our  territory.  I  have  pointed  out  elsewhere  that  for  this  genus  the  term  Luperina 
Bdc,  should  probably  ohi-Ahi.—Orote. 


110 

as  it  joins  tlie  exterior  line.  Subterminal  line  very  irregular,  jagged  and  con- 
spicuous on  account  of  the  contrast  of  color  between  the  terminal  and  sub- 
terminal  spaces.  It  forms  particularly  two  Hadena-Yike  teeth  along  the  second 
and  third  median  branches.  Nervules  black  in  the  terminal  space.  Posterior 
wings  white,  tinged  slightly  with  yellow.  Nervules  at  their  termination 
blackish,  thus  giving  the  wings  a  narrow  irregular  terminal  band.  Anterior 
wings  beneath,  dark  fuscous,  lighter  along  the  inner  margin ;  traces  of  the 
exterior  line.  Posterior  wings  beneath,  yellowish  white,  distinctly  yellow  at 
the  base  and  along  the  costa. 

Habitat,  Tuckernuck  Island,  near  Nantucket.  Four  specimens 
taken  by  Mr.  Bigelow,  and  now  in  the  collections  of  Edward  Bur- 
gess and  H.  K.  Morrison. 

This  and  the  following  species  are  quite  different  in  color  from 
the  only  European  species  of  the  genus  I  have  ( Virens,  Linn.). 
But  their  generic  characters  agree  exactly  Avith  those  of  Luperina, 
Led.,  and  I  have  no  hesitation  in  referring  them  there. 

L.  Burgessi  can  be  distinguished  by  the  white  posterior  wings, 
and  the  black  dash  connecting  the  median  lines  of  the  anterior 
wings.  The  basal  submedian  line  and  the  jagged  subterminal  are 
also  good  characters.  It  has  a  superficial  resemblance  to  Dryohota 
fibulata,  from  which  it  can  be  separated  by  the  absence  of  bristly 
eye  lashes,  the  untufted  abdomen,  and  the  white  posterior  wings. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  new  species  to  Mr.  Edward 
Burgess,  Secretary  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  a 
most  careful  student,  and  naturalist. 


Luceria  loculata  (nov.  sp.). 
Expanse,  36  m.  m.    Length  of  hody,  18  m.  m. 

Eyes  naked,  without  bristlj'  lashes.  Male  antennae  setiform,  the  fringes 
extremely  fine.  Thorax  dark  grayish  or  carneoua  brown,  the  vertex  and  front 
almost  black.  Anterior  wings  dull  carneous  grayish  brown,  with  the  terminal 
space  and  the  wings  adjoining  the  nervules,  particularly  in  the  median  space, 
dull  black,  with  a  slight  purple  reflection  in  certain  lights.  Interior  line,  sin- 
gle, subobsolete,  dentate,  forming  two  broad  teeth  between  the  median  and 
submedian  nervures,  and  tlie  latter  and  the  inner  margin.  The  ordinary  spots 
give  the  only  strongly  marked  characteristics  of  the  wings  ;  the  orbicular  and 
reniform  are  concolorous  and  contained  in  a  shade  of  the  ground  color  situa- 
ted between  the  two  blackish  shade  lines  following  the  subcostal  and  median 
nervures.    The  orbicular  varies  in  shape ;  it  is  sometimes  round,  again  it  is 


Ill 

more  or  less  elongated,  and  in  one  specimen  almost  reduced  to  a  black  line; 
it  is  surroundfd  by  a  more  or  less  distinct  black  annulus.  lleniform  of  the 
ordinary  form,  encircled  with  black,  in  one  specimen  with  a  central  darker 
shade,  in  the  others  concolorous.  The  claviform  spot  is  very  conspicuous,  re- 
duced to  a  thick,  short,  deep  black  line.  Exterior  line  of  usual  form,  indis- 
tinctly geminate,  inwardly  sharply  indented  between  the  nervules  and  with  a 
noticeably  long  and  sharp  tooth  on  the  submedian  nervule.  Subterminal  line 
geminate,  set  off  by  the  contrasting  terminal  space;  it  forms  a  sharp  inward 
tooth  on  the  first  median  nervule,  below  which  it  regularly  curves  outwardly 
and  is  again  produced  into  a  blunt  tooth  just  above  and  before  the  inner  angle. 
A  black  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringe,  forming  dots  between  the  nervules. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  a  very  broad,  dark,  diffused,  terminal  band. 
Beneath,  the  anterior  wings  are  dark  fuscous  gray,  lighter  at  the  base,  and 
the  costa  dull  carneous.  A  thick,  black  exterior  line  common  to  both  wings. 
Posterior  wings  lighter  gray,  with  a  terminal  dark  band  and  discal  dot. 

Var.  a  conspicua  (uov.  var.). 

In  this  form  the  orbicular  is  round  and  with  the  reniform  filled  with  light 
gray.  Claviform  as  in  the  typical  species.  A  light  grayish,  slightly  carneous 
shade  extends  from  the  base  below  the  claviform  spot,  to  the  terminal  space, 
and  also  fills  the  subterminal  space  to  the  fifth  subcostal  nervule  (veinlet  6  of 
the  German  entomologists) ;  above  this  the  subterminal  space  is  blackish, 
together  with  the  terminal  and  upper  part  of  the  median  spaces.  The  rest  of 
the  markings  as  in  loculata. 

Hob.,  Mass.,  New  York.  Four  specimens  examined  and  one  of 
the  var.  conspicua. 

Collections  of  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  and  H.  K.  Morrison. 

At  first  view  the  specimen  of  the  variety  would  hardly  be  placed 
with  the  usual  form,  and  looks  distinct,  but  the  differences  are 
mainly  of  color  and  the  specific  characters  agree  with  those  of  the 
type. 

Loculata  can  be  distinguished  from  resembling  species  of  neigh- 
boring genera,  by  the  generic  differences  given  under  Burgessi. 
The  claviform  gives  the  best  character,  the  species  can  at  once  be 
recognized  by  that.  The  dull,  faded,  carneous  gray  and  blackish 
shades  can  also  be  used  to  separate  the  normal  form. 


112 


Genus  DRYOBOTA,  Lederer. 

Dryobota  iibulata  (uov.  sp.). 

Expanse,  36  m.  m.     Length  of  body,  15  m.  m. 

Eyes  naked,  with  strong  bristly  lasbes.  Palpi  blackisb  witli  intermixed 
gray  hairs,  third  joint  cylindrical,  distinct.  Front  and  vertex  gray.  Collar 
arched,  dark  gray,  with  an  evident  central  black  line ;  the  upper  edge  of  the 
collar  whitish.  Thorax  square  with  an  angular  projection  on  each  side,  and  a 
flat,  longitudinally  furrowed  fore  and  hind  tuft  above ;  the  front  of  the  tuft 
is  marked  in  the  same  manner  as  the  collar,  that  is  to  say,  gray,  with  a  black 
central  line  and  tipped  with  white.  Thorax  mixed  gray  and  white  beneath  ; 
beneath  the  angular  projection  in  tbe  sides  there  is  a  clear  white  spot.  Abdo- 
men with  four  strong  tufts,  the  third  the  most  prominent,  vertical,  rounded 
behind ;  the  fourth  is  horizontal  and  square  behind.  Anterior  wings  with 
light  gray  and  blackish  fields.  A  short  basal  longitudinal  dash  between  the 
median  and  submedian  nervures.  Ground  color  of  the  basal  and  sub-basal 
spaces  light  gray  with  numerous  darker  and  brownish  gray  discolorations ; 
shades  of  the  latter  color  are  also  to  be  found  in  and  around  the  orbicular  and 
beyond  the  reniform.  Interior  line  irregular,  thickened  opposite  the  orbicular, 
which  it  adjoins,  then  nearly  straight  to  the  submedian  nervure,  below  which 
it  forms  a  spade-shaped  tooth.  Median  space  blackish  gray,  with  various 
lighter  and  brownish  gray  spots.  Orbicular  of  medium  size,  light  gray,  with 
central  brownish  gray  shades ;  forming  a  perfect  ellipsis,  its  major  axis  par- 
allel to  the  fourth  median  nervule.  Median  nervure  and  its  branches  blackish, 
beneath  the  former,  the  claviform  spot  distinct,  large,  concolorous,  triangular,  is 
outlined  in  black.  Its  lower  side  forming  part  of  a  black  dash  which  connects 
the  interior  and  exterior  lines.  Reniform  spot  large,  indistinctly  outlined 
outwardly,  light  gray,  with  a  crescent-shaped  brownish  gray  internal  shade. 
Exterior  line  indistinctly  geminate,  dentate,  of  usual  shape.  Subterminal 
space  whitish  gray,  darker  costally ;  terminal  space  dark  gray,  separated  from 
the  former  by  a  white  line  following  the  lobate  black  subterminal  line,  both 
more  distinct  near  and  at  the  costa.  The  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringe  dentate, 
connected  with  short  lines  which  extend  inward  between  the  nervules.  Pos- 
terior wings  uniform  dark  gray,  without  lines  or  spots.  Beneath  both  wings 
dark  gray,  the  anteriors  nearly  uniformly  colored  ;  the  posteriors  lighter  at  the 
base  with  a  distinct  discal  dot  and  faint  line. 

Hah.,  Quebec,  Can.    In  my  collection  from  Prof,  F.  X.  Belanger. 

Our  first  species  of  Dryobota,  is  perhaps  separated  with  the  greatest 
facility  from  the  species  it  resembles  most,  by  its  generic  charac- 
ters.    It  has  somewhat  the  color  and  markings  of  Mamestra  atlan- 


113 

tica,  Grote(IIad.  W.  liiiinum  J,  of  authors),  excepting  the  W-sliaped 
marking  of  tlie  subterminal  line.  From  this  species  it  can  also  be 
distinguished  by  the  angular  projection  on  the  sides  of  the  thorax, 
by  the  non-hairy  eyes  with  lashes  and  the  thoracic  tuft. 


Genua  MAMESTRA,  Ochsenheimer. 

Mamestra  assimilis  (nov.  sp.)- 

Expanse,  38  m.  m.    Length  of  body,  18  m.  ra. 

Front  and  palpi  black.  Eyes  hairy.  Thorax  and  collar  black,  the  former 
without  tufts.  Abdomen  conical,  gray,  with  a  flattened  hairy  tuft  on  the  first 
segment,  and  the  usual  lateral  tufts,  which  together  with  the  anus  are  tinged 
with  carneous.  Anterior  wings  dead  black  ;  lines  subobsolete,  clear  black  ; 
spots  concolorous,  surrounded  by  fine  intense  black  lines  ;  beneath  the  median 
nervure  a  slender  basal  longitudinal  streak.  Interior  line  most  prominent  on 
the  costa,  forming  there  an  angle  the  apex  of  which  nearly  reaches  to  the 
orbicular  spot ;  below,  the  line  is  produced  in  a  regular  curve  between  the 
median  and  submedian  nervures  ;  from  the  center  of  this  curve  projects  the 
the  claviform  spot,  small,  acutely  triangular  and  very  distinct ;  below  the  sub- 
median  nervure  the  line  forms  a  spade-shaped  tooth;  ordinary  spots  large, 
without  internal  aunuli,  the  orbicular  slightly  elliptical,  the  reniform  ap- 
proaching the  shape  of  the  figure  eight,  constricted  in  the  middle  on  both 
sides.  Exterior  line  dentate  between  the  nervules,  of  the  usual  form.  Sub- 
terminal  line  represented  by  black  diffused  spots  which  precede  and  partially 
surround  a  series  of  cream-white  spots.  Those  of  the  latter  between  the  fifth 
and  sixth  subcostal,  the  sixth  subcostal  and  the  first  median,  and  the  first  and 
second  median  nervules  are  small,  punctiform  and  distinct ;  that  between  the 
second  and  third  median  nervules  is  obsolete,  and  that  between  the  third  and 
fourth  is  united  with  the  one  at  the  inner  angle,  forming  a  large  irregular 
blotch,  sometimes  filling  nearly  the  whole  angle.  The  nervules  are  of  a  little 
deeper  black  than  the  ground  color,  the  inner  margin  is  slightly  tinged  with 
carneous  and  there  are  three  or  four  costal  subapical  white  dots.  The  poste- 
rior wings  are  white,  the  nervures  strongly  marked  with  black,  and  with  a 
large  discal  dot  and  a  broad,  black  terminal  band.  Anterior  wings  beneath, 
gray,  with  numerous  white  atoms.  The  entire  apex  and  terminal  space  are 
purple  carneous.  Posterior  wings  white,  with  a  conspicuous  discal  dot,  and  a 
broad  costal  and  terminal  carneous  gray  shade  band,  obsolete  at  the  anal  angle. 

Hah.,  Massachusetts.     Collection  of  H.  K.  Morrison. 

The  uniform  dead  black  anterior  wings  with  the  markings  in 
brighter  black,  will  at  once  separate  from  the  rest  of  the  Noctuidae 

BlI..    BX'F.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (15)  JfLV,    1874. 


114 

the  following  three  species,  belonging  to  different  genera,  and  yet  so 
close  to  each  other  that  they  can  hardly  be  distinguished  except  by 
their  generic  characters. 

Eyes  hairy,  tibiae  unarmed,  abdomen  conical : 

Mamestra  assimilis  Morr. 
Eyes  naked,  tibiae  unarmed,  abdomen  conical : 

Hadena  impulsa  {Gup.n). 
Eyes  naked,  tibiae  spinose,  abdomen  flattened : 

Agrotis  velleripej^-nis  G'rote. 


Genus  MORRISONIA,  Grote. 
Morrisonia  peracuta  (nov.  sp.). 
Expanse,  37  m.  m.    Length  of  body,  17  m.  m. 

Eyes  hairy.  Front  divided  by  a  transverse  furrow  between  tlie  eyes,  the 
'iides  of  which  are  cinereous,  into  two  short,  obtuse  tufts.  The  frontal  tuft 
beneath  and  the  vertical  tuft  above,  brown.  Collar  and  thorax  gray  brown, 
the  latter  with  a  short  bifid  fore  and  hind  tuft.  Collar  showing  a  conspic- 
uous, bicolorous,  black  and  white  transverse  line.  Tegulae  with  a  similar 
terminal  line.  Anterior  wings  with  brown  and  cinereous  longitudinal  shades. 
A  cinereous  costal  shade  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  more  or  less  discolored 
by  brown  internervular  streaks,  the  most  prominent  of  which  passes  over  the 
place  of  the  orbicular  (which  is  wanting),  and  obscures  the  disc  of  the  almost 
obsolete  reniform.  The  latter  is  indicated  in  the  costal  shade,  only  by  faint, 
transverse,  cinereous  shades,  and  a  darker  central  spot.  The  lower  portion  of 
the  reniform  projects  slightly  over  and  contrasts  slightly  with  a  dark  choco- 
late brown  shade,  which  starts  from  the  base  and  proceeds  along  and  below 
the  median  nervure  to  the  exterior  line  ;  it  gradually  shades  into  lighter 
brown,  and  then  into  cinereous.  Two  dark  brown  basal  dashes,  one  beneath 
jhe  median  and  the  other  beneath  the  submedian  nervure  and  along  the  inner 
margin.  The  exterior  line  forms  a  dash  on  the  costa  at  its  inception,  and  then 
six  long  fine  black  ray-like  teeth,  the  last  of  which  returns  back  towards  the 
base,  between  the  median  and  submedian  nervules,  meeting  a  like  tooth  from 
the  interior  line  (this  tooth  being  the  only  portion  of  that  line  visible)  ;  be- 
neath this  the  exterior  line  forms  a  long,  sharp,  outwardly  projecting  tooth  on 
the  submedian.  Subtermiual  space  cinereous ;  outwardly  its  indentations 
jaggeti  (corresponding  to  those  of  the  exterior  line),  and  in  particular  two  long 
Hadena-Vike  teeth,  extending  to  the  outer  margin.  Terminal  space  brown, 
divided  into  two  principal  areas,  one  above  and  the  other  below  the  subter- 
miual teeth.  A  broad,  more  or  less  discolored  cinereous  shade  from  the  base 
to  the  inner  angle  along  the  margin.     A  serios  of  white  terminal  dashes  be- 


115 

twoen  the  norvuloa.  Fringe  brown,  interrupted.  Posterior  wings  uniform, 
dark  fuscous,  without  spot  or  band.  Fringe  wliite.  Beneath,  tlie  disc  of  tlie 
anterior  wings  dark  gray,  the  -costa  and  terminal  apace  lighter.  Posterior 
wings  light  gray,  witli  discal  dot  and  broad  dark  terminal  band. 

Hob.,  doubtful,  probably  Texas,  perhaps  California.  Four  speci- 
mens examined.  In  the  collections  of  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  and  H. 
K.  Morrison. 


Genus  LITHOPHANE,  mhn. 
Lithopliane  fagina  (nov.  ep.). 
Expanse,  45  m.  m.     Length  of  hody,  18  m.  m. 

Eyes  naked,  with  strong  lashes.  Palpi  slightly  shorter  than  usual  in  TAth- 
ophatie,  shaggily  haired,  the  third  joint  also  clothed,  not  nearly  smooth  as  in 
Calocampa.  Frontal  and  vertical  tufts  short,  obtuse  and  improminent.  Collar 
and  thorax  bluish-gray,  the  former  with  a  transverse  black  line,  edged  below 
with  ocherous,  most  evident  directly  in  front.  Behind  the  collar  a  longitu- 
dinally furrowed  thoracic  crest.  Abdomen  untufted,  slightly  flattened.  Wings 
with  entire  margins,  shaped  as  in  pexata  and  cinerea ;  this,  with  the  obtuse 
tufts,  placing  the  species  in  the  section  Oraptolitha.  Anterior  wings  with  obso- 
lete ornamentation,  clear  bluish-gray  (the  color  of  Cucullia  intermedia,  Speyer), 
with  a  conspicuous  broad  white  costal  shade,  which  gradually  becomes  extinct 
before  the  apex,  and  commences  beneath  the  angular  projection  in  the  sides  of 
the  thorax.  The  spots  are  absent,  the  markings  are  all  fine  hair-like  black  lines, 
as  in  intermedia.  The  interior  line  forms  one  dentate  tooth  above  the  costal 
nervure,  and  below  it  three  long  sharp  spine-like  teeth,  each  longer  than  its 
predecessor,  the  last  two  projecting  far  into  the  median  space;  below  the 
third  tooth  the  interior  and  exterior  lines  are  connected  by  a  fine  line  which 
forms  exactly  between  the  base  and  the  apex,  and  a  little  below  the  center  of 
the  median  space  a  small  tooth,  the  lines  of  which  are  thickened  so  that  it  is 
quite  prominent.  Above  this  tooth  are  the  six  long  teeth  of  the  exterior  line, 
each  sharp,  with  its  apex  slightly  curved  upwards,  and  terminating  on  a  ner- 
vule.  These  teeth  at  their  bases  are  not  sharp,  but  rounded,  in  this  respect 
differing  from  those  of  the  interior  line.  Below  the  line  connecting  the  me- 
dian lines  there  is  a  free  space,  and  below  this  a  very  long  narrow  spot,  sharp 
at  each  end,  evidently  formed  by  the  uniting  together  of  the  bases  of  two 
teeth,  one  from  each  median  line  ;  beneath  this  spot,  and  directly  above  the 
inner  margin,  a  short  black  line.  In  the  upper  portion  of  the  median  space, 
beneath  the  costal  white  shade,  there  are  several  longitudinal  lines,  (the  one 
nearest  the  costa  being  bifid  and  somewhat  thickened,)  which  represent  the 
ordinary  spots  united  together,  but  in  my  only  specimen  they  are  too  frag- 
mentary to  trace  the  outlines.     Beyond  the  exterior  line  a  series  of  black 


,  116 

dots  on  the  nervules  representing  tlie  subterminal  line,  and  from  this  point 
outwards  the  nervules  are  narrow,  marked  in  black.  Posterior  wings  whitish- 
gray,  with  faint  discal  dot  and  exterior  line,  no  terminal  dark  band.  Fringe 
white.  Beneath,  the  wings  are  whitish-gray,  the  anteriors  rather  the  darker, 
with  a  yellow  spot  at  the  base.     Posterior  with  discal  dot  and  exterior  line. 

Hah.,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  April  15,  1874.     From  my  collection. 

Fagina  is  a  most  interesting  species,  for  it  seems  to  combine  in 
itself  the  characters  of  several  genera.  The  fine  hair-like  black 
marking  over  bluish-gray  ground  are  very  similar  to  the  lucifuga 
section  of  OuculUa,  but  the  structural  characters  are  not  of  this 
genus,  and  seem  to  be  on  the  line  between  Calocampa  and  LWiophane. 
The  subobsolescence  of  the  tufts,  the  almost  rounded  front  and  the 
short  palpi  connect  it  with  Calocampa,  while  the  shape  of  the  wings, 
the  presence  of  the  thoracic  crest,  and  the  fact  that  the  frontal  tufts 
are  present,  though  improminent,  would  show  that  its  affinities  are 
with  the  section  Graptolitha  of  LWiophane,  where  I  have  placed  it. 
Fagina  is  so  different  from  the  known  species  that  the  student  will 
find  no  difficulty  in  naming  it ;  it  seems  to  be,  however,  of  very 
rare  occurrence. 


Lithopliane  disposita  (nov.  sp.). 
Expanse,  37  m.  m.    Length  of  body,  14  m.  m. 

Antennae  setiform.  Palpi  light  gray,  whitish  on  the  inside,  with  a  clear 
black  line  on  the  outside  extending  from  the  first  to  the  third  joint.  Front 
and  vertex  with  the  two  pair  of  sharply  projecting  tufts  peculiar  to  LitJiophane. 
Beneath  the  upper  tuft  a  black  line  extending  across  the  front.  Collar  with  a 
transverse  ■{  -shaped  black  line.  The  usual  longitudinally  furrowed  crest  be- 
hind the  collar,  in  this  species  tipped  with  ferruginous.  Thorax  light  gray 
concolorous  with  the  anterior  wings.  Abdomen  with  a  single,  slight,  black 
tipped  tuft.  Anterior  wings  light  gray  with  ferruginous  stains.  The  spots 
very  clearly  outlined  in  black,  the  ordinary  lines  nearly  obsolete.  A  slightly 
curved,  black,  conspicuous,  longitudinal  line  extending  from  the  base  to  just 
before  the  interior  line ;  and  a  more  or  less  distinct  ferruginous  patch  at  and 
above  its  termination.  Interior  line  indistinctly  geminate.  Its  outer  line  some- 
times well  marked  on  the  costa,  beneath  the  subcostal  nervure  and  opposite 
the  orbicular  forming  a  tooth  and  joining  below  the  very  distinct,  elongated 
claviform  spot.  The  latter  is  outlined  in  black,  concolorous ;  its  apex  rounded 
and  most  strongly  marked.  Exterior  line  obsolete  except  directly  opposite 
to  the  claviform  spot,  where  it  is  distinct  and  black.     Through  the  narrow 


117 

aperture  between  the  clavifonn  spot  and  the  exterior  line  passes  tlie 
undulate  ferruginous  median  shade,  ceasing  at  tlie  reniform,  but  again 
perceptible  on  the  costa,  as  an  oblique  blackish  shade.  Ordinary  spots,  con- 
colorous,  black.  Orbicular  oblong,  oblique,  open  above.  Reniform  large,  sub- 
quadrate,  distinct  below  and  at  the  sides,  open  above.  A  double  row  of  faint 
spots  on  the  nervules  beyond  the  exterior  line.  Subterminal  line  subdentate, 
ferruginous.  A  conspicuous  blackish  blotch  at  the  inner  angle  and  another  in 
the  terminal  space  between  and  adjoining  the  first  median  and  sixth  subcostal 
nervules.  Black  dots  at  the  base  of  the  fringe,  which  is  tinged  with  ferrugi- 
nous. Posterior  wings  uniform  blackish  gray  with  the  discal  dots  evident. 
Beneath  the  wings  are  light  gray  with  scattered  black  atoms  and  distinct  dis- 
cal dots.  Anterior  wings  with  a  basal  line  corresponding  to  that  above  and 
with  the  median  and  basal  spaces  darker  gray.  Posterior  wings  with  a  faint 
exterior  line.  Tibiae  with  a  longitudinal  black  line.  All  the  spurs  black, 
tipped  with  white. 

Hah.,  Canada,  Mass.,  New  York.    In  April  and  May. 

The  uniform  light  gray  ground  color,  the  black  encircled  spots, 
particularly  the  elongated  claviform  and  the  basal  longitudinal  line 
will  separate  it  from  other  species  of  the  genus,  and  the  first  char- 
acter from  vulgaris,  G.  &  R. 


118 


VI.    Observations  on  North  American  Moths 

BY  LEOlf  F.  HAEVEY,  A.  M.,  M.  U. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  June  5, 1874.] 

NOCTUAE. 

Agrotis  volubilis  Harvey. 

$  . — This  species  ia  allied  to  the  European  A.  valligera,  differing  by  its 
leather-brown,  not  olivaceous  color,  and  by  the  obsolescence  of  the  subter- 
minal  line.  Eyes  naked,  all  the  tibiae  spinose,  antennae  ciliated,  palpi  exter- 
nally dark  brown,  nearly  black,  internally  much  lighter,  head  light  brown, 
thorax  very  pale  with  a  brown  collar;  one  segment  of  the  abdomen,  near  the 
thorax,  quite  brown,  with  the  rest  and  anal  tuft  light  brown  ;  beneath  darker, 
with  the  sides  approaching  to  black.  Basal  half-line  irregular,  black  ;  t.  a.  line 
thrice  outwardly  convex,  lower  convexity  being  very  acute,  passing  far  beyond 
the  other  convexities  ;  a  broad  black  band  arising  from  the  body  intersects  and 
crosses  the  t.  a.  line,  being  longer  than  the  similar  line  in  A.  valligera;  the 
t.  p.  line  is  evenly  scalloped  outwardly,  being  fainter  than  the  other  lines ; 
terminal  line  geminate,  inner  dark  and  outer  light  shaded ;  subterminal  space 
darkly  shaded,  a  third  below  the  costal  border  dark  intensified  above  the  spots. 
The  orbicular  spot  is  broader  and  more  even  than  in  A.  valligera,  having  a 
light  center;  reniform  regular,  whilst  in  A.  valligera  it  is  somewhat  scroll- 
shaped  ;  the  space  between  the  spots  is  nearly  black,  in  A.  valligera  it  is  a 
rather  light  brown  ;  fringes  concolorous.  Beneath,  cinereous,  costa  dark,  ter- 
minal line  present.  Secondaries  whitish,  with  superior  and  posterior  portions 
shaded  with  fuscous,  terminal  line  geminate.  Beneath  pale  shaded,  with  discal 
spot ;  t.  p.  line  and  terminal  line  obvious,  fringes  white. 

$  . — Both  the  wings  and  body  parts  darker,  blackish,  with  a  dark  purjile  tinge  ; 
markings  about  the  face  blackish  brown ;  thorax  purple-gray,  with  a  black 
collar.  The  space  between  the  body  and  the  reniform  spot  is  nearly  black,  the 
orbicular  spot  is  nearly  twice  the  length  and  much  narrower  than  in  the  S  , 
with  dark  center,  and  clearly  defined  black  margin,  reniform  more  irregular  and 
darker.  The  terminal  line  geminate.  All  the  other  lines  nearly  obsolete, 
slight  transverse  markings  beneath.  Secondaries  darker  than  A.  vailigera — 
a  trace  of  discal  spot. 

Expanse, ^^Q,  37;  6  35  m.  m.  Hah.,  Buffalo  (Frank  Zesch) ; 
New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson). 


119 

Maniestra  rosea,  Harvey. 

$  . — This  is  a  stout  species  with  hairy  eyes  and  unarmed  tibiae.  The  a]>- 
dominal  tufts  are  confined  to  the  basal  segment,  and  the  thoracic  tufts  are  not 
very  obvious.  Antennae  simple,  bristled  beneath.  The  color  is  unusually 
pale.  It  is  a  very  light  and  pale  testaceous  reddish  ;  the  thorax,  head  and 
basal  tuft  deep  brownish  red.  The  fore  wings  have  the  terminal  space  deep 
red,  with  the  outer  portion  of  the  subterminal  space  deep  brownish  red,  and 
these  marginal  shades  contrast  with  the  pallor  of  the  rest  of  the  wing,  so 
that  we  are  reminded  of  the  species  of  Ueliothis.  T.  a.  line  single,  thrice 
waved  outwardly  oblique,  deep  reddish.  Claviform  outlined  with  the  same 
shade,  while  the  annuli  of  the  stigmata  are  similar,  merely  fine  reddish  lines  ; 
the  reniform  includes  an  inferior  blackish  stain.  The  diffuse  reddish  median 
shade  is  quite  noticeable.  Stigmata  large  ;  orbicular  circular  ;  reniform  mod- 
erately outwardly  excavate.  T.  p.  line  a  distinct  interspaceally  festooned  red- 
dish line,  not  running  suddenly  inwardly  below  median  vein,  nor  much 
exserted  opposite  the  cell,  approaching  the  t.  a.  line  at  internal  margin,  owing 
to  the  greater  obliquity  of  the  latter.  Fringes  reddish,  checkered  with  deeper 
red.  Hind  wings  very  pale,  with  faint  exterior  transverse  lines  and  terminal 
brighter  dustings.  Beneath,  very  pale  with  reddish  borderings  and  double 
exterior  reddish  lines  and  discal  point  on  secondaries.  Abdomen  pale,  shaded 
with  fuscous. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.     Hah.,  Maine  (Prof.  Packard). 

Mamestra  lilacina,  Harvey. 

9  . — A  rather  wide-winged  species  with  hairy  eyes  and  unarmed  tibiae  and 
with  somewhat  slender  body  parts,  weakly  tufted.  It  is  allied  to  31.  brassicae 
and  M.  Farnhavii.  The  primaries  are  blackish,  with  lilac-gray  shadings. 
Basal  half-line  distinct,  black,  irregular.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  waved,  black- 
ish, the  outer  line  the  more  distinct  with  distinct  gray  filling.  The  orbicular 
is  oblique,  large,  gray,  with  a  darker  central  shade,  and  below  it,  beyond  the 
claviform  and  beneath  the  median  vein  at  the  base  of  vein  2,  is  a  pale  gray 
shade,  extending  to  the  median  shade  line,  and  similar  to  what  is  displayed  by 
M.  Farnhami.  Claviform  concolorous,  with  distinct  black  defining  line. 
Reniform  erect,  gray,  with  a  central  darker  annulus.  T.  p.  line  geminate, 
lunulate,  its  inner  black  scalloped  line  distinct,  with  gray  filling.  Subter- 
minal space  shaded  with  gray,  more  obviously  iuferiorly.  Subterminal  line 
pale,  distinct,  continued,  with  a  strong  costal  deflection  bending  inwardly  ;  a 
distinct  apical  gray  patch  surmounting  the  blackish  concolorous  terminal 
space.  Fringes  dark  with  a  darker  hair  line,  and  very  narrowly  cut  with 
pale  at  the  extremities  of  the  veins.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  deeper  shaded 
terminally,  with  a  faint  fuscous  rivulous  exterior  line  and  discal  shade.  Be- 
neath fuscous,  sprinkled  with  gray  shades  and  double,  more  or  less  distinct 
common  lines  and  discal  marks. 

E.rpatise,  35  m.  m.     Hab.,  Brewstcrs,  N".  Y.  (C.  T.  Robinson). 


120 

Taeniocampa  paciflca,  Harvey. 

Under  the  Number  27,  and  with  the  memorandum  attached  "  February  13, 
1874,  Sanzalito,"  Mr.  Jas.  Behrens  sends  three  specimens  (  5  s)  of  a  species  with 
hairy  eyes  and  allied  to  our  Eastern  T.  alia  and  the  European  T.  instahilis. 
Compared  with  T.  alia  the  species  from  the  Pacific  slope  differs  by  its  thinner 
squamation,  its  more  obscure  tint  and  the  narrower  black-filled  reniform.  In 
none  of  the  three  specimens  is  there  any  trace  of  the  orbicular.  The  tint  is 
not  always  the  same ;  two  specimens  are  rather  pale,  dingy  yellowish  brown  ; 
the  third  has  some  of  the  brighter  tintings  of  T.  alia.  The  t.  p.  line  is  indi- 
cated by  black  points,  to  which  black  and  white  points  succeed  on  the  subter- 
minal  space.  In  size  the  species  is  like  T.  alia,  while  the  ornamentation  is 
very  similar. 

Glaea  olivata,  Harvey. 

2  . — Eyes  naked,  with  lashes ;  tibiae  unarmed  ;  abdomen  rather  flattened. 
The  species  is  of  a  delicate  olive-brown,  with  the  lines  on  the  fore  wings  above 
pale,  even  and  continuous.  Primaries  rather  dark  olivaceous  brown  to  the 
subterminal  line,  with  a  fine  admixture  of  black  scale  points  not  disturbing 
the  general  shade  of  the  wings  ;  terminal  space  paler  contrasting  by  its  pallor, 
terminal  line  waved,  fine,  the  fringes  again  darker  with  a  blackish  shade  at 
base.  T.  a.  line  even,  rather  strongly  outwardly  oblique,  a  little  outwardly 
projected  on  costal  vein,  on  internal  margin  nearer  to  the  t.  p.  line  than  to  the 
base  of  the  wing.  Stigmata  large,  concolorous,  with  pale  annuli,  like  the 
transverse  lines,  upright,  the  orbicular  spherical,  the  reniform  but  very  slightly 
excavate.  T.  p.  line  not  very  arcuate,  nor  projected  opposite  the  cell.  Sub- 
terminal  line  irregular,  brought  into  relief  by  the  contrasting  tint  of  the 
terminal  space.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  dark,  not  greatly  contrasting  with  the 
primaries  in  general  color,  with  a  reddish  suffusion  on  the  fringes.  Body 
concolorous  with  wings  above.  Beneath  the  body  parts  and  wings  are  more 
reddish,  powdered  with  black  scales ;  a  fuscous  line  and  discal  point  on  the 
uniformly  red-tinted  secondaries. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m.  Hah.,  California.  Mr.  Behrens,  Number  9, 
September  20th. 

In  this  species  the  lashes  are  black  and  distinct.  The  Eastern 
species,  referred  by  Mr.  Grote  to  Orthosia,  have  the  abdomen  some- 
what flattened,  especially  0.  apiata.  but  the  lashes  to  the  eyes  are 
not  discriminated  by  their  color. 

Orthodes  griseocincta,  Harvey. 

5  . — Obscure,  purply  blackish,  without  any  red  tint ;  the  markings  are 
coarse.  Eyes  hairy.  Basal  half-line  accompanied  by  a  broad  griseous  shade 
alone  distinct,  waved.    T.  a.  line  perpendicular,  waved,  black,  preceded  also 


121 

by  a  broad  grisoous  shade.  Stigmata  obsolete;  the  renifonu  indicated  by  a 
few  pale  scales.  Median  shade  line  hardly  apparent,  approximate  to  the  t.  p. 
line,  the  latter  more  even,  more  faintly  filled  in  with  griseous,  slightly  arcu- 
ate. Subterminal  line  indistinct;  terminal  space  but  very  little  paler  than 
the  rest  of  the  wing ;  fringes  concolorous.  Secondaries  blackish  fuscous  with 
paler  fringes.  Beneath  the  wings  are  pale,  soiled,  yellowish-white,  irrorate 
with  black  scales  and  with  the  discal  point  and  exterior  fuscous  line  marked 
on  secondaries.     Body  parts  concolorous  with  the  wings. 

Eximnse,  32  m.  m.    Hah.,  Easton,  Pa.    Mr.  Stultz,  No.  421. 


GEOIHETRAE. 

Eudropia  Warueri,  Harmy. 

2  . — A  beautiful,  umber-shaded  moth.  Antennae  simple,  white  above,  brown 
beneath,  palpi  porrect,  head  brown,  thorax  grayish-white  suifused  with  a 
burnt  umber  tinge.  Abdomen  concolorous.  Primaries  broad,  posterior  border 
boldly  convex,  surface  white,  but  profusely  covered  with  umber-colored  points. 
T.  a.  line  convex  outwardly,  narrow  on  the  costa,  widening  opposite  the  cell, 
continuing  very  broad  to  the  inferior  border,  being  of  a  burnt  umber  color, 
with  a  light  shade  in  its  concavity.  T.  p.  line  white,  evenly  broad,  convex 
outwardly,  strongly  exserted  at  convexity  of  posterior  border,  dark  umber 
shaded  in  its  concavity,  forming  the  line  of  a  strung  bow;  outside  of  the  t.  p. 
line  a  somewhat  light  umber  shade,  but  strongly  marked  at  the  center  and 
inferior  border  of  the  wing,  forming  two  conspicuous  spots.  A  very  distinct 
black  discal  spot ;  a  white  broad  line,  running  from  the  extreme  convexity  of 
t.  p.  line  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  having  on  its  outside  for  half  the  dis- 
tance a  finer  umber  line;  fringes  of  an  umber  color.  Beneath  the  surface 
of  a  mottled  ocherous,  resembling  the  under  surface  of  E.  hypocJiraria ,  but 
less  brilliantly  colored,  the  discal  spot  brown,  all  the  lines  faintly  marked ; 
spot  at  convexity  of  the  t.  p.  line  quite  obvious  ;  fringes  darker  than  above, 
contrasting  strongly  with  the  lighter  shade  of  the  wing.  Secondaries  lighter 
in  shade  than  the  primaries;  a  black  discal  spot;  t.  p.  line  clouded  white, 
with  an  inner  and  outer  umber-shaded  margin,  more  distinct  at  anal  angle ; 
fringes  same  as  the  upper  surface  of  the  primaries.  Beneath,  in  color  resem- 
bling the  under  surface  of  the  primaries ;  arcuated  line  and  discal  spot  pres- 
ent ;  fringes  concolorous  with  fringes  of  under  surface  of  the  primaries ; 
fringes  on  the  inferior  border  of  secondaries  of  a  delicate  white. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.  Hab.,  Canaan  Four  Corners,  N.  Y.  L.  F. 
Ilarvev. 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  species  to  Miss  Warner,  who 
in  the  pages  of  "Queechy,"  has  given  to  the  locality  of  its  capture 
a  "Wide,  Wide  World"  reputation. 

Bt:L.    BUF.   SOC.   NAT.    SCI.  (16)  ACOCST,   1874. 


122 


VII.    Additions  to  the  "List  of  North  American 

Noctuidae" 

BY  AUG.   E.   GKOTE. 

[Read  before  this  Society  July  3, 1874.] 

The  discovery  of  new  species  since  the  publication  of  the  "  List," 
and  the  reception  of  fresh  material  by  this  Society,  allows  me  to 
increase  and  correct  it. 

I.  The  genera  allied  to  Taeniocatnjja,  catalogued  on  pages  22  and 
23  of  the  "  List." 

The  following  synoptical  table  is  imperfect,  bnt  may  assist  in  the 
identification  of  the  genera.  I  have  no  perfectly  preserved  speci- 
mens of  Ceramica  exusta,  and  the  structural  difiference  from  Taenio- 
campa  is  not  apparent  to  me.  Perfectly  preserved  specimens,  with 
the  thoracic  vestiture  intact,  are  especially  necessary  in  studying 
the  Noctuae.    I  have  hitherto  mistaken  the  type  of  Pachnobia. 

Eyes  liairv : 

Head  prominent,  vestiture  hairy,  form  slender,  thorax  untufted  . . .  Ortliodes. 

Head  applied  to  the  thorax,  collar  distinctly  lobed,  thorax  defined  at  the  sides 

and  tufted  in  front Porigrapha. 

Head  sunken,  vestiture  woolly,  form  stout,  thorax  untufted  |  ''''^^'ceramica.* 

Eyes  naked : 

Male  antennae  simple,  wings  comparatively  wide Matuta. 

Male  antennae  toothed,  wings  comparatively  narrow Pachnobia. 

ORTHODES,  Ouenee  {\'dn2). 

Type :    Orthodes  infirma  Ouen. 

inflrma  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  375  (A). 

griseociucta  Harvey,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  p.  120. 

\  cynica  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  375. 

f  nimia  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  376. 

f  vecors  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  376. 

Eastern  States,  southward. 


123 

*rERI(iRArHA,  Ledcrcr  ilQrjl). 
Type  :    Noctua  i-cinctum  S.  V. 

Normaiii  Orote,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  6,  p.  115. 
iunexa  Orote.^ 
Canada,  southward. 

*TAENIOCAMPA,  Guenee  {18il). 

Type :    Noctua  stabilis  S.  V. 

paoiflca  Ilarvep,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  Vol.  2,  p.  130. 

alia  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  354;  ?  Orthos.  instahilis  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  IG, 

343. 
f  hibisci  Guen.,  Noct  1,  p.  355  (described  from  Abbot's  MS.  figures). 
oviduca  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  357. 
t  styracis  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  357  described  from  Abbot's  MS.  figures). 

California,  Canada,  southward. 

CERAMICA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :    Ceramica  ex  usta  Guen. 

picta  {Harris),  Ins.  Inj.  Ve'g.  p.  453;    Cer.  exusta  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  344,  PI.  5, 

fig.  9. 
f  vindeiiiialis  Gue7i.,  Noct.  1,  p.  344. 
f  w-albuiu  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  345. 

Canada,  southward. 


1  Perigrapha  innexa  n.  s. 

i  .—At  first  sight  the  species  might  be  referred  to  OrfJiodes,  but  the  head  is  more  appressed, 
the  thoracic  vestiture  more  dense,  the  sides  of  the  thorax  defined  and  the  patagic  apices  sharp. 
There  is  a  distinct  cresting  behind  the  collar  and  a  thick  gathering  of  scales  on  the  thorax 
behind,  possibly  also  distributed  on  the  basal  abdominal  segment.  The  palpi  very  slightly 
exceed  the  front ;  the  3d  article  minute,  shortly  scaled.  Antennae  simple,  brushlike,  both  of 
our  species  differing  in  this  respect  from  the  European.  The  hairy  eyes  appear  to  have  no 
lashes.  The  color  is  an  olivaceous  wood  brown,  not  unlike  0.  injinna,  but  darker.  All  the 
lines  are  threadlike,  continuous,  distinct,  whitish  or  pale  yellowish.  The  veins  are  accented. 
Basal  half-line  even.  T.  a.  line  with  an  inward  dentation  on  the  cell  to  median  vein,  below 
which  it  is  even,  slightly  arcuate.  Orbicular  and  reniform  moderate,  concolorous,  with  narrow 
pale  annuli ;  reniform  erect,  constricted  medially.  T.  p.  line  running  outwardly  longitudinally 
below  the  costa  to  a  point  a  little  beyond  the  second  costa-apical  dot  and  thence  evenly  down- 
wardly, crossing  the  nervules,  a  little  inwardly  bent  between  veins  4  and  1,  to  internal  margin. 
Subterminal  line  brought  very  near  the  margin,  even,  slightly  inwardly  notched  on  vein  2,  pale 
like  the  other  lines.  Terminal  space  more  blackish,  a  little  frosted  with  pale  scales.  Terminal 
line  fine,  black,  interrupted.  Fringes  concolorous,  with  a  paler  median  line  and  pale  points  at 
base  opposite  the  termination  of  the  nervules.  Hind  wings  like  those  of  P.  Normani,  whitish 
hyaline  with  soiled  veins  and  undefined  fuscous  terminal  shade.  Thorax  like  fore  wings. 
Costal  edge  of  primaries  straight. 

Expanse  20  m.  m.    Habitat,  Texas,  E.  L.  Graef,  Esq. 


124 

MATUTA,  Orote  (1874). 
Type  :    Matuta  Catlierina  Grote. 

Catherina  Grote,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  6,  p.  116. 
Canada. 

PACHNOBIA,  Guenee  (1852). 

Type :    Noctua  carnea  Thuvb. 

cornuta  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  2,  p.  68. 

f*  carnea  {Thunb.),  Diss.  4,  p.  56  {Noctua) ;  Quen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  342  {PaclmoUa) ) 
Moschl.,  W.  E.  M.  4,  p.  361. 

California,  Labrador. 


II.  The  genera  allied  to  Orthosia,  catalogued  on  pages  25  and  26 
of  the '' List." 

The  following  synoptical  table  of  the  genera  may  be  of  use.  I 
have  formerly  not  distinguished  the  genus  Jodia  {Oporiiia  Boisd., 
Led.).  The  species  retained  under  Xanthia  and  Scopelosoma  will 
need  a  later  revision. 

Eyes  naked  witli  lashes : 

Thorax  untuf ted,  abdomen  conical Ortliosia. 

id.,  abdomen  flattened Glaea. 

Thorax  with  a  pointed  tuft,  palpi  projected  and  prominent Jodia. 

j Xanthia. 

id.,  palpi  improminent  j Scopelosoma. 


*  ORTHOSIA,  Oc7is.  (1816).      " 

Type :  Noctua  lota  Linn. 

*  circellaris  {Hnfn) ;  ferruginea  S.  V.,  S.  86. 

ferruginoides  (Guen),  Noct.  1,  p.  398  {XantJiia);  hicoloragoX  Walk.,  C.  B.  M., 

Noct.  p.  464 ;  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  2,  p.  78 ;  Xanthia  spurcata 

Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  p.  749. 
\  Incolorag'O  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  397  {XantJiia);  An.  var.  spec,  praec.  ? 
ralla  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  346  {Xanthia),  PI.  7,  fig.  49. 
euroa  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  p.  431  {Xanthia);  X.puta  ||  G.  &  R., 

Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  347,  PI.  1,  fig.  50. 


125 

t  cliloroplia  {Iliihn.),  Zutr.  1,  No.  37,  figs.  73,  74  {Xcstia). 
purpurea  Grote.^ 

t  iusciens  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  p.  740. 
Canada,  southward,  and  California. 

*  JODIA,  Hilbner  {181G). 

Type :  Noctua  croceago  S.  V. 

rulago  Huhn.,  Zutr.  1,  figs.  61,  62,  S.  15  ;  Verz.  S.  234,  No.  2341 ;  Guen.,  Noct. 
1,  p.  393  {Xanthia). 
Atlantic  District. 

GLAEA)  Hubner  (Tentamen). 

Type :  Noctua  vaccinii  Linn. 

\  anchocelioules  {Ouen.),  Noct.  1,  p.  384  (Cerastis). 

viatica  Orote,  Gth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  33  {Orthosia). 

decliva  Orote,  Gth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34  (Orthosia). 

inulta  Orote,  Gth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34  (Orthosia)  ;  Bui.  Buf.  Soc. 

Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  77,  PI.  1,  fig.  9. 
apiata  Orote,  Gth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  34  (Orthosia);  Bul.  Buf.  Soc. 

Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  77,  PI.  1,  fig.  8. 
Olivata  Harvey,  Bul.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  120. 

Canada,  southward,  and  California. 

*  XANTHIA,  Hiibner  (Tentamen). 

Type:  Noctua  fulvago  Linn. 

aurautia^o  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  394,  PI.  7,  fig.  1. 
*gilvago  (S.  V.) ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  95. 
t*  silago  (Eiibn.) ;  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  p.  461. 
ceroinatica  Orote,  Bul.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  70  (Scopelosoma). 
Canada,  southward. 

2  Orthosia  purpurea,  n.  s. 

S  9  .—Allied  to  the  European  0.  litura,  differing  but  slightly  in  general  tint,  being  more  pur- 
plish. The  markings  are  less  distinct,  the  t.  a.  line  not  accented  on  costa,  the  orbicular  smaller, 
the  spots  wider  apart,  the  aubtcrminal  line  a  parallel  succession  of  rounded  points,  not  elongate 
as  in  the  European  species.  The  dark  costal  shades,  which  precede  the  s.  t.  line  in  both  species, 
are  less  prominent  in  0.  jmrpurea.  The  hind  wings  are  paler  in  the  latter  species  and  more 
warmly  tinted.  Beneath,  the  color  is  linht  vinous  with  the  common  line  and  discal  marks,  so 
evident  in  liiura,  extremely  faint.  The  male  antennae  have  a  thick  cilial  fringing.  The  pattern 
of  the  ornamentation  is  exceedingly  similar  in  the  two  species  and  seems  merely  to  differ  ,as 
above  given.  In  O.  jmrpurea  the  reniform  is  concolorous,  enclosing  a  blackish  inferior  stain ; 
in  my  specimens  of  0.  liiura,  this  spot  is  uniformly  darker  than  the  wing. 

Expanse,  31,  32  m.  m.    Ilahitat,  California.    Mr.  Behrens,  No.  3,  "  Oct.  22d." 


126 

SCOPELOSOMA,  Curtis  (1840). 

Type :  Noctua  satellitia  Linn. 

Graeflana  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  p.  69. 

Yinulenta  Orote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  440  {Dichagramma),  PI.  9,  fig.  6 ; 

Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  70  (Scopelosoma). 
Morrisoni  Orote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  2,  p.  70. 
sidus  Ouen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  386 ;  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  2,  71. 
Walkeri  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  439  {Dichagramma);  id.  Bui.  Buf. 

Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  192  {Scopelosoma) ;  id.  1.  c.  2,  p.  71. 

Canada  to  Texas. 


III.     References  07nitted  in  the  ''List." 

To  the  species  Agrotis  bicarnea,  on  page  9,  line  26,  must  be  added  the  refer- 
ence :    Feltia  ducens  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  p.  203. 

To  the  species  Hadena  arctica,  on  page  14,  line  33,  must  be  added  the  refer- 
ence :    Hadena  amputatrix  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  16,  425. 

Under  the  genus  Melicleptria  must  be  added,  on  page  35,  after  the  second 
line,  the  species : 

jaguarina  {Ouen.),  Noct.  2,  p.  184  {Anthoecia),  PI.  9,  fig.  11 ;  Grote,  Proc.  Ent. 
Soc.  Phil.  3,  p.  528. 

The  following  genus  must  be  omitted  from  the  Lithosiinae  (where 
it  is  referred  by  Zeller)  on  account  of  the  presence  of  simple  eyes ; 
it  cannot  be  placed  with  the  Tortricidae  (where  it  is  referred  by 
Fitch)  from  the  neurational  characters.  It  best  agrees  with  the 
Noctuidae,  and  may  find  its  place  in  the  "List"  on  page  28,  after 
Adipsophanes. 


NOLAPHANA,  Orote  (1873). 

Tj^ie :  Brachytaenia  malana  Fitch. 

malana  {Fitch),  Tr.  N.  Y.  State  Agr.  Soc,  1855,  p.  473  {Brachytaenia) ;  Grote, 

Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  S.  1,  p.  169  {Nolaphana). 
Zelleri  Grote,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  169;  Nola  malana\  Zeller,  Verh. 

z.-b.  Gesell.,  S.  454. 

Eastern  and  Middle  States. 


127 


Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells  of  the  State  of 
New  York 

BY  JAMES   LEWIS,   MOHAWK,   N.  Y. 

[Read  before  tliis  Society,  July  3, 1874.] 

So  far  as  relates  to  the  Molluscs  found  within  its  borders,  the 
State  of  New  York  may  be  considered  as  embracing  portions  of 
two  distinct  areas,  each,  in  a  measure,  characterized  by  a  fauna  of 
its  own.  This  is  more  especially  true  of  the  Molluscs  found  in  the 
larger  rivers,  but  less  conspicuously  apparent  in  the  Terrestrial 
Molluscs. 

In  the  attempts  of  early  writers  to  classify  the  Molluscs  of  the 
State  of  New  York  a  considerable  number  of  species  then  not 
known  to  occur  within  the  limits  of  the  State  were  tabulated  as 
"Extra  Limital."  More  recent  investigations  have  shown  that 
many  species  then  regarded  as  extra  limital  really  occur  within  the 
borders  of  the  State.  Many  of  the  species  to  which  this  remark 
applies  are  such  as  are  known  to  occur  in  the  system  of  drainage  of 
which  the  Ohio  River  is  the  grand  trunk.  Some  of  these  species 
are  found  in  the  streams  flowing  into  the  great  lakes  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  State. 

In  more  eastern  and  central  portions  of  the  State  occur  a  few 
species  which  apparently  belong  to  the  Ohio  Basin,  but  which  have 
by  some  means  been  colonized  where  found.  But  the  larger  portion 
of  the  species  of  the  waters  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  State  are 
such  as  are  classed  in  i\\Q fauna  of  the  "Atlantic  slope." 

There  are  among  the  land  shells  indications  of  two  if  not  of  three 
distinct  faunce.  The  minor  aquatic  species  also  offer  similar  indi- 
cations. But  in  a  paper,  the  principal  purpose  of  which  is  to  col- 
late facts  relative  to  geograpliical  distribution,  it  may  not  be  neces- 


128 

sary  to  enter  at  large  upon  a  discussion  of  special  faunm.  It  will, 
perhaps,  be  sufficient  to  state  that  we  find  within  the  State  repre- 
sentatives of  the  following /az^wfl?,  viz.: 

1st.    Fauna  of  the  Atlantic  slope. 

2d.    Western  Fauna. 

3d.     Sub-boreal  or  Circumpolar  Fauna. 

Writers  on  the  Molluscs  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  have 
sufficiently  characterized  these  several  faunae,  and  students  who 
may  desire  to  look  further  into  this  subject  may  find  it  sufficiently 
amplified  in  the  writings  of  Dr.  Lea,  Dr.  Gould,  Dr.  Binney,  W.  G. 
Binney,  Say,  Bland,  and  other  distinguished  writers  whose  names 
are  widely  associated  with  American  Conchology. 

In  the  few  remarks  it  may  be  proper  to  make  respecting  Classifi- 
cation it  will  suffice  to  say  that  the  systems  adopted  by  recent 
American  writers  have  been  retained  with  only  slight  variations. 
The  few  essential  changes  which  it  has  been  thought  expedient  to 
make  embrace  restitutions  and  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that  species 
have  not  in  all  cases  been  classified  with  a  proper  understanding  of. 
their  anatomy.  The  species  embraced  in  the  following  tables  are 
compiled  principally  from  the  results  of  explorations  made  within 
the  last  fifteen  years : 

About  thirteen  years  ago,  assisted  by  Hon,  G.  W.  Clinton,  Mr. 
W.  W.  Stewart  and  others,  the  late  Coleman  T.  Eobinson  (one  of 
the  founders  and  early  patrons  of  the  Buffalo  Society  of  Natural 
Sciences)  compiled  a  list  of  species  collected  in  the  western  part  of 
the  State,  principally  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Buffalo.  Mr. 
Eobinson's  manuscript  appears  to  be  very  faithfully  compiled,  and 
leaves  very  little  to  be  done  to  complete  the  work  in  the  part  of 
the  State  to  which  it  relates. 

The  late  Prof.  C.  Dewey,  of  Rochester,  in  a  paper'  accompanying 
a  donation  of  shells  to  the  State  Cabinet  at  Albany,  gives  a  list  of 
species  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Rochester,  and  in  other  portions  of 
Western  New  York.  Mr.  Truman  II.  Aldrich,  while  a  student  of 
the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  at  Troy,  compiled  a  "Partial 

1  In  Ninth  Annual  Report  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York  on  the 
condition  of  the  State  Cabinet,  etc.,  etc. 


129 

list  oi"  Shells  I'ound  iioar  Troy,  N.  Y.,"  ■which  avjis  embodied  in  the 
Twenty-second  Annual  Ixo]iort  on  the  State  Cabinet  of  Natural 
History. 

The  writer  ol'  this  i)aper  has  at  various  times  prepared  cataloffuos 
of  the  shell-bearing  Molluscs  of  Herkimer  and  adjacent  counties. 
He  has  also  enjoyed  correspondence  Avith  many  active  collectors 
whose  manuscripts  and  specimens  (hitherto  luirecorded)  have,  with 
the  preceding,  contributed  toAvard  the  present  paper. 

Among  the  gentlemen  to  Avhom  these  acknowledgments  are  due 
may  be  mentioned 

Dr.  T.  K.  Ingalls,  late  of  GreenAvich,  Washington  county. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Skillton,  late  of  Troy. 

Col.  E.  JeAvett,  Lockport. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Yager,  Oneonta. 

Dr.  Caleb  Green,  Homer,  Cortland  county. 

Dr.  Wm.  H.  BroAvn,  Cedarville  (formerly  of  Litchfield,  Herkimer 
county). 

Dr. Hubbard,  late  of  Staten  Island. 

Jn  addition  to  these  sources  of  information,  it  has  been  necessary 
to  consult  various  Conchological  Avorks  of  American  Avriters.  It 
Avill  suffice  to  mention  the  folloAving : 

Observations  on  the  Genus  Unio,  etc.,  by  Isaac  Lea,  LL.  D. 

Synopsis  of  the  Family  Naiades,  1870,  by  Isaac  Lea,  LL.  D. 

Eectification  of  Conrad's  Synopsis  (reprint),  by  Isaac  Lea,  LL.  D. 

Terrestrial  Molluscs,  by  Amos  Binney,  M.  D. 

Writings  of  Thomas  Say  (reprint),  by  W.  G.  Binney. 

Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells,'  by  W.  G.  Binney  and  Thos.  Bland. 

Conchological  Journal,  G.  W.  Tryon,  Jr. 

Strepomatidae,^  by  G.  W.  Tryon,  Jr. 

Corbiculadae,*  by  Temple  Prime. 
And  various  fragmentary  papers  by  W.  G.  Binney  and  others. 

Not  having  De  Kay's  original  Avork  on  the  Shells  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  it  Avill  be  understood  that  the  compiler  of  this  paper 
has  depended  almost  entirely  on  original  sources  of  information  for 
all  tliat  is  here  presented. 

2  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  Nos.  143,  114,  104. 

3  Sniitlisonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  No.  So-I. 
*  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  No.  145. 

BUL.   EVF.   see.   NAT.   SCI.  (17)  AUGUST,    1874. 


130 

In  citing  authorities  for  local  clistrihution  the  name  of  the  person 
quoted  refers  to  the  locality  associated  therewith  in  the  above  lists, 
unless  otherwise  indicated. 

It  had  been  hoped  that  the  results  of  contemplated  explorations 
in  the  head  waters  of  the  Ohio  in  Western  New  York  might  have 
been  reached  in  season  to  contirm  and  extend  the  list  of  species 
here  presented.  Though  this  hope  is  unfortunately  deferred,  it  is 
scarcely  to  be  expected  that  more  than  a  very  few  species  would 
have  been  reached  not  already  known  to  belong  to  this  State.  It 
is,  however,  prohahle,  that  an  undescribed  species  of  Uriio  occurs  in 
the  outlet  of  Chautauqua  Lake ;  and  that  one,  perhaps  two  species 
of  PomatiojJsis,  may  be  found  in  some  of  the  western  counties. 
Hopes  are  entertained  that  certain  species  of  land  shells  somewhat 
indefinitely  credited  by  Binney  and  Bland  to  this  State,  may  be 
found  within  its  limits;  no  other  record  of  them  is  available  for 
present  purposes.  Though  this  paper  has  been  made  as  comprehen- 
sive as  could  be  expected  from  the  material  available,  it  is  probable 
that  species  have  been  omitted  which  are  known  to  others  to  belong 
to  the  fauna  of  New  York.  At  some  future  day,  perhaps,  the  Sta^e 
of  New  York  may  authorize  a  revision  of  the  work  already  pub- 
lished under  its  patronage  on  this  subject.  When  this  work  shall 
be  decided  upon,  the  value  of  this  and  other  similar  papers  will  be 
at  once  apparent. 


GASTEROPODA  PULMONATA. 

Suborder  Geophila. 

Family  HELICIDAE. 

Subfamily  VITRININAE. 

YITRINA,  Drap. 
V.  limpid,  Oould.  Aldricli ;  Lewis. 

HELICODISCUS,  Morse. 
H.  lineatus,  Say.  Aldricli ;  Brown  ;  Ingalls ;  Lewis. 


131 

MACROCYCLIS,  Beck. 

M.  concavaj  <S?^.  Aldricli ;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

LIMAX,  Linn. 

Subgenus  EU LIMAX,  Moq-Tand. 

E.  flavus,  Linn.  Lewis. 

E.  agrestis,  Linn.  Lewis. 

E.  caiupestris,  Binney.  Lewis. 

Subgenus  PATULA,  Haldeman. 

P.  solitariaj  Say.  Western  New  York  (Jewett). 

P.  alteruata,  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

P.  perspectira,  Say.  Brown  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

P.  striatella,  ^l/i<A.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  STROBILA,  Morse. 
S.  labyrinthica,  <S(/^.  Hubbard  ;  Ingalls  ;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  STENOTREMA,  Raf. 

S.  hirsuta,  Say.  Near  New  Hartford  (Jewett). 

S.  moiiodoiij  Eackett.  Aldrich ;  Brown  ;  Ingalls ;  Lewis ;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  TRIODOPSIS,  Raf. 

T.  palliataj  &/y.  Aldrich;  Brown;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

T.  trideutata,  ;Sa^.  Aldrich;  Brown;  Ingalls;  Lewis. 

T.  fallax,  Say.  .  Quoted  by  Robinson,  who  may  have  mistaken 

a  small  variety  of  tridcntata. 

Subgenus  MESODON,  Raf. 

M.  albolabris,  Say.  Common  in  every  part  of  the  State. 

M.  albolabris,  5«i^ (dentate  var.)  Brown. 
M.  exoleta,  Binney.  Bobinson  ;  W.  G.  Binney. 

?  M.  luultiliucata,  Say.  W.  G.  Binney. 

i  M.  elevata,  Say.  W.  G.  Binney. 

M.  deiitiferaj  Binney.  Brown  ;  Lewis;  New  Hartford  (Jewett) ;  Buf- 

falo (Stewart). 
M.  tbyroides, -Say.  Aldrich;  Brown;  Lewis;  Robinson. 


i  M.  profuiula,  Say. 
M.  diodonta,  Say.^ 


132 

W.  G.  Binney. 
Brown;  Lewis;  Yager. 


Subgenus  VALLONIA,  Risso. 
V.  pulchella,  Mnller.  Common  in  nearly  all  parts  of  tlie  State. 

PUNCTUM,  Morse. 

P.  miimtissimum,  Z(;«.  Brown;  Lewis;  Jewett. 

Subfamily  PUPINAE. 


CTONELLA,  Jeffreys. 

Subgenus  ZUA,  Leach. 

Z.  subcyliiidrica,  iw?i.  Aldricb;  Brown;  Ingalls;  Lewis. 

PUPA,  Drap. 


P.  muscoruiii,  Linn. 
P.  pentodon,  Say. 


Subgenus  PUPILLA,  Leach. 

Robinson  ;  Crownpoint  (Adams  in  "  Vermont 

Shells"). 
Lewis. 


Subgenus  LEUCOCHILA,  Alb.  (fi  Mart. 


L.  fallax,  Say. 
1 L.  armifera,  Say. 
L.  contracta,  Say. 
L.  corticaria,  Say. 
'I  L.  rupicola,  Say. 


Crownpoint  (Adams^). 

Binney  and  Bland. 

Lewis. 

Lewis. 

Binney  and  Bland. 


?  I.  Gouldii,  Binney. 
I.  BoUesiaua,  Morse. 


VERTIGO,  Muller. 

Subgenus  ISTHMIA,  Gray. 

Hubbard  ;  Binney  and  Bland. 
Brown ;  Lewis. 


s  Under  the  subgenus  Mesodon  it  becomes  proper  to  restore  the  name  given  to  this  species  by 
Mr.  Say.  Dr.  Binney's  designation  would  read  Mesodon  Sayii,  Binney.  It  will  unquestionably 
ranli  as  a  synonym  in  recent  classifications. 

6  Adams'  Vermont  Shells. 


133 


'I  I.  iniliiim,  Oould. 
I.  ovata,  Sity. 
I.  veiitrieosai,  Morse. 
I.  simplex^  ISay. 


Binney  and  Bland. 
Hubbard ;  Lewis. 
Brown  ;  Ijowia. 
Brown ;  Lewis. 

SUCCINEA,  Drnp. 


S.  oralis,  Gould. 
S.  a  vara,  Say. 
S.  aurea,  Lea.  (?) 

S.  aurea,  Lea.  (?) 


S.  obliqua,  Sar. 
S.  Totteniana,  Lea. 


Subgenus  SUCCINEA,  Drup.  s.  str. 

Aldrich ;   Brown;  Ingalls ;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Ingiills  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Staten  Island,  Hubbard.  (Probably  not  au- 
thentic.) 

Little  Lakes,  Lewis.  (Probably  not  clearly 
identified.) 

Aldrich  ;  Ingalls ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Aldrich  ;  Hubbard  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis. 


2  P.  fiiscus,  Midler. 


Family  ARIONIDAE. 

AKION,  Ferimac. 

Subgenus  PROLEPIS,  Moq-Tand. 

Binney  and  Bland. 
Subfamily  ZONITINAE. 


ZONITES,  Montf. 


0.  fuliginosa,  Orif. 
0.  iuornata,^  Binney. 
0.  Wardiana,*  Lea. 
0.  libera,  Say  (Lea). 

0.  cellaria,'  MuUer. 


Subgenus  OMPHALINA,  Raf. 

Aldrich  ;  Brown  ;   Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 
Brown  ;  Lewis  ;  Jewett  (at  New  Hartford). 
Brown  ;  Lewis  {Zonites  ligerus,  B.  &  B.). 
Brown ;  Lewis ;  Clarence,  N.  Y.  (W.W.  Stewart). 

IZonites  intertextus,  B.  &  B.] 
Sea-port  towns,  B.  &  B. ;    Hubbard ;  (Buffalo) 

Clinton. 


1  Bland  entertains  doubts  if  the  species  referred  to  inomata  by  Binney,  is  identical  with 
Say's  species  of  that  name. 

8  Tills  is  Dr.  Binney's  "  Helix  lisera  of  Say."  Say's  oriu:inal  ligera  is  a  Missouri  shell.  It 
does  not  appear  in  any  public  record  that  ligei-a  has  been  properly  identified  or  authenticated  by 
reference  to  anginal  types.  Mr.  Lea  appears  to  have  claims  to  this  species,  strongly  sustained 
by  the  early  traditions  which  refer  the  shell  which  Dr.  Binney  calls  intertexla  to  ligera.  Say. 

9  O.  cellaria  has  recently  been  detected  at  Buffalo  by  Mr.  Wm.  W.  Stewart. 


134 


0.  nitida,  Mailer. 

0.  arI)orea,  Say. 
0.  viridula,  Menke. 
0.  iudentata,  Say. 

0.  miiiusciila,  Biiiney. 

0.  ferrea,  Morse. 

0.  exiguus,  Stimpson. 


Aldrich  (at  Cherry  Valley);  Ingalls;  Lewis; 

Robinson. 
Aldricli;   Brown;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 
Ingalls ;  Lewis. 
Lewis.    (Probably  a  common  but  not  abundant 

species.) 
Brown;  Lewis. 
Brown. 
Brown. 


Subgenus  VENTRIDENS,   TF.  G.  Binney. 

V.  multidentata,  Binney.  Aldrich  ;  Brown. 

V.  siippressa,  Say.  Hubbard. 


Family  PHILOMYCIDAE. 


T.  CarolinensiSj  Bosc. 
T.  dorsalisj  Binney. 


TEBEXNOPHORUS,  Binney. 

Lewis;  Robinson. 
Lewis. 


Suborder  Limnophila. 


Family  AURICULIDAE. 


A.  inyosotis,  Drnp. 


ALEXIA,  Leach. 

Hubbard  ;  B.  &  B.,  Marine  coast. 


C.  exiguum,  Say. 


CARTCHIUM,  Mailer. 

Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis.  [Though  not  quoted 
by  Robinson  this  species  undoubtedly  occurs 
in  Western  New  York.] 

Subfamily  MELAMPINAE. 


M.  bidentatusi,  Say. 


MELAMPUS,  Montf. 

Hubbard  ;  B.  &  B.,  Marine  coast. 


135 


L.  sta^nalis,  Linn. 


R.  ampla;  Mighels. 
R.  columella,  Say. 


B.  iiiegrosonia,  t^ay. 


L.  reflex  a,  Say. 
L.  elodes,^*^  Say. 
L.  desidiosa,  Say. 
L.  eiuarginata,  Say. 

L.  cataseopium,  Say. 
L.  umbilicata,^^  Adams. 
L.  pallida,  Adams. 
L.  humilis,  -Sfcri/. 


Family  LIMNAEIDAE. 

Subfamily  LIMNAEINAE. 
LIMNAEA,  Lamarck. 

r 

Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  RADIX,  Montf. 

Aldricli. 
Ingalls ;  Lewis. 

Subgenus  BULIMNEA,  Uald. 

Lake  Champlaiu  (Ingalls),  [Adams'  Vermont 
Shells.] 

Subgenus  LIMNOPHYSA,  Fitz. 

B.  &  B.,  Western  New  York.  ? 

Aldricli ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Hubbard. 

Aldricli ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis. 

Owasco  Lake  (Lewis).     Probably  will  be  found 

in  other  lakes. 
Ingalls ;  Lewis. 
Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis. 

Lake  Chamjilain  (Adams);  Little  Lakes  (Lewis). 
Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis. 


A.  gracilis,  Jay. 
A.  galbaiia,'!  Say. 


P.  Hildretliiana,  Lea. 
P.  anclllaria,  Say. 


Subgenus  ACELLA,  Uald. 

Aldrich  (in  letters) ;  Ingalls ;  Lewis  ;  Squaw 

Island,  Niagara  River  (David  F.  Day). 
(Fossil)  Lewis.     [In  calcareous  tufa.] 

PHYSA,  Bra^). 

Robinson. 

Aldrich ;  Ingalls  ;  Owasco  Lake  (Lewis). 


10  Say's  name  for  this  species  is  retained,  because  tlieywho  identify  our  shells  with  analogous 
European  forms  do  not  preserve  the  parallel  by  identifyins;  catascojnuin  with  pereger.  as  should 
follow,  as  a  natural  sequence.  The  full  discussion  of  this  topic  would  require  too  much  space  at 
this  time. 

n  Eastern  collectors  hesitate  to  place  umbilicata  in  the  synonjiny  of  L.  caperala,  Say,  which 
seems  to  be  related  to  umbilicata  as  rejiexa  is  to  elodes. 


136 

P.  lieterostroplia,  <Srt^.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

P.  Niagareiisis,  Lea.  Niagara  River  (Lea). 

BU LINUS,  Adanmn. 
B.  hypuorum,  Zi/in.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  ISODORA,  Ehrenh. 

I.  Integra,  Ilald.  W.  G.  Binney.     The  specimens  quoted  by  W. 

G.  B.  are  young  of  P.  heterostr&pha. 

PLANORBIS,  Guettard. 

P.  lentus.  Say.  W.  G.  Binney,  in  "  Land  and  Fresh  Water 

Shells." 

Subgenus  PLANORBELLA,  Haldeman. 
P.  cainpannlatus.  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  HELISOMA,  Swainson. 

H.  trivolvis,  >Say.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

H.  bicarinatus,  dS«?/.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Subgenus  MENETUS,  H.  &  A.  Adams. 
M.  exacutus,  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls ;  Lewis. 

Subgenus  GYRAULUS,  Agassiz. 

G.  deflectuSj  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

G.  (lilatatus,  Gould.  Ingalls. 

G.  albus,  Midler.  Lewis. 

G.  parvus,  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

SEGMENTINA,  Fleming. 

Subgenus  PLANORBULA,  Hald. 
P.  aniiigera,  »S'rty.  ■  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 


137 

Subfaniily  ANCYLINAE. 

ANCYLUS,  Gcoffroy. 

A.  fiisciiSj  Adams.  Lewis. 

A.  tanlns,^^  tiay.  Lewis;  llobinsou  ?  Aldrich? 

A.  patallelus,!-  Uald.  Adams  (Vermont);  Lewis;  Robinson? 

GASTEROPODA  PECTINIBEANCIIIATA. 
(Operculata.) 

Family  VALYATIDAE. 


YALYATA,  0.  F.  Mull. 

Y.  ti'icariuata,^^  Say.  Aldricli ;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

Y.  sincera,  *S'(/^.  lugalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 


Family  TIYIPARIDAE. 

YIYIPAKA,  Lamarck. 
Y.  COiitectoides,  W.  G.  Binncy.     Colonized  from  Illinois  (Lewis). 

Subgenus  MELANTHO,  Bowditch. 

M.  (Iccisns,  Say.  Aldricli ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

M.  intei?ci',^*  Z)e/iffy.  Aldricli;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

M.  rilfus^  Ilald.  Aldricli;  lugalls;  Lewis.  This  species  occurs  at 

Buffalo,  ihongh.  not  catalogued  by  Robinson. 

'2  Two  species  Ancijlus,  not  identified  iiy  Rol)inson,  may  prove  to  be  tardus  and  imraUelus. 
A  species  (not  identified)  noticed  by  Aldrich  is  (iiiite  liicely  to  be  Say's  tardus,  a  species  occur- 
ring in  tlie  Mohawk  River  in  Central  New  Yorlj.  Aldriclfs  specimens  were  taken  from  that 
river  at  Cohoes. 

1^  An  elevated  variety  of  this  species,  destitute  of  carinae,  having  the  color  and  nearly  the 
form  of  r.  firens,  Tryon,  occurs  in  the  "  Little  Lakes"'  in  the  southern  part  of  llio  county  of 
Herkimer  1    Tryon's  species  is  from  Clear  Lake,  California  ! 

i''This  is  De  Kay's  Pal.  Integra,  assuredly;  but  is  it  also  Say's?  There  are  reasons  for 
believing  our  shells  are  simply  a  variety  iii'  jfonderosus.  Say. 

liUL.    liVl\   SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (IS)  AUGUST,    1874. 


138 


Family  BISSOIDAE. 

BYTHINELLA,  Moq-Tand. 

B.  obtiisa;  Lea.  Lewis.     Thia  species  may  Lave  been  noticed 

by  Robinson  under  a  different  name,  clearly 
not  tenable. 

GILLIAj  Stimjison. 

G.  altiliSj  Lea.  Catalogued  by  Aldrich  as  Somatocjynis  integer. 

Say. 

SOMATOGYRUS,  QUI 

S.  subg'lobosus^  Say.  Lewis ;  Robinson.     Usually  called  S.  isogonus, 

Say. 

AMNICOLA,^^  Gould  and  Raldeman. 

A.  porata,  Say.  Cayuga  Lake  (Say). 

A.  pallida,  Raid.  l^ake  Champlain  (Haldeman). 

A.  CinciunatiensiSj  Anth.  Lewis.     Recorded  by  Robinson  under  another 

name  ? 

A.  oii)iciilata,  Lea.  Cayuga  Lake  (Lea). 

A.  liisti'icaj  Say.  Cayuga  Lake  (Say) ;  Central  New  York  (Lewis). 

A.  liiuosa.  Say.  Delaware  River?  Southern  New  York? 

15  The  genus  Amnicola  seems  to  have  been  a  source  of  much  difficulty  to  the  students  of 
Ameiiciin  Conchology,  and  is  even  yet  apparently  not  well  understood.  Dr.  Gould  in  his  Inv<.-r- 
tebrata  of  Massachusetts  (original  edition)  seems  to  have  made  a  tolerable  approach  to  the 
identification  of  Say's  ^JWrtto.  Forms  precisely  like  Massachusetts  shells  from  localities  pro- 
ducing shells  studied  by  Dr.  Gould,  found  in  various  lakes  and  streams  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  show  that  identical  species  in  this  genus  are  wide-spread.  The  occurrence  of  two  fomis 
in  Cayuga  Lake,  both  described  and  located  by  Say  ;  and  the  simultaneous  occurrence  of  two 
forms  (meeting  Say's  text  in  all  but  the  locality)  in  numerous  small  bodies  of  w.atcr  within  the 
State  of  New  York,  must  be  regarded  as  throwing  very  strong  light  on  questions  of  identity. 
The  only  safe  inference  that  can  be  drawn  from  the  considerations  above  stated  is,  that  2)allida 
and  orHculata  Ai-p.  probably  varieties  of  porata.  As  regards  pallida  (referred  to  Lake  Cham- 
plain),  we  find  it  jrt'obably  associated  with  a  shell  which  Adams  in  his  "Vermont  Shells" 
correctly  identifies  as  Say's  lustrica.  If  this  probability  should  e\entually  prove  to  be  cer- 
tainty, it  will  allbrd  abundant  corroboration  of  all  that  is  inferred  from  the  association  and 
distribution,  of  species  elsewhere.  If,  on  tlie  other  hand,  it  should  prove  to  be  true  that  the  shell 
Adams  identified  as  lustrica  was  not  really  that  species,  we  can  then  infer  no  less  than  that  the 
shell  he  had  before  him  was  identical  with  the  species  now  known  as  Btjthinclla  obtiisa.  Lea. 


Family  STREPOMATIDAE,  Ilaldeman. 
STllEFOMA,  Raf. 

Subgenus  TRYPANOSTOMA,  Lea. 

T.  siihnlare, />ea.  Aldricli?'"  Lewis;  Robinson. 

T.  pallidum^  Lea.  Niagara  River  (Lea). 

Subgenus  GONIOUASIS,  Lea. 

G.  livesccns,  Menke.  Niagara  River  (Robinson) ;  Central  New  York 

(Lewis). 
G.  (lepygis,  Say.  Lake  Champlain  (Adams) ;  [querie,  Uvescens  f] 

G.  Haldeiuani,  Tryon.  St.  Lawrence  Riv.  (Tryon) ;  [querie,  livescens?'\ 

G.  gomnia,  DeKay.  Mud  Creek,  Onondaga  Co. ;  [querie,  livesc€ns?'\ 

G»  Vil'g'iuicaj  Gmclin.  Aldricli ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson.     Say  mentions  mV- 

ginica  as  occurring  in  Niagara  River.  May 
he  not  have  had  before  him  one  of  the  two 
species  of  Trypanostoma  described  by  Lea  1 

Subgenus  ANCULOSA,  Say. 

A.  carinata,  Brvg.  Homer,  Cortland  county  (Dr.  Green) ;  Oneonta 

(Yager). 

COIS'CHIFERA    LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 

Family  CORBICULADAE. 

SPHAEKIUM,  Scopoli. 

S.  simile,  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis ;  Robinson. 

S.  solidulum,  Prime.  Lewis. 

S.  striatimim,  ia?rt.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

S.  liiomboideum,  Say.  Ingalls ;  Lewis ;  Robinson. 

16  Aldrich  seems  to  have  been  in  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  some  of  the  species  observed  bj' 
him  at  Troy.    His  record  embraces  the  following  species : 

"  Melania  virginica,  Gmelin.'''' 

"  Melania  elevata,  >Say." 

"Melania  subularis?  i«a." 

It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  species  he  called  "  elevata'''  may  have  been  that  which  is 
tabulated  here  as  G.  Uvescens,  Menke.    The  other  two  species  are  probably  correctly  surmised. 


140 

S.  fabale.  Prime.  Wayne  Co.  (Aldrich) ;  Herkimer  Co.  (Lewis). 

S.  occidentale,  Prime.  Brown;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  W.  W.  Stewart. 

S.  partuineinm,  Say.  Hubbard  ;  Ingalls ;  Robinson. 

S.  transversumj  >S«^.  Lewis;  Robinson. 

S.  securej  Prime.  Aldrich  ;  Lewis. 

S.  rosaceuiiij^' Prme.  Lewis.     (Specimens  named  by  Prime.) 

S.  croceum,^^  Lewis.  Herkimer  and  Otsego  counties  (Lewis). 

S.  truncatum,  Linsley.  Robinson. 

PISIDIUM,  Pfeiffer. 

P.  virginicuin,  Bourg.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

P.  aequilaterale,  Prime.  Lewis. 

P.  compressuiUj  Prime.  Aldrich  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis.   (It  occurs  far  West.) 

P.  variabile,  Prime.  Ingalls  ;  Lewis. 

P.  Novi-Eboracensej^^  Prme.  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

P.  abdituiilj  Hald.  Aldrich;  Ingalls;  Lewis;  Robinson. 

P.  ferrngineum,^"  Prime.  Lewis. 

P.  Yeiitricosum,2i  Prime.  Lewis. 


Family  UNIONIDAE. 

3IA11GAR0N,  Lea.    [In  "  Synopsis,"  1870.] 

Subgenus  UNIOj  Brug. 

U.  alatuSj  Say.  Aldrich;  Dewey;  Jewett;  Robinson. 

U.  anodontoides,  Lea.  Robinson. 

U.  BoydianuSj  Zm.  "  Observations,  &c."  Lea. 

U.  cariosuSj  Say.  Aldrich  ;  Dewey  ;2  2  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Skillton. 

17  Mr.  Prime  refers  this  species  to  the  Schuylkill  River,  Pa.  Mr.  Charles  M.  Wheatley,  whose 
copper  works  are  located  on  the  bank  of  that  stream,  says  he  has  not  been  able  to  And  this 
species  in  the  Schujikill.  It  is  such  a  species  as  one  might  expect  would  occur  only  ia  sluggish 
ditches  or  stagnant  -water,  having  habits  in  some  respects  like  those  ot  partumeium,  of  which 
species  it  may  be  only  a  variety. 

13  Mr.  Prime  puts  croceum  in  the  synonymy  of  secure,  from  which  species  it  differs  in  habit, 
occurring  most  abundantly  anchored  by  a  byssus  in  the  interstices  of  angular  gravel  in  the  bed 
of  a  stream,  while  secure  prefers  stagnant  water  with  a  soft,  muddy  bottom.  The  soft  parts 
of  crocemn  are  very  yellow. 

19  This  seems  to  be  a  luxuriant  development  of  P.  variahile. 

20  P.  ferrugineum  seems  to  be  a  poorly  developed  or  dwarfed  form  of  tariabile. 

21  The  specimens  of  ventricosiim,  found  in  Central  New  York,  are  smaller  than  those  found  in 
Massachusetts,  and  possibly  larger  than  specimens  from  near  Lake  Superior,  named  rotunda- 
turn,,  Pr.  Being  also  intermediate  in  form  they  forcibly  suggest  the  identity  of  rotundatum 
with  ventricosum. 

22 Dewey  refers  cariosus  to  creeks  near  Buffalo.  May  not  his  reference  involve  v.  occidens. 
Lea,  instead  of  cariosus  ? 


141 


U.  cocci  nous,  Lea. 

{],  comitlaiiiitus,  Solander. 

U.  eU'^aiis,  Lea. 

U.  ellipsis,  Tjca. 

U.  gibbosiis,  Btjtrncs. 

U.  gracilis,  Barnes. 

II.  hoterodon,  Lea. 
U.  liippopaeus.  Lea. 
U.  iris,  Lea. 
U.  ligameiitinns.  Lain. 
U.  liiteolus,  Lam. 
U.  multiradiatus.  Lea. 
U.  nasutus,  a^t/. 
U.  Novi-Eboraci,  Lea. 
U.  occidens,  Lea. 
U.  ocliraceus,  -Swy. 
U.  parvus,  Barnes. 
U.  pliaseolus,  i^jVc?. 
U.  pressus.  Lea. 

U.  pustulatus.  Lea. 
U.  radiatus,  Xam. 

U.  rectus.  Lam. 

U.  rosaceus.  Be  Kay. 

U.  rublgiuosus,  Zea. 

U.  spatulatus.  Lea. 

U.  Tappauiaiius,  Xea. 

U.  triangularis,  Barnes. 

U.  trig-onus,  Xea. 

U.  undulatus,  Barnes. 

U.  ventricosiis,  Barnes. 


Robinson. 

Aldricli ;  Dowcy  ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  ;  Skillton. 

lloltinson. 

Robinson. 

Lewis ;  Robinson. 

Dewey;    Robinson.      Said   to   occur   in   Lake 

Champlain. 
Robinson. 

Buffalo  River  (W.  W.  Stewart). 
Dewey. 
Robinson. 

Dewey  ;  Lewis ;  Robinson. 
Robinson. 

Aldricli ;  lugalls  ;  Robinson. 
Dewey;  Jewett  (Lockport) ;  Robinson. 
Robinson. 

Aldricli ;  Lewis  ;  Skillton. 
Robinson. 
Robinson. 
Aldricb ;  Ingalls  ;  Lewis  (Owasco  Lake  outlet) ; 

Robinson. 
Robinson. 
Aldricli;    Dewey;    Ingalls;    Jewett;    Lewis; 

Skillton. 
Dewey ;  Ingalls  (Lake  Champlain) ;  Robinson 
Dewey ;  Jewett. 
Dewey;  Robinson. 
Robinson. 

Aldricb  ;  Lewis  ;  Skillton. 
Robinson. 
Robinson. 
Robinson. 
Jewett  (Lockport);  Robinson.     Said  to  occur 

in  Lake  Champlain. 


Subgenus  MARGARITA NA,  ScJium. 


M.  com  plana  t  a,  Barnes. 
M.  Hildrctliiana,  Lea. 
M.  margaritifera,  Lin. 
M.  marginata.  Say. 
M.  rug'osa,  Barnes. 

M.  undnlata.  Say. 


Robinson. 

Buffalo  River  (W.  W.  Stewart). 

Reported  orally.     liocalities  not  known. 

Aldrich ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Aldrich  ;  Dewey  ;  Jewett ;   Lewis  ;  Robinson  ; 

Skillton. 
Aldrich  ;  Dewey  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson  ;  Skillton. 


142 


Subgenus  ANODONTA,  Lam. 


A.  Benedictii,  Lea. 

A.  edeiitula,  Say. 

I  A.  Ferussaciana,-^  Lea. 

A.  Footiana,  Lea. 

A.  fluviatilis,  Bill. 

A.  fragilis,  Lam. 

A.  iml)ecillis,  Say. 

A.  implicata,  Say. 

A.  lacustris,  Lea. 

A.  Lewisii,  Lea. 

A.  subcylindracea,  Lea. 

A.  undulata,  /Scrj^. 


Dewey  ;  Lea  (Lake  Cliamplain) ;  Robinson. 

Genesee  River  (Dewey). 

Genesee  River  (Dewey). 

Dewey ;  Robinson. 

Lewis ;  Skillton. 

Dewey. 

Dewey  ;  Lewis ;  Robinson. 

Skillton. 

Ingalls ;  Lewis. 

Dewey  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Dewey  ;  Lewis  ;  Robinson. 

Ingalls ;   Lewis.     Dewey  quotes  the   species, 

erroneously,  no  doubt.     It  may  not  occur  so 

far  west. 


23  This  is  probably  an  erroneous  interpretation  of  a  sexual  variety  of  A.  subcylindracea. 
An.  Ferussaciana  probably  does  not  occur  in  this  State. 


143 


IX.    New  Noctuae 

BY    AUG.   R.    GROTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  Avgust  7, 1874.] 

Hadena  confoderata,  Grote. 

$  . — Allied  to  II.  rurea,  and  similarly  sized.  Eyes  naked,  tibiae  unarmed. 
Smoothly  scaled,  of  a  peculiar  light  olivaceous  ash  color  with  brownish  black 
blotches  on  the  fore  wings.  Collar  light  brown  ;  the  prothoracic  pieces  sliow 
a  central  curved  dark  line,  above  this  they  are  blackish.  The  fore  wings  have 
indistinct  lines;  they  are  shaded  or  blotched  with  blackish  at  base,  on  the  sub- 
basal  space  superiorly,  and  beyond  the  geminate  t.  a.  line  about  the  indistinct 
claviform  spot.  The  stigmata  are  coucolorous  with  the  ashen  wing,  moderate, 
upright,  entirely  undefined,  determined  by  blackish  shades  between  them  and 
by  the  blackish  costal  edge.  Beyond  the  reniform,  a  large  blackish  blotch  ob- 
tains, irregularly  triangulate,  from  the  costal  region  downwards.  It  extends 
on  costal  region  from  above  the  reniform  to  tlie  apices  ;  reaching  downwardly 
to  vein  2,  obliquely  margined  on  its  inner  edge  and  outwardly  conforming  to 
the  subterminal  line,  leaving  the  terminal  space  ashen  but  crossing  this  latter 
medially  at  tlie  place  of  the  usual  w-niark.  A  terminal  interrujited  dotted 
line.  Fringes  ashen,  outwardly  dotted  with  a  darker  shade.  Hind  wings 
blackish  fuscous,  without  markings,  paler  at  base ;  fringes  pale.  Beneath 
pale,  much  shaded  with  fuscous,  especially  on  fore  wings ;  no  distinct  lines  or 
discal  points. 

Expanse,  35  m.m.     New  Orleans  (Mr.  V.  T.  Clianibers),     Texas. 

Tacniosea,  n.  g. 

The  moth  is  allied  to  the  species  of  Taeniocampa.  The  head  is  somewhat 
closely  applied  to  the  thorax  as  in  that  genus.  The  frontal  hairs  form  a  large 
loose  longer  tuft  ;  the  squamation  is  loosely  wooly.  The  eyes  are  naked,  with 
lashes  ;  maxillae  moderate.  Labial  palpi  long,  equaling  the  front  or  slightly 
exceeding  it,  third  joint  proportionately  long  and  more  closely  scaled.  Anten- 
nae simple,  scaled  above,  pubescent  beneath  with  lateral  setae  which  are 
merely  longer  in  the  male.  Thorax  with  the  collar  distinctly  lobed  and  with 
a  slight  frontal  tuft,  else  untufted  as  is  the  abdomen.  The  abdomen  has  the 
ovipositor  lengthily  exserted.  All  the  tibiae  unarmed.  The  slight  species 
otfer  a  combination  of  structural  characters,  ex])0sed  above,  which  will  ex- 
clude them  from  any  of  Lederer's  genera.  In  ornamentation  there  is  a  certain 
resemblance  to  Taeniocampa  gothica. 

Taeniosca  s?eiitilis,  Grote. 

5  2  . — Mouse  gray  with  a  carneous  tinge  on  the  thorax,  not  unlike  the  color 
of  Taeniocampn  alia.  The  fore  wings  are  tingc-d  with  carneous  ochre  on  the 
median  s])ac('  and  sometimes  i""  over  the  whole  wing.     The  transverse   lines 


144 

are  geminate,  black  or  blackish,  interrupted  or  indistinct,  tlie  t.  p.  line  not 
much  esserted  opposite  the  cell,  followed  by  a  double  series  of  black  nervular 
Ijoints.  Subterminal  line  pale,  preceded  by  interspaceal  cuneiform  dark  shade 
marks.  Terminal  line  black,  interspaceal,  interrupted,  even.  Fringes  concoi- 
orous  with  the  wing.  Hind  wings  blackish  fuscous  in  either  sex,  a  little  pa- 
ler at  the  base,  with  the  discal  lunule  of  the  under  surface  reflected.  Fringes 
pale  with  dark  interior  line.  Beneath  ochery  gray,  irrorate,  fore  wings  mostly 
fuscous  shaded,  with  double  lines  and  discal  lunules. 

Expanse,  26  to  27  m.m.  St.  Catharines,  Ontario  (from  Geo.  Nor- 
man, Esq.,  collected  in  July).  I  refer  to  this  species  specimens 
from  New  York  and  the  Eastern  States  which  have  paler  ochery 
fore  wings  and  which  in  this  respect  appear  intermediate  between 
this  and  the  following  form. 

Taeuiosea  perbellis,  Grote. 

^  . — Very  different  in  color  from  the  preceding,  more  distinctly  marked  and 
pale  and  brighter  tinted.  The  size  is  perhaps  a  little  larger,  and  the  fore 
wings  more  produced  at  apices.  The  ground  color  is  whitish  ocher  or  ocher 
gray,  shaded  with  blackish  at  base,  over  costal  region  and  on  subterminal  space 
of  the  fore  wings,  leaving  the  terminal  space  and  the  median  space  before  the 
median  shade  nearly  free.  Lines  black,  single  or  obsoletely  geminate,  the  inner 
line  being  wanting  to  the  scalloped  and  distinct  t.  a.  line,  and  the  outer  very 
faint  to  the  luuulate  t.  p.  line.  This  latter  is  angulate  above  the  reniform 
which  it  closely  surrounds,  shows  a  depression  opposite  the  cell  and  is  again 
slightly  angulate  on  median  vein.  It  appears  to  run  nearer  the  reniform  than 
in  T.  gentilis.  The  double  veins  of  points  beyond  the  t.  p.  line  are  not  promi- 
nent but  brought  into  relief  by  noticeable  interrupting  Avhite  dots.  On  the  dark 
costal  region  of  the  sub-terminal  space  the  three  ante-apical  pale  dots  are  ap- 
parent. The  preceding  brown  tinged  cuneiform  shades  to  the  subterminal  line 
are  obvious,  the  line  itself  lost.  The  stigmata  are  pale,  concolorous,  the  cell 
between  them  tinged  with  bright  ferruginous  and  the  distinct  median  shade  is 
mostly  of  the  same  tint.  The  black  terminal  line  is  reduced  to  interspaceal 
points.  The  black  terminal  line  is  reduced  to  interspaceal  points.  The  fringes 
are  bright  carneous,  gay  colored  and  contrasting.  Hind  wings  a  little  paler 
than  in  T.  gentilis,  with  a  terminal  black  interrupted  line  perceivable  and  the 
fuscous  color  intruded  upon  by  paler  on  the  outer  border  before  anal  angle. 
Beneath  much  as  in  T.  gentilis. 

Eximnse,  30  m.  m. 

Of  tliis  beautiful  insect  Mr.  Norman  has  taken  but  a  single  speci- 
men at  St.  Catharines.  It  seems  to  differ  by  the  details  of  the  orna- 
mentation of  the  fore  wings  from  the  type  of  the  genus  with  which 
it  accords  structurally.  The  fore  wings  are  rougher  looking,  not  so 
smooth  and  the  ornamentation  is  very  evident  and  distinct. 


145 


X.    Notes  on  American  Lepidoptera  with  Descriptions 
of  Twenty-one  New  Species 

BY   AUG.    R.    GROTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  Sept.  4, 1874.] 

SPHINGES. 

Ilomaris  palpalis  Orote. 

ft 

S  . — Antennae  black.  Head  above  pale  sulphur  yellow,  palpi  bright  orange 
with  the  tips  black.  Tongue  black.  Breast  and  sides  of  the  thorax,  beneath 
the  wings,  pale  sulphur  yellow.  Thorax  above,  covered  with  olivaceous  or 
rusty  yellowish  hair,  extending  over  the  dorsum  of  abdomen.  Abdomen  black 
with  the  preanal  segments  tufted  with  light  sulphur  yellow  at  the  sides ;  anal 
hairs  black.  Legs  black.  Wings  pellucid  with  narrow  blackish  brown  term- 
inal borders,  on  the  primaries  even,  inwardly  a  little  irregular  towards  internal 
angle. 

Length  of  fore  wings,  20  m.  m.  A  specimen  with  the  ticket  "  Gil- 
roy,"  collected  by  the  late  G.  R.  Crotch,  in  British  Columbia,  and 
contained  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge. 
Allied  to  the  Eastern  H.  tenuis,  and  diflfering  from  all  the  species 
by  the  discolorous  labial  palpi.    No  perceivable  reddish  apical  stain. 

Note. — To  my  previous  paper  on  the  species  of  Hemaris,  I  now 
add  the  following  observations  which  have  become  necessary  from  the 
study  of  specimens  kindly  sent  me,  by  Mr.  Lintner,  from  Albany, 
a  brood  of  H.  tenuis,  raised  by  Mr.  0.  Reinecke  of  Buffalo,  and  twelve 
specimens  of  the  same  species  from  Ohio  and  Missouri  received  from 
Dr.  Hodge.  I  have  communicated  the  larva  of  H.  tenuis  to  Mr.  Lint- 
ner, whose  attention  to  this  group  has  been  rewarded  with  such  sat- 
isfactory results,  and  he  informs  me  that  the  specimen  differs  from 
that  of  H.  diffinis,  described  by  himself,  in  the  more  distinct  and 
well  defined  ventral  stripe.  The  general  color  of  the  larva  of  tenuis 
is  green,  but  a  few  brown  specimens  were  found.     The  observation 

BUL.    BUP.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (19)  SEPTEMBER,    1874. 


146 

was  not  entirely  completed,  but  it  is  believed  that  this  difference  in 
color  is  not  sexual.  On  comparison  of  the  specimens  the  evenness 
on  the  one  hand,  or  in terspaceal  scalloping  on  the  other,  of  the  inner 
margin  of  the  terminal  band  of  the  primaries  will  separate  constantly 
tetmis  from  diffinis,  of  which  I  have  examined  both  sexes.  I  find 
that  the  width  of  the  band  is  a  sexual  feature,  it  being  narrower  in 
the  males  of  both  species,  and  that  it  is  also  probably  a  compara- 
tive feature  to  distinguish  the  species,  it  being  narrower  in  tenuis 
compared  with  the  same  sex  of  diffinis.  The  other  chai'acters  indi- 
cated by  me  do  not  always  hold  good  and  are  subservient  to  the  char- 
acters above  given,  and  which  I  have  primarily  insisted  upon  in  sep- 
arating these  species.  Of  these  there  is  first  the  absence  of  the  red 
stain  on  the  primaries  at  apices.  In  9  $  specimens  of  tenuis  com- 
iiiunicated  by  Mr.  Lintner,  the  stain  is  sometimes  as  prominent  as 
in  diffinis,  in  bred  specimens  it  is  faint,  and  in  Western  specimens 
it  appears  to  be  occasionally  absent.  As  to  the  size  again,  some  of 
Mr.  Lintner's  specimens  are  hardly  smaller  than  diffinis,  while  there 
is  a  variation  among  them  in  this  respect,  and  some  Western  and 
bred  specimens  are  as  small  as  my  types.  Mr.  Lintner  suggests  that 
the  apical  stain  becomes  brighter  by  the  abrasion  of  possibly  darker 
surface  scales.  Mr.  Lintner  writes :  "  The  red  becomes  more  appar- 
ent with  the  partial  denudation  of  the  wing,  it  is  scarcely  apparent 
in  bred  specimens  and  quite  conspicuous  in  some  beaten  ones  occa- 
sionally extending  half  way  along  the  margin  at  the  cutting  of  the 
nervules."  There  seems  also  to  be  a  variation  in  the  extension  of  the 
sericeous  paler  vestiture  of  the  thorax  over  the  basal  black  segments 
dorsally,  perhaps  sometimes  due  to  the  condition  of  the  specimen. 
All  the  species  of  this  group  have  a  thin  covering  of  scales  on  the  pel- 
lucid fields  of  the  wings  on  the  escape  from  the  pupa.  Earely  speci- 
mens are  captured  which  show  traces  of  these  scales.  This  statement 
has  been  previously  made  by  us  of  Haemorrhagia  Bufaloensis  (Ann. 
N.  Y.  Lye.  N.  H.)  and  more  generally  of  the  entire  group  by  Mr.  Lint- 
ner in  his  valuable  Eeports.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Lintner  for  an  op- 
portunity of  comparing  a  specimen  of  Mr.  Strecker's  Macroglossa 
fumosa.  I  regard  it  as  an  example  of  //.  tenuis  in  which  these  frail 
scales  are  adherent.  The  three  specimens  on  which  Mr.  Strecker 
based  his  determination  were  bred  by  Mr.  0.  Mfeske  from  pupae 
received  from  Racine,  Wisconsin.     The  5  differs  in  no  wise  from 


147 

ieuuis eKCciti  tluiL  iliere  is;isliy;liily  increased  breudtli  to  tlic  termiiud 
border  iit  the  apices  than  iii  other  examples  of  $  tenuis,  a  character 
which  lias  been  overstated  by  Mr.  Strccker  at  j\  in.  Mr.  Lintuer 
measures  $  ftwiosa  at  yV  ^'^m  ?  '^^  tV-  ^^  i^  ^^^^^^  barely  possible 
that  a  species  is  to  be  separated  from  //.  tenuis  in  which  the  mar- 
ginal bands  (5  ?  )  of  the  fore  Avings  are  slightly  broader,  but  without 
other  distinguishing  features. 

Taking  into  consideration,  however,  the  misapprehension  of  spe- 
cific character  in  this  group  displayed  by  Mr.  Strecker  in  his  de- 
scription we  should  not  be  warranted  in  considering  fumosa  as  dis- 
tinct specifically  from  tenuis.  The  three  Northern  species,  from 
the  Atlantic  District,  may  be  separated  as  follows  : 

Terminal  band  of  primaries  even  on  its  inner  edge tenuis. 

interspaceally  roundedly  exserted  on  its  inner  edge.diffinis. 
interspaceally  dentate  on  its  inner  edge mai'giualis* 

My  specimen  of  H.  marginalis  figured  by  me  Plate  1,  fig.  10  of 
Vol.  1  of  the  Bulletin,  is,  I  find,  a  male,  and  not  a  female,  as  1  seem 
to  have  erroneously  considered  it.  A  second  male  has  been  received 
from  Ohio ;  no  female  is  known  to  me,  unless  a  specimen  in  Mr. 
Strecker's  possession  is  that  sex.*  Of  axillaris  I  have  two  ?  si^eci- 
mens  from  Texas.  In  these  the  band  is  very  broad,  the  dentations 
prominent;  the  anal  tuft  is  entirely  black.  A  male  received  from 
Nebraska  (Mr.  Dodge)  might  be  considered  as  belonging  to  this  spe- 
cies, though  the  anal  tuft  is  yellow  medially.  The  band  is  a  little 
narrower  than  in  the  female  but  broader  than  in  the  ^  marginalis. 
The  discovery  of  both  sexes  of  marginalis  and  a  comparison  of  a 
series  of  specimens  is  needed  to  clearly  show  the  distinctions  between 
the  two  latter  forms  which  seem  to  differ  principally  by  the  greatest 
width  of  the  band  and  robustness  of  the  body,  together  with  the 
greater  length  of  the  dentations  in  axillaris,  in  which  the  color  of 
the  wings  appears  to  be  a  more  reddish  brown. 

Lepisesia  Tictoria  Grote. 

S  . — Antennae  slender  and  rather  long,  notably  swollen  at  tliu  tips,  with  ter- 
minal spinule,  blackish  above,  reddish  beneath.  Thorax  above  rusty  or  oli- 
vaceous yellowish ;  beneath,  with  the  legs,  whitish  and  olivaceous.    Abdomen 

*  Since  the  reading  of  tliis  paper  1  have  receiveil  a  ?  marginalis  from  Mr.  J.  W.  Byrkit  of 
ludiauapolis. 


148 

blackish  mixed  with  whitish  and  olivaceous  hairs.  Fore  wings  at  base  pale, 
like  the  thorax  ;  median  space  deep  olivaceous,  defined  at  the  sides  and  narrow- 
ing to  internal  margin  and  showing  a  black  discal  streak.  Beyond,  the  wing  is 
as  at  base,  enclosing  a  narrow  subterminal  olivaceous  band  spreading  on  the 
costal  region  over  the  apex.  Hind  wings  bright  deep  yellow,  deepening  in 
color  to  the  anal  angle,  with  a  distinct  defined  black  marginal  band,  tolerably 
even,  the  fringes  tipped  with  white  hairs. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  18  m.  m. 

A  specimen  collected  by  the  late  G.  E.  Crotcli  in  British  Columbia, 
and  contained  in  the  collection  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zo- 
ology, Cambridge. 

Philampelus  (Dupo)  mirificatus  Orote. 

S  . — Intense  olive  green.  Tegulae  with  clear  white  edging.  Abdominal 
segments  neatly  edged  with  white  and  with  a  dorsal  white  shade  line.  Fore 
wings  concolorous  olive  green,  with  the  veins  more  or  less  completely  marked 
with  white.  An  inner  distinct  oblique  transverse  band  composed  of  two  dis- 
tinct white  lines ;  a  discal  white  mark  containing  the  usual  dot  on  the  cross- 
vein.  An  exterior  rounded  white  transverse  band  composed  of  two  white 
lines,  the  inner  a  little  dilfuse.  A  white  shade  runs  inwardly  from  the  apex  to 
cell  6  where  it  joins  the  outer  component  line  of  the  external  transverse  band  ; 
it  appears  issuing  from  the  band  again  on  cell  3  and  runs  thence  outwardly  to 
internal  angle.  An  incomplete  terminal  wdiite  shading  along  the  external 
margin  and  the  fringes  are  partly  whitish.  Hind  wings  olivaceous  with  white 
fringes.  There  is  a  blackish  discal  shade  spot.  A  treble  subterminal  series  of 
blackish  interspaceal  shade  marks  converging  superiorly  and  widening  infe- 
riorly;  the  inner  series  terminating  in  a  large  spot  before  the  rose  colored 
patch  along  internal  margin  ;  the  outer  two  series  becoming  obsolete  inferiorly, 
replaced  by  two  whitish  shade  lines,  which  faintly  separate  the  series  of 
black  marks.  This  subterminal  series  of  black  marks  is  well  removed  from 
the  external  margin  leaving  an  intense  olive  green  terminal  space  which  nar- 
rows to  anal  angle  and  is  very  much  broader  than  usual  superiorly.  Beneath 
dull  red  with  a  common  exterior  transverse  darker  line  slightly  accentuated 
on  the  veins.  On  the  fore  wings  an  oblique  line  from  the  apices  joins  this 
darker  line  and  again  appears  faintly  inferiorly,  repeating  the  course  of  the 
white  marks  of  the  upper  surface  at  this  place.  Abdomen  beneath  and  tho- 
racic squamation  roseate.  Fore  tibiae  and  tarsi  white  outwardly.  Orbits  of 
the  eyes  white. 

Length  of  primary,  50  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Cuba  (Chas.  Wright),  in 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

Allied  to  P.  posticatus,  P.  Linnei  and  P.  strenuus,  from  all  dif- 
fering by  the  Avhite  linear  bands  on  the  fore  wings  and  their  apical 
white  line,  and  by  the  distinctly  white  banded  abdomen  and  tegulae. 


149 


While  nearest  to  P.  postimins  (Proc.  Ent.  Hoc.  Pliil.,,  Vol.  5,  1*1.  3, 
fig.  4)  in  the  appearance  of  the  hind  wings,  it  is  most  dissimilar  in 
the  markings  of  the  primaries  which  are  more  like  those  of  P.  Lin- 
nei  (Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  Vol.  5,  PI.  3,  tig.  3)  in  the  evenness  of 
the  ground  color. 

In  my  last  list  of  the  Sphingidae  of  Cuba  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc, 
Vol.  3,  p.  183,  Oct.,  1870),  I  enumerated  fifty-two  species  from  the 
Island.  To  this  number  we  must  add  the  present  species  apparently 
unknown  to  Prof.  Poey  and  Dr.  Gundlach. 

I  notice  also  in  Dr.  Packard's  "Eecord"  for  1871,  the  description 
of  "  Choerocampa  mrvatus"  by  L.  W.  Schaufuss  from  Cuba.  I  have 
not  been  able  to  see  Mr.  Schaufuss'  publication.  If  no  synonym 
has  been  made  the  number  of  species  of  Sphingidae  described  from 
Cuba  must  be  noAV  fifty-foui 


ir, 


Ceratomia  Haijeiii  Grote. 

$  9  . — Gray  and  olivaceous,  the  latter  of  a  variably  intense  hue,  sometimes 
nearly  blackish,  and  obtaining  principally  at  base  terminally  and  exteriorly 
between  the  double  dentate  black  transverse  lines  which  cross  the  wing  some- 
what as  in  Daremma  undulosa.  Oii  the  whitish  discal  blotch  is  a  small  ringed 
white  spot  and  a  smaller  dot  is  placed  above  this  and  obliquely  outAvardly  at 
the  origin  of  vein  6.  A  white  apical  shade  limited  inferiorly  by  an  oblique 
black  zigzag  streak.  As  in  G.  amyntor  there  are  black  dashes  on  the  inter- 
spaces running  obliquely  inwardly,  but  these  are  less  prominent  and  diffuse 
than  in  Hiibuer's  species.  Fringes  olivaceous,  narrowly  interrupted  centrally 
with  white.  Hind  wings  blackish  with  double  faint  transverse  shade  lines  and 
with  the  external  margin  olivaceous.  A  fine  terminal  dark  line,  fringes  as  on 
the  fore  wings.  Beneath  fuscous  gray,  with  double  transverse  exterior  com- 
mon dentate  line,  and,  on  primaries,  the  apical  streak  repeated.  Tegulae  oliva- 
ceous ;  disc  gray.  Abdomen  dorsally  olivaceous,  laterally  gray,  with  a  dorsal 
black  line";  two  lateral  stripes  and  a  stigmatal  line  on  each  side.  Head  above 
and  collar  olivaceous,  the  latter  with  two  black  lines  and  the  tegulae  are  lined. 
Sides  of  the  thorax  and  collar  whitish.     Antennae  white  outwardly. 

Expanse,  102  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Texas  (Boll,  No.  14),  in  Museum 
Comparative  Zoolog3^ 

I  am  honored  in  dedicating  this  very  distinct  species  to  Dr.  Her- 
mann A.  Ilagen  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Note. — In  my  last  catalogue  of  the  North  x\merican  Sphingidae 
I  enumerated  sixty-nine  species  as  found  Avithin  our  territory.  As 
I  then  remarked,  it  is  almost  certain  that  the  EUema  Ilurrisiioi  Dr. 


150 

Clemens  is  synonymous  with  La])ara  iomhycoides  of  the  British 
Museum  Lists,  diminishing  the  number  of  species  by  one,  and  leav- 
ing us  sixty-eight.  To  this  number  must  be  added  three  species 
from  the  West  Coast  subsequently  described  by  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Science,  Vol.  5,  pp. 
109-111.  This  would  make  the  number  seventy-one.  1  find  in  the 
collection  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  specimens  of 
Pachylia  ficus  and  Am^jliojiyx  Antaeus,  collected  by  Prof.  Alex. 
Agassiz  at  Key  "West,  Florida,  and  which  were  not  formerly  noticed 
from  our  territory.  These  added  give  us  seventy-three  species,  in- 
cluding Pachylia  lyncea  Clem,  now  rendered  somew^hat  doubtful  by 
the  occurrence  of  P.  ficus  in  Florida.  I  exclude  from  our  list  of 
species  with  certainty  the  Smerinthus  pallens  of  Mr.  Strecker  as  a 
synonym  of  Abbot  and  Smith's  juglanclis,  while  the  Sjjhmx  eremi- 
toides*  of  the  same  author  is  most  probably  a  redescription  of  the 
Sphinx  higens  of  Mr.  Walker.  With  the  three  new  species  above 
described  we  shall  then  have  seventy-six  species  in  all,  recorded 
from  America  north  of  Mexico  and  the  West  India  Islands. 


BOMBYCES. 

Note. — Writing  in  April,  1863,  I  referred  the  genus  Crocota  to 
the  Ardiidae,  where  I  believe  it  must  remain,  since  it  is  excluded 
from  the  Lithosians  by  the  presence  of  simple  eyes.  Afterwards  Dr. 
Packard  refers  the  genus  to  the  latter  group  and  this  course  is  fol- 
lowed by  Mr.  Eobinson  and  myself  in  our  "  List "  of  18G8.  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr,  Wm.  Saunders  for  an  opportunity  of  examining  his 
type  of  Arctia  limaculata,  Can.  Ent.  2,  pp.  4-6,  1869,  where  also 
the  larva  is  described.  It  is  a  female  specimen  of  Crocota  quinaria 
Grote,  with  one  of  the  usual  pale  spots  on  the  inferior  portion  of 
the  fore  wings  much  developed.  Traces  of  the  others,  obsoletely 
pupillated,  are,  however,  observable.  This  is  a  stouter  species  than 
C.  lrevico7'nis.  We  seem  to  have  two  variable  species  of  Avliich  the 
synonymy  is  difficult.     A  variety  of  the  0.  hrevicornis  of  Walker 

*  The  date  "May,  1874,"  to  this  publication  of  Mr.  Strecker's  must  be  a  fictitious  one,  since 
I  am  credibly  informed  that  some  of  the  material  described  therein  was  not  supplied  to  him 
until  June  of  this  yuur.  Tlio  copies  to  which  I  have  liad  access  were  not  received  until 
August. 


151 

nuiy  be  iigured  Ijy  llubncr  as  C.  ruhicundaria;  an  ininiaculate  form 
answering  to  AYalkcr's  var.  y.  The  other  wider  winged  form  appears 
to  be  Iliibner's  mirnntiaca  and  with  i\\\^  ferruglnosa  of  Walker  may 
be  synonymous.  I  have  already  described  the  variations  of  C.  ojjella 
(Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  Vol.  G,  pp.  313-314),  which  is  much  the  stout- 
est species  and  think  that  this  and  C.  quinaria  are  now  readily  dis- 
tinguishable. C.  ojjella  has  been  recently  taken  in  Chautauqua  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  must  be  added  to  our  lists  of  New  York  Bombycidae. 

The  following  is  a  preliminary  List  of  our  Lithosians: 

B0M15YCES  Lmn.j  Borkh.,  1790;  Iliibn.  (Tcntamen). 

(  Bombycites  and  Noctuo-Bombycites  Latr.,  1810. ) 
\  Plialaenae  Unbmr,  181G.  ^ 

LITHOSIAE  Rulner  (1816). 
[Lithosiidae  Stephens,  1829.J 

HYPOPREPIA  Uuhner  {\%2S). 

Type  :  Hypoprepia  f  ucosa  JlUhn. 

fucosa  Ili'hn.  Zutr.,  3  Hund.,  S.  21,  No.  236,  fig.  471, 472 ;  Atolmis  tricolor  Fitcli, 

3d  Rep.  p.  168,  No.  213. 
Var.  miniata  {Kirhy),  Faun.  Am.  Bor.,  4,  p.  305,  No.  193  {Litlioda) ;  G.  &  R. 

List  Lep.  N.  Am.,  1,  p.  7  {Hypoprepia);   Onophria  vittata  Harris,  Rep. 

His.  Inj.  Veg.,  3d  Ed.,  p.  342.    (Canada  to  Southern  States.) 

•  CISTHEXE   Walker  {\^^i). 

Type:  Cisthene  subjecta  Walk. 

sul»jecta  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Lep.,  1,  p.  634;  Eypoprepia  Packardii  Grote,  Proc. 
Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  p.  31,  PI.  2,  fig.  5. 

Var.  unifascia  O.  &  R.,  Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  p.  187,  PI.  2,  fig.  63.  (East- 
ern States  to  Texas.) 

BYSSOPHAGJA  BtJir  (1872). 

Type :  Lithosia  nexa  Boisd. 

nexa  {Boisd),  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  p.  74  ;  Cisthene  griscn  Pack.,  App.  4tli 
Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.  p.  84  ;  Stretch,  Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  A.,  1,  p.  49,  {Cis- 
ihene)  PI.  2,  fig.  11.    (California.) 

faustinnla  {Boisd),  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  "p.lS  {Lithosia);  Stretch,  Zyg. 
Bomb.  N.  A.,  1,  p.  48  {Cisthene)  PI.  2,  fig.  10. 

Var.  fusca  {Stretch),  Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  A.,  1,  p.  49.    (California.) 


152 


EUSTIXIS  Hubner  {\%25). 

Type  :  Eustixis  pupula  Hubn. 

pupiila  Iluhn.,  Zutr.,  3  Hund.,  S.  24,  No.  245,  fig.  489,  490;  Bust,  laeta  Geyer, 
Einl.  4  Hund. ;  Miezaigninix  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1,  527  ;  Eustixis pupula  G. 
&  R.  List  Lep.  N.  Am.  p.  7 ;  Enae7nia  crnssivenella  Zell.  Verb.  z.-b.  Ge- 
sell.,  S.  563,  Tab.  3,  fig.  27.     (Soutbern  States.) 

subfervens  (Walk.),  C.  B.  M.  1,  528  {Mieza) ;  Eustixis  suhfervens  G.  &  R.,  List 
Lep.  N.  Am.  p.  7 ;  Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb.  p.  168,  PI.  7,  fig.  17  ;  Enaemia 
psammitis  Zell.  Verb.  z.-b.  Gesell.,  S.  562,  Tab.  3,  fig.  26.  (Soutbern 
States.) 

*LITHOSIA  Fahr.  (1798). 

Type :  Noctua  complana  Linn. 

bicolor  Orote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc,  Pbil.,  3,  p.  74 ;  Lithosia  argillacea  Pack.,  Proc. 

Ent.  Soc.  Pbil.  3,  p.  98  ;  Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  A.,  p.  170,  PL  7,  fig.  13, 

(Atbabasca  River  ;  Eastern  States.) 
ceplialica  O.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  p.  176  ;  Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  A., 

l,p.  171,  PI.  7,  fig.  14.     (Texas.) 
casta  Smiborn,  Pack.  Guide,  p.  385,  fig.  24  ;  Stretcb  Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  A.,  1,  p.  171, 

PI.  7,  fig.  15.     (New  Hampsbire,  New  York.) 
Candida  Hy.  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Sci.  Cal.,  Vol.  5,  p.  185.     (Vancouver's  Island.) 

CRAMBIDIA  Packard  (1864). 

Type :  Crambidia  pallida  Pack. 

pallida  Pack.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pbil.,  1864,  p.  99 ;    Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb.  p.  1G5, 
PI.  7,  fig.  16.     (Eastern  and  Middle  States.) 

CLEMENSIA  Packard  (1864). 

Type  :  Clemensia  albata  Pack. 

albata  Pack.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pbil.,  1864,  p.  117;   Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb.,  p.  51, 

PI.  2,  fig.  13.     (New  York,  Eastern  States.) 
umbrata  Pack.,  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.,  1872,  p.  85 ;  Stretcb,  Zyg.  Bomb., 

p.  167,  PI.  7,  fig.  18.     (California.) 
irrorata  Ily.  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Sci.  Cal.  Vol.  5,  p.  185.    (Vancouver's  Island.) 

ROESELIA  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type :  Tinea  cucullatella  Linn. 

nigrofasciata  {ZcU.),  Verb.  z.-b.  Gesell.,  S.  454  (Wola),  Tab.  2,  fig.  1.    (Mass.) 

luiiiuscnla  {Zell.),  Verb.  z.-b.  Gesell.,  S.  455  {JVoln).    (Texas.) 

luelauopa  {Zell.},  Verb.  z.-b.  Gesell.,  S.  458  {Nola),  Tab.  2,  fig.  2.     (Texas.) 


153 

Er  IMI ANESSA  Packard  (1804). 

Tyi)c:  Niularia  inciidica  Walk. 

ineiidk'ii  (Wu/k.),  Cat.  Lep.  B.  M.  2,  p.  57(3 ;  Eudulc  hiscriata  II.-S.,  Exot.  S.  19. 
fig.  441 ;  Euphanessa  mendica  Pack.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  I'liil.,  1864,  p.  102; 
Kob.,  Ann.,  N.  Y.  Lye,  Vol.  9,  PI.  1,  fig.  1 ;  Stretch,  Zyg.  Bomb.,  p.  53, 
PI.  2,  fig.  9.     (Canada  to  Middle  States.) 


Dryocainpa  nibicuiula  {Fair.)  var.  alba  Orote. 

I  have  received  this  singular  variety  from  Professor  Townend 
Glover  of  the  Agricultural  Department.  Both  sexes  are  entirely  of 
a  creamy  white,  the  wings  and  ])ody  having  lost  all  yellow  and  rosy 
tintings.  The  feet  remain  pink  and  the  costae  beneath  at  base  are 
sometimes  faintly  suffused.  The  specimens  received  were  from 
Kansas,  and  a  study  of  the  geographical  limits  of  this  distinct  form 
would  prove  interesting.  Prof.  Glover  has  figured  this  form  on  his 
unpublished  plates  of  Lepidoptera. 


NOCTUAE. 

Acroiiycta  suboclirea  Grote. 

2  . — A  species  allied  to  A.  Verrillii  and  A.  brumosa,  larger  and  recognisable 
by  tlie  dark  fuscous  bind  wings  strongly  tinged  with  subocherous  from  the 
base  outwardly.  Fore  wings  dark  blue  gray,  much  shaded  with  blackish 
Reniforra  and  orbicular  large,  incompletely  ringed  with  deep  black.  The  trans- 
verse lines  are  much  as  in  Verrillii ;  beyond  the  t.  p.  line  the  black  shading- 
suffuses  the  wing  above  internal  angle ;  the  narrow  black  terminal  space  ap- 
pearing as  wedge  shaped  marks  between  the  teeth  of  the  pale  s.  t.  line  supe- 
riorly. The  median  space  shows  a  black  streak  before  the  distinct  median 
shade  on  cell  2.  The  fringes  are  subdentate,  pale  tipped,  with  an  interior  dark 
hair  line.  On  the  hind  wings  they  are  whitish  with  an  interior  line.  Beneath 
dusty  ochery  tinted,  the  primaries  largely  fuscous  with  the  costa  pale,  dotted 
with  blackish  and  traces  of  three  outer  transverse  blackish  shade  lines.  Hind 
wings  with  a  deeply  scalloped  median  line,  a  discal  lunule  and  terminal  fuscous 
shading.  Head  and  thorax  like  fore  wings ;  palpi  rather  long  and  slender 
whitish  at  base,  second  joint  black,  terminal  joint  gray. 

Eiyanse,  37  m.  m.  St.  Catherines  (Geo.  Norman,  Esq.);  New 
York  (Coll.  B.  S.  N.  S.). 

BUL.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (20)  SEPTEMBER,    1874. 


154 

Acronycta  qiiadrata  Grote. 

Q  . — A  large  species,  allied  to  the  typical  forms  of  the  genus,  with  distinct 
ornamentation.  Fore  wings  whitish  gray  with  a  distinct  deep  black  longitu- 
dinal basal  streak  extending  to  the  geminate,  nearly  even,  suboblique  t.  a.  line. 
Median  shade  noticeable  from  its  position  being  nearer  to  the  t.  a.  line  on  in- 
ternal margin  than  to  the  t.  p.  line.  Ordinary  spots  vaguely  outlined,  appar- 
ently large,  with  a  distinct  block  of  black  scales  between  them  on  the  cell. 
The  median  space  is  wide.  The  t.  p.  line  is  nearly  erect  and  even,  slightly 
outwardly  exserted  superiorly.  A  distinct  black  dash  above  internal  angle 
from  the  t.  p.  line,  crossing  the  subterminal.  Subterminal  space  darker  than 
the  rest  of  the  wing.  A  short  black  dash  on  the  s.  t.  line  opposite  the  cell. 
An  even  blackish  terminal  line.  Hind  wings  pale,  with  fuscous  terminal  shad- 
ing, without  discal  marks  and  on  both  wings  beneath  the  usual  markings  are 
faint.  Head  and  thorax  pale  gray ;  tegulae  at  the  sides  lined  with  blackish 
and  the  sides  of  the  thorax  in  front  of  the  wings  streaked  with  black. 

Exj^anse,  40  m.  m.    HaUtat,  Kansas  (Sept.,  from  Prof.  C.  V.  Eiley). 

Note. — On  page  eighty  of  the  first  Vohime  of  the  Bulletin  I  have 
shown  that  Guenee  describes  the  Apatela  americana  of  Harris  as 
Acronycta  hastulifera  {Ahh.  £  Sm).  On  the  other  hand  Harris 
identifies  his  species  as  the  accris  of  Abbot  and  Smith  from  the  sim- 
ilarity of  the  larvae.  Prof.  Riley  has  called  my  attention  to  his  de- 
scription of  the  larva  of  Harris'  americana,  which  accords  with  Har- 
ris and  also  with  Abbot's  figure  of  the  larva  of  the  species  he  calls 
aceris.  I  find  that  Guenee  has  transposed,  in  his  descriptions.  Ab- 
bot's larvae,  perhaps  unintentionally,  but  perhaps  also  correctly,  and 
since  the  figure  of  the  imago  of  hastulifera  strongly  resembles  amer- 
icana, while  the  figure  of  the  larva  of  aceris  fairly  represents  the 
larva  of  americana,  these  may  be  correctly  associated  under  the  name 
hastulifera.  It  must  be,  however,  doubtful,  and  I  think  we  might 
even  prefer  Harris'  name  with  the  following  synonymy  so  far  as 
Guenee  and  Abbot  and  Smith  are  concerned. 

Acronycta  americana  {Harris). 

Phalaena  aceris  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PI.  93,  larva. 

Acronycta  Jiastulifera  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  47  {imago  and  larva). 

?  Phalaena  hastulifera  Abb.  &  Sm.  PI.  93  {imago). 

Acronycta  acericola. 


Phalaena  aceris  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PI.  93  {imago). 
Acronycta  acericola  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  48  {imago). 
Phalaena  hastulifera  Abb.  &  Suj.  PI.  92,  larva  teste  Ouenee. 


155 

Dr.  Morris'  reference,  to  which  Prof.  Kilcy  objects,  has  its  origin  in 
the  fact  that  both  Harris  and  Guenee  identify  Abbot's  accris  under 
different  names.  Acericola  (aceris  iinaf/o),  is  unidentified  by  actual 
specimens. 

Agrotis  gravis  Gi-ote. 

$  ?  . — All  the  tibiae  spinose.  Nearest  to  A.  voluhilis  and  tbe  European  A. 
valligera,  a  little  smaller  than  either  of  these.  Male  antennae  bristled,  with 
the  joints  laterally  acuminate.  Fore  wings  dull  gray  brown  with  darker  costal 
region  ;  the  female  is  more  purely  brown.  A  dark  basal  dash  extended  beyond 
the  t.  a.  line  as  the  dark  margined  prominent  acuminate  claviform,  less  elon  ■ 
gated  than  in  voluhilis,  and  very  much  less  prominent  than  in  valligera.  Orbi- 
cular small,  dark,  light  ringed,  in  the  male  with  an  edging  of  whitish  scales 
which  also  partially  edge  the  dark  upright  moderate  reniform.  T.  p.  line  faint 
and  narrow,  regularly  scalloped  interspaceally.  Subterminally,  in  the  male, 
opposite  the  cell  are  a  series  of  interspaceal  cuneiform  marks  followed  by 
whitish  points,  somewhat  as  in  valligera;  these  are  not  noticeable  in  the  female, 
in  which  the  s.  t.  line  is  indicated  by  a  dark  shade  followed  by  the  paler  tinting 
of  the  subterminal  space.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous,  a  very  little  paler  in  the 
male  and  reflecting  from  the  under  surface  the  discal  lunule.  Beneath  fuscous, 
with  indistinct  transverse  line.  Tegulae  more  or  less  hoary  and  contrasting; 
collar  with  a  distinct  black  median  line,  margined  above  with  whitish,  more 
distinctly  in  the  male.  The  contrast  in  general  tone  of  the  sexes  is  obvious,  the 
male  being  more  blackish  gray,  with  a  faint  olivaceous  tinting,  the  female  brown. 
In  A.  voluhilis  the  $  is  the  darker  and  here  the  reverse  seems  to  be  the  case. 
The  median  shade  is  well  marked  in  one  female  specimen  and  the  color  of  the 
cell  between  the  spots  is  here  obviously  deepened.  The  fringes  on  the  ?  hind 
wings  are  testaceous  with  an  interior  line.  In  the  single  male  specimen  I  have 
they  are  defective.  Four  $  one  $  specimen  from  Mendocino,  and  numbered 
83/84  and  131/132  by  Mr.  Behrens. 

ExjmnsQ,  34  m.  m. 

A  single  male  specimen  differs  by  the  almost  wholly  blackish  pri- 
maries, the  brown  black,  not  hoary  thorax,  else  the  markings  are 
those  of  the  species  and  are  well  brought  out  on  the  primaries. 

Note. — By  a  typographical  error  the  reference  to  Agrotis  fennica, 
on  page  10  of  my  list,  has  been  dropped  to  the  following  line.  The 
two  species  should  be  cited  as  follows : 

*fonnica  Tanscli.,  H.-S.,  348,  figs.  146,  147;  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  270  (California, 
Behrens  Xo.  13). 

*]ycarnm  Ev.,U.-S.,  333,  figs.  123,  124  (California,  Edwards,  Xo.  1392  and 
Behrens  Xo.  31). 


156 

This  latter  determination  is  clonbtfnl  us  yet;  the  Californian  spe- 
cies strongly  resembles  A.  Cochrani  from  the  Eastern  slope  but  seems 
stouter  and  looks  like  Herrich-Schaeffer's  figures  above  cited. 

Mamestra  distiucta. 

Hadena  distincta  (Hiibn.)  Grote,  List.  N.  Am.  Noct.  p.  15. 

At  the  time  I  prepared  the  List  I  had  no  specimens  of  this  species 
for  examination.  I  owe  a  specimen  to  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Ilagen, 
taken  in  Texas,  and  which  enables  me  to  correct  my  former  generic 
reference. 

Mamestra  vicina  Orote. 

A  species  of  medium  size ;  with  liairy  eyes  and  unarmed  tibiae,  apparently 
related  to  M.  davixilena.  The  costa  is  a  little  depressed  and  the  apices  produced. 
The  color  is  blackish  gray,  not  blackish  brown  as  in  its  ally.  The  narrow, 
basal,  longitudinal  black  streak  is  evident.  Basal  half  line  widely  geminate. 
The  median  lines  are  approximate  inferiorly  below  the  median  vein,  narrowing 
the  median  space  and,  on  the  submedian  interspace,  the  large  black  outlined 
and  shaded  claviform  spot  attains  the  t.  p.  line.  The  ordinary  spots  are  rela- 
tively large,  pale,  whitish,  very  faintly  warm  tinted,  the  orbicular  rounded 
ovate,  proportionally  large,  the  reniform  inwardly  distinctly  black  margined, 
but  slightly  outwardly  constricted  and  here  more  vaguely  defined.  The  t.  p. 
line  is  scalloped  interspaceally,  apparently  geminate  with  included  whitish 
gray  shade, but  the  outer  component  line  is  lost.  The  subterminalline  is  nar- 
row, whitish  gray,  not  very  distinct,  irregular,  forming  no  W  mark,  preceded 
and  succeeded  above  internal  angle  by  a  distinct  black  dash  on  the  submedian 
interspace.  An  even  continued  blackish  terminal  shade  ;  the  veins  terminally 
marked  Avith  blackish  ;  the  fringes  narrowly  pale  opposite  the  extremity  of  the 
veins.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous  with  soiled  veins ;  fringes  whitish  with  an  in- 
ternal line.  Body  parts  concolorous ;  abdomen  tufted  on  the  dorsum,  especially 
centrally  ;  ovipositor  not  exserted. 

Expanse,  18  m.  m.  St.  Catherines  (Geo.  Norman,  Esq.),  Massachu- 
setts (Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison). 

Hadena  castauea  Orote. 

3  $  . — Allied  to  the  European  Hadena  ruhrirena,  compared  with  a  specimen 
of  which  and  llerrich-Schaeffer's  fig.  57,  our  Californian  species  seems  a  wider 
winged  and  heavier  insect,  less  brightly  marked  and  with  a  dark  streak  along 
the  submedian  fold  on  the  median  space  wanting  in  the  European  species. 
Fore  wings  dark  brown  ;  blackish  along  the  terminal  space.  The  ordinary 
lines  are  black,  obsoletely  geminate,  much  as  in  the  European  form.  Ordinary 
spots  large,  concolorous,  the  claviform  outlined,  the  reniform  very  large  and 
with  a  more  or  less  decided  ycdiow  stain  resolved  into  Gortyna-like  spots  out- 
wardly.    A  black  shade  along  the  submedian  fold  on  the  median  t^jiace.     Sub- 


157 

tiTiuiiial  line  i)!ili',  of  the  usual  irregular  shape,  preceded  oi)po8ite  tlie  cell  by 
cuneiform  brown  marks ;  fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  fuscous  in  both 
sexes  with  paler  fringes  and  paler  at  the  base  with  an  indi.stinct  median  line. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  strongly  tufted ;  the  former  concolorous  with  primaries, 
the  tegulae  blackish.  Underneath  paler,  the  hind^wings  with  a  distinct  discal 
mark.  • 

Expanse,  ^Q>  to  55  m.  m.     California  (Mr.  Behrens,  three  speci- 
mens with  the  numbers  10  and  20  on  red  labels). 

Hndena  alhina  Orote. 

$  . — Two  specimens  of  a  species  closely  allied  to  //.  castaiiea,  similarly  sized 
and  difiering  as  follows  :  The  ground  color  of  the  wing  is  paler,  somewhat 
ocherous  and  this  tint  obtains  especially  on  the  subterminal  space.  The  orbic- 
ular is  larger  and  open  to  cosla  ;  the  reni form  is  washed  with  pure  white  cen- 
trally and  the  claviform  is  larger.  The  terminal  space  is  marked  with  the  paler 
tint  on  each  side  of  the  veins,  interrupting  vividly  the  fringes.  The  disc  of 
the  thorax  and  the  tufts  are  also  quite  pale  ;  the  hind  wings  are  paler  and  more 
yellowish  with  the  median  line  more  distinct.  Beneath  paler,  with  a  more  red- 
dish tint  and  with  the  discal  spot  less  evident  than  in  II.  cantanea.  The  tufts ' 
on  the  abdomen  are  equally  prominent  with  those  of  H.  castanea,  &nd  the  color 
has  the  reddish  staining  of  its  ally. 

Bxpa7ise,  4G  m.  ni.  Ilahitat,  California  (Mr.  Behrens,  No.  78, 
Sauzalito,  May  15). 

Uadeua  cnrvata  Grote. 

^  Q  _ — Two  thirds  the  size  of  the  preceding  species,  but  allied  by  the  strongly 
tufted  thorax  and  abdomen.  The  usual  depression  of  the  external  margin  of 
the  hind  wings  opposite  the  cell  is  here  exaggerated,  and  forms  a  strong  spe- 
cific character  to  judge  by  its  perfect  uniformity  in  the  four  specimens  before 
me.  Blackish  wood  brown,  very  dark.  Basal  and  t.  a.  lines  distinct,  black, 
geminate  with  included  pale  shade  ;  t.  a.  line  a  little  jagged  superiorly,  arcuate 
in  its  general  course.  Extra  basal  space  shaded  with  deep  black.  Orbicular 
concolorous,  blacli  ringed,  moderate,  lieniform  usually  concolorous,  sometimes 
shaded  with  ochery  brown  which  always  stains  the  approximate  t.  p.  line  oj)- 
posite  the  spot,  and  this  stain  may  be  mistaken  for  the  reniform  itself.  Sub- 
terminal  line  with  the  usual  indentations,  well  removed  from  the  margin,  pale. 
Veins  marked  with  deep  black  terminally  and  more  or  less  distinctly.  A  ter- 
minal pale  line  before  an  even  dark  one  at  the  base  of  the  dark  obsoletely  pale 
dotted  fringes.  Hind  wings  blackish  fuscous,  silky,  paler  at  base  with  pale, 
somewhat  ruddy  interlined  fringes  and  a  faint  transverse  line.  Beneath  pale 
with  a  purply  or  ruddy  hue,  coarsely  irrorate  with  black  and  with  a  common 
line  and  black  discal  spots.  Beneath  body  and  legs  like  the  wings  ;  a  stigma- 
tal  black  abdominal  line.  Above  head  and  thorax  like  primaries,  touched  with 
brown  and  with  obsolete  black  lines  on  the  tegulae  and  collar. 

Expanse,  30  to  35  m.  m.  Mendocino,  California,  ]\Ir.  Bcluvus. 
Specimens  are  numbered  70,  IJ'J,  lOo. 


158 

Amolita  n.  g. 

Q  . — An  exceedingly  frail  and  weak  form,  with  squarer  primaries  than  Scnta, 
and  with  the  body  squamation  entirely  mealy  and  scaley.  Ocelli.  Head  small 
and  narrow.  Eyes  naked,  without  lashes.  Maxillae  weak.  Legs  unarmed. 
Antennae  (  2  )  simple,  scaled  above,  with  two  fine  bristles  on  each  joint.  La- 
bial palpi  with  very  short  terminal  joint,  hence  shorter  than  in  Senta.  No 
clypeal  protuberance.  Fore  wings  broad,  tortriciform  in  shape,  with  straight 
oblique  external  margin  and  defined  internal  angle,  12  veins,  9  out  of  8,  a  short 
furcation  ;  an  accessory  cell  from  the  outer  end  of  which  7,  8  and  10.  Abdo- 
men not  flattened  ;  ovipositor  not  visible. 

Amolita  fessa  Orote. 

2  . — Fore  wings  very  pale  straw  color  with  concolorous  fringes,  the  veins 
not  marked  and  without  other  ornamentation  than  two  diffuse  dull  reddish 
shades,  the  first  of  which  runs  from  the  base  of  the  wing  over  the  median 
nervure  and  ascends  beyond  the  cell  to  apices  ;  the  second  runs  obliquely  from 
about  the  middle  of  internal  margin  to  below  the  apices  on  external  margin, 
its  origin  not  well  defined.  A  reddish  dot  in  the  place  of  the  reniform.  Hind 
wings  whitish  without  markings ;  beneath  whitish,  immaculate.  Body  parts 
pale,  concolorous. 

Expanse,  30  m.  m. ;  Ireadtli  of  primary,  6  m.  m. 

A  specimen  from  New  York  with  the  number  536,  received  from 
Mr.  E.  L.  Graef.  The  genus  may  be  entered  on  the  "  List,"  between 
Doryodes  and  Senta,  on  page  20. 

Heliopliila  adjuta  Grote. 

3  . — Closely  allied  to  H.  phragmitidicola  ;  the  fore  wings  are  purely  obscure 
straw  color,  like  those  of  H.  palUns,  without  rosy  tints.  No  traces  of  the  lines  ; 
a  black  dot  on  the  cell  in  the  place  of  the  reniform.  A  darker  shading  below 
the  median  vein,  vaguely  ascending  beyond  to  external  margin  below  the 
apices.  T.  p.  line  indicated  by  an  obsolete  series  of  black  dots  of  which  only 
two  or  three,  wide  apart,  are  perceptible.  Collar  distinctly  double  lined.  Hind 
wings  pale  straw  color  with  soiled  veins  and  a  tolerably  broad  fuscous  termi- 
nal band,  entirely  wanting  in  this  sex  of  H.  plir'agmitidicola.  Beneath,  on  the 
costa,  is  a  distinct  black  dot  and  a  succession  of  marks  on  the  veins  shows  the 
transverse  line.  In  the  strongest  marked  specimens  of  its  ally  the  line  is  only 
indicated  by  a  faint  shaded  dot  on  costa  and  usually  this  is  entirely  wanting. 
A  series  of  terminal  black  points  on  both  wings  beneath.  Collar  with  double 
lines ;  body  more  yellowish  than  in  its  ally  with  a  fuscous  shading  on  the  ab- 
domen dorsally. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.    IlahiUd,  Alabama  (Grote). 

This  form  can  be  separated  from  1£.  p)hra(jmitidicola,  by  the  char- 
acter of  the  hind  wings  and  by  the  general  richer  more  yellow  col- 
oring.    The  type  is  in  the  collection  of  tliis  Society, 


159 

Hcliopliila  adoiica  Orute. 

S  . —  Intornu'iliate  in  frencral  cliiuacterfl  between  //.  phntf/mitidieola  and  //. 
conunoidcs,  tha  h'md  wings  ratlier  resembling  the  former,  the  front  pair  thi; 
latter  species.  The  fore  wings  are  shaded  longitudinally  with  reddish,  the 
costal  region  to  the  black  dotted  t.  p.  line  and  beyond  on  the  veins  being  differ- 
entiated by  its  grayish  color.  Median  nervure  accompanied  by  a  deeper  red- 
dish shade  and  marked  with  whitish.  A  white  dot  at  the  extremity  of  the 
uervure.  The  usual  black  dot  at  the  ])lace  of  the  reniform  is  not  perceptible 
in  any  of  my  four  fresh  specimens.  Veins  accented  by  paler  scales.  A  darker 
irregular  shading  over  the  terminal  space.  A  very  narrow  medial  black  lon- 
gitudinal basal  streak,  and  a  very  slight  one  on  internal  margin  near  the  base. 
Fringes  dark  reddish,  obsoletely  cut  with  pale  hairs  at  the  extremity  of  the 
veins.  Hind  wings  whitish  with  soiled  veins  and  shaded  fuscous  borders  and 
the  fringes  lightly  stained  with  reddish.  Beneath  reddish,  irrorate ;  on  the 
fore  wings  the  transverse  line  indicated  on  costa;  hind  wings  pale  except 
along  costal  region.  Collar  with  double  lines.  Body  parts  reddish  gray,  abdo- 
men paler. 

Exjyanse,  34  m.  m.     Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  coll.  Smith. 

This  species  wants  the  determinate  black  streaks  on  the  primaries 
of  //.  commoides,  is  a  slighter  and  more  rnddy  species  and  may  be 
distinguished  from  H.  2J^^m9^^^itidicola  by  the  characters  of  the 
darker  male  secondaries. 

Anicla  n.  g. 

Form  of  Laphygma  frugiperda  and  with  the  compressed  vestiture  of  Cara- 
drina.  So  also  with  a  resemblance  to  Prodenia,  but  separable  from  each  by  the 
fact  that  all  the  tibiae  are  spinose.  This  character  brings  the  moth  near  to 
Agrotis,  but  the  smooth  and  flattened,  untufted  thoracic  squamae  offer  a  dis- 
tinguishing feature.  The  femora  and  tibiae  show  some  looser  fringing  of 
hair.  Eyes  naked.  Labial  palpi  stout  with  short  obtuse  terminal  article. 
Male  antennae  simple,  merely  pubescent  beneath.  Front  rather  broad  and  the 
head  is  prominent  and  thickly  scaled.  The  hind  wings  are  translucent  and 
from  the  total  habitual  appearance  we  should  refer  the  moth  to  Lapliygma  or 
Prodenia  at  first  sight,  from  which  the  above  characters  and  the  untufted  tho. 
rax  and  abdomen  will  separate  it.  (There  is  a  short  thick  discolorous  fringing 
of  scales  to  the  eyes  which  seems  to  me  to  differ  from  the  ordinary  character 
of  "  fringes.") 

This  genus  leads  me  to  believe,  that  Lederer's  '' Noduiden^'  might 
more  naturally  follow  his  ^'Caradrinen^^  in  a  grouping  of  the  genera. 
In  my  "  List "  the  genus  may  provisionally  precede  Laiilnjgma  on 
page  22. 

Anicla  Alabamae  Qrote. 

t,  2  . — Stouter  than  L.  fritgiperda  and  quite  distinct  in  coloration  from  any 
of  the  varieties  of  that  species  described  by  Prof.  Riley  in  the  Missouri  Reports. 


160 

Fore  wings  and  thorax  of  a  livid  gray  mottled  with  darker  scales  except  the 
terminal  space  from  below  the  apices  which  is  blackish  ;  a  vinous  shade  pre- 
cedes the  sinuous  subterminal  line,  which  latter  is  relieved  and  distinct ;  fringes 
vinous.  The  ordinary  lines  are  obsolete  except  the  t.  p.  line  which  is  formed 
of  minute  black  dots  obsoletely  connected  by  a  scalloped  hair  line.  Reniform 
more  or  less  filled  with  blackish  scales  ;  orbicular  indistinct ;  t.  a.  line  obsolete  ; 
costal  edge  darker  shaded.  Hind  wings  opalescent  with  very  narrow  fuscous 
borders,  smoky  costal  region  and  soiled  veins.  Beneath  the  fore  wings  are 
shaded  fuscous  with  vinous  fringes ;  hind  wings  as  on  upper  surface.  The 
palpi  have  the  basal  joints  vinous  brown  and  the  legs  and  under  thoracic  ves- 
titure  are  vinous  gray.  The  collar  is  discolorous,  deep  brown.  Eyes  naked ; 
squamation  close  ;  all  the  tibiae  weakly  spiuose ;  male  antennae  simple,  very 
shortly  setose. 

Expanse,  36  m.  m.  Habitat,  Central  Alabama  (Grote).  Collec- 
tion of  this  Society. 

Lithoyliane  oriunda  Grotc. 

Allied  to  L.  BetJiunei  and  belonging  to  the  typical  group  of  the  genus. 
Distinct,  intense,  even,  somewhat  purply  brown.  Fore  wings  concolorous  with 
the  costal  edge  shaded  with  whitish  to  the  t.  p.  line,  and  interrupted  by  oblique 
brown  streaks  indicating  the  transverse  lines.  Reniform  and  orbicular  spots 
more  or  less  shaded  with  whitish,  shaped  as  in  L.  Bethunei.  Claviform  dis- 
tinctly outlined  in  black,  large.  Subterminal  line  alone  distinctly  indicated 
by  pale  points.  The  median  dentate  lines  more  or  less  lost  in  the  ground 
color.  Veins  terminally  indistinctly  black  marked  opposite  pale  dots  on  the 
brown  dentate  fringes.  Secondaries  dark  fuscous,  with  a  warmer  shade  on  the 
fringes.  Beneath  paler,  shaded  with  reddish,  with  a  distinct  discal  spot  on 
the  paler  hind  wings  and  a  common  line.  On  the  primaries  the  pale  costal 
dots  are  evident  on  both  surfaces. 

Expanse,  34  m.  m.     Canada,  Mr.  Wm.  Saunders,  No.  960. 

Color  like  L.ferrealis,  but  darker,  with  the  subterminal  line  more 
even,  the  orbicular  smaller  and  the  costal  discoloration  paler  and 
more  distinctly  contrasted  and  limited. 

Ortliosia  iufuinata  Grote. 

This  is  a  rather  wide  winged  species  with  naked  eyes,  distinctly  lashed. 
The  untufted  abdomen  is  somewhat  compressed  but  not  flattened  as  in  Glaea^ 
the  wings  proportionally  wider  terminally.  The  tibiae  are  unarmed.  Dull 
pale  ochery,  much  shaded  with  fuscous  on  the  primaries  beyond  the  median 
shade.  Transverse  lines  narrow,  even,  dark  ;  the  t.  a.  line  obliquely  arcuate 
being  produced  on  cell  2.  Median  shade  rather  diifuse  and  broad.  Ordinary 
spots  rather  large  and  vague,  stained  with  bright  ocherous,  the  reniform  in- 
cluding an  inferior  black  mark.  T.  p.  line  arcuate,  distinct.  Subterminal  line 
faint  with  a  preceding  darker  shade  deepening  on  costa.  Hind  wings  very 
pale  ochery,  more  or  less  brightly  tinted,  with  double  faint  transverse  fuscous 


IGl 

shade  lines.  Fringes  concolorous,  even.  Terminal  lines  obsolete.  Beneath 
pale  yellowish  ochery  with  double  lines  and  faint  discal  marks.  Abdomen  very 
pale  ;  thorax  like  primaries. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.     Ilahitat,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Specimens  received   from   Mr.  Geo.  Norman   vary   from   ocher 
yellow  to  smoky  testaceous  in  color. 

Pseudorthosia  n.  g. 

The  habitus  and  shape  of  the  wings  are  like  Orthosia.  Eyes  naked,  with 
lashes.  Front  broad  ;  clypeus  protuberant,  rugose.  All  the  tibiae  armed,  the 
fore  pair  with  a  double  row,  terminating  in  longer  spinules.  Male  antennae 
bristled,  brush-like.  Thorax  and  abdomen  without  tufts,  the  former  propor- 
tionally heavy  and  square. 

The  broad  rugose  front  must  be  used  to  separate  the  genus  from  Agrotis  ;  its 
natural  position  seems  with  Orthosia  and  allied  genera.  The  color  is  almost 
that  of  Calymiiia. 

Pseudorthosia  variabilis  Orote. 

5  9  . — A  rather  large  pale  yellowish  or  fawn  colored  species  with  variably 
distinct  ornamentation,  thorax  and  fore  wings  light  yellowish  buff,  quite  pale, 
sometimes  lightly  soiled  with  fuscous.  Primaries  with  the  ordinary  lines  even, 
the  t.  a.  line  somewhat  angulated,  divergent.  The  discal  dots  are  usually  dis- 
tinct and  black  ;  the  orbicular  an  oblique  streak,  the  reniform  narrow,  upright. 
Median  shade,  variably  distinct.  As  in  Orthosia  purpurea,  the  subterminal 
line  is  usually  preceded  on  costa  by  a  dark  shade.  Terminal  interspaceal  dark 
dots ;  fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  almost  whitish,  very  pale,  tinted  like 
fore  wings,  with  more  or  less  distinct  subterminal  transverse  shade.  Beneath 
with  dots  and  a  common  line  more  or  less  distinctly  marked  on  the  costae. 

Expanse,  38  m.  m.  Five  specimens.  "  Sept.,  Oct.,"  Mr.  Jas.  Beli- 
rens,  Sauzalito. 

Plusia  fratella  Orote. 

$  5  . — Closely  allied  to  Plusia  gamma,  from  Europe  and  America,  but  hard- 
ly more  than  half  as  large  and  differing  in  the  details  of  the  ornamentation. 
The  color  of  the  fore  wings  is  the  same.  The  metallic  mark  is  very  narrow 
and  whitish,  and  its  outer  extremity  is  disconnected  as  a  small  silvery  dot.  The 
t.  p.  line  is  distinctly  geminate,  more  even  and  without  the  interruption  on  vein 
2  and  the  dentations  above  vein  1  of  P.  gamma.  The  subterminal  line  and  the 
submetallic  preceding  shade  is  very  similar  in  the  two  species.  Hind  wings 
and  under  surface  very  similar  to  those  of  its  ally,  from  which  it  may  be  easily 
separated  by  the  characters  above  given. 

Expanse,  30  m.  m.     Ilahitat,  Texas  (0.  Meske). 

BUL.   BUF.   SOC.  NAT.   SCI.  (21)  SEPTEMBEK,   1874. 


162 

Acerra  n.  g. 

t, . — Related  to  Plusia,  the  squamation  entirely  hairy.  The  colors  are  those  of 
Lygranthoecia  a.nd  Plagiomimicus.  Eyes  hairy.  Front  full,  with  the  vestiture 
converging  from  the  sides  but  without  depression  as  in  Plagiomimicus,  Stihad- 
ium  or  Stiria.  Antennae  with  stout  though  not  lengthy  pectinations.  Be- 
tween the  antennae  the  vestiture  is  somewhat  pointedly  massed.  Tibiae  ap- 
parently unarmed.  Palpi  short  with  the  3d  joint  concealed.  The  tibiae  and 
femora  are  fringed  with  loose  hair.  The  thorax  and  abdomen  are  proportion- 
ate, untufted. 

Acerra  normalis  Orote. 

3  . — Color  of  Lygranthoecia  Thoreaui.  Pearly  gray.  The  ordinary  ornamen- 
tation of  the  fore  wings  is  replaced  by  an  irregularly  quadrate  white  line,  open 
to  the  costa  and  complete  on  the  other  three  sides,  commencing  at  about  the 
position  of  the  t.  a.  line,  extending  along  the  middle  of  the  wing  below  the 
median  vein  and  running  outwardly  and  more  straightly  upwardly  to  vein  8  at 
the  end  of  the  discal  cell,  and  diffusely  outwardly  shaded  on  all  three  sides  with 
deep  black.  Faint  traces  of  an  even  transverse  line  over  the  nervules  beyond 
this  mark,  apparently  occupying  the  position  of  the  t.  p.  line.  On  the  subcostal 
vein,  within  the  discal  mark,  there  is  a  central  black  dot,  V-shaped,  edged  with 
pale  scales.  A  terminal  series  of  black  dots.  Hind  wings  concolorous,  pale 
fuscous.  Beneath  grayish,  irrorate  with  dark  scales  with  black  discal  marks 
and  a  common  even  transverse  line.     Body  parts  concolorous  with  wings. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.  California,  Mr.  Behrens,  No.  61/62.  The 
genus  may  follow  Plagmnimicus  on  page  33  of  my  List  of  the 
Noctuidae  of  North  America. 

Taraclie  terminimaculata  Grote,  Bui.  B.  S.  N.  S.  Vol.  1,  p.  153. 

5  . — I  regard  the  following  as  the  female  of  T.  terminimaculata,  with  hesi- 
tation. The  specimens  agree  with  my  male  type  in  almost  every  particular 
except  that  in  my  two  ?  specimens  the  white  even  curved  line  which,  in  ter- 
minimaculata $  runs  from  the  anteapical  oblique  white  costal  streak  to  the 
internal  margin  and  regularly  encloses  the  brown  shading  of  the  wing,  here 
only  goes  to  the  median  vein  and  forms  a  sharper  C-shaped  curve.  An  analo- 
gous sexual  difference  is  apparently  not  yet  recorded  in  this  group.  In  the 
female  specimens  the  oblique  t.  a.  line  is  also  distinct  and  followed  by  a  black 
shade.  The  two  forms  agree  in  all  else,  while  the  outer  white  dentate  curved 
streak  before  the  internal  angle  is  more  vivid  in  the  female  and  preceded  by  a 
similar  orange  shade,  intersecting  the  dark  field  between  the  two  white  curved 
streaks.  The  general  color  is  the  same  and  the  disposition  of  the  terminal 
black  dots  and  the  black  rivulous  portion  of  the  t.  p.  line  opposite  the  cell 
correspond  in  the  two  forms.  The  hind  wings  are  darker  in  the  S  specimens, 
but  this  is  not  an  unusual  sexual  character  ;  the  median  space  on  the  primaries 
is  also  darker  shaded  in  these  specimens.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  A.  Lintner 
and  Prof.  Packard  for  $  specimens  taken  in  New  York  and  Massachusetts  and 
for  which,  should  my  present  determination  be  wrong,  I  propose  the  name 
pulchella. 


163 


Toxocniiipa  Victoria  Orote. 


$  5. — Foro  wings  pale  lilac  gray,  aul)irrorato,  tins  linos  except  iho  Kiil)tor- 
minal  very  indistinct.  Orbicular  a  minute  pure  white  dot.  Ileniforni  upright, 
moderate,  brown  black  or  sometimes  ociierous,  resolved  externally  into  detached 
dots.  Subterminal  space  darker  shaded  than  the  rest  of  the  wing  widening  to 
costa.  Subterminal  line  vague,  white  or  pale,  waved.  A  series  of  interspaceal 
black  terminal  dots  ;  fringes  pale  with  an  interior  shade  line.  Hind  wings  j^ale 
dusty  fuscous  with  terminal  shading ;  beneath  with  very  faint  transverse  shades ; 
on  the  primaries  a  discal  shading.  Collar  and  vertex  deep  blackish  brown, 
velvety,  discolorous  with  the  gray  thorax.  A  white  line  projecting  in  front 
runs  between  the  white  antennal  sockets  and  separates  the  paler  brown  clypeal 
vestiture  from  the  dark  vertex;  palpi  grayish  brown. 

Expanse,  48  m.  m.  Hahitat,  Victoria  (Gr.  R.  Crotch,  in  Mus. 
Comp.  Zoology). 

Resembles  the  European  T.  astragali  H.-S.,  fig.  269),  but  differs 
by  the  white  orbicular  and  the  evident  subterminal  line,  as  well  as 
the  shape  of  the  reniform.  The  genus  is  not  previously  registered 
as  American.  It  may  be  cited  after  Catocala,  on  page  43  of  my  List 
of  the  Noctuidae  of  North  America. 

Note. — Mr.  Lintner  kindly  draws  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  I 
have  omitted  the  following  species  regarded  as  common  to  Europe 
and  America  from  the  "  List."  It  should  be  cited  under  Eurois,  on 
page  12.  The  Polyphaenis  herhacea  of  M.  Guenee,  unknown  to  me, 
and  cited  under  Eurois  in  the  List,  should  be  retained  under  its 
original  genus.  E.  herhida  has  the  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose. 
I  do  not  verify  the  differences  mentioned  by  M.  Guenee ;  in  the  fe- 
male the  white  cloud  beyond  the  reniform  seems  more  conspicuous 
in  American  specimens.    I  think  they  are  the  same. 

*Iierl)ida  {W.  F.) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  75. 


164 


XI.    Determination  of  the  Species  of  Moths  Figured 
in  the  "Natural  History  of  New  York" 

BY   AUG.  E.  GROTE,  A.  M. 
\Read  before  this  Society,  Sept.  18, 1874.J 

The  subtitle  of  the  volume  which  is  devoted  to  Entomology  in 
the  "Natural  History  of  New  York"  reads:  "Agriculture  of  New 
York:  comprising  an  account  of  the  classification,  composition  and 
distribution  of  the  soils  and  rocks,  and  of  the  climate  and  agricul- 
tural productions  of  the  State;  together  with  descriptions  of  the 
more  common  and  injurious  species  of  Insects.  By  E.  Emmons, 
M.  D.  Volume  V.  Albany:  printed  by  0.  Van  Benthuysen,  1854." 
The  Preface  concludes  with  the  following  exposition  of  the  charac- 
ter of  the  contents  of  the  volume:  "I  have  figured  such  insects  as 
I  have  seen,  and  know  to  belong  to  New  York  and  New  England  ; 
but  I  have  not  seen  them  in  all  their  states,  and  am  therefore  fre- 
quently indebted  to  others  for  the  figures  given  of  the  larva  and 
pupa  stages.  Some  are  copied  from  Abbott  &  Smith's  work  on  the 
insects  of  Georgia,  and  some  from  other  works  of  like  kind.  I  have 
figured  very  few  foreign  species,  and  these  have  had  some  special  pur- 
pose in  view.  The  figures  have  been  drawn  from  specimens  of  the 
insects  themselves,  by  E.  Emmons,  Jr.,  and  are  faithful  and  accurate 
portraits  of  the  individuals  from  which  they  were  taken.  It  is  diffi- 
cult, however,  to  secure  a  finished  and  uniform  coloring,  especially 
for  so  large  an  edition  as  three  thousand  copies.  I  do  not  deem  it 
necessary  to  point  out  the  faults  of  this  volume;  for  the  keen  sighted, 
and  those  who  are  disposed  to  look  after  them  will  find  them  with 
little  trouble.  I  am  persuaded,  however,  that  the  general  reader,  as 
well  as  the  student,  will  find  in  it  many  valuable  records." 

A  perusal  of  the  text  and  an  examination  of  the  figures  of  the 
moths,  fail  to  persuade  us  that  this  volume  contains  anything  like 
a  valuable  record  of  any  of  the  species.  The  severest  fault  com- 
mitted is  the  insincerity  of  not  usually  especially  indicating  in  the 
text  the  borrowed  figures  and  matter,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  find 


165 

out  exactly  what  is  original  and  what  is  cojjied  from  older  writers. 
No  new  species  are  described  and  no  new  fiicts  of  importance  are 
given  in  the  text,  so  that  our  interest  is  confined  to  a  determination 
of  the  species  represented,  and  Aviiich  are  frequently  unnamed  or 
incorrectly  named  in  (he  text.  With  regard  to  the  apologetic  state- 
ment as  to  the  coloring,  we  think  that  a  great  uniformity  has  in 
reality  been  secured  and  that  by  the  simplest  means,  viz.,  that  of 
painting  a  variegated  insect  of  a  single  color,  as  for  instance  Scoli- 
opteryx  libatrix,  Plate  45,  fig.  3.  The  copies  from  Drury  and  Abbot 
and  Smith  are  generally  grossly  and  inaccurately  colored,  the  thorax 
and  abdomen  of  Catocala  epione,  for  instance,  being  represented  of 
a  brilliant  blue.  The  defects  are,  however,  too  general  to  merit  de- 
tailed attention,  and  are  merely  mentioned  so  that  the  issuance  of  a 
fresh  volume  on  the  Entomology  of  the  State  may  be  fully  excused. 
The  error  of  position,  by  which  the  original  subjects  are  generally 
represented  Avith  their  wings  deflexed,  is  a  main  defect  of  the  illus- 
trations of  the  moths,  while  the  text  combines  glaring  faults  of 
classification  with  instances  of  correct  description  which  sufficiently 
show  its  compilatory  character.  The  moths  represented  on  the 
Plates  are  as  follows : 

Plate  6.     "  Attacus  prometheus,  figs.  1  to  4." 

The  figure  of  the  cocoon  is  uncharacteristic,  otherwise  the  species, 
Callosamia  promethea  (Drury),  is  recognizably  given. 

Plate  6.    "Loxotaenia  rosaceana,  figs.  8  to  11." 

The  species  intended  is  perhaps  Tortrix  rosaceana  (Harris). 

Plate  36.  "  Dryocampa  pellucida,  figs.  1,  3,  a,  c,"  and  "  Phalaena 
quercaria,  figs.  2,  4,  b,  d,"  are  copies  from  Abbot  and  Smith's  work 
on  the  Insects  of  Georgia. 

Plate  37.  "Phalaena  (Orgyia)  leucostigma,  figs.  1,  a,  b,  c,  f,"  and 
"  Phalaena  neustria,  figs.  2,  4,  d,  g,"  and  "  Phalaena  albifrons,  figs. 
3,  5,  e,  h,"  are  copies  from  Abbot  and  Smith. 

Plate  38.  "  Sphinx  octomaculatus,  figs.  2,  a,  b,"  copied  from  Abbot 
and  Smith. 

Plate  39.  "  Attacus  luna,  figs.  1,  a.  b,"  and  "  Saturnia  maia,  figs. 
2,  3,  c,  d,  e,"  are  bad  copies  from  Abbot  and  Smith,  the  latter  cred- 
ited to  the  original  in  the  text,  p.  232. 


166 

Plate  40.     "  Sphinx  Brontes,  fig.  1." 

This  is  a  copy  of  Drury,  Vol.  2,  PI.  29,  fig.  3.  I  have  shown, 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  Vol.  5,  p.  69,  that  the  species  is  probably  West 
Indian. 

id.    "  Geometra  argentata,  fig.  2." 

This  is  a  copy  of  Drury,  Vol.  2,  PI.  14,  fig.  4.  There  is  no  allu- 
sion to  the  figure  in  Emmons'  text.  Drury  states  that  he  has  re- 
ceived the  species  from  New  England.  There  is  no  doubt  that  Drury 
represents  the  species  since  described  as  Uivla  cliaynaechry sella  by 
Walker,  and  that  this,  following  the  laws  of  priority,  should  be 
known  in  future  as  Aegyeia  aegentata. 

id.    "  Glaucopis  pliolus,  fig.  3." 

This,  although  representing  so  common  an  insect,  seems  to  be  a 
copy  of  Drury,  Vol.  2,  PI.  28,  fig.  3. 

id.  "  Smerinthus  astylus,  fig.  4,"  "  Dryocampa  virginiensis,  fig.  5," 
"  Geometra  serrata,  fig.  6,"  are  all  copies  from  Drury.  Figure  7, 
"Dryocampa  imperialis"  is  also  a  copy  of  Drury's Plate  9,  fig.  1, 
which  is  a  coarse  figure  of  our  species  much  better  represented  by 
Abbot. 

Plate  41.    "  Phalaena  dione,  fig.  1,  4,  6,  8." 

These  are  copies  from  Abbot  of  Ardia  «n/e,  previously  illustrated 
by  Drury,  1,  PI.  18,  fig.  3  (not  "  2  "  as  cited  by  Dr.  Packard,  Proc. 
Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  1864,  p.  118). 

id.    "  Spilosoma  arge,  fig.  3." 

This  represents  the  same  species  as  the  preceding,  but  is  a  copy  of 
Drury's  figure  above  cited. 

id.    "  Spilosoma  acraea,  fig.  2  (male)  and  fig.  5  (female)." 
These  are  copies  of  Drury,  Plate  3,  figs.  3  and  2. 

id.    "  Spilosoma  cunea,  fig.  7." 

This  is  a  copy  of  Drury,  1,  Plate  18,  fig.  4. 

id.    "  Spilosoma  egle,  fig.  11." 

This  is  a  copy  from  Drury,  2,  Plate  20,  fig.  3. 

id.    "  Bupalus  catenarius,  fig.  10." 

This  is  a  copy  of  Drury,  1,  Plate  8,  fig.  3. 

id.    "  Spilosoma  nais,  fig.  9." 

This  is  a  copy  of  Drury,  1,  Plate  7,  fig.  3. 


167 

Plate  42.  "Noctua  sqnamularis,  fig.  1,  Gcometra  transversalis,  fig. 
2,  Erebus  edusa,  fig.  3,  Noctua  iindularis,  fig.  4,  Catocala  alTinis,  fig. 
5,  Noctua  luuata,  fig.  G,  Noctua  (Acoiitia)  uuudina,  fig.  7,  Catocala 
epione,  fig.  8,  Noctua  (Acoutia)  margaritata,  fig.  9,  Sphinx  Caro- 
lina, fig.  10,  are  all  copies  from  Drury.  The  nomenclature,  as 
well  perhaps  as  the  figures,  are  taken  from  Westwood's  Edition, 
which,  as  far  as  the  coloring  of  the  Plates  is  concerned,  is  inferior 
to  the  original. 

Plate  43.     "  Phalaena  phyllira,  fig.  8." 
This  is  a  copy  of  Abbot's  figure. 

id.     "  Callimorpha  epimcnis,  fig.  10." 
This  is  a  copy  of  Drury's  fig.  3,  Plate  39,  Vol.  3. 

Plate  44.     "Attacus  polyphemus,  fig.  1." 

This  figure  and  the  rest  on  this  Plate  are  probably  original.  The 
wings  are  partially  deflexed  and  drawing  and  coloring  are  alike  bad. 
This  figure  represents  Telea  polyphemus  (Linn). 

id.     "Sphinx  (Philampilus?)  pampinatrix,  fig.  2." 
The  species  seems  to  be  Darapsa  myron  [Cram.). 

id.     "  Catocala  amasia,  fig.  3." 

The  determination  is  erroneous.  The  species  represented  is 
Parthenos  nubilis  Huhner. 

id.    "  Attacus  cecropia,  fig.  4." 

The  figure  represents  Platysamia  cecropia  {Linn.). 

Plate  45.     "Clisiocampa  americana,  fig.  1." 

Seems  rather  to  represent  C.  sylvatica  Harris.  The  drawing  and 
coloring  of  this  Plate,  which  appears  to  have  been  made  from  actual 
specimens,  are  alike  indifferent  as  in  Plate  44. 

id.    "  Agrotis  ?  fig.  2." 

The  figure  represents  Hadena  arctica  {Boisduval). 

id.     "  Geometra  ?  fig.  3." 

From  the  shape  of  the  primaries  the  species  intended  seems  to  be 
Scoliopteryx  libatrix  [Linn.). 

id.     "  Arctia  virginica,  fig.  4." 

The  determination  is  erroneous.  The  figure  seems  to  represent 
Ilyphantria  textor  Harris. 


168 

id.     "  Philampelus  satellitia,  fig.  5." 

The  species  is  now  more  correctly  known  as  Philampelus  pandorus 
{Iluhner). 

id.    «  Undescribed  ?  fig.  6." 

The  figure  represents  a  Geometrid,  unidentified  by  us. 

id.    "Undescribed?  fig.7" 

The  figure  probably  represents  Lithacodes  fasciola  (H.-S.). 

id.    "Undescribed?  fig.  8." 

The  figure  probably  represents  Eustrotia  synochitis  {G.  cC  E.). 

id.    "  Bombyx  ?  (undescribed),  fig.  9." 

The  figure  represents  the  male  Cressonia  juglandis  {Abb.  &  Sm.). 

id.    "Agrotis ,  fig.  10." 

Perhaps  the  figure  represents  Agrotis  tessellata  Harris. 

id.    "  Agrotis ,  fig.  11." 

The  figure  represents  Agrotis  suff'usa  (  W.  V.). 

Plate  46.    "  Deiopeia  bella,  fig.  5." 

The  determination  is  correct ;  the  insect  is  now  regarded  as  a  form 
of  Utetheisa  ornatrix  {Linn.). 

id.    "  Undescribed  ?  fig.  6." 

The  species  represented  is  Angerona  crocataria  {Fabr.). 

Plate  47.     "  Callimorpha  parthenice,  fig.  3." 

The  insect  represented  is  Arctia  virgo  {L.),  with  which  Kirby's 
species  is  probably  synonymous. 

id.     "  Callimorpha  virguncula,  fig.  5." 

The  insect  figured  is  probably  Arctia  virguncula  {Kirby),  although 
the  hind  wings  are  erroneously  colored. 

id.    "  Eudryas  grata,  fig.  8." 

This  determination  is  correct.  On  this  Plate  outline  figures  are 
given  also  of  "  Carpocapsa  pomonella,  fig.  4  "  and  "  Adela  Degeerella, 
fig.  7." 

If,  in  1854,  the  appreciation  of  the  value  of  Entomology  warranted 
the  publication  of  Dr.  Emmons'  volume,  certainly  its  substitution 
in  1874,  by  a  more  correct  work,  is  demanded  alike  by  the  present 
status  of  the  Science  and  the  honor  of  the  State  of  New  York. 


1G9 


XII.     A  List  of  the  Leptidae,  Mydaidae  and 
Dasypogonina  of  North  America 

BY    ClI.  R.  OSTEN  SACKEN". 
[Read  before  this  Society,  Oct.  10,  1874.] 

Owing  to  the  large  increase  in  the  number  of  the  described 
species  of  North  American  Diptera  since  the  publication  of  my 
"Catalogue"  (Washington,  Smithsonian  Institution,  1858),  a  new 
catalogue  of  the  same  kind  becomes  a  matter  of  necessity.  I  will 
endeavor  to  prepare  such  a  work,  not  exactly  on  the  same  plan  with 
the  former,  but  with  the  improvements  required  by  the  present  state 
of  the  science.  Instead  of  merely  compilatory,  the  new  catalogue 
will  be  synonymical,  at  least  as  far  as  our  present  knowledge  ad- 
mits of  it. 

Of  course,  I  could  not  attempt  such  a  publication  with  much 
hope  of  success,  without  the  prospect  of  the  assistance  of  my  friend 
and  valued  correspondent.  Dr.  Loew.  The  labor  he  has  devoted  for 
the  last  fifteen  years  to  the  study  of  American  Diptera,  places  him 
at  the  head  of  those  who  know  anything  about  this  branch  of  the 
American  fauna.  On  his  assistance  I  have  drawn,  and  mean  to 
draw  largely  during  my  work. 

The  geographical  area  of  the  new  catalogue  will  be  the  same  as 
that  of  the  old  one.  That  is,  it  will  embrace  the  North  American 
Continent  as  far  as  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  But  in  order  to  facil- 
itate the  survey  of  the  species  found  within  the  United  States,  I 
intend  to  arrange  the  species  of  each  genus  in  three  groups,  the 
first  of  which  will  embrace  the  Atlantic  States,  the  second  the 
Pacific  States,  and  the  third  the  tropical  countries  (Mexico,  Central 
America  and  the  West  Indies).  For  the  dividing  line  between  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  provinces,  I  take  the  line  of  the  water-shed  of 
the  two  Oceans.  A  species  belonging  to  two  groups  simultaneously 
will  be  placed  in  the  earlier  group.  Within  each  group  the  sjiecies 
will  be  arranged  alphabetically. 

BUL.    BUF.    SOC.   NAT.    SCI.  (33)  OCTOBER,    18T4. 


170 

The  aim  of  the  publication  of  the  fragment  of  a  catalogue  given 
below,  is  to  test  the  practicability  of  the  new  plan  which  I  propose 
to  adopt.  The  principal  portion  of  this  fragment  is,  perhaps  more 
than  any  other  portion  of  the  catalogue  will  be,  the  work  of  Mr. 
Loew.  Since  the  monograph  published  by  him  twenty-five  years 
ago  in  the  Linnaea  Entomologica,  the  AsiUdae  were  his  favorite 
family.  Among  the  AsiUdae  of  North  America,  the  Dasypogo- 
nina  attracted  his  especial  attention,  as  the  number  of  species 
described  and  that  of  the  new  genera  created,  sufficiently  proves. 
For  the  list  which  I  give  below,  Mr.  Loew  contributed  the  sequence 
of  the  genera,  the  distribution  of  the  species  among  the  genera, 
and  many  of  the  synonymies.  My  work  has  been  to  complete  the 
references,  to  suggest  some  synonymies,  and  to  verify  the  whole,  so 
as  to  insure  correctness  and  avoid  omissions.  Synonymies  and  ob- 
servations given  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Loew  are  marked  [Lw.]. 
In  the  same  way  synonymies  given  on  the  authority  of  other  authors 
are  marked  with  their  name.  In  cases  of  synonymy  I  have  admitted 
priority  only  when  the  earlier  description  was  sufficiently  distinct 
to  enable  a  reasonably  certain  identification.  By  a  somewhat  bold 
interpretation  of  some  of  the  older  descriptions,  I  believed  in  some 
cases  to  have  identified  some  of  the  species  published  much  later  by 
Mr.  Loew.  But  it  would  be  imprudent  fully  to  adopt  these  synony- 
mies, without  a  careful  comparison  of  the  original  specimens,  some 
of  which,  may  be,  are  no  longer  in  existence. 

Species  unknown  to  Mr.  Loew  or  to  myself,  have  been  referred  to 
the  newly  formed  genera  hypothetically,  upon  a  careful  perusal  of 
their  descriptions.  This  applies  especially  to  the  Mexican  species, 
placed  in  the  genus  Dioymites.  In  such  cases,  errors  may  have 
occurred,  and  some  synonymies  may  have  been  overlooked. 

The  comparison  of  the  number  of  species  contained  in  the  old 
and  in  the  present  catalogues,  will  give  an  idea  of  the  progress  made 
since  1858.  The  old  catalogue  contained  43  Dasypogonina,  dis- 
tributed among  4  genera  {Ceraturgus,  Dioctria,  Dasypogon,  Lepto- 
gaster).  The  new  list  embraces  141  species  and  28  genera  (68  spe- 
cies from  the  Atlantic  States,  18  from  the  Pacific,  and  55  from  the 
tropical  countries).  As  the  fauna  of  the  Atlantic  States  is,  for  us, 
the  object  of  a  more  immediate  interest,  I  will  state  that  among  the 
68  species  from  this  section  of  the  country  enumerated  below,  58 


171 

are  actually  ivpreseutod  in  our  collections.  Of  these  58  species,  not 
more  than  ten  are  found  in  the  old  catalogue,  the  remaining  48  thus 
representing  the  i)rogre3s  made  in  the  knowledge  of  the  fauna  since 
its  publication. 

The  Lcptidae  in  the  present  list  contain  47  species  (30  Atlantic, 
6  Pacific  and  11  tropical),  against  32  species  of  the  old  list  (all  from 
the  Atlantic  States,  but  at  least  five  of  which  drop  off  as  synonyms). 

The  Mydaidae  contain  28  species  (16  Atlantic,  3  Pacific  and  9 
tropical),  against  15  (8  Atlantic  and  7  tropical)  of  the  old  catalogue. 

The  stars  prefixed  to  the  specific  names  in  the  following  list,  indi- 
cate the  species  contained  in  Mr.  Loow's  collection,  or  in  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology. 

As  an  appendix,  I  give  the  description  of  three  new  species  of 
Mydas,  one  of  which  Avas  recently  discovered  in  the  State  of  New 
York. 


Family  LEPTIDAE. 

TRIPTOTRICHA. 

Loew,  Cent.  X,  15;  id.  Bed.  Eat.  Z.,  1874,  p.  381,  note. 

*fasciventris  Locic,  Bed.  Ent.  Z.,  1874,  p.  380.     Pennsylvania. 
*riillthorax  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  3G,  5  (Leptis);  Wiedemann,  Aiiss.  Zw. 
I,  p.  233  {id.).     Pennsylvania  ;  New  York  ;  Kentucky. 


*discolor  Loew,  Bed.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  379.     San  Francisco. 

*lauta  Loew,  Centur.  X,  15;  comp.  also  Berl.  Ent.  Z.,1874,  p.  382.     California. 


PHENEUS. 

Walker,  Dipt.  Saunders. 

tibialis   Walker,  Dipt.  Saund.  p.  156.     Tab.  IV,  fig.  3.     Jamaica. 

N.  B. — Mr.  Walker  refers  this  genus  to  the  Asilidae.     I  place  it  here  on  the 
autliority  of  Mr.  Loew  {in  Hit.). 

CHRYSOPILA. 

Macquart,  Dipt,  du  Nord  de  la  France,  1827. 

♦basilaris  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  36,  4  {Leptis);  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw. 
I,  p.  228,  16.  (id.)  VValker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  217.     Pennsylvania. 


172 

*fasciata  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  37,  7;  Amer.  Entom.,  Tab.  XIII  {Leptis); 
Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zvv.  I,  p.  225,  9  {id).     Middle  and  Northern  States. 
par  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  815. 
*{"oe(la  Loew,  Centur.  I,  18.     Illinois. 
*iuodesta  Loeio,  Centur.  X,  14.     Texas. 

*ornata  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  34,  1 ;   Amer.  Entom.,  Tab.  XIII  {Leptis). 
Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  221,  1  {id.).     Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  213 
(re-described,  the  identification  being  doubtful).    United  States  (common). 
propinqua   Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  215.    Trenton  Falls. 

simillima  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  215.     Trenton  Falls.     [  5  ;  synonymy  by 
Walker,  with  a  doubt.] 
*l)roxima   Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  214.     Northern  States  and  British  Posses- 
sions, not  rare. 
*qua(lrata  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  35,  3  {Leptis);  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p. 
220,  11  {id.)  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  216.     North  America  (common). 
fumipennis  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  37,  6  {Leptis).     Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw. 

I,  p.  227,  12.     {id.)  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  217  [  ^  ]. 
reflexa  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  216  [  5  ]. 

dispar  v.  d.  Wulp.  Tijdschr.  v.  Ent.  2  Ser.  II,  p.  143.     Tab.  IV,  fig.  6-11. 
*rotuii(lii)eniiis  Loew,  Centur.  I,  19.     Georgiar. 
Servillei  Guerin,  Iconogr.,  etc.,  Texte,  III,  p.  541.     Tab.  XCVI,  fig.  3  {Leptis). 
North  America. 
[I  suspect  that  this  is  nothing  but  Chr.  ornata.     But  the  femora  are  said  to 
be  brown  ?J 

*tlloracica  Fahi'icius,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  70,  4  {Leptis).     Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I, 
p.  222,  2  {id.);  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  1,  p.  32;    Tab.  Ill,  bis,  fig.  3. 
Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  214.     North  America  (common). 
*veliitiiia  LoeiD,  Centur.  I,  17.     Illinois,  Kentucky. 


*humilis  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  379.     San  Francisco. 


basalis   Walker,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  Ser.  V,  p.  285.     Mexico. 
*lu(lens  Loeio,  Wien.  Entom.  Mon.  V,  p.  34.     Cuba. 
mexicana  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  96.     Mexico. 
nigra  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  App.  p.  27.     Mexico. 
trifasciata   Walker,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  Ser.  V.  p.  284.     Mexico. 


LEPTIS. 

Fivbrieius,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  69,  1805;  Meigen,  Syst.  Besch.  Vol.  II. 

albicornis  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  38,  9  ;  Amer.  Entom.  Tab.  XIII.     Wiede- 
mann, Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  223;  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  212  {Ilhagio).     Penu. 
Boscii  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  1,  p.  30,  2.     C^arolina. 


173 

^diniidialii  Loeio,  Centur.  Ill,  17.     Sitka. 

*hil'til  LociP,  Centur.  I,  31.     Illinois. 
intenucilia   Walker,  Li.st,  etc.,  I,  p.  212  {Rharjlo).     Hudson  Bay  Tun-itory. 

*inystaeea  Mucqaart,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  1,  p.  30,  1  ;  Tab.  Ill,  his.  fig.  2.  Walker, 
List,  etc.,  I,  p.  212,  and  IV",  p.  1153  {Rhagio),  re-described,  the  identifica- 
tion being  doubtful.     North  America  (not  rare). 

*ocliracoa  Loew,  Centur.  II,  3.     New  York. 

*puiic'tip»Miiiis  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  34,2.    Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  227, 
Middle  and  Northern  States  (common). 
filia  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  219  {litherix). 

[Walker's  description  points  rather  to  L.  j)lumbea.     But  he  says :  haltores 
with  a  brown  knob '?] 

*l)liuul)ea  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  39,  10.     Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  228. 
Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  217.     Middle  States. 
griseola  v.  d.  Wulp.  Tijd.  v.  Ent.  2  Sec.  II,  p.  142,  Tab.  IV,  fig.  5.     [Loew, 
Zeitsch,  f.  Ges.  Naturw.  1870,  p.  115.] 
*tenninalis  Loew,  Centur.  I,  20.     New  York. 

*scaj)uLiris  Loeio,  Centur.  I,  23.     Illinois,  New  York,  District  Columbia. 
rertebrata  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  38,  8,  Amer.  Entom.  Tab.  XIII.     Wiede- 
mann, Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  224,  7.     Florida. 


*COStata  Loew,  Centur.  II,  4.     California. 
*incisa  Loew,  Centur.  X,  IG.     California. 


bitaeiiiata  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  App.  p.  26,  fig.  14.     Mexico. 
cinerea  Bellardi,  Saggio  etc.,  II,  p.  95.    Mexico. 
polytaeniata  Bellardi,  Saggio  etc.,  App.  p.  27,  f.  13.     Mexico. 


PTIOLINA. 

Zetterstedt,'D\\)i.  Scand.  I,  p.  236;  Staeger,  to  whom  the  genus  is  attributed, 
seems  merely  to  have  named  but  not  characterized  it.  Compare  also  Schiner, 
Dipt.  Aust.  I,  p.  179. 

*faseiata  Loeio,  Centur.  IX,  65.    British  North  America. 
*iiiajusciila  Loew,  Centur.  IX,  66.    British  North  America. 


ATHEKIX. 

Meigcn,  Illig.  Magaz.  II,  p.  271,  1803. 

*Tarioga1a  Walker,  List, etc.,  1, 128.    Northern  States, and  British  Possessions. 
*?  vidua  Walker,  List,  etc.,  IV,  p.  1153.    Hudson  Bay. 


174 
*varicoriiis  Loew,  Centur.  X,  13.     California. 


latipeiinis  Bdlardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  93.     Mexico. 

longipes  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  94,  Tab.  II,  fig.  17.     Mexico. 


Family  MYDAIDAE. 

LEPTOMTDAS. 

Oerstaecker,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1868. 

*veu0SUS  Loeic,  Cent.  VII,  26.     Pecos  Eiver,  Western  Texas. 


pantherinus  Oerstaecker,  Stett.  Ent.  Z.  1868,  p.  85.     California. 
*tenuipes  Loew,  Cent.  X,  20.     California. 


MYDAS. 

Fabricius,  Entom.  System,  IV,  p.  252,  1794. 

■*audax  n.  s.     Kentucky.    (See  appendix.) 
*carl)ouifer  n.  s.  New  York.    (See  appendix.) 
*clirysostomus  n.  s.    Texas.    (See  appendix.) 

*clavatus  Brury,  Illustr.  of  Nat.  Hist.  I,  p.  103, Tab.  44,  fig.  1,  and  Vol.  II,  App. 
(Musca) ;  West  wood.  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p.  51,  14. 
asiloides  Degeer,  VI,  Tab.  XXIX,  fig.  6  {JVemotelus). 
illucens  Fabricius,  Syst.  Ent.  756,  1  (Bibio). 

filata  Fabricius,  Spec.  Ins.  II,  p.  412  (Bibio) ;  Mantissa,  p.  328,  1 ;  (id.)  Ent. 
Syst.  IV,  p.  252  {My das) ;  Syst.  antl.  p.. 60,  1 ;  {id.)  Olivier,  Encycl.  Meth. 
VIII,  83,1;  Wiedemann,  Dipt.  Exot.  116,  2;  Auss.  Zw.  Ins.  I,  p.  240,  3. 
Monogr.  Midar.  Tab.  53,  fig.  8  (for  tbe  quotations  from  Latreille  and 
Dumeril,  see  Wiedemann) ;  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  228  ;  VI,  p.  361. 

[Fabricius,  in  the  Syst.  Ent.,  perhaps  in  consequence  of  a  lapsus  calami 
writes  illucens  for  filata  and  mce  versa.  In  the  Spec.  Insectorum,  as  if  becom- 
ing aware  of  his  error,  he  correctly  quotes  Syst.  Ent.  756, 1  (which  is  B.  illucens) 
as  a  synonym  of  his  B.  filatus.  Wiedemann,  in  Monogr.  Midar.,  and  Westwood, 
Arcana,  quote  correctly  B.  illuceris,  Syst.  Ent.  756,  1 ;  Oerstaecker  erroneously 
B.  filatus,  Syst.  Ent.  757,  2  (which  is  Hermetia  illucens).] 

crassipes  Westwood,  Arcan.  Ent.  I,  p.  51,  Tab.  XIII,  fig.  3.     North  America? 
fill vi pes  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.  IX,  p.  306.     Illinois. 
fillvifroiis  Illiger,  Magaz.  I,  p.  206;  Wied.  Mou.  Mid.  p.  47,  Tab.  LIII,  fig.  13. 
Georgia. 


17o 

iucisus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  '3,  p.  11,  Tab.  I,  fig.  1.     Carolina. 
*lntei|)onnis  Locw,  Cent.  VII,  23.     Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 
innculiv(Mitris  Westwood,  Lend,  and  Edinb.  Phil.  Mag.  1835,  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p. 

53,  Tab.  XIII,  fig.  5.     Georgia. 
pat'liysrastcr  WeMicood,  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p.  53,  Tab.  XIII,  fig.  4.     Georgia. 
parviiliis  Westicood,  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p.  53,  Tab.  XIII,  fig.  6.     Georgia  (Westw.), 

Florida  (Walk.). 
*8lmplex  Loew,  Cent.  VII,  25.     Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 
*tibialis  Wiedemann,  Mon.  Mid.  p.  42,  Tab.  LIII,  fig.  6,  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc., 

II,  p.  6.     Maryland  ;  Michigan  ;  Mexico  (Bellardi). 
^xaiithoptorus  Loeio,  Cent.  VII,  24.    Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 
lavatus  Gerstaecker,  Stett.  E.  Z.  1808,  p.  96.     Mexico. 


*veutralis  Gerstaecker,  Stett.  Ent.  Z.  1868,  p.  102.     California. 
rufiventris  Loew,  Cent.  VII,  22  [change  of  name  by  Qerst.]. 


annularis  Gerstaecker,  Stett.  E.  Z.  1868,  p.  100.    Mexico. 
basalis  Westwood,  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p.  53,  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  10.     Mexico. 
bitaeniatus  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  7,  Tab.  I,  fig.  1.     Mexico. 
iuterrnptus  Wiedemann,  Monogr.  Mid.  p.  46,  Tab.  LIII,  fig.  12.    Mexico. 

tricinctus  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  8,  Tab.  I,  fig.  2  [Gerst.]. 
militaris  Gerstaecker,  Stett.  E.  Z.  1868,  p.  99.    Mexico. 

mttatus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  4e  Suppl.  p.  60,  Tab.  IV,  fig.  6,  Bellardi, 

Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  7  [change  of  name  by  Gerst.]. 
rul)i(lapex  Wiedemann,  Monogr.  Mid.  p.  40,  Tab.  52,  fig.  2  ( <? ),  Auss.  Zvv.  II, 

p.  626,  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  5.     Mexico.  • 

senilis  Westwood,  Arc.  Ent.  I,  p.  52.    Mexico.  /• 

subintcrruptus  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  10,  Tab.  I,  fig.  3.    Mexico. 
tricolor  Wiedemann,  Mon.  Mid.  p.  42,  Tab.  53,  fig.  5.     Bigot,  R.  de  la  Sagra, 

etc.,  p.  799.     Cuba. 

[According  to  Mr.  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  228,  Dolicliogaster  (Mydas)  hrevi- 
cornis  Wied.  (variet.  iopterus  Wied.)  from  Brazil,  also  occurs  in  Florida  and 
Massachusetts.] 


170 

Family  ASILIDAE. 

Section   DASYPOGONINA. 

Division  A. — Front  tibiae  without  spurs. 

LEPTOGASTER. 

Mcigen,  Illig.  Mag.  1803  and  System.  Besclir.  I,  p.  342. 

*l)a(lius  LoeiD,  Centur.  II,  6.     Illinois. 
*l)revicoriii9  Loew,  Centur.  X,  23.     Texas. 
caroliufiusis  Schiner,  Verh.  Z.  B.  Qes.  1866.  p.  696.     Carolina. 

nitidus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  1, 2,  155, 1,  Tab.  XII,fig.  7  {Gonypes) ;  Walker, 
List,  etc.,  VII,  769. 

[The  name  L.  nitidus  having  been  used  for  several  other  species,  Mr. 
Loew  (Linn.  Entom.  II,  p.  395),  proposed  for  the  present  one  the  name  of  L. 
gigas,  which  he  thought  was  originally  intended  for  it  by  Macquart,  as  it  is 
engraved  on  the  plate.  But  the  name  on  the  plate  refers  to  L.  Audouinii,  and 
thus  that  proposed  by  Schiner  has  to  be  adopted.] 

*eudicranus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  353.    Texas. 
*favillaceus  Loew,  Centur.  II,  12.     Connecticut. 
*flavil)es  Loeio,  Centur.  II,  15.     United  States  (not  rare). 

flavicornis  v.  d.  Wulp,  Tijdschr.  v.  Ent.  2  Ser.  II,  p.  136.    Wisconsin  [Lw.]. 
*iiicisuralis  Loeio,  Centur.  II,  11.     Illinois. 

*llistrio  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  535,  5,  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VII,  p.  769. 
Penngylvania. 
anmdatus  Say,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  75,  1  [Wied.]. 
*muriiius  Loew,  Cent.  II,  9.     Nebraska. 
ochvaceiis  Schiner,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  XVII,  p.  359.     Pennsylvania. 
*pictil>es  Loew,  Centur.  II,  7.     Illinois. 
*teuuii}es  Loew,  Centur.  II,  14.     District  Columbia. 
*testaceus  Loew,  Centur.  II,  10.     New  York. 
*varipes  Loeio,  Centur.  II,  8.     District  Columbia. 


cubeusis  Bigot,  R.  de  la  Sagra's  Hist,  etc.,  p.  792  {Oonypes).    Cuba. 
fervens  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  II,  p.  646.     Mexico. 
*obsciiripes  Loew,  Centur.  II,  13.     Cuba. 

Itamoni  Jaennicke,  Neue  Exot.  Dipt.  p.  46.     Cuba  [Lw.]. 
Tniquii  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  87,  Tab.  II,  fig.  18.     Mexico. 


17' 


CEllATURGUS. 

Wiede7naim,  Ansa.  Zwoifl.  I,  p.  41-4,  1828. 

aiirnlentus  Fahricius,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  160,  11  {Basj/pogon);  Wiedemann,  Anal. 

Ent.  p.  13  {id.);  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  p.  228,  20  (id.);  Aiiss.  Zvv.  I,  p.  414,  1 ;  Tab. 

V,  fig.  5.     Macq.  Hist.  Nat.  Dipt.  I,  p.  239,  1 ;  Tab.  VII,  fig.   4  (head). 

Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  378.     New  York  (Fab.). 
cornutus   Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p.  382  {Basyiiofjon).    Patria  unknown. 

[Supposed  by  Mr.  Loew  to  be  from  North  America;  compare  his  Beschr. 

Europ.  Dipterea,  III,  p.  124.] 
*cruciatHS  Say,  J.Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  52,  0  {Basypogon) ;  Wiedemann,  Auss. 

Z\v.I,p.381,24(wZ.).    Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  42G.    Arkansas  (Say) ;  New 

York. 
fasciatus  Walker,  List, etc.,  II,  p.  307.     [Synonymy  by  Loew,  Beschr.  Europ. 

Dipt.  Ill,  p.  124.] 


dimidiatus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  2e  Supplem.  p.  35, 50  {Basypogon) ;  Walker, 
List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  428  ;  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  01  {Geraturgus).    Mexico. 

niger  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  25,  Tab.  II,  fig.  1 ;  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p. 
378.     North  America  (Macquart) ;  Mexico  (Walker). 
*ruflpeiiuis  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  2e  Suppl.  p.  32,  2.     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI, 
p.  378.     Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  59.     Mexico. 

vitripeniiis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  60.    Mexico. 


DIOCTRIA. 

Meigen,  Illig.  Magaz.  1803;  System.  Beschr.  Vol.  II. 

*Albius  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  301.     New  York,  Massachusetts,  etc. 
*resi)leudens  Loew,  Centur.  X,  21.     California. 

ECHTHODOPA. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  27,  1806. 

*formosa  Loew,  Centur.  X,  22.    Pennsylvania. 
*pul)era  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  27.    Nebraska. 


PLESIOMMA. 

Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  p.  54,  1838. 

*unicolor  IjOcw,  Centur.  VII,  35.     New  Mexico. 
*funesta  LoeiD,  Wien.  Ent.  Mon.  V,  p.  35  ;  Centur.  VIT,  31.     Cuba. 
lugubris  Jaennicke,  Neue  Exot.  Dipt.  p.  48  (Bioctria).    Cuba  [Lw.]. 

BTL.    ■BVr.    POC.    NAT.   PCI.  (2.3)  OCTOBER,    1874. 


178 

*iu(lecora  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  33.    Cuba. 

*lei)togastra  Loeio,  Centur.  VII,  33.     Cuba. 

*lilieata  Fnbndus,  Spec.  Ins.  II,  p.  465,  28 ;  Entom.  Syst.  IV,  p.  386,  47. 

{Asilus) ;  Syst.  Autl.  p.  167,  13.     Wiedemann,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  p.  221,  12. 

{Dasypogon) ;  Auss.  Zweifl.  I,  p.  385,  29  {id.).     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p. 
428,  Schiner,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  1867.  p.  374.     West  Indies. 
*macra  Zoew,  Wien.  Entom.  Zeitscbr.  V,  p.  35  ;  Centur.  VII,  34.     Cuba. 

longiventris  Scbiner,  Verb.  Z.  Bot.  Ges.  1867 ,  p.  375.     [Lw.] 

[Is  easily  distinguished  from  P.  lineata  Fab.  by  tbe  different  picture  of  the 
wings.     Lw.] 

/  MICROSTYLUM. 

Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  p.  26,  1838. 

*galactodes  Loeic,  Centur.  VII,  44.     Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 
*morosum  Loew,  Centur.  X,  27.    Dallas,  Texas. 


OSPRIOCERUS. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  51,  1866. 

*Aeacus  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  II,  p.  390  {Dasypogon).     Western  Territories. 
ahdominalis  Say,  Long's  Exped.  App.  p.  375  {Dasypogon).     [Wied.] 
spatJiulatus  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  82,  Tab.  I,  fig.  9  {Dasypogon)  [Lw.J. 
Mexico. 

*eutrophils  Loeic,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  355.     Texas. 

*Rhadamantus  Loetc,  Centur.  VII,  52.     Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 


*Aeacides  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  51.     California. 

ABLAUTATUS. 

Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377;  Ahlautus,  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  63,  1866. 
*trifariu8  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  63.     California. 


STENOPOGON. 

Loew,  Linn.  Entom.  II,  p.  453,  1847. 

*con8anguineus  Loew,  Cent.  VII,  48.    Nebraska. 
*iii(iuiiiatus  Loew,  Cent.  VII,  47.     Nebraska. 
*Lalipeiinis  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  49.     Pecos  River,  Western  Texas. 
*longulns  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  50.    Pecos  River,  Texas. 
*modestus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  46.     Red  River  of  the  North. 


179 

ochrnceus  v.  d.  Wulp,  Tijdschr.  Eut.  Ser.  3,  V,  p.  212,  Tab.  IX,  fig.  G.     North 

America, 
subulatus  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  I,  j).  375, 14  {Dasyj)o<jon);  Walker,  Liat,  etc., 

I,  p.  311  aud  VI,  p.  423  {id.).    Georgia. 


*brevluscnliis  Loexo,  Centur.  X,48.    California. 
*gratus  Loew,  Centur.  X,  31.     California. 

univittatiis  Loew,  Cent.  X,  29,  9  [Synonymy  suggested  by  Mr,  Loew  him- 
self in  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  358]. 
*obscuriventri3  Loew,  Centur.  X,  30.    California. 
*morosus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  356.     Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 


Tniqnii  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  76,  Tab.  1,  fig.  10.    Mexico. 
[M.  Bellardi  refers  this  species  to  Stenopogon  with  a  doubt.] 


SCLEROPOGON. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  45,  18G6. 

*picticornis  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  45.    California. 
*heIvoliiS  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  355.    Texas. 

SPHAGEUS. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  55,  1866. 
*chalcoproctus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  55.    Cuba. 

DICOLONUS 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  56,  1866. 
^simplex  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  56.     California. 

ARCHILESTRIS. 

Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377 ;  AreUlestes  Schiner,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ver.  1866, 

p.  672. 

niagniflcus  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  437  {Dasypogon) ;  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc., 
II,  p.  79,  Tab.  I,  fig.  11  {Microstylum).    Mexico. 


180 


DIZONIAS. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  53,  18G6. 
*l)icinctiis  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  54.    Pecos  River,  Western  Texas  ;  Dallas,  Texas. 


*plioenicurus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  53.    Tamaulipas,  Mexico. 
qaadrimaculatus  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  80,  Tab.  I,  fig.  8  {Dasypogon). 

Mexico. 
Lucasi  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  81,  Tab.  I,  fig.  7  {Dasypogon).    Mexico. 


CALLINICUS. 

^  Loew,  Centur.  X,  32,  1872. 

*calcaneus  Loew,  Centur.  X,  32.    California. 

ANISOPOGON. 

Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377  ;  Eeteropogon  Loew,  Linn.  Entom.  II,  p.  488, 1847. 

*gibbns  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  58.    Pennsylvania. 

?  macerinus  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  356  {Dasypogon).    Trenton  Falls. 
*lautus  Loew,  Centur.  X,  34.     Texas. 
*I)hoeuicxirus  Loew,  Centur.  X,  33.    Texas. 


hnmilis  Bellardi, '^&gg\o,  etc.,  II,  p.  77.     Mexico. 

CYRTOPOGON. 

Loew,  Linn.  Entom,  11,  p.  516,  1847. 

*bimacnla  Walker,  Dipt.  Saund.  p.  102,  Tab.  IV,  fig.  1  {Euarmostus  n.  gen.). 

Hudson  Bay  Territory,  White  Mountains. 
melanopleurus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  61  [Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  365, 

Note  2d]. 
*  ?  Lutatius  Walker,  List,  ptc,  II,  p.  357.    Nova  Scotia  (Walk.).  Western  New 

York. 
^dirysopogon  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  59.    Massachusetts. 

?  Falto  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  355  {Dasypogon).    Nova  Scotia. 
*marginalis  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  60 ;  compare  also  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  365, 

Note  2d.     Massachusetts,  Canada. 


*/. 


calllpcdilus  Loeic,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  358.     Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 


181 


*leucozonus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  364.  Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 
^lou^imainus  Loeto,  Berl.  Eut.  Z.  1874.  p.  360.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
*iiiOu(anus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  362.     Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 


HOLOPOtiON. 

Loew,  Linn.  Ent.  II,  p.  473,  1847. 

*guttula  Wiedemann,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  p.  228,  27  {Dasypogon) ;  Auss.  Zw.  I,  p. 
411,  74  {id.) ;  Walker.  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  355  (description  given,  the  identifi- 
cation having  appeared  doubtful),  VI,  p.  424.     United  States. 
philadelpllicns  Schiner,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Qes.  XVII,  p.  360;  compare   also 
Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  305,  note.     Philadelphia. 

*phaeoiiotus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  366.    Texas. 

*8eniculus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  62.     Nebraska. 


DAULOPOGON. 

Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377;  Lasiopogon  Loew,  Linn.  Entom.  I,  p.  508,  1847. 

*opaculns  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  367.    Illinois. 
*tetragramraus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  388.    Canada. 


*bivittatas  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  57  (compare  also  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p. 
370,  note).     California. 


PSILOCURUS. 

Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  373,  note. 
*nudiusculus  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874.  p.  370.     Texas. 

STICHOPOGON. 

Loew,  Linn.  Entom.  II,  p.  500  ;  1847. 

*arg'eiiteus  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  51,4  {Dasypiogon) ;  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw. 

I,  p.  409,  69  (id.) ;  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  354,  and  VI,  p.  425.    United 

States  (not  rare  on  sea-beaches). 

*trifasciatus  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  51,  3  {Dasypogon) ;  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI, 

p.  424.     United  States  (common). 

fasciventris  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  4e   Suppl.  p.  69,  75,  Tab.  VI,  fig.  13 

{Dasyjjogon)  [Lw.].    Mexico.    • 
Thereva  plagiata  Harris,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass.  Walker,  List,  etc.,  I,  p.  223  (descrip- 
tion given)  [I  saw  Mr.  Walker's  original  specimen  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  0.  S.]. 


182 

candidus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  1,  p.  67,  48  {Dosypogon) ;  Bellardi,  Sag- 
gio,  etc.,  II,  p.  78.     Mexico. 
gelascens  Walker,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  Ser.  V,  p.  277  [Bellardi]. 

N.  B. — Bellardi,  1.  c.  p.  79,  besides  this  synonymy,  mentions  the  opinion  of 
Bigot,  that  S.  fasciventris  Macq.  is  only  a  variety  of  S.  candidus,  while  Mr. 
Loew  considers  it  a  synonym  of  S.  trifasciatus. 


HOLCOCEPHALA. 

Jaennicke,  Neue  Exot.  Dipt.  p.  51,  1867,  proposes  this  name  instead  of  Disco- 
cepliala  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  p.  50,  1838,  which  is  preoccupied.  Loew 
adopts  this  change  in  Berl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377. 

*abdominalis  Say,  J.  Ac.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  50,  2  {Dasypogon).    Wiedemann,  Auss. 
Zw.  I,  p.  412,  75  {id.).     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  426.     United  States  (not 
rare  in  damp  situations). 
rtifiventris  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  50,  1,  Tab.  IV,  fig.  2.    Carolina, 

Brazil. 
aeta  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  362  (Dasypogon). 

laticeps  v.  d.  Wulp,  Tijdschr.  v.  Entom.  2  Ser.  II,  p.  137,  Tab.  Ill,  p.  10-16 
(Dasypogon).     [Loew,  Z.  f.  Ges.  Naturw.  Vol.  XXXVI,  p.  115]. 
*calva  Loew,  Centur.  X,  35.     Texas. 


afiinis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  86,  Tab.  I,  p.  13.     Mexico. 
deltoidea  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  85,  Tab.  I,  fig.  12.    Mexico. 
divisa   Walker,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  Ser.  V,  p.  279.     Mexico. 
interlineata  Walker,  1.  c.  p.  279.    Mexico. 

loiigipennis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  86,  Tab.  I,  fig.  14.    Mexico. 
minuta  Bellardi,  I.  c.  p.  83.    Mexico. 

nitida  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zw.  II,  p.  603.     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  503  (Dasy- 
pogon) ;  Bellardi,  1.  c.  p.  84.     Mexico. 


Division  B. — Front  tibiae  with  a  spur  on  the  tip. 

NICOCLES. 

Jaennicke,  Neue  Exot.  Dipt.  p.  47,  1867;  Pygostolus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  28; 
this  name  as  preoccupied,  is  given  up  by  Loew,  Centur.  X,  24,  Nota. 

*argentifer  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  28.    District  Columbia. 
*pictus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  30.     District  Columbia. 

Amastris  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  362  (Discocephala).    Georgia.     [Walker 
describes  a  female.] 


183 

^polltiis  Sdy,  J.  Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  52,  5  {Dasypogon);  Wiedemann,  Aubs.  Zw. 
1,  p.  405,  03.  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  421.  Pennsylvania,  Maryland 
(Say),  Massachusetts  (O.  S.). 


*nomnlator  Loew,  Centur.  X,  25.    California. 
Mivcs  Locw,  Centur.  VII,  29.     California. 


annlis  Jnennicke,  Neue  Exot.  Dipt,  p.  47,  Tab.  I,  fig.  18.     Mexico. 

BLACODES. 

LoeiD,  Bcrl.  Ent.  Z.  1874,  p.  377 ;  Blax,  Centur.  X,  24,  1872. 
*bcllus  Loeio,  Centur.  X,  24.     Texas. 

TARACTICUS. 

Loew,  Centur.  Vol.  II,  p.  240,  Nota. 

*OCtopunctatus  Say,  J.Acad.  Phil.  Ill,  p.  49  (Z>ioc<?-ia) ;  Wiedemann,  Auss. 
Zw.  I,  p.  365  {id).     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  387  {id.).     North  America. 


[The  occurrence  of  Dasypogon  teutonus  Linne,  in  North  America,  seems  to 
me  very  improbable,  although  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  4e  Suppl.  p.  04,  mentions 
it  as  received  from  Florida.  Hitherto  not  a  single  Asilida,  common  to  Europe 
and  North  America,  has  been  recorded  with  certainty.] 


DIOGMITES. 

Loew,  Centur.  VII,  30,  1806. 

*anglistil)eniiis  Locw,  Centur.  VII,  41.     Kansas;  Matamoras,  Mexico. 
*discolor  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  37.     Pennsylvania. 

? rufescens  Macquart,  Hist.  Natur.  Dipt.  I,  295,  8.     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI, 
p.  420  {Dasypogon).     Philadelphia. 

[This   synonymy  rests  on  the  assumption   that   Macquart  overlooked   the 
presence  of  the  spurs  on  the  front  tibiae.] 

*Herennius  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  339  {Dasypogon).    Cincinnati. 
*hypoinelas  Loeio,  Centur.  VII,  42.    New  Mexico. 
*misellus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  39.    District  Columbia. 
*platyptenis  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  30.     Illinois. 
*symmaclius  Loeio,  Centur.  X,  20.     Texas. 


184 

*umbrinus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  43.     New  York,  Massachusetts,  Illinois. 
fbasalis  Walker,  Dipt.  Saunders,  p.  95  {Dasypogon).     United  States. 


*annulatiis  Bigot,  R.  de  la  Sagra,  etc.,  p.  789,  Tab.  XX,  fig.  3  {Senobasis).    Cuba. 

secahilis  Walker,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  Ser.  V,  p.  276  {Dasypogon) ;  Bellardi, 
Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  63,  Tab.  I.  fig.  4  (Saropogon  f)  [Lw.].     Mexico. 

auricinctus  Scbiner,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ver.  1866,  p.  371  {Senobasis).  Suri- 
nam [Lvv.]. 

[This  species  does  not  belong  to  Senobasis  Macq.  from  which  it  differs  in 
the  structure  of  the  antennae  and  of  the  hypopygium.  It  may  be  placed 
provisionally  in  the  genus  Diogmitcs,  however,  as  a  separate  section. — Lw.]. 

ailinis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  73  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 

bicolor  Jaennicke,  Neue  Ex.  Dipt.  p.  49  {Saropogon).     Panama. 

Big'otii  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  70  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
*l)ilmeatus  Loeic,  Centur.  VII,  40.     Cuba. 

brunneus  Fabricius,  Mant.  Ins.  II,  359, 20  {Asilus) ;  Entomol.  System.  IV,  383, 
28  {id.) ;  Syst.  Antl.  p.  185,  9  {Dasyj)ogon).  Wiedemann,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  p. 
219,  9  {id.).  Auas.  Zw.  I,  p.  382  {id.).  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  I,  2,  p.  34, 4 
{id.).  Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  421 ;  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  67  {Saro- 
pogon).    Cayenne  (Fab.) ;  Mexico  (Bellardi) ;  Philadelphia  (Macq.). 

[Macquart's  synonymy  is  not  to  be  relied  on,  as  he  evidently  mixed  up 
several  species  of  Diogmites.] 

Craverii  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  68  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
Ciiantleusis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  67  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
dubius  Bellardi,  1.  c.  p.  74  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 

goniostigma  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  65,  Tab.  I,  fig.  6  {Saropogon)  Mexico. 
Jalapensis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  65,  Tab.  I,  fig.  5  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
nigripes  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  75  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
uigripeuuis  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  2e  Suppl.  34,  55,  Tab.  I,  fig.  6  {Dasypogon). 
Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  428  {id.) ;  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  75  {Sara- 
pogon).     Mexico. 
pseudojalapensis  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  App.  p.  25  {Dasypogon).    Mexico. 
rubescens  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  71  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
Sallei  Bellardi,  Saggio,  etc.,  II,  p.  70  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
*ternatus  Loew,  Centur.  VII,  38.    Cuba. 
tricolor  Bellardi,  1.  c.  p.  72  {Saropogon).    Mexico. 
[Probably  Diogmites,  but  not  certain.     Lw.] 
Tirescens  Bellardi,  1.  c.  p.  72  {Sarojwgon).    Mexico. 

*  *  * 

Duillius  Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  340  {Dasypogon).     Honduras. 

f'J'he  description  seems  to  betray  a  Diogmites,  nevertheless  certain  state- 
ments render  this  interpretation  doubtful ;  hence  the  isolated  position  given 
to  this  species. — Lw.]. 


185 

SAROPOGON. 

Loeio,  Linn.  Entom.  II,  p.  439,  1847. 

*U(lustilS  Loext,  Berl.  Eut.  Z.  1874,  p.  375.     Texas. 
*coiubn8tus  Locic,  1.  c.  p.  374.     Texas. 

LASTAURUS. 

Loew,  Bem.  iib.  d.  Fam.  d.  Asiliden,  Berlin,  1851,  p.  11. 
antliraciiius  Loetc,  Bem.  iib.  d.  Fam.  d.  Asiliden,  p.  13.     Mexico. 

[Scliiner  (Verli.  Z.  B.  Ges.  1867,  p.  373),  identifies  this  species  with  Dasypogoii 
luguhris  Macq.  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  1,  p.  64,  from  Surinam ;  wlietlier  correctly  or 
not,  the  iusuliicieucy  of  my  materials  does  not  enable  me  to  decide. — Lw.]. 


Observation. — Dasyp.  sexfasciatus  Say,  of  the  old  Catalogue,  belongs  to 
the  genus  Laphystla  (Laphrina). 

The  following  species  I  do  not  know  and  cannot  refer  them  to  the  new 
genera  formed  at  the  expense  of  Dasypogon  in  Meigen's  and  Wiedemann's 
sense. 

Dasypogon  albiceps  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  ler  Suppl.  p.  69,  51.     Walker, 
List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  426.     Texas. 

May  this  not  be  a  Laphrina  like  D.  sexfasciatus,  to  which  Macquart  com- 
pares it  ? 

tristis  Walker,  Dipt.  Saund.  p.  93.     United  States. 

The  description  reminds  one  of  Dizonias. 


californiac   Walker,  List,  etc.,  II,  p.  322.     California. 

angustus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  3e  Suppl.  p.  20,  59,  Tab.  I,  fig.  11.     Walker, 

List,  etc.,  VI,  p.  429.     San  Domingo. 
ceppllicus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Phil.  VI,  p.  158.     Mexico. 
mexicanus  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  ler  Suppl.  p.  68,  49.     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI, 

p.  428.    Mexico. 
nigritarsis  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  ler  Suppl.  p.  68, 50.     Walker,  List,  etc.,  VI. 

p.  428.     Mexico. 
parvus  Bigot,  R.  d.  la  Sagra,  etc.,  p.  789,  Tab.  20,  fig.  2.     Cuba. 


BUL.    BUF.    SOC.   NAT.    SCI.  (2-1)  OCTOBER,    1874. 


186 


APPENDIX. 

Mydas  audax  n.  sp. 

6  . — Black,  second  abdominal  segment  red  07i  the  dorsal  as  ivell  as 
on  the  ventral  side;  head,  thorax  and  first  abdominal  segment  with 
whitish  hairs.     Length,  23  mm.     Wing,  18  mm. 

Very  like  3L  clavatus  in  its  coloring,  but  easily  distinguislied  by  its  smaller 
size,  comparatively  broader  head,  more  cylindrical  sliape  of  the  abdomen,  by 
the  red  color  of  the  second  segment,  which  does  not  encroach  anteriorly,  on 
both  sides,  upon  the  first  segment  (as  it  does  in  M.  clavatus),  which  exists  on 
the  ventral  as  well  as  on  the  dorsal  side  of  the  segment,  and  which  is  not 
interrupted  on  the  dorsal  side  by  a  more  or  less  distinct  black  spot ;  finally, 
by  the  whitish  pubescence  on  the  head,  the  thorax  and  the  first  abdominal 
segment.  Head  black,  broader  than  the  thorax,  clothed  with  soft,  white  hairs, 
mixed  with  black  ones ;  the  white  hair  is  especially  apparent  on  the  vertex 
and  the  sides  of  the  front,  also  as  a  small  tuft  on  each  side  under  the  antennae, 
near  the  orbit  of  the  eye,  and  as  a  border  round  the  clypeus.  Thorax  black, 
opaque ;  the  dorsum  clothed  with  white  hairs,  forming  four  longitudinal  bands, 
especially  visible  from  a  side  view.  First  segment  of  the  abdomen  black, 
opaque,  clothed  with  long,  soft,  erect  white  hair,  which  reaches  down  to  the 
hind  coxae ;  second  segment  shining,  yellowish  red,  the  remainder  of  the  abdo- 
men black,  moderately  shining.  Venter  black,  except  the  second  segment, 
which  is  yellowish  red.  Halteres  and  feet  black,  pulvilli  brownish  (of  a  darker 
color  than  in  M.  clavatus).  Wings  strongly  tinged  with  brown,  and  with  a 
slight  purplish  reflection.    Venation  like  that  of  M.  clavatus. 

Belongs  to  Gerstaecker's  first  tribe,  that  is  it  has  spurs  at  the  tip  of  the 
tibiae  and  the  small  cross-vein  on  the  posterior  border  of  the  wing. 

A  single  male  discovered  in  the  environs  of  i\lummoth  Cuve  in 
Kentncky,  by  Mr.  F.  G.  Sanborn,  in  June,  1874. 


Mydas  carbonifer  n.  sp. 

?  . — Altogether  black,  thorax  opaque,  abdomen   shining,  wings 
brown.     Length,  22  mm.      Wing,  18  mm.    , 

Black,  front  and  epistoma  shining,  beset  with  black  hair;  antennae  black, 
the  expanded  portion  of  the  third  joint  brownish,  and  beset  with  a  fine  grayish 
pollen.  Thorax  opaque  above,  showing  two  velvety  black  longitudinal  lines. 
Abdomen  black,  shining,  except  the  first  joint,  which  is  opaque.  Feet  black; 
ungues  reddish,  with  black  tips ;  hind  tibiae  beset  with  strong  spines,  except 
toward  their  base  ;  terminal  spur  strong.     Halteres  black  ;  wings'  dark  brown. 


187 

with  a  violet  roHoction ;  tlu'  brown  somewhat  fainter  in  the  center  of  several 
cells,  and  along  the  posterior  margin.  Small  cross-vein  on  postfrior  margin 
present. 

Habitat,  Norton's  Landing,  Cayuga  Lake,  N.  Y.  A  single  female 
taken  in  July  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Comstock.  This  s]»ccies  seems  not  un- 
like M.  crassipes  Westw.  in  coloring,  but  is  much  smaller,  has  much 
darker  wings,  an  opaque  (and  not  shining)  thorax,  etc.  (I  never 
saw  Westwood's  species.) 


Mydas  chrysostomus  n.  sp. 

5  . — Black,  face  with  a  tuft  of  golden  hair,  abdominal  segments 
2,  3,  4  with  red  margins  posteriorly,  legs  black,  wings  tinged  with 
brown.     Length,  25-30  mm.     Wing,  21  mm. 

Black ;  the  incrassated  portion  of  third  antennal  joint  dull  reddish,  except 
the  tip,  which  is  blackish.  Face  with  a  tuft  of  golden  yellow  hair.  Thorax 
of  a  smoky  black,  opaque  above.  Abdomen  black,  shining,  except  the  first 
segment,  which  ia  opaque ;  a  narrow  band  on  the  posterior  margins  of  the 
2d,  3d  and  4th  segments  rufous,  edged  with  yellow  along  the  margin  ;  on  the 
4th  segment  this  band  is  much  narrower  and  somewhat  indistinct  in  the 
middle.  Feet  black ;  hind  tibiae  with  a  strong  spur ;  hind  femora  with  two 
rows  of  short, but  strong  spines  on  the  underside;  ungues  dull  reddish,  tipped 
with  black.  Halteres  black.  Wings  strongly  tinged  with  brown,  although 
less  so  than  in  M.  clavatus.     Small  cross-vein  on  posterior  margin  present. 

Habitat,  Dallas,  Northern  Texas.  A  single  male  collected  by  Mr. 
Boll.  This  species  seems  to  have  many  characters  in  common  with 
M.  fulvifrons  Illig.  but  it  differs  in  the  coloring  of  the  abdomen. 


Ib8 


XIII.    Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Calocampa 

BY    J.    A.   LINTNER, 
[Read  before  this  Society,  Oct.  16,  1874.] 

Calocampa  impera,  n.  sp. 

Palpi  brown,  fuscous  beneath.  Collar  sinuated,  pale  ocliraceous,  traversed  ■ 
by  a  whitish  line,  and  separated  from  the  dark  brown  thorax  by  a  fuscous 
stripe.  Abdomen  flattened,  pale  brown,  with  a  tuft  on  first  segment,  of  a 
darker  brown  than  the  thorax.  Anterior  wings  whitish  on  the  disc,  tinged 
with  brown ;  costal  margin  dark  brown ;  internal  margin  and  nervular  inter- 
spaces lined  with  reddish  (vandyke)  brown,  the  latter  cut  by  the  dentated  pale 
marginal  band.  Anterior  transverse  band  whitish,  obsolete  above,  but  well 
marked  below  the  median  nervure  in  two  acute  dentations,  the  upper  one  of 
which  bisects  a  blackish  basilar  line  in  cell  lb  reaching  to  below  the  reni- 
form,  and  is  bordered  below  by  a  similar  line  not  extending  quite  so  far  out- 
wardly ;  on  the  internal  margin  at  the  base,  two  short  fuscous  lines  ;  a  dis- 
tinct fuscous  line  running  from  the  reniform  to  the  subterminal,  between 
veins  4  and  5.  Posterior  transverse  band  indicated  only  by  a  black  dot  on 
each  vein.  Reniform  large,  oblong,  constricted  centrally,  black  bordered,  sub- 
obsolete  superiorly,  with  an  inner  ring  of  similar  form,  broadly  bordered 
before,  behind  and  beneath  with  brown,  resembling  that  of  vetusta.  Orbic- 
ular inconspicuous,  pyriform,  outlined  by  a  few  blackish  scales,  and  includ- 
ing a  central  spot  of  blackish  scales.  Nervules  marked  with  brown  scales. 
Posterior  wings  brownish-gray  somewhat  paler  basally,  with  brown  marginal 
scales  between  the  veins,  more  prominent  towards  the  apex.  Beneath,  thorax 
of  a  lighter  brown  than  above ;  abdomen  with  blackish  hairs ;  discal  spot  of 
posterior  wings  large,  conspicuous,  bisected  by  the  pale,  cross-vein,  as  iu 
vetusta;  the  median  band  more  dentate  than  in  vetusta  and  about  equal  to 
exoleta. 

Expanse,  2.50  inches.  2  5  s,  1  ?  .  Hahitat,  Albany  and  Schoharie, 
N.  Y.,  April  20th  and  June  1st. 

This  species  has,  very  strangely,  been  confounded  with  the  ve- 
tusta of  Europe,  to  which  it  bears  very  little  resemblance.  It 
differs  markedly  from  tliat  species  in  the  presence  of  its  conspicu- 


189 

ous  husilur  niys,  in  tlii'  luiigur  uiul  licttrr  delined  line  in  cell  i,  uiid 
in  the  ubsencc  of  the  rorrnginous  sliade  over  the  interno-lnisihir 
portion  of  the  wing.  It  is  larger  than  vetusta,  given  by  Gnenee  at 
5G  ni.m.  expanse,  but- in  an  example  before  me,  from  the  collection 
of  Mr.  0.  Meske,  measuring  only  1.90  in.  (47  m.  ni.).  A  $  and  9 
example  of  the  European  exoleta,  also  of  the  collection  of  Mr. 
Meske,  measure  respectively  2.50  in.  and  2  in., — the  ?  being  ab- 
normally small. 

Cal.  nupera  is  represented  in  fig.  15  of  a  photographic  plate  of 
"Noctuidae,  No.  2.  Collection  of  J.  A.  Lintner,"  which  has  been 
distributed  to  a  limited  extent.  It  is  also  figured  in  No  24  of  plate 
82  of  Glover's  Lepidoptera,  representing  examples  from  the  "  col- 
lection of  W.  Saunders,  London,  0.  W.,"  as  vetusta  (Glover  MS.). 
It  is  inferentially  the  species  recorded  in  the  Grote  List,  p.  27,  as 
vetusta  of  Europe  and  America,  and  the  one  cited  by  the  same  au- 
thor in  the  Sixth  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Inst.,  p.  22.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
sumed to  be  i\\Q  vetusta  of  the  Morris  Catalogue,  published  in  18G0, 
the  source,  perhaps,  of  the  subsequent  erroneous  determinations. 


190 


XIV.    On  the  Species  of  Calocampa 

BY    H.  K.  MORRISON,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 
[Read  before  Ms  Society,  Oct.  16, 1874.] 

Recently,  in  comparing  onr  species  of  this  genus  with  their 
European  analogues,  we  were  surprised  to  find  that  the  form  which 
authors  had  considered  identical  with  the  European  vetusta  was,  in 
fact,  quite  different  from  it.  More  extended  collections,  and  ex- 
amination of  material,  also  brought  to  light  another  intermediate 
American  species,  between  vetusta  and  exoleta,  and  which  can  stand 
as  our  representative  of  the  latter.  Specimens  of  soUdaginis  from 
both  countries  were  likewise  compared,  and  differences  were  found, 
apparently  sufficient  to  authorize  a  specific  separation. 

It  will  perhaps  seem  to  many,  that  the  cause  of  the  constant 
diminution,  one  by  one,  of  the  species  which  have  been  thought 
common  to  the  two  continents,  is  to  be  found  rather  in  the  desire 
of  the  specialist  to  father  new  names  than  in  the  discovery  of  suf- 
ficient and  constant  differentiating  characters.  But  in  most  of  the 
recent  separations,  as  Acronycta  occidentalis  from  psi,  Cucullia 
intermedia  from  umhratica,  and  Mamestra  atlantica  from  W- 
latinum,  the  differing  characters  are  so  invariable  that  if  the  species 
lived  side  by  side  they  would  be  considered  distinct.  This  is  the 
only  true  test;  and  in  this  paper  the  author  has  endeavored  to 
apply  it. 

CALOCAMPA,  Steph. 
Yetusta  Ilubner.    Bab.,  Europe. 

Nnpera  Lintner* 

This  species  fills  with  us  the  place  of  vetusta,  and  closely  resem- 
bles it,     A  comparative  description  is  therefore  only  necessary : 

*  Since  this  paper  was  wntten  I  liave  learned  that  Mr.  J.  A.  Lintner  h:is  come  to  the  same 
conclusion  in  respect  to  Cal.  vetusta  and  its  American  analogue  as  myself.  I  am  indebted  to 
Mr.  Grote  for  the  opportunity  of  examiinng  one  of  Mr.  LintnerV  typical  specimens. 


191 

Anterior  wings  colored  as  in  vetnsta,  except  that  the  cinereous  coHial  basal 
shade  is  clearly  defined  below  and  not  mixed  with  brown  ;  it  is  also  confined 
to  the  space  before  the  reniform,  and  does  not  extend  beyond  it,  as  in  vetusia. 
At  the  base,  beneath  the  median  nervure,  there  is  a  thick,  slightly  curved, 
deep  black  longitudinal  dash,  tapered  at  each  end.  Beyond,  and  limiting  the 
basal  cinereous  shade,  are  two  similar  clear  black  dashes,  the  lowest  nearest  to 
the  base,  and  bearing  above  it  a  clear  cinereous  spot  connected  with  the  basal 
shade.  The  upper  dash  commences  above  the  middle  and  extends  beyond  the 
lower.  Both  are  bifurcate  outwardly.  Beneath  these  dashes  the  shade  along 
the  inner  margin,  which  in  vctusUi  is  generally  overspread  with  dark  brown  or 
blackish,  is  in  nupera  bright  red.  The  reniform,  and  the  black  dash  following 
it,  present  as  in  vetusta.  Beneath  the  costa  and  the  terminal  space  of  the 
anteriors  are  red,  and  the  posterior  wings  are  suffused  with  the  same  color,  in 
this  differing  from  the  pale,  more  ochery,  colors  of  vetusta. 

Hah.,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  other  localities  in  the  Eastern  and 
Middle  States.     Found  in  the  autumn  and  early  spring. 


Ciirvimacula  {nov.  sp.). 

Expanse,  50  m.  m.    Length  of  body,  20  m.  m. 

Collar  cut  out  and  produced  in  front;  yellowish,  with  a  faint  reddish  ter- 
minal line.  Thorax  uniform  light  red  ;  the  abdomen  also  reddish,  conical. 
Anterior  wings  with  a  distinct  black  basal  dash  limiting  below  the  usual 
costal  cinereous  shade,  which  extends  to  the  orbicular,  and  contains  an  elon- 
gated annulate  brown  spot,  followed  by  a  short  dash  and  crescent  of  the  same 
color.  Below  the  basal  dash  a  broad  dull  greenish  brown  shade  extends  over 
the  whole  inferior  portion  of  the  wings  to  the  subterminal  line.  The  sub- 
median  nervure  blackish  and  beneath  it  a  short  black  line.  The  orbicular 
spot  is  small,  closely  approaching  the  reniform.  Between  the  two  spots  the 
median  shade,  which  is  no  where  else  apparent,  shows  itself  as  a  short  black 
line.  The  former  spot  is  blue  black,  with  a  double  black  annulus,  which  is 
open  above.  The  reniform  is  rounded,  inwardly  defined,  but  otherwise  con- 
sisting only  of  two  subtriangular  reddish  spots,  united  at  their  bases.  The 
upper  spot  is  the  darker  of  the  two.  In  the  median  space  the  costa  is  shaded 
with  black  and  brown.  Beyond  the  spots  a  clear  yellow  shade  extends  to  the 
exterior  margin  and  along,  obliterating  all  markings.  The  terminal  space  is 
also  yellowish,  mingled  with  brown.  The  subterminal  line  is  preceded  by 
dark  shades,  which  contrast  with  both  terminal  and  subterminal  spaces. 
These  shades  become  less  distinct  as  they  near  the  inner  margin,  and  cul- 
minate above  in  a  black  dash,  bordering  the  yellow  shade.  Posterior  wings 
uniform,  fuscous,  with  the  line  and  discal  dot  very  faint.  Fringes  light. 
Beneath  as  in  nupera,  but  the  fringe  is  white  instead  of  dark. 


Ilab.,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  April  15  to  May  2. 


192 

The  peculiar  shape  of  the  reniform  and  the  conical  abdomen,  as 
well  as  its  smaller  size,  will  at  once  distinguish  this  species  from  the 
three  allied  to  it. 

Exoleta  Linn.    Uah.,  Europe. 
Kilta  Ev.    Ildb.,  Russia. 
Solirtaginis  H.     Hab.,  Europe. 

Crermana  {)wv.  s]).). 

Habitus  and  markings  of  soHdaginis,  hat  differing  in  the  following  respects  : 
Base  of  the  antennae  concolorous  instead  of  white.  Legs,  breast  and  collar 
colored  with  brown.  Costa  on  the  median  and  subterminal  spaces  distinctly 
tinged  with  brown.  The  orbicular  spot  geminate,  consisting  of  two  equal, 
concolorous  white  wings.  The  reniform  very  distinct,  rounded,  outwardly 
excavated  with  a  central  white  curved  spot,  surrounded  by  a  dark  shade — 
the  whole  enclosed  within  a  clear  fine  white  annulus.  The  median  lines  are 
nearly  obsolete.  The  exterior  line  only  evident  opposite  to  the  reniform  ; 
there  it  forms  long,  acute  teeth  on  the  nervules.  The  median  shade  consolid- 
ated into  one  broad,  black,  even,  outwardly  curved  band,  and  not  diffused 
throughout  the  median  space  as  in  solidaginis.  Subterminal  line  and  the  two 
preceding  dashes  as  in  the  allied  species.  Posterior  wings  uniform,  dark 
fuscous,  without  median  line  ;  beneath  whitish,  also  without  line,  but  with  a 
strong  discal  dot. 

Had.,  Adirondack  Mountains.  (Mr.  Bowditch.)  The  strongest 
distinctive  characters  of  our  form  are  found  in  the  shape  of  the 
reniform,  and  in  the  different  shape  and  importance  of  the  median 
lines. 


193 


XV.    On  allied  Species  of  Noctuidae  inhabiting  Europe 

and  North  America 

BY    AUG.    R.    GROTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society/,  October  21, 1874.] 

On  page  22  of  the  Anniuil  lieport  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Pea- 
hocly  Academy  of  Science  for  the  year  1873,  I  presented  in  a  tabu- 
lar form  the  species  of  Noctuidae  regarded  as  common  to  Europe 
and  North  America,  as  well  as  those  species  nearly  related,  but 
Avhich  could  be  separated  by  character  warranting  distinctional  des- 
ignation. Subsequent  investigations  have  added  to  and  corrected 
the  tables  then  prepared,  and  I  here  offer  the  results  of  late  scien- 
tific enquiry  on  the  subject. 

1.     Species  believed  to  be  common  to  Europe  and  North  America, 
exclusive  of  Labrador  or  circumpolar  forms. 


Europe. 

Agrotis  baja  (*S'.  V.). 
c-nigrum  {Limi.). 
plecta  {Linn.). 
fennica  {Tauscli.). 

conflua  {Treits.). 

rubi  (Vieioig). 
saucia  Hubn. 
segetum  (aS'.  F.). 
suffusa  (*S'.  v.). 
Eurois  occulta  Huhn. 
herbida  [S.  Y.). 

Mamestra  grandis  (Boisd.). 

BITI,.    lU'F.    SOC.    NAT.    Sn. 


America. 


id. 
id. 
id. 
id. 
id. 


id. 


Grote,  List  n.  a.  Noct.  p.  \). 

Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  328. 

Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  326. 

Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  270. 

Grote,  Cth  Ann.  Eep.  Peab. 
Ac.  Sci.,  p.  29. 

Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 
Agrotis  inennis  Harris. 
Agrotis  texanus  Grote. 
Agrotis  telifera  Harris, 
id.     Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  13. 
id.     Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.    5. 

This  appears  to  be  an  Ameri- 
can species  extending  to  North- 
ern Europe. 

(25)  optohkr,  1874. 


194 


Europe. 

Hadena  arctica  Boisd. 
rurea  {Fahr.). 

Dipterygia  pinastri  {Linn.). 

Euplexia  lucipara  {Linn.). 
Heliophila  pallens  {Litm.). 
Pyrophila  tragopoginis  {Linn.). 
Taeniocampa  incerta  {Hufn.). 

Xanthia  gilvago  {S.  V.). 

Scoliopteryx  libatrix  {Linn.). 

Plusia  bractea  {S.  V.). 

gamma  {Linn.). 

iii  {Huln.). 
*Hochenwartlii  {Hock.). 

devergens  {Huhn.). 
Anarta  melanopa  {Tliun.). 
Anarta  myrtilli  {L). 
Anarta  cordigera  {Thun.). 
lieliotliis  armigera  {Huhn.). 
Euclidia  cnspidea  {Huin.). 


America. 

Hadena  amptUatrlx  Fitch. 

id.     WaJlc,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  171. 

id.     Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil., 

1,  p.  218. 
id.     Guen.,  Noct.  2,  p.  68. 
id.     Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  93. 
Agrotis  repressics  Grote. 
Taeniocampa  alia  Guen. 
id.     Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil. 


3,  p.  95. 


id. 


id. 
id. 


Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  p. 
1011. 

Grote,  List  Noct.  n.  a.  p.  30. 

Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  p.  16. 
Plusia  brassicae  Rilev. 
id.     Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.,  4  S.  370. 
id.     Mosch.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit. 
Anarta  ntgrolunata  Pack. 
Anarta  acadiensis  Bethune. 
Anarta  luteola  G  &  R. 
Heliothis  timbrosus  Grote. 
id.     Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  292. 


The  following  species  alluded  to  in  the  List  of  the  Noctuidae  of 
North  America,  1874,  as  common  to  the  two  continents  need  verifi- 
cation by  comparison :  Agrotis  augur,  Agrotis  lycarum,  Mamestra 
brassicae,  Mamestra  clienopodii,  Naenia  typica,  Agrotis  exclama- 
tionis,  Nonagria  typhae.  Of  these  species  I  have  American  speci- 
mens of  only  the  first  four,  and  their  identification  may  be  errone- 
ous. Of  the  others  I  have  seen  no  American  specimens  that  could 
be  considered  to  belong  to  the  species. 


*I  have  recently  received  this  species  from  A lasiia  through  the  Iciiulness  of  Mr.  Behrens, 
under  the  number  46.  This  is  a  different  species  from  P.  iguea  Orote  (=  n\l).to\a.\yalk.?)  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Mead  in  Colorado  Territory. 


195 


Tlie  follow  ing  are  closely  allied  forms  which  can  he  separated  hy 
appreciable  differences,  and  are  therefore  entitled  to  a  distinct 
name.  They  appear  to  le  the  so-called  " analogues"  of  one  an- 
other in  the  tiuo  continents,  luhile  there  is  a  difference  in  degree  of 
approximation  between  them. 


Europe.  ' 

Acronycta  psi  ( Linn.). 
Acroiiycta  alni  {Linn.). 
Agrotis  triangulum  (Ilicfn.). 
Mamestra  W-latinum  {Hufn.). 
Ilyppa  rcctilinea  (Esper). 
Pyropliila  pyramidea  (L.). 
Calymnia  trapezina  (L.). 
Calocampa  vetusta  {H'ubu.). 
Lithomia  solidaginis  H'ubn. 
Litliophaue  socia  (Ilifn.). 
Plusia  festucae  (L.). 
Catocala  Elocata  (L.). 


America. 

Acronycta  occidentalis  G.  tt-  E. 
Acronycta  funeral  is  G.  cC  E. 
Agrotis  Normanianus  Grote. 
Mamestra  atlantica  Grote. 
Hyppa  xylinoides  Gtceti. 
Pyropliila  pyramidoides  ( Guen.) . 
Calymnia  orina  {Guen.). 
Calocampa  nupera  Lintn. 
Lithomia  germana  {Morr.). 
Lithophane  petnlca  Grote. 
Plusia  contexta  Grote. 
Catocala  Walshii  Edio. 


To  this  list  might  be  added  Cucullia  intermedia  Speyer,  on  ac- 
count of  the  probability  that  it  is  the  species  regarded  as  ww- 
bratica  by  Guenee.  But  a  close  study  of  the  specific  character  in 
the  genus  shows  that  the  resemblance  is  not  close,  and  perhaps,  as 
in  the  case  of  Catocala  fraxini,  Guenee  may  have  had  a  specimen 
before  him  with  an  erroneous  habitat.  ]\Ir.  Eiley's  statement  that 
X.  cinerea  Eiley  is  the  "analogue"  of  the  European  conformis 
seems  to  me  quite  incorrect,  and  the  species  are  not  included  in  the 
foregoing  table. 

I  have  received,  however,  from  Mr.  Poland  Thaxter,  Newtonvillc, 
Mass.,  a  specimen  of  an  undescribcd  American  Lithophane  which 
quite  nearly  resembles  the  European  conformis,  Avitli  which  I  have 
been  able  to  compare  it,  while  differing  in  the  details  of  the  orna- 
mentation of  the  primaries.  I  dedicate  the  species  to  its  discov- 
erer who  has  requested  me  to  describe  it. 


196 

Lithopliaiie  Thaxteri  n.  s. 

$  . — Of  a  delicate  lilac  gray,  the  reniform  shaded  with  ruddy.  The  costa  at 
base,  above  the  distinct  basal  dash,  somewhat  Avhitish.  The  transverse  lines  are 
tolerably  distinct.  The  t.  a.  line  is  well  removed  outwardly,  pale  with  a  nar- 
row external  black  edging,  waved,  distinctly  notched  on  vein  1,  its  upper  por- 
tion fused  with  the  edging  of  the  large  orbicular.  In  its  course  the  line  is 
more  outwardly  oblique  than  in  confm'mis,  and  further  removed  from  the 
base  of  the  wing.  There  is  no  claviform  spot  (evident  in  conformis),  the  black 
submedian  dash  running  from  the  t.  a.  line  itself  across  the  median  space  to 
the  t.  p.  line.  The  posterior  half  of  the  median  space  is  darker  than  the  ba- 
sal portion  limited  by  the  median  shade,  much  as  in  conformis.  The  reniform 
is  smaller  than  in  covformis,  differently  shaped,  being  excavated  inwardly  as 
well  as  outwardly,  distinctly  black  edged  inferiorly.  The  t.  p.  line  is  more 
distinct  than  in  conformis,  indicated  by  pale  denticulations,  of  which  one  is 
quite  noticeable  where  the  line  receives  the  submedian  dash.  The  subter- 
minal  line  is  shaded  with  blackish  outwardly,  quite  distinct  and  with  a  deter- 
minate inflection  opposite  the  cell,  not  nearly  so  apparent  in  conformis.  An 
oblique  blackish  shade  above  the  internal  angle  below  which  the  wing  is 
whitish.  The  s.  t.  line  in  conformis  is  brown  and  more  or  less  dotted,  not 
shaded  so  distinctly  with  whitish  anteriorly,  our  species  approaching  Zinckenii 
in  the  contrast  of  shading.  Hind  wings  fuscous  with  pale  fringes.  Beneath 
rosy  fuscous  with  obliterate  faded  traces  of  the  usual  markings.  Thorax  like 
the  fore  wings,  dark  at  the  sides.  Abdomen  carinated,  with  very  minute  dor- 
sal tuftings,  fuscous,  rosy  at  the  sides. 

Ex23anse,  40  m.  m.     May  10th,  1874. 

Our  species  seems  in  a  measure  intermediate  between  conformis 
and  Zinchenii.  I  cannot  consider  it  the  American  representative 
of  either  species,  since  it  differs  quite  markedly  on  close  examina- 
tion, while  on  the  whole,  perhaps,  nearer  to  conformis.  Thaxteri 
resembles  Zinchenii  in  the  sharpness  of  the  lines,  the  tone  is,  how- 
ever, less  cold  and  the  suffusion  of  the  reniform  reminds  us  of 
cojiformis.  The  dorsal  abdominal  tufts  are  very  inconspicuous,  but 
I  think  are  present;  it  would  thus  agree  with  conformis,  which 
Lederer  places  in  his  first  group.  In  my  arrangement  it  would  fell 
into  the  subgenus  Graptolitlia,  my  first  group  including  only  socia 
and  semibrunnea  among  the  European  species.* 

Dicopis  Thaxterianus  n.  s. 

^  . — The  tibial  claw  is  present,  and  the  testaceous  antennae  are  bipectinate, 
somewhat  less  heavily  so  than  in  D.  muralis.     The  colors  are  mainly  tliose  of 


*  I  have  received  also  from  Mr.  Thaxter  a  new  Dicojns  from  the  same  locality,  which  I  hero 
describe. 


197 

I).  muralU,  but  the  fore  wings  are  more  uuifornily  fuscous  to  the  subtermi- 
luil  line,  and  then  the  terminal  space  contrasts  by  its  frosty,  grayish  white. 
Fringes  distinctly  checquered,  fuscous  and  white,  with  the  terminal  line  nearly 
obsolete,  not  resolved  into  black  dots  as  in  D.  vmralis.  Ordinary  spots,  ill 
defined,  whitish,  the  reniform  inwardly  sharply  margined  with  black,  smaller 
than  in  1).  miiralis  ;  orbicular  rounded,  black  edged.  Claviform  quite  small, 
concolorous,  black  edged,  removed  from  the  orbicular,  h^nce  very  different 
from  that  of  I),  muralis.  A  fine  basal  black  ray.  No  black  streak  above  inter 
nal  angle,  and  no  black  shading  across  the  median  space  opposite  the  claviform. 
The  median  lines  are  distinctly  marked  with  black,  in  general  shape  resem- 
bling those  of  D.  muralis,  but  difiering  in  slight  details.  The  primaries  are 
more  pointed  than  in  D.  muralis,  narrower  and  with  the  exterior  margin 
more  oblique,  straigliter  and  a  little  depressed  before  internal  angle.  Hind 
wings  smaller,  pale,  fuscous  with  traces  of  a  double  line  on  the  veins,  and 
with  the  faint  terminal  line  not  broken  into  points.  Beneath  much  as  in  D. 
muralis  ;  on  the  hind  wings  the  discal  mark  is  larger  and  tends  to  fuse  with 
the  median  line,  the  latter  exserted  at  this  place  so  that  a  fuscous  0  may  be 
more  or  less  completely  outlined  by  the  Hue  and  tlie  discal  lunate  mark.  Tho- 
rax hoary  gray,  the  tegulae  black  lined. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.     Taken  April  8th,  1874. 

3.     Tlie  followinrj  species  need  comparison;  they  have  been  distin- 
guished by  name,  but  are,  ^jerhaps,  undistinguishable  by  character. 


EUKOPE. 

Heliothis  dipsacea  (Z.). 
Scopelosoma  satellitia  (Z.). 


America. 

Heliothis  phlogophagus  G.  S  R. 
Scopelosoma  sidus  Guen. 


For  a  specimen  of  the  European  Lithophane  socia  {Iltifn.),  I  am 
indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Lintner,  and  I  have  received  my 
type  of  Xylophasia  vulgaris  G.  &  R.,  from  Philadelphia,  and  have 
a  second  specimen  from  New  York  in  the  collection.  A  compari- 
son shows  me  that  I  have  been  totally  wrong  in  considering  them 
synonymous.  They  are  not  even  congeneric,  and  the  entire  refer- 
ence in  the  List,  p.  26,  lines  22-24  must  be  struck  out.  X.  vulgaris 
has  a  conical,  tufted  abdomen,  and  the  shape  of  the  broader  wings 
is  as  in  Iladena,  rounded  to  the  apices.  The  species  is  allied  to  H. 
cariosa  {Guen.),  and  must  be  interpolated  on  page  15  of  the  "List" 
after  that  species  as  follows: 


198 

Yulgaris  {O.  &  R),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  G,  p.  18  {XylopJiasia),  PI.  3,  fig.  2  ; 
Grote  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  1,  p.  110  (Hadena). 

From  the  specimen  of  socia  it  seems  to  me  probable  that  L.  pe- 
tulca  Grote,  may  have  been  described  as  an  American  variety  by 
Gnenee ;  I  rely  on  the  contiguity  of  the  median  lines  on  the  sub- 
median  fold  in  our  species  to  separate  them  specifically.  Both  spe- 
cies seem  to  be  variable  to  a  great  extent  in  color  and  distinctness 
of  ornamentation;  it  would,  however,  be  incorrect  with  our  present 
knowledge  to  draw  further  absolute  comparisons,  while  I  regard  the 
character  above  given  a  very  strong  one.  My  single  specimen  of 
socia  has  a  slightly  deeper  shading  over  the  submedian  portion  of 
the  fore  wings  something  like  that  in  ferrealis  and  signosa,  and  en- 
tirely unlike  any  specimens  of  petulca  that  I  have  yet  seen  in  this 
respect. 

Note. — As  Messrs.  Lintner  and  Morrison  have  recently  shown 
before  this  Society,  that  the  American  species  of  Calocampa  are  dis- 
tinct from  the  European,  and  as  the  determinations  of  Mr.' Walker 
were  accepted  to  the  contrary  in  the  "  List,"  this  latter  must  be 
corrected,  and  for  the  species  cited  on  page  27  the  following  genera 
and  species  substituted : 

*  CALOCAMPA  Stephens  (1829). 

Type  :  Axylia  vetusta  Hiibner. 

nnpera  Lintii.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  S.,  2,  p.  188  ;  Morrison,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  S.,  2, 

p.  190. 
curvimacnla  Morr.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  2,  p.  191. 
Canada:  Eastern  and  Middle  States. 

*  LITHOMIA  Hiibner  (1810). 

Type  :  Lithomia  solidaginis  Hiibner. 

germaiia  {Morr.),  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  2  (Calocampa),  p.  192, 
New  York. 

I  have  received,  since  I  prepared  the  ''  List  of  Nortli  American 
Noctuidae  "  for  the  press.  Professor  Zeller's  second  Paper  on  North 
American  Moths.  In  tliis  two  species  of  Noctuidae  are  described 
and  figured.     They  appear  to  me   to  necessitate  two  synonymical 


199 

references.     The  first  must  bo  .ulded  to  ErOtyla  apicelhi,  on  jiaj^e 
37,  line  24  of  the  List  as  follows: 

Agrophila  truncatula  Zell.,  Verb.  z.-b.  Gcsl-IL,  1873,  S.  3,  T.  3,  fig.  1. 

The  second  to  Metoponia  obtnsa,  on  page  37,  line  35  of  the  List, 
as  follows : 

Met&ponia  obtusula  Zell.,  Vbrli.  z.-b.  Gesell.,  1873,  S.  4,  T.  3,  fig.  2. 

I  have  received  the  Transactions  of  the  New  York  Agricultural 
Society  for  18G7,  in  which  Dr.  Fitch  gives  an  account  of  the  imma- 
ture stages  of  Rhodophora  florida  Guenec,  on  pp.  900-904.  Dr. 
Fitch  also  describes  as  new  Alaria  volupia  from  "the  Indian  Terri- 
tory west  of  Arkansas,"  on  page  907.  I  have  distinguished  the  two 
genera  in  my  List  on  the  peculiarity  of  the  armature  of  the  fore 
tibiae  of  Jlorida  mentioned  by  Guenee,  p.  171,  Noct.  2,  as  also  on 
the  different  cut  of  tli^  wings.  In  the  absence  of  any  structural 
details  it  is  impossible  to  refer  Dr.  Fitch's  vohqna  Avith  certainty, 
but,  while  I  express  the  opinion  with  diflfidence,  not  having  seen  Dr. 
Fitch's  type,  I  believe  that  Dr.  Fitch  may  have  described  Oria  san- 
guinea  Geyer  under  the  new  name. 

In  Wood's  Index  Entomologicus  Ophiusa  crassiuscula,  PI.  17,  fig. 
436,  very  probably  represents  Drasteria  erechtea  $ ,  and  should  be 
added  to  the  synonymy  of  that  species  in  the  "  List,"  p.  38.  It 
seems  also  that  Erasiria  apicosa,  PI.  17,  fig.  454  is  the  same  as  Eu- 
strotia  nigritula  {G^ienee).  of  my  "List."  The  former  name  is  the 
oldest,  so  that  the  species  will  have  to  stand  : 

apicosa  {Haw.)  {Phytometra) ;  Steph.,  Haust.  3,  p.  119  (Erastria) ;  Wood  In, 
Ent.,  74,  PI.  17,  fig.  464;  Erastna  nigritula  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  p.  229,  PI. 
10,  fig  7 ;  Miana  undulifera  Walk.,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.  p.  258.* 


In  an  endeavor  to  account  for  tlie  relations  between  the  existing 
European  and  American  Noctuidous  faunae  we  shall  have  to  con- 
sider first  the  species  that  may  have  been  artificially  introduced  by 
commerce.  I  think  that  Heliothis  annigera  may  have  to  be  included 
under  this  head;  it  seems  to  be  rather  a  southern  and  eastern  Euro- 

*  This  article,  to  Uiis  point,  w:is  printed  luid  issued  October  21st,  1S74,  in  a  separate  foiui, 
pp  1-7— .1.  It.  Grote. 


200 

pean  si)ecies.  For  the  origin  of  other  species  we  shall  have  to  go 
backwards  to  the  Plistocene  and  consider  the  identical  species  as 
belonging  to  a  former  Arctogaeal  fanna.  The  action  of  the  steady 
increase  of  cold  which  characterized  the  gradual  inauguration  of 
the  Ice  Period  would  have  been  to  drive  the  insects  southward  and 
mix  the  Arctogaeal  with  the  then  existing  "indigenous"  southern 
species.  The  summers  of  the  middle  Glacial  Epoch  probably  af- 
forded no  opportunity  for  the  existence  of  Noctuidae  throughout 
the  Northern  States.  On  the  decline  of  the  Glacial  Epoch  and  with 
a  steady  increase  of  warmth  (still  continuing)  the  species  would  pro- 
gress northward  again.  We  may  regard  such  a  species  as  Fidonia 
Umitaria  G.  &  R.,  found  in  Texas,  as  an  outlying  colony  of  F.  fas- 
ciolaria  forced  southward  and  retained  by  local  influences,  and 
possibly  having  submitted  to  the  modification  which  enables  us  at 
this  day  to  separate  the  two  forms.  During  the  Pliocene  the  com- 
mon ancestor  of  the  two  forms  may  have  been  different  from  either. 
During  the  Plistocene,  Holocene  and  Eecent  Periods,  we  must  con- 
sider such  species  as  Hadena  ai'cUca  to  have  preserved  their  identity, 
while  many  may  have  perished  or  submitted  to  modifications  and 
these  latter  may  be  represented  by  the  closely  allied  species  of  the 
two  faunae.  The  Glacial  Epoch  may  then  supercede  the  "  Atlantis" 
of  those  Entomologists  who  looked  for  a  geographical  connection  in 
former  times  to  account  for  the  existence  of  identical  or  represent- 
ative species  on  the  two  continents.* 

*  I  append  here  the  description  of  a  new  North  American  Perigea ; 
Perigea  luxa  n.  s. 

S  ¥  . — The  male  antennae  are  simple,  pubescent  beneath.  Eyes  naked,  with  lashes.  Tibia 
unarmed.  Abdomen  carinated,  with  extremely  minute  tuftlets.  The  glossy  fore  wings  are 
strongly  widened  outwardly,  being  narrow  at  base.  The  ornamentation  is  like  that  of  Perigea 
xanthloides^  but  the  color  totally  different  and  the  size  larger— blackish  mixed  with  dirty  ochery, 
giving  the  primary  a  mottled  appearance.  The  lines  are  geminate,  black,  filled  in  with  ochery, 
ill  defined,  waved  or  dentated.  Claviform  suffused  with  deep  black,  vague,  subquadrate  in  out- 
line. Orbicular  ochery,  moderate,  ringed  incompletely  with  black,  with  blackish  center.  Ren- 
iform  very  large,  somewhat  8-shaped,  being  medially  constricted,  colored  like  the  orbicular, 
with  large  internal  black  annulus.  A  series  of  white  nervular  points  on  the  black  subterminal 
space  beyond  the  dentate  ochery  shaded  t.  p.  line.  Subterminal  line  uneven,  outlined  by  a  suc- 
ceeding ochery  shading.  Fringes  dotted  with  ochery  at  the  extremity  of  the  veins.  Hind 
wings  fuscous,  a  little  paler  at  base,  with  pale,  ocher-tinlcd  fringes  and  without  markings ; 
beneath  pale  ochery,  powdered  with  fuscous.  Fore  wings  blackish  except  terminal  space. 
Hind  wings  pale  with  double  fuscous  shade  lines  and  discal  mark.  Head  and  thorax  mi.Ked 
ocherous  and  blackish  ;  collar  more  ochery  with  black  edging.  Palpi  as  long  as  the  front, 
'  ascending,  with  well  developed  closely  scaled  terminal  joint. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.    New  York  (Mr.  Meske) ;  Alabama  (Grote) ;  Mass.  (Mr.  R.  Tluixter). 


201 


XVI.    On  Attacus  (Samia)  Columbia  and  its  Parasites 

BY  ir.  A.   IIAGEN,  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 
[Bead  before  this  Society,  December  15, 1874.] 

The  new  aiTiingement  of  onr  biological  collection,  drew  my 
attention  to  the  large  New  England  Attaci,  all  but  Columbia  bred 
by  myself,  some  of  them  even  in  very  large  numbers.  The  prepar- 
ing of  the  objects  for  the  collection,  and  the  determination  of  the 
parasites  bred  by  myself,  or  presented  to  the  collection,  was  of 
course  followed  by  a  nearer  study  of  the  literature  scattered  in 
different  papers. 

Our  stock  of  Cohimhia  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  still  unrivalled, 
containing  all  the  types  of  Mr.  S.  I.  Smith,  the  discoverer  of  the 
species,  the  types  of  his  description  as  well  as  of  his  photographs. 
There  are,  of  imagos,  two  males  and  one  female,  all  Mr.  Smith  was 
able  to  raise,  as  the  others  Avere  infested  by  an  unusual  number  of 
parasites.  One  of  the  males,  No.  548,  of  Mr.  Smith's  catalogue,  is 
stated  '"to  be  developed  from  the  pupa  found  upon  a  maple  twig 
growing  among  Rhodora  Canadensis;  the  cocoon  apparently  the 
same  as  this,  and  quite  common  on  Rhodora."  The  cocoon  with 
the  same  number,  is  still  present  in  the  collection.  Nine  similar 
cocoons  all  from  the  same  collector,  are  still  present;  three  are 
given  to  other  collections.  Besides  these,  twenty  specimens  of  two 
species  of  parasites  upon  this  species  were  sent.  Some  of  these 
latter  are  still  preserved  in  good  condition,  labelled  by  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard,  who  described  them  in  the  original  paper. 

I  was  fortunate  in  being  able  to  make  the  set  more  complete  by 
opening  all  the  cocoons,  and  searching  carefully  their  conteuts.  In 
two  I  found  the  caterpillar  remains  in  tolerable  condition ;  in  one 
the  pupa  skin.  The  others  were  all  filled  with  parasites,  and  I 
was  able  to  take  out  both  species  described  by  Dr.  Packard,  in  frag- 
mentary condition,  but  sufficiently  preserved   for   determination. 

BUL.   BUF.   SOC.   NAT.   SCI.  (26)  JANUARY,   1875. 


202 

Besides  this,  I  was  able  to  ascertain  the  cocoons  of  both  parasites, 
the  inner  soft  cocoon  for  the  smaller  species,  and  one  specimen 
of  a  third  species  not  yet  mentioned.  It  will  be  agreed  that  the 
set  is  now  tolerably  complete,  ne¥ertheless  there  are  still  gaps 
enough  for  further  investigation,  before  all  the  interesting  facts 
concerning  these  species,  can  be  considered  as  finally  settled. 

After  the  original  paper  by  Messrs.  Smith  and  Packard,  published 
ten  years  ago  in  the  Proc.  of  the  Boston  N.  H.  S.,  I  am  not  aware 
that  Columbia  is  spoken  of,  except  in  a  notice  by  Mr.  W.  Couper, 
of  Montreal,  and  a  detailed  paper  by  Mr.  G.  J.  Bowles,  of  Quebec, 
with  a  figure  of  the  female,  all  in  the  Volumes  I  and  III,  of  the 
Canadian  Entomologist,  and  a  notice  by  Mr.  Chas.  V.  Riley,  in  his 
fourth  Report. 

Concerning  first  the  imago,  the  question  of  the  validity  of  Colum- 
Ma  as  a  distinct  species,  is  answered  in  the  affirmative  by  all  the 
authors  except  Mr.  Riley,  who  states  it  to  belong  to  Cecropia 
(1.  c,  p.  Ill)  in  the  words,  "  Cryptus  Samiae  and  Cr.  Smithii  infest 
the  form  that  has  been  described  as  Samia  Columbia." 

The  question  whether  Columbia  is  a  species  or  not,  a  question 
which  I  believe  is  not  to  be  considered  as  settled,  until  an  exhaustive 
knowledge  of  all  stages  by  successive  breeding  is  made,  has  occu- 
pied me  during  the  present  year  at  several  times.  If  Columbia 
should  happen  not  to  be  a  distinct  species,  it  must  be  either  a  variety 
of  some  other  species,  or  a  hybrid  of  two  species. 

With  regard  to  the  first  hypothesis  (adopted  by  Mr.  Riley,  if  I 
understand  aright  his  expression  "form"  as  equivalent  to  "variety") 
I  can  only  state  that  in  the  very  large  number  of  specimens  of  Ce- 
cropia, either  bred  by  myself,  or  present  in  our  and  other  collections, 
a  number  exceeding  two  hundred  specimens,  I  never  saw  a  variety 
agreeing  Avitli  Columbia.  One  small  and  very  dark  colored  male, 
also  presented  by  Mr.  Smith,  from  the  same  locality,  I  considered 
first  to  be  an  intermediate  form,  but  on  comparing  carefully  the 
details,  I  find  it  to  be  Cecropia,  although  a  someAvhat  remarkable 
variety.  The  conclusion  I  would  draw  from  my  materials  is,  that 
Columbia  cannot,  at  least  until  the  contrary  is  proved  by  evidence, 
be  considered  as  a  variety  or  form  of  Cecropia.  With  regard  to 
the  second  eventuality,  a  hybrid  form,  of  course  it  is  as  yet  merely 
a  conjecture.     Still,  as  I  feel  myself  bound  to  frankly  express  my 


203  , 

opinion,  I  should  say  I  believe  it  possible  that  Columbia  may  be  a 
liybrid,  perhaps  of  Cecropia  and  Promethea,  and  I  will  state  what 
I  believe  to  be  in  favor  and  disfavor  of  this  conjecture.  In  favor 
would  be  the  circumstance  that  it  is  very  improbable  that  such  a 
large  species  should  occur  so  rarely,  while  the  large  number  of  Lepi- 
dopterologists  eager  to  secure  this  treasure,  operates  against  the  idea 
that  it  was  overlooked. 

The  conjecture  that  Cohimhia  is  a  hybrid,  would  not  be  worth 
mentioning,  if  there  did  not  exist  similar  cases  recorded  by  the 
most  prominent  authorities.  Of  course  I  speak  only  of  cases  of 
hybrids  as  images  or  caterpillars,  from  which  imagos,  when  bred, 
have  been  collected  in  the  open  fields.  The  facts  just  at  hand  (I 
have  no  doubt  that  more  are  published)  record  caterpillars  of  hyb- 
rids of  Saturnia  Carpini  and  Spini,  found  in  Austria  according  to 
Lederer;  caterpillars  of  Sphinx  Epilobii,  a  hybrid  of  S.  Vespertilio, 
and  Euphorbiae,  being  found  in  France  according  to  Eambur; 
in  the  same  country  are  found  also  caterpillars  of  Sph.  vespertili- 
oides,  the  hybrid  of  S.  vespertilio  and  S.  Hippophaes  according  to 
Boisduval  and  Lederer. 

The  imago  and  caterpillars  of  >S/j7^  PMleupliorhiae,  hybrids  of 
Sjjli.  Eupliorhiae  and  Galii,  have  been  found  near  Berlin,  in  several 
specimens.  Hybrids  of  Zxjgaena  Trifolii  and  Filipendulae  were 
found  in  the  imago  state  in  England,  hybrids  of  Colias  Edusa 
and  Hyale,  of  Lycaena  Adonis  and  Alexis,  of  Hipparchia  Arcania 
and  Hero,  of  Coenonymplta  Pampliilus,  and  Ijjhis,  of  Vanessa  Urti- 
cae  and  Atalanta  are  recorded  from  different  coimtries. 

Artificially  raised  hybrids  are  recorded  for  Smerinthus  ocellatus 
and  populi,  Saturnia  spini  and  Carpini,  Saturnia  spini  and  pyi'i 
Platypteryx  falcula  and  curvatida,  Dicranura  vimtla  and  erminea, 
Zygaena  filipendulae  and  niinos,  while  numerous  facts  observed  in 
the  Garden  of  Acclimatization  in  Paris  by  Guerin  with  Attacks 
Cynthia  and  Arrindia,  and  otlicr  species  of  silk-worms,  undoubtedly 
prove  the  possibility  of  inter- breeding  among  certain  species  of  the 
genus  Attacus.  Mr.  Riley,  Eep.  Ill,  ITO,  succeeded  in  obtaining 
eggs  from  A.  cynthia  $  and  Cecropia  ?  ,  and  from  Cecropia  5  and 
Polyphemus  ?  ,  but  the  eggs  did  not  hatch. 

Comparing  the  hybrids  known  between  vertebrates,  and  some 
occur  not  rarely,  and  oven  regularly,  we  find  tliem  mostly  recorded 


204 

between  species  reputed  for  their  salacious  liabits,  as  between  birds  in 
the  GaUinae  and  Passeres,  between  fishes  in  the  Cypi-inoids.  Now 
every  one  will  agree  that  the  habit  of  the  Bonibyces  is  salacious  in 
the  highest  degree. 

There  is  perhaps  another  circumstance  in  favor  of  my  conjecture. 
The  hybrids  of  Tetrao  urogallus  and  tetrix,  known  as  Tetrao  inter- 
media, occur  notoriously  always,  when,  by  excessive  hunting,  the 
males  of  the  first  are  killed  in  such  a  number,  that  the  females  are 
obliged  to  recur  to  the  other  species.  Now  it  is  not  improbable  that 
in  times  when  some  species  of  Attacus  are  extensively  damaged  by 
parasites — and  I  beg  to  remark  that  in  the  year  Mr.  Smith  reared 
his  specimens,  all  cocoons  but  three  of  Columbia,  were  most  exten- 
sively attacked  by  parasites — the  interbreeding  would  be  much  facili- 
tated ;  I  remarked  also  that,  in  the  same  year,  Mr.  Smith  presented  to 
the  Museum  a  large  lot  of  parasites  bred  from  Polyjihemus,  and 
the  year  before  of  Cecropia,  as  proof  that  at  least  those  species 
were  largely  infected. 

The  idea  that  new  species  may  be  formed  by  interbreeding  is  a 
very  old  one,  even  expressed  by  Fabricius  in  one  of  his  first  books, 
Philosophia  Entomologica,  by  G-ravenhorst  in  his  celebrated  work 
on  Ichneumons,  and  by  Westwood. 

However  it  may  eventuate,  the  conjecture  that  Columhia  could 
be  a  hybrid  species,  seems  to  me  at  least  worthy  of  consideration. 

Concerning  another  new  species,  Gloveri,  I  cannot  help  thinking 
it  to  be  identical  with  CohcmMa,  to  judge  from  the  figure  and  de- 
scription, as  I  have  not  seen  the  specimens.  It  is  fair  to  state  that 
Mr.  Strecker,  on  seeing  our  specimens  of  Columbia,  declared  them 
to  be  different  from  his  Gloveri. 

Concerning  the  previous  stages  of  Columbia,  Mr.  Bowles  captured 
in  August  a  full  grown  specimen,  so  closely  resembling  a  Cecropia 
caterpillar  in  size  and  general  appearance,  that  he  did  not  take 
notes  at  the  time,  though  on  close  examination  he  could  not  quite 
reconcile  the  color  and  arrangement  of  tlie  tubercules  with  the 
description  given  by  Morris.  The  principal  difference  was  in  the 
number  of  red  Avarts,  Columbia  possessing  more  than  the  other 
species.  The  remains  in  our  collection  show  the  head,  tail  and  the 
warts  of  the  thoracical  segments  as  in  Cec7'opia.  More  is  not  to  be 
seen.     Another  specimen  has  also  the  abdominal  warts,  but  discon- 


205 

nected.  The  large  chrysalis  skin  roscmhles  Cecropia.  The  cocoon 
observed  at  Quebec  by  Mr.  Couper,  -which  from  its  likeness  to  that 
of  Cecropia,  he  took  to  be  that  insect,  i)roduced  in  due  time  Colum- 
bia. This  cocoon  must  have  been  dillerent  from  all  I  have  seen, 
which  agree  exactly  with  Mr.  Smith's  description.  The  cocoon  of 
Columbia  is  much  smaller  and  of  more  regular  form;  dark  brown, 
approaching  black  in  some  places,  Avitli  silvery  spots;  the  inner  and 
outer  cocoon  so  closely  Avoven  together,  except  at  the  very  top,  as  to 
be  separated  with  difficulty. 

It  is  fair  to  state  and  in  disfavor  of  my  above  given  opinion,  that 
all  the  cocoons  of  Columbia  are  alike,  and  differ  strongly  from  those 
from  all  other  species,  by  the  so-called  silvery  spots,  and  the  dark 
blackish  brown  color  of  the  cocoon.  The  silvery  spots  are  produced 
by  white  silk  woven  around  at  certain  intervals,  but  crowded  to- 
gether on  the  spots. 

I  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  cocoons  of  Cecrojna,  are 
themselves  very  variable  in  form  and  texture,  and  one  presented  by 
Mr.  Smith  from  the  same  locality  with  Columbia,  in  certain  ways 
approaches  the  cocoons  of  Columbia.  The  silk  is  the  same,  but 
less  coarse  and  not  silvery.  I  confess  frankly  that  only  the  peculiar 
features  of  the  cocoons  support  the  opinion  that  Columbia  is  a  dif- 
ferent species. 

Concerning  the  parasites  of  the  large  Attaci  from  New  Eng- 
land, I  know  eight ;  one  Dipteron,  the  Exorista  leucaniae  var.  cecro- 
piae  bred  by  Mr.  Trouvelot  from  Poh/jjliemus,  by  Mr.  Eiley  from 
Cecropia;  the  others  all  Hymenoptera.  The  large  Ophio7i  macrn- 
rum,  has  been  bred  from  Cecropia  by  Mr.  Eiley  and  Mr.  Altum,  of 
Europe,  from  Polyphemus  by  Mr.  Trouvelot,  from  Promethea  by 
myself.  In  the  museum  collection  I  found  cocoons,  probably  be- 
longing to  the  southern  species  S2)lenclidus,  also  infected  by  the  same 
Opliion. 

Two  species  of  Crijptus  are,  without  doubt,  the  most  common 
parasites,  C.  nuncius  Say,  and  C.  Samiae  Packard ;  with  the  latter 
species  C.  extrematis  Cress,  is  identical.  The  C.  nuncius  was  bred 
from  Promethea  by  Say,  and  in  large  numbers  by  myself;  from 
Polyphenms  in  large  numbers  by  Smith.  The  C.  Samiae  has  been 
bred  by  Smith  in  large  numbers  from  Cohimbia,  and  from  Cecropia 
by  Smith  and  Ililey.     The  two  species  are  very  nearly  related  one 


206 

to  the  other.  The  clifFerences  are  given  in  a  detailed  manner  by 
Mr.  Riley  (4  Rep.,  p.  Ill)  upon  comparing  numerous  specimens  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  Cresson.  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  be  able 
to  compare  a  considerable  number  of  types,  and  I  am  largely  in- 
debted to  Mr.  S.  I.  Smith  for  most  of  them,  and  notes  concerning 
Mr.  Cresson's  views.  I  believe  Mr.  Riley  is  right  in  supposing  that 
Say  inadvertently  overlooked  the  white  apical  spot  on  abdomen  of 
C.  nuncius,  and  since  the  same  happened  to  Dr.  Packard  in  the 
description  of  his  species,  I  should  add  that  among  the  more  than 
two  hundred  specimens  bred  by  myself,  all,  both  male  and  female, 
possess  the  Avhite  apical  spot,  though  it  varies  in  the  male.  I  saw 
no  male  bred  from  Promethea,  without  a  white  spot,  but  there  are 
recorded  some  found  by  Mr.  Riley.  The  color  of  the  tarsi  I  observed 
to  be  a  little  more  variable  than  stated  by  Mr.  Riley,  having  bred  a 
male  C.  nuncius  Avith  all  the  joints  of  the  tarsi  black  above,  and 
some  males  and  females  with  the  first  joint  entirely  blackish.  The 
very  apparent  white  color  of  the  four  anterior  coxae  of  the  male,  and 
the  short  ovipositor  of  the  female,  are  the  most  prominent  characters. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact,  that  between  the  large  number  of  Cr. 
nuncius  bred  by  Mr.  Smith  from  Polyphemus,  not  one  male  possesses 
a  white  apical  spot  on  the  abdomen.  I  have  thirty-six  males  and 
females  before  me,  and  am  not  able  to  find  any  other  difference  be- 
tween them  and  the  parasites  from  Promethea. 

The  other  species,  Cr.  extrematis,*  is  described  by  Mr.  Cresson 
(Sept.  1864,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Philad.,  p.  304),  and  as  Cr.  Samiae  by 
Dr.  Packard  (March,  1865,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  11.,  p.  346).  The  iden- 
tity of  both  species,  presumed  by  Mr.  Riley  (Rep.  IV,  p.  Ill),  is  now 
proved  by  numerous  types  before  me.  There  were  some  difficulties 
to  be  overcome  before  I  was  able  to  be  sure  of  my  determination. 
That  the  male  described  as  C.  extrematis  belongs  to  C.  nuncius  was 
recognized  by  Messrs.  Cresson  and  Riley  (Rep.  IV,  p.  110),  but  there 
were  some  discrepancies  in  Dr.  Packard's  description  of  Cr.  Samiae 
pointed  out  by  Mr.  Riley,  the  misapplication  of  the  terms  "trochan- 
ters" for  "  coxae,"  and  "  coxae"  for  "  trochanters,"  and  the  omission 
to  mention  the  white  apical  spot  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female.  As 
I  have  before  me  about  twenty  types  of  C.  Samiae,  together  with 
the  types  with  Dr.  Packard's  original  label,  all  belonging  to  the 

*  The  name  C.  extrematis  is  not  admissible  on  :ucoiint  of  its  incorrec    formation. 


207 

parasites  bred  by  Mr.  Smith,  and  besides  them  a  larger  number 
taken  by  myself  out  of  the  cocoons  kindly  forwarded  by  Mr.  Smith 
and  all  types  of  Dr.  Packard,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  I  have 
before  me  the  right  Cr.  Samiae. 

All  the  specimens  prove  Mr.  Kiley's  supposition  correct,  and  that 
inadvertently  the  terms  "coxae"  and  "trochanters"  were  misap- 
plied.   Farther,  that  the  females  seen  by  me  have  a  conspicuous 
apical  white  spot.     The  Museum  had  sent,  according  to  the  wishes 
of  Mr.  Cresson,  March  9,  1868,  a  lot  of  Ichneumonidae,  and  among 
them  a  large  number  of  the  specimens  bred  by  Mr.  Smith  from 
Gecropia,  Polyphemus   and  Colnmhia,  and  as  these  were  returned 
named  in  Jan.  15,  1873,  about  the  time  of  issue  of  Mr.  Riley's  lie- 
port  on  those  parasites,  I  studied  them  carefully.     There  are  twenty- 
six  females  and  twenty-three  males,  all  named  Cr.  nuncius  by  Mr. 
Cresson,  but  on  comparing  them,  I  found  all  females  but  two,  even 
the  label-bearing  specimen,  to  be  Or.  extremaiis,  and  of  the  males 
eight  Cr.  extremaiis,  the  others,  including  the  label-bearing  specimen, 
to  be  Cr.  nuncius,  but  these  all  without  the  Avhite  apical  spot  of  the 
abdomen,  all  being  bred  from  Polyphemus.     Of  course  there  Avas 
some  doubt  if  I  knew  at  all  the  real  Cr.  extremaiis,  but  I  had  seen 
a  type  sent  by  Mr.  Smith,  and  named  for  him  by  Mr.  Cresson  in 
1867,  with  the  remark  "  Cr.  extremaiis  Cresson  is  probably  a  variety 
of  Cr.  nuncius  Say,"  and  the  note  "  that  there  had  been  no  males 
of  Cr.  extremaiis  or  females  of  C.  nuncius  in  the  collection  sent 
for  determination."     Between  a  dozen  specimens  communicated  by 
Mr.  Smith  to  me,  I  find  two  males  of  Cr.  extremaiis,  and  two  females 
of  Cr.  nuncius,  removing  my  last  doubts,  and  proving  that  Mr. 
Cresson  had  not  been  decided  about  the  differences  and  limits  of 
the  two  species. 

There  is  also  Cr.  extremaiis,  identical  with  Cr.  Samiae,  parasite 
on  Cecropia  and  Columbia,  and  Cr.  nuncius  parasite  on  Promelhea 
and  Polyphemus,  for  the  latter  species  the  males  Avithout  the  apical 
spot. 

Of  Cr.  Smilhii  tAventy-tAvo  specimens,  male  and  female,  are  before 
me,  two  of  them  from  Pennsylvania,  all  others  bred  by  Mr.  Smith. 
Of  the  specimens  Avith  certainty  bred  from  Columbia,  seven  are 
before  me,  males  and  females,  among  them  the  types  Avith  the  orig- 
inal labels  of  Dr.  Packard.     Fifteen  specimens,  including  some  of 


208 

those  bred  from  Columbia  have  been  labelled  by  Mr.  Cresson  "  Ilem- 
iteles  compadus  Cresson."  I  do  not  find  this  species  published ;  the 
Pezomachus  compadus  Cresson  is  a  different  species.  I  see  among 
Mr.  Smith's  t3'pe3  the  Cr.  Smithii  also  labelled  by  Mr.  Cresson  as 
Hemiteles;  of  course  the  name  //.  Smithii  is  to  be  retained.  All 
specimens  agree  with  Dr.  Packard's  description,  except  that  most  of 
the  males  have  only  the  apical  third  of  the  tibiae  of  the  hind  legs 
blackish,  and  only  one  two-thirds  as  stated  in  the  description ;  I  find 
some  of  H.  S/nilJiii  in  the  infected  cocoons.  They  are  situated  be- 
tween the  cocoons  of  Cr.  Samiae,  but  in  an  oblique  position  at  vari- 
ance with  the  regularity  of  the  cocoons  of  Cr.  Samiae.  The  cocoons 
are  similar  to  those  of  Cr.  Samiae,  but  shorter,  nine  mill,  long, 
and  apparently  woven  with  a  softer  silk.  The  dried  nympha,  or  the 
dead  imago,  is  enclosed  in  an  elongated  somewhat  fl^ask-shaped  bag, 
made  of  white  and  very  soft  silk,  always  open  at  the  smaller  end. 
I  never  found  such  bags  in  the  cocoons  of  Cr.  Samiae  or  Cr.  nun- 
cius.  I  found  in  the  cocoons  always  H.  Smithii,  only  in  small  num- 
bers compared  with  the  other  species. 

Between  these  cocoons  I  took  out  of  a  similar  but  smaller  one,  a 
broken  specimen  of  a  third  species.  It  is  a  female  Hemiteles,  per- 
haps H.  sessilis  (Naturalist  Canad.  VI,  p.  334),  or  nearly  related. 
In  some  characters  it  is  similar  to  Rem.  conspicuus  Cresson,  but  as 
the  specimen  consists  only  of  fragments,  I  cannot  go  farther  in 
my  determination.  The  dark  transversal  bands  on  the  fore  wings, 
and  smaller  size,  separate  it  directly  from  the  above  mentioned 
species. 

I  should  remark  that  I  possess  larvae  of  Cr.  Samiae,  Cr.  7iun- 
cius  and  H.  Smithii.  Some  of  the  two  first  contain,  as  I  believe, 
eggs  of  a  parasite ;  perhaps  Hemiteles  preys  upon  them. 

Chalcis  Mariae,  found  on  Polyphemus  and  Cecropia,  is  the  only 
known  parasite  on  the  Attaci  with  which  I  am  unacquainted,  while 
I  have  myself  observed  a  small  species  of  Bracon,  parasitic  on  Pro- 
metUea,  and  possess  specimens  of  it  in  the  larval  as  well  as  in  the 
perfect  state. 


209 


XVII.    Supplement  to  the  List  of  North  American 

Noctuidae 

BY   AUG.   R.    GROTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  January  8, 1875.] 

Since  the  publication  of  the  List  of  North  American  Noctuidae, 
I  have  published  descriptions  of  several  additional  species,  chiefly  in 
a  paper  presented  to  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Nov.  3d, 
1874,  printed  copies  of  which  were  distributed  Dec.  15th,  1874. 
More  than  ten  days  later  there  appeared  a  paper  by  Mr.  H.  K.  Mor- 
rison, from  the  proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  His- 
tory, describing  and  indicating  a  number  of  new  species,  a  few  of 
which  had  been  previously  submitted  to  me,  Avhile  at  least  one  de- 
scribed by  myself  in  the  paper  above  referred  to  appears  under  a 
new  name.  The  facts  attending  the  publication  of  the  tAvo  papers 
accord  to  my  own  the  priority.  For  nearly  a  year  I  had  been  in 
constant  correspondence  with  Mr.  Morrison  and  a  large  number  of 
specimens  of  his  were  sent  to  me  from  time  to  time  in  boxes  through 
the  mail  for  identification.  I  performed  the  work  voluntarily,  Avithout 
benefit  to  myself,  and  I  was  fortunate  in  being  able  to  save  Mr.  Mor- 
rison much  labor  and  a  certain  number  of  synonyms  by  my  opinions 
on  his  material.  I  am  duly  rewarded  for  my  complaisance  by  petu- 
lant and  unnecessary  remarks  in  this  paper  of  Mr.  Morrison's.  I 
am  told  for  instance  on  page  154,  that  "  E.  coccineifascia  and  E. 
rosaha  [i.  e.  rosalba]  are  "  figured  very  poorly  by  Mr.  Grote,"  whereas 
/  never  figured  the  species  at  all,  the  plate  in  question  being  executed 
by  Mr.  Herman  Strecker  for  the  American  Entomological  Society. 

I  am  also  taken  to  task  for  the  shortness  of  my  description  of 
Dianthoecia  leucogj-amma,  which  Mr.  Morrison  pretends  to  be  unable 
to  be  *'  fully  satisfied  "  about.  The  description  will,  I  think,  com- 
pare very  favorably  in  length,  with  any  of  j\lr.  Morrison's  of  his 

BrL.   nUF.   90C.   NAT.   SCI.  (27)  JAXUART,   1875. 


210 

twenty-three  new  species  of  Agrotis,  and  I  hope  in  clearness  with 
any  of  Mr.  Morrison's  more  lengthy  compositions.  I  am  happy  in 
any  case  to  notice  the  form  of  my  descriptions  of  Noctuidae  invol- 
untarily commended  hy  Mr.  Morrison  by  its  aj^propriation. 

In  describing  Pyropliila glabella,  Mr.  Morrison  makes  the  following 
remarks  :  "  Three  forms  have  been  recently  described  as  distinct  in 
this  genus,  inornata  Grote,  conspersa  Riley,  and  Agrotis  repressus 
Grote,  but  they  have  turned  out  to  be  identical  with  our  common 
pyramidoides  Guen.,  and  tragopoginis  Linn.  The  first  two  are  well 
marked  varieties  of  pyramidoides  ;  the  last  simjily  a  description, 
under  an  erroneous  generic  reference,  of  American  specimens  of 
tragopoginis  a  well  known  European  species,"  1.  c.  153.  Any  one 
would  suppose,  after  reading  the  above,  that  Mr.  Morrison  was  re- 
cording some  original  observations  of  scientific  value  and  that  my- 
self and  Prof.  Riley  are  to  be  corrected  by  him.  The  reverse  is  the 
case.  The  references  of  inornata  Grote  and  of  conspersa  Eiley  to 
pyramidoides,  were  already  made ;  the  former  by  Prof.  Eiley,  the 
latter  by  myself.  I  also  am  the  first  to  correct  my  re-description  of 
tragopoginis,  and  at  his  desire  furnished  Mr.  Morrison  himself  with 
a  specimen  of  this  species,  and  this  but  "  recently, "  before  the  pub- 
lication of  his  paper.  In  the  "List"  these  citations  are  correctly 
made  and  Mr.  Morrison  has  drawn  from  thence  his  generic  term  Pyro- 
pliila, not  previously  used  for  our  American  species.  There  are  two 
original  mistakes  in  Mr.  Morrison's  remarks,  however,  that  may  be 
corrected.  The  first  lies  in  the  unscientific  use  of  the  word  "  variety  " 
when  writing  of  conspersa.  The  single  specimen  of  conspersa  is  an 
"  aberration"  oi pyramidoides,  not  a  "variety."  The  second  is  in  the 
use  of  the  word  "  recent,"  as  applied  to  the  time  of  description  of 
inornata,  which  is  dated  eleven  years  ago,  in  1864.  Geologically 
speaking  that  description  is  of  course  recent;  in  comparison  with  any 
of  Mr.  Morrison's  comi^ositions,  it  is,  however,  sufliciently  remote. 

I  notice  here  the  species  of  Mr.  Morrison's  which  I  have  identi- 
fied and  which  should  be  known  under  different  names.  Copi- 
pa7iolis  verncdis  Morr.,  p.  133,  is  a  re-description  of  Eutolype  Ro- 
landi  Grote.  I  do  not  consider  the  species  as  belonging  to  my  genus 
Copipanolis.  I  have  failed  to  observe  the  tibial  claw  until  recently. 
Its  possession  allies  the  moth  still  more  closely  to  Dicopis  Grote. 
The  three  specimens  sent  me  by  Mr.  Thaxter  and  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley, 


211 

liiul  the  legs  so  folded  and  conceiilcd  by  the  vcstiture  that  it  escaped 
my  attention.  The  publication  of  any  of  the  species  discovered  by 
Mr.  Thaxter  constitutes  a  distinct  breach  of  scientific  etiquette  on 
the  part  of  Mr.  Morrison,  who  has  acted  in  defiance  of  Mr.  Thaxter's 
request  that  none  of  the  specimens  belonging  to  him  should  be  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Morrison  who  received  them  for  inspection.  Ma- 
■mestra  iUahefacta  Morr.  is  a  redescription  of  M.  lilacina  Harvey. 
I  am  credited  with  pronouncing  the  two  distinct,  but  I  did  so  under 
limitation,  the  color  of  the  specimens  alone  not  quite  agreeing.  Dr. 
Harvey's  type  was  brighter  colored  than  the  somewhat  faded  speci- 
men sent  me  by  Mr.  Morrison  as  a  new  species  of  "  Taeniocampa.'^ 
Subsequently  a  specimen  intermediate  in  tone  has  occurred  and  the 
two  names  undoubtedly  refer  to  one  and  the  same  species.  Hydroe- 
cia  semiaperta  Morr.  is  referred  to  Perigrapha  on  p.  150,  in  my 
opinion  "  erroneously."  The  habitus  resembles  Hydroecia  (Apamea), 
and  I  regard  the  insect  as  intermediate  between  Nep)lielodes  and  Api- 
amea  and  as  the  type  of  a  distinct  genus.  Glaea  sericea,  p.  151, 
seems  to  be  based  on  a  specimen  sent  me  as  a  n.  s.  of  that  genus, 
but  Avhicli  I  could  not  satisfactorily  separate  from  G.  apiata.  Xan- 
thoptera  nigrocaput  Morr.,  p.  153,  is,  very  apparently,  a  synonym  of 
X.  Riding sii  Riley.  I  also  object  to  the  disposition  of  the  species  of 
Xanthoptera  and  Prothymia  made  by  Mr.  Morrison  on  page  154. 
Semicrocea,  Ridingsii  and  fax,  belong  together ;  Semijlava  is  related 
to  coccineifascia  and  rosalha. 

Hadena  rasilis  Morr.,  p.  158,  is  a  synonym  of  Elapliria  grata  Hiibn., 
referred  to  Caradrina  in  my  List,  perhaps  "  erroneously."  It  is  a 
common  Southern  species,  plentiful  in  Central  Alabama.  I  am  in- 
debted to  Prof.  Snow  for  an  opportunity  of  examining  a  ?  speci- 
men determined  by  Mr.  Morrison  as  his  species. 

Although  Mr.  Morrison  does  not  mention  the  circumstance,  yet  I 
sent  him  the  California  specimens  described  by  him  as  Agrotis  exserti- 
stigma,  determined  as  A.  alternata,  since  I  regard  them  as  belong- 
ing to  that  species.  The  differential  characters  published  by  Mr. 
Morrison  are  not  constant,  and  I  cannot  consider  his  species  valid. 
In  the  same  way  I  cannot  separate  the  California  specimens  of  an 
allied  species,  A.  clandestina,  from  our  own.  From  the  description 
I  think  it  not  improbable  that  Mr.  Morrison's  new  species  of  Ha- 
dena, vidgivaga,  is  identical  with  Guence's  apamiformis.    Mr.  Mor- 


212 

rison  will  have  re-described,  with  impartiality,  species  previously 
published  by  Hiibner,  Gueuee,  Prof.  Riley,  Dr.  Harvey  and  myself. 
I  find  reason  also  to  seriously  object  to  Mr.  Morrison's  notice  of 
myself  in  connection  with  his  new  species,  A.  rufipectus.  Mr.  Mor- 
rison says :  "  Kindly  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Grote  for  determina- 
tion." I  sent  Mr.  Morrison  the  specimen  in  response  to  his  request 
that  I  should  send  him  some  new  species  of  Agrotis  for  descrijjtmi. 
I  myself  determined  this  species  as  new  and  desired  no  determina- 
tion from  Mr.  Morrison  in  the  matter.  With  regard  to  Mr.  Morri- 
son's remarks  concerning  M.  Ulacina  (p.  143),  I  confess  I  do  not 
recognize  the  necessity  that  obliges  Mr.  Morrison  to  publish  his 
descriptions  of  species  already  published  on  the  plea  that  his  de- 
scriptions were  "  written  before."  Finally,  I  deprecate  the  use  of  the 
word  "  erroneous "  by  a  person  so  inexperienced  as  Mr.  Morrison, 
and  who  has  already  made  mistakes  which  will  effectually  prevent 
any  belief  in  his  infallibility;  as  applied  to  myself,  this  term  comes 
with  additional  bad  grace,  since  I  shall  have  always  deserved,  under 
any  subsequent  circumstances,  a  certain  amount  of  consideration  at 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Morrison. 

Of  the  other  species  described  by  Mr.  Morrison  I  have  seen  only 
Acronycta  increta,  Mamestra  oUvacea,  Segetia  fahrefada  and  Pter- 
oscia  atrata,  and  which  appeared  to  me  valid.  With  regard  to  one 
of  Mr.  Morrison's  species,  Agrotis  tmimacula,  I  have  had  some 
correspondence  with  him ;  I  believe  it  to  be  entitled  to  a  distinct 
name,  although  so  very  nearly  related  to  the  European  augur.  The 
name  used  by  Mr.  Morrison  being  preoccupied  for  a  species  of 
Agrotis  from  Andalusia  by  Dr.  Staudinger,  I  propose  to  call  our 
American  species  A.  liaruspica. 

The  wholesale  appropriation  and  misapplication  of  Hiibner's 
names  by  Treitschke  has  been  more  or  less  quietly  acquiesced  in  by 
subsequent  German  Entomologists  until  quite  recently.  In  France, 
the  wrong  appears  to  have  been  increased  and  the  injury  aggravated. 
Boisduval  assisted  at  this  partition  of  scientific  property  and  wrote 
of  "  mon  genre  "  at  the  expense  of  the  Augsburg  student.  Guenee, 
whose  description  of  species  is  so  excellent,  re-named  Hiibner's  gen- 
era ad  libitum  and  styled  the  Verzeichniss  "  un  ouvrage  mort  ne." 
In  vitality  the  Verzeichniss  compares  favorably  to-day  with  any 
other  publication  on  its  subject.    In  England,  Hiibner  found  a  con- 


213 

scientious  friend  in  Stephens,  as  early  as  1825.  ]\Ieanwhile  the 
text-books  of  his  fatherland  placed  the  letters  "  Tr."  or  "  Ochs."  after 
such  generic  names  as  Agrotis,  Erastria,  Diplitliera,  Graphij)hora, 
Gortyna,  A2)atela,  Xanthia,  CijmatopUora,  Ileliotliis,  designations 
proposed  by  Hiibner  when  European  entomologists  were  for  the 
most  part  far  behind  in  any  adequate  comprehension  of  the  classifi- 
cation of  the  Sub-order. 


NOCTUAE  Linn.  (1788). 

*  DEMAS  Steph.  (1829). 

Type :  Bombyx  coryli  Linn. 
t  versicolor  Morr.,  Proc.  B.  S.  N.  H.,  1874,  133.    Massachusetts. 

EUTOLYPE  Grote  (1874). 

Type :  Eutolype  Rolandi  Grote. 

Kolandi  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  198 ;   Copipanolia  vernalis, 
Morr.,  Proc.  B.  S.  N.  H.,  133.     Massachusetts  ;  Missouri. 
[Note. — This  genus  may  succeed  Dicopis,  in  the  "  List."] 

(Page  7.) 
*  DIPHTHERA  Hubyier  (1806). 

Type  :  Diphthera  Aprilinaf  Hubn.  (nee  Linn.). 

fallax  Herr.-Sch.,  Exot.,  S.  80,  fig.  211. 

[Note. — Hubner's  aprilina  is  not  Linne's  species,  but  the  orion  of  Esper.  In 
1806  Hiibner  gives  his  "  aprilina"  as  the  type  of  Diphthera,  a  name  afterwards 
appropriated  by  Ochsenheimer.  Guenue's  "  Bombyciformes,"  18o2,  is  an  appro- 
priation of  Hubner's  "  Bombycoides,"  1806,  under  another  name.  Tlie  term 
Diphthera  must  l)e  restored  to  its  original  signification.  For  the  European 
Diphthera  ludifica  Lederer  ex  Linn.,  I  propose  the  term  Tricliosea  and  restrict 
Moma  to  the  species  Moma  Astur  Hiibn.  ex  Cram.] 

*APATELA  Hiibner  (1806). 

Type  :  Noctua  Aceris  Linn. 

[Note. — This  is  Hiibner's  type  in  the  Tentameu.  I  would  refer  all  the  forty- 
seven  species,  cited  by  me  on  pages  7  and  8  of  the  "  List "  under  Acronycta, 
to  Apatela  ;  for  the  sake  of  brevity  I  omit  here  their  separate  designation. 
In  case  of  a  disintegration  of  the  genus,  Acronycta  must  be  retained  with  its 
tj'pe  leporina,  as  cited  by  me  in  the  "  List,"  and  as  restricted  by  Hiibner  in 
1816,  for  certain  of  the  species.  I  cite  here  the  North  American  species  of 
Apatela,  which  are  not  included  in  the  "  List  "  under  Acronycta.^ 


214 

exilis  {Grote),  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874, 197  {Acronycta). 

paupercula  (Grote),  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874, 197  {Acronycta). 

subochrea  (Grote),  Bull.  Buff.  S.  N.  S.,  2, 153  (Acronycta). 

quadrata  (Grote),  BnW.  Buff.  S.  N.  S.,  2, 154  (Acronycta). 

americaua  Harris,  3d  Ed.  Ins.  luj.  Veg.  Mass.,  436,  figs.  216,  217;  Phalaena 
aceris  X  (larva)  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PI.  93  ;  Acronycta  hastulifera  X  Guen.,  Noct.  1, 
47  (imago  and  larva) ;  1  Phalaena  hastulifera  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PI.  92  (imago). 

f  acericola  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,48  (imago);  Phalaena  aceris  X  Abb.  &  Sm.,  PI.  93 
(imago) ;  Phalaena  hastulifera  Abb.  &  Sm.  (larva  teste  Guenee). 

[Note. — These  last  two  citations  should  replace  those  on  page  7,  lines  27,  28 
and  30  of  the  "  List."] 

increta  (Morr),  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  1874, 131  (Acronycta). 
\  aspera  (Morr),  1.  c,  132  (Acronycta). 

(Page  9.) 
*AGROTIS  Huhn.  (1806). 

Normanianus  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  (Sept.  1874). 

[Note. — This  citation  must  replace  that  of  triangulum,  line  22.J 
attentiis  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  p.  131. 
perattentus  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  p.  131. 

messoria  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.Veg.  Mass.,  3d  Ed.  p.  444;   Ayr.  Cochrani  Riley, 
1st  Mo.  Rep.  75 ;  Agr.  repentis  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  350,  PI. 
7,  fig.  58  ;  Agr.  lycarumX  Grote,  List,  p.  10  (Calif.). 
[Note. — This  citation  replaces  the  names  cited  in  the  List,  p.  9,  line  1,  p.  10, 
lines  6,  7  and  13.] 

fascig"erns  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6, 155. 
Hollemani  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6, 156. 
innotabilis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  202. 
euroides  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N,  S.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  202. 
Bostoniensis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  203. 
t  hyperborea  Zett.;  Mosch.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1874,  817. 

t  fusca  Boisd.;  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.,  8,  197;  scptentrionalis  Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.,  6, 
133,  Tab.  1,  fig.  3. 

[Note. — This  replaces  the  two  separate  citations  in  the  "  List."  Moschler 
also  conjectures  that  Okakensis  Pack.,  is  identical  with  Wockei  Mosch.  I 
know  neither  species.] 

t  Erdmanni  Mdsch.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1874. 

haruspica  Grote;  Agr.  uniniacula  (nom.  praeoc.)  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H., 
1874,  166. 

[Note. — This  citation  should  replace  that  of  Augur  in  the  "  List."] 

(Page  12.) 

*EUROIS  Hubn. 

t  astricta  3forr.,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  135. 
pressiis  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  Sf])t.,  1874. 


215 

*MAMESTIIA  Ochs. 

lilacina  llm-eey,  li.  s.,  2,  112  ;  Mamestra  illabefactn  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N. 

II.,  141. 
t  iinpolita  Morr.,  1.  c,  140. 
olivjU'CJi  3f()rr.,  1.  c,  143. 
t  iociucia  Morr.,  1.  c,  15G. 

(Page  13.) 
*  DIANTIIOECIA  Boisd. 
pensilis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874, 199. 

[Note. — My  types  were  from  Victoria,  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  Crotch. 
The  species  has  been  also  sent  me  from  Sauzalito  by  Mr.  Behrens  ;  the  Cali- 
fornian  specimens  liad  the  ground  color  of  the  wing  more  broken  up  with 
reddish,  recalling  D.  medituta.] 

t  modesta  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  144. 

(Page  14.) 

*  POLIA  Bubn.  (180G). 

t  pcrquiritata  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  136. 
t  speciosa  %  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  137. 
f  coiifragosa  Morr.,  1.  c,  138. 

*HADENA  ScJirank. 

*lateritia  {Uufn.) ;  Mamestra  duhitans,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  232. 

[Note. — Mr.  Meske  has  sent  me  a  specimen  with  the  information  that 
Dr.  Speyer  considers  our  species  identical  with  the  European.] 

spntatrix  Grote;  Had.  sputator  Grote,  List,  p.  15,  line  13. 

congermaua  Morr.,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  106. 

delicata  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Sept.,  1874. 

flava  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Sept.,  1874. 

t*OCulea  {Linn.);  Wallengren,  W.  E.  M.,  7,  75  (California). 

yersicolor  Grote,  Proc  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  204. 

tracta  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  204. 

tvulg'ivag^a  Morr.,  Proc  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  144. 

HOMOHADENA  Grote. 

kappa  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Sept.,  1874. 
f  retroversa  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  157. 

(Page  18.) 
TBICHOLITA  Grote. 

Type :  Hydroecia  semiaperta  Morr. 
seiuiaperta  {Morr),  Can.  Ent.  6, 105  {Hydroecia). 


216 

*GORTYNA  Hubn.ilSOQ). 

Type :  Noctua  micacea  Esper. 

S.  g.  *APAMEA  OcAs.  (1816). 

Type :  Noctua  nictitaus  Linn. 

purpuripennis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  208. 

seni  {G.  &  R.),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  1,  345,  PI.  7,  fig.  55  {Hydroecia) ; 

Grote  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  206  {Apamea). 
t  Salicarum  {Barnston),  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  717  {Hydroecia). 
*  nictitaus  (Linn.);  Guen.  Noct.  1,  p.  127  {Uydroecia). 
Tar.  erythrostigma  {Haworth). 

S.  g.  *GORTTNA  Huhn.  (1806). 

Type :  Noctua  micacea  Esper. 

inquaesita  G.  <&  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  S.,  1,  344. 

[Note. — From  Massachusetts,  Prof.  Peabody,  Mr.  Thaxter ;  sometimes  the 
spots  are  partly  white  on  primaries.] 

purpurifascia  G.  &  R.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1,  341. 

[Note. — From  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Thaxter,  No.  962;  the  species  has  no 
clypeal  horn,  and  my  former  reference  of  this  species  as  congeneric  with  the 
European  Jlavago,  is  based  on  an  erroneous  identification  of  the  Californian 
species  as  identical  with  purpurifascia  G.  &  R.] 

cenissata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  2,  431,  PI.  9,  fig.  1. 
limpida  Guen.,  Noct.  1,  p.  124. 

[Note. — I  have  been  too  hasty  in  considering  the  above  two  species  as  syn- 
onymous. I  have  now  a  species  which  agrees  with  Guenee's  description  in 
wanting  the  basal  white  marks  on  primaries,  and  is  smaller  and  more  red  than 
cerussata^ 

cerina  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  200. 

(Page  19.) 

*OCimiA  Z?w&«.  (181G). 

Type :  Noctua  flavago  Linn. 

sauzalitae  Grote  ;  purpurifascia  X  Grote  (nee  G.  <fc  R.)  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  S., 
1,  142.     California. 

[Note. — The  Californian  species  (Mr.  Edwards,  No.  187,  Mr.  Behrens, 
No.  161,  Sept.  17)  differs  generically  by  the  distinct  clypeal  tubercle,  and  is 
the  only  American  species  known  to  ine  that  is  to  be  referred  to  Gortyna  of 
Lederer  (OcJiria  Hiibner).  The  Californian  species  resembles  purpurifascia, 
for  which  I  have  formerly  mistaken  it  in  the  "  List,"  but  differs  by  the  t.  p. 


217 

line  being  less  rigid  ami  .soincwhiit  outwardly  bent  opposite  the  cell.  No 
specimens  of  purpiwifascia  were  accessible  to  nm  on  the  occasion  of  my  first 
determination.  The  spots  are  variably  white  or  yellow.  The  species  may  be 
easily  sei)arated  on  its  structural  characters.  It  is  another  instance  of  special 
resemblance  between  the  Californian  and  European  faunae.] 

(Page  21.) 

PTEROSCTA  Morr. 

Type :  Pteroscia  atrata  Morr. 

atrata  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  156. 
[Note. — I  regard  the  genus  as  related  to  Ufeus  Grate.] 

(Page  22.) 

*SEGETIA  Boisd. 

\  fldicularia  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  145.     New  York. 
(?)  fabrefacta  Morr.,  1.  c,  146.     Eastern  States  to  Alabama. 

*  PYROPHILA  Eubn. 

t  glabella  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  153. 

(Page  23.) 

*GRAPHIPHORA  Uubn.  (ISOG). 

Type :  Noctua  gothica  Linn. 

capsella  {Grote),  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  p.  201  {Taeniocampa). 

oviduca  (Guen.),  Noct.  1,  357  {Taeniocampa). 

+  styracis  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  357  {Taeniocampa). 

f  liibisci  {Guen.),  Noct.  1,  357  {Taeniocampa). 

*inccrta  {Hiifn.);  T/ie/i.  «/ia  Guen.,  Noct.  1, 354 ;  instabilis  Fitch, Tr&ns.'S.Y . 

Agr.  Soc,  16,  343. 
pacilica  {Uarvey),  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  S.,  2,  120  (Calif.;  an  spec,  praec.?). 
t  modiflca  {Morr.),  Proe.  Bost.  S.  N.  Hist.,  150  {Taeniocampa). 
t  intractata  {Morr.),  1.  c,  160  {Taeniocampa). 
tcoiillueiis  {Morr.),  1.  c,  159  {Taeniocampa). 
\  eariiia  {Morr.),  1.  c,  158  {Taeniocampa). 

[Note. — This  genus  must  replace  "  Taeniocampa  "  in  the  List.] 

PSEUDORTHOSIA  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Ps.  variabilis  Grote. 

variabilis  Grote,  Bull.  Buff  S.  N.  S.,  2,  161 ;  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  207. 

California. 
pectinata  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  207.     Colorado  Territory. 

BUL.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (2S)  JANUAnT,    1875. 


218 

HIMELLA  Grote  {1874). 

Type  :  Himella  fidelis  Grote. 

fidelis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Pliil.,  1874,  201.     New  York. 

furfurata  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  201.     New  York ;  California. 

(Page  25.) 
*ORTHOSIA  Gchs. 

t  minuscula  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  11.,  147. 
t  baliola  Morr.,  1.  c,  p.  148. 
t  Belan^eri  Morr.,  1.  c,  p.  149. 

*GLAEA  Uubn. 

t  pastillicans  Morr.,  1.  c,  151. 

(Page  26.) 

*  SCOPELOSOMA  Curtis. 

deyia  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  209. 
t  napaea  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  152. 

(Page  27.) 

*CALOCAMPA  Steph. 

Type  :  Axylia  vetusta  Uubn. 

nupera  Lintn.,  Bull.  Buff.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  188. 
Cineritia  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  210. 

curvimacula  Morr.,  Bull.  Buff.  S.  N.  S.,2, 191.     Canada,  Eastern  and  Middle 
States. 

*  LITHOMIA  Huhn.  (181G). 

Type  :  Lithomia  solidaginis  Huhn. 

germana  {Morr.),  Bui.  Buff.  S.  N.  S.,2, 193  (Calocampa) ;  Grote,  1.  c,  198(Zi<A- 
omia).    Eastern  States  ;  New  York. 
[Note. — These  two  genera  and   four  species  must  replace  the  two  European 
species  erroneously  cited  as  North  American  on  page  27  of  the  "  List  "  under 
"  Calocampa."] 

(Page  28.) 
*CUCULLIA  Schrank. 

serraticoriiis  Lintn.,  26  Ann.  Rep.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.,  174;    C.  matricariae 
Behr.  in  Streck.  Lep. 

[Note. — The  descriptions  of   Noctuidae  in  Mr.  Strecker's  publication,  are 
totally  irrecognizable  when  unaccompanied  by  Plates.     No  structural  or  im- 


219 

portaiit  specific  chnrncters  are  given,  while  no  dependence  can  be  placed  on 
the  generic  references  in  cases  at  all  diHicult.  The  present  identification  has 
been  made  by  Mr.  Lintner  on  a  comparison  with  Mr.  Strecker's  specimen.] 

(Page  30.) 

*PLUSIA  Iliibn.  (ISOG). 

Type  :  Xoctua  chrysitis  Linn. 

cpiyaea  0)ote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  208. 
labrosa  Grotc,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  207. 
t  *devcrgens  {Ilubn.);  Mcisch.,  Stett.  Eut.  Zeit.,  1874,  317. 

(Page  31.) 
*ANARTA  Ochs.  {1816). 

t  Zctterstcdtii  {Staud.) ;  Mosch.,  Stett.  Eut.  Zeit.,  1874,  317. 

(Page  35.) 
*PYRRHIA  Ilubn. 

anarnlata  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  (Sept.,  1874). 
illiterata  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  211. 

TAMILA  Guen. 

tertia  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  lS74,  212. 

[Note. — To  this  genus  both  Tricopis  and  Euleucyptera  are  strongly  related, 
and  they  should  perhaps  not  be  separated  from  it.  From  Heliothis  and  Meli- 
cleptrin,  the  three  genera  differ  by  the  admixture  of  flattened  scales  on  the 
thorax.  Heliothis,  as  used  in  the  "  List,"  wants  the  extruded  oviduct.  I  have 
recently  been  able  to  examine  a  specimen  of  E.  cumntilis,  through  the  kindness 
of  Prof.  Snow.  From  my  figure  the  specimen  merely  differed  by  an  increased 
size  and  the  obsolescence  of  the  discal  spots  above.  The  short  fore  tibiae  have 
a  stout,  rather  short  and  blunt  claw  on  the  inside,  and  two  only  on  the  outside, 
not  a  decreasing  series  as  in  Tricopis.  The  shape  of  the  wings  resembles 
Tricopis.  My  original  description  giving  unarmed  fore  tibiae  to  Euleucyptera, 
must  be  corrected.] 

[Note. — The  following  is  an  attempt,  with  the  scanty  material  at  my  dis- 
posal, to  classify  the  North  American  species  allied  to  Heliothis. 

Thoracic  vestiture  composed  of  flattened  scales  sparsely  mixed  with  hair,  1. 
Thoracic  vestiture  entirely  hairy,  2. 

1.  Fore  wings  pointed  at  apices,  with  full  costal  edge ;  fore  tibiae  with  a 
row  of  three  stout,  outer  claws,  and  a  longer  inner  terminal  claw ;  eyes  full ; 
tibiae  spinose ;  fore  wings  satiny  wliite,  divided  medially  by  a  honey-brown 
fascia TricopiiS  cliryselliis  Grote. 


220 

Fore  wings  produced  at  apices,  with  straight  or  sliglitly  depressed  costa; 
fore  tibiae  with  two  outer  subequal  stout,  rather  short  claws,  and  a  longer 
inner  terminal  one ;  eyes  full ;  tibiae  spinose  ;  fore  wings  with  satiny  white 
median  space,  defined  by  the  median  lines. .  .Euleucyptera  cnmatilis  Grote. 

Fore  wings  produced  at  apices,  with  straight  or  slightly  depressed  costa ; 
fore  tibiae  with  a  row  of  three  stout  outer  and  a  longer  inner  terminal  claw  ; 
eyes  full ;  tibiae  spinose ;  fore  wings  white,  not  satiny,  with  brown  and  greenish 
shadings,  and  the  usual  lines  and  spots,  somewhat  like  the  ornamentation  of 
Tar  ache Tamila,  with  three  species,  nnndiiia,  Meadi,  and  tertia. 

2.  Fore  wings  Avith  depressed  costa  and  produced  apices,  purple  with  an 
oblique  central  ocher  shade ;  hind  wings  black  ;  eyes  constricted ;  fore  tibiae 
with  a  longer  inner  terminal  claw,  double  at  base,  and  a  single  shorter  outer 

claw ;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose  ;  size  small ;  very  hirsute 

Helioloiiclie  modicella  GroU. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the  fuller  eyes.  The  fore  tibiae  have  two 
long  subequal  inner  claws,  and  a  series  of  three  outer  claws  or  stout  spines. 

Fore  wings  ocher,  with  oblique  shades ;  hind  wings  black 

Heliopliaua  mitis  Grote. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  by  the  fore  wings  being  more  widened  outwardly, 
and  by  the  inner  claw  to  the  fore  tibiae  being  single.  Fore  wings  pale  clay 
color  with  two  vinous  purple  lines,  the  inner  arcuate,  the  outer  sub-sinuate. 
Basal  and  terminal  spaces  somewhat  olivaceous,  as  is  the  thorax  and  head. 
Costa  shaded  with  vinous  purple  as  are  the  fringes.  Hind  wings  black  with 
a  broad  white  band.  Abdomen  black,  pale  at  tip.  Beneath  pale  with  blackish 
shades  at  the  base  and  before  internal  angles  of  the  wings.  Expanse,  14  mm.; 
California Heliosea  pictipeiiiiis  n.  s. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  by  the  wnder  fore  wings,  in  shape  more  like  the 
succeeding  genus.  Eyes  constricted.  Fore  tibiae  with  a  longer  inner  and 
two  outer  claws.     Middle  and  hind  tibiae  spinose.     Primaries  stained  with 

brilliant  purple  with  blue  shaded  median  lines 

Adonisea  pulchripeiiiiis  Grote. 

The  eyes  are  full.  The  fore  wings  of  the  usual  shape  crossed  by  two  more 
or  less  evident  median  lines.  The  fore  tibiae  have  a  series  of  three  outer 
claws  or  spines,  a  single  inner  longer  terminal  claw,  succeeded  by  a  row  of 
slender  spines.  The  species  are  numerous,  and  I  refer  them  all  to  LygTaii- 
thoecia  G.  &  B.  They  are  bina,  lynx,  brevis,  atrites,  aroifera,  Sprag'uei, 
Packard!,  mortiia,  jag-uarina,  luarginata,  Thoreaui,  saturata. 

The  eyes  constricted.     The  fore  tibiae  without  claws,  but  with  terminal 

spines.     Wings  wide;  hind  wings  without  maculation 

Melaporphyiia  iiinnortiia  Grote. 

The  remaining  species  in  my  List  are  left  under  Meliclcptria,  and  tempo- 
rarily regarded  as  congeneric  with  the  European  M.  cardui.  The  material  at 
my  present  disposal  is  insufficient  to  determine  the  matter.  The  species  are 
Western.     One  (tubercidum)  I  do  not  know  at  all ;  of  another  {cekris),  I  have 


221 

seen  but  one  specimen  which  cannot,  I  believe,  remain  associated  with  the  rest. 
Spinosne  should  be  referred  back  to  HcIiotlliS)  which  wants  the  clawa  of 
Li/granthoecia  and  the  other  genera,  and  has  the  ovipositor  concealed.] 

(Page  37.) 
*EUSTKOTIA  Ilubn. 
obiiiirata  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  II.,  154. 

*PR0T11Y31IA  Hubn.  (1816). 

Type  :  Prothymia  aenea  Iluhn.  non  S.  V. 

semiflava  {Gue?i.),  Noct.  2,  p.  241  {Xanthoptera). 

cocciueifascia  {Grote),  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  4, 291.  PL  1,  fig.  89  {Xanthoptera) ; 

Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  154  (Prothymia). 
ro.salba  (Orote),  1.  c,  295,  PI.  1,  fig.  88  {Xanthoptera). 

XANTHOPTERA  Guen. 

Type  :  Xanth.  nigrofimbria  Guen. 
nigroflmhria  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  241,  PI.  10,  fig.  12. 

EXYRA  Grote  (1875). 

Type :  Xanthoptera  semicrocea  Guen. 

semicrocea  {Guen.),  Noct.  2,  241  {Xanthoptera). 

Ridiiigsii  {Riley),  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  1874,  240  {Xanthoptera) ; 

Xanth.  nigrocaput  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  152. 
fax  {Grote),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  295. 

(Page  39.) 

PSEUDOLIMACODES  Grote  (1874). 

Type  :  Ps.  niveicostatus  Grote. 

iiiveicostatiis  Grote,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874, 212.     New 
York  ;  Massachusetts. 

(Page  41.) 
*CATOCALA  Schrank. 

communis  Grote;  C.  neogamaX  Guen.,  Noct.  3,  9G. 
neogama  {Abb.  &  Sin),  lus.  Ga.,  88  {Phalaena). 

[Note. — Specimens  recently  received  from  Texas  have  brigher  yellow  hind 
wings,  as  figured  by  Abbot.  The  northern  species  has  them  of  a  butl"  yellow, 
as  described  bv  Gueni'e  who  notices  the  difference.] 


222 

Aliolibah  Strecker,  Lep.,  PL  9,  fig.  5. 

[Note. — California ;  appears  nearly  allied  to  C.  marmorata.] 
simiilatilis  Grotc,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  (Sept.,  1874). 

[Note. — Ohio;  allied  to  C.  obscura.l 

Levettei  Orotc,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  (Sept.,  1874) ;  C.  Judith  Streck.,  Lep., 
Plate  11,  fig.  5. 

[Note. — Indiana ;  allied  to  C.  BobinsonL] 
adoptiva  Orote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc;  C.  Delilah  Strecker,  PI.  11,  fig.  7. 

[Note. — Texas  ;  allied  to  C.  innubens.] 
coelebs  Grotc,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Sept,,  1874. 

[Note. — Canada;  allied  to  C.  consoi's.] 

Anna  Orote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc.  (Sept.,  1874) ;    C.  Amestris  Strecker,  PI. 

11,  fig.  6. 
t  Sappho  Streck.,  Plate  11,  fig.  4  [Texas]. 
t  A^rippiiia  Streck.,  Plate  11,  figs.  1-8. 

[Note. — Texas  ;  apparently  near  lacJirymosa.] 

f  Aholali  Streck.,  Plate  11,  fig.  8. 

[Note. — Texas;  tliis  if  distinct  and  not  C.  formula,  would  be  the  species 
figured  on  the  same  Plate  with  Ama.na,  as  the  female,  in  Abbot  and  Smith.] 

[Note. — The  earliest  date  on  which  I  can  find  that  any  copy  of  Mr.  Strecker's 
Number  11  was  received,  is  Nov.  12,  1874.  His  date  of  "August"  can  have  no 
relation  in  fact  to  a  question  of  'priority.] 

illecta   Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  205  ;  Grote,  Catoc.  N.  Am.  No.  37,  p.  13  ;  C.  Magdaleim 

Strecker,  Plate  11,  fig.  9. 
niiptialis   Walk.,  C.  B.  M.,  1206  ;  C.  Myrrha  Streck.,  Plate  11,  fig.  12. 

[Note. — This  is  a  south-western  species  which  I  have  received  also  from 
Missouri.  C.  ahbreviatella  may  be  a  form  of  this  species;  C.  nuptialis {Myrrha 
Streck.)  differs  by  the  reniform  which  is  "  black,  curved,  subpyriform,"  as 
Mr.  Walker  describes  it,  Avhile  annulate  with  a  black  dot  inferiorly  in  ahbre- 
viatella. There  appear  to  be  also  other  differences  in  the  form  of  the  trans- 
verse lines.  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  re-examining  my  types  in 
Coll.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Mr.  Dodge's  C.  Whitneyi  is  a  distinct  but  allied  species. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  Mr.  Strecker  should  republish  two  "old  "  species  under 
new  names.] 

IVhitneyi  Dodge,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  125. 

f  Mariana  Hy.  Edw.,  Streck.,  No.  11,  p.  99  [Vancouver]. 

t  Hippolita  By.  Edw.,  Streck.,  No.  11,  p.  99  [California]. 

t  Cleopatra  Uy.  Edw.,  Streck.,  No.  11,  p.  99  [California]. 

fliUoiaiia  Ily.  Edw.,  Streck.,  No.  11,  p.  99  [Colorado]. 

f  Pordita  Ily.  Edw.,  Streck.,  No.  11,  p.  100  [California;  adultera?]. 

I  .Vtarall  Streck.,  Phite  11,  figs.  10,  11  [Texas;  viinuta?]. 


22.'3 

[Note. — In  my  last  list  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1874)  I  enumerated  seventy- 
three  North  American  species  of  C'atocuhi.  Th*;  niinil)cr  now  is  apparently 
eighty-three.] 

(Page  46.) 

HOMOPYRALIS  Grote  (1874). 

Type:  Horn,  tactus  Orote. 

tact  us  arote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  213. 
tautillus  Grote,\.  c.,214. 

(Page  49.) 

*  SALIA  Huln.  (180G). 

Type:  Pyralis  salicalis   W.  V. 

iiiteriniiiota  {Grote),  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  4,  pp.  93  and  309  (Madopa  and 
Colobochila) ;   Col.  saligna  Zell.  Verh.  Z.-b.  G.,  S.  462.     Southern  States. 

[Note. — This  genus  should  replace  "  Colobochila"  in  the  "  List."] 


ERRATUM. 

Page  211,  line  28,  for  "Prof.  Snow"  read  "Prof.  S.  H.  Peabody." 


224 


XVII!.    Check  List  of  North  American  Sphinges 

BY  A.  R.  GROTE. 

I  Read  Ijefore  this  Society,  January  8,  1875.J 

SPHINGES  Linn,  restr. 

CAUDIBERBES  Boikh. 

HEMARIS  Balm. 

1.  Thetis  (Boisd.)  Grote.    California. 

2.  palpalis  Grote.^     California. 

3.  iQnwH  Grote.     New  York;  Ohio  ;  Wisconsin. 

Macroglossa  fumosa  Strecker. 

4.  dittinis  (i?OTSfZ.)   Grote.     Canada ;  New  York  ;   Massachusetts. 

5.  margiualis  Grote.     Michigan  ;  Ohio  ;  Indiana. 

6.  iiy.\\\iiY\%  {G.&R.)  Grote.    Texas. 

HAEMORRHAGIA  G.  &  R. 

7.  gracilis  G.  &  R.    New  York ;  Massachusetts. 

8.  BiiflFaloeiisis  (7.  cfc  i2.    New  York. 

9.  iiuiformis  {G.  &  R.)  Grote.    Anticosti ;  New  York. 

10.  Floridensis  G.  &  R.    Florida. 

11.  Tliysbe  {Fabr.)  G.  &  R.    Massachusetts;  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

Sphinx  pelasg us  Cramer. 

?  Sesia  cimhiciformis  Stephens. 

?  Sesia  ruficaudis  Kirby. 

1 2.  f  f uscicaudis  ( Walk.)  G.  &  R.    Georgia. 

AELLOPOS  Hiibn. 

13.  Titan  (Cram.)  Ilubn.    Ohio  ;  New  York  ;  Massachusetts  ;  Texas. 

Macroglossum  annulosum  Swains. 
Macroglossa  halteata  Kirtl. 

14.  Tantalns  {Linn.)  E'dbn.     Texas. 

Sphinx  zonata  Drury. 

'Regarding  this  species  Mr.  Ily.  Edwards  writes  me:  "The  specimen  marked  "Gilroy," 
collected  by  Mr.  Crotch,  was  not  taken  ia  British  Columbia,  but  at  Gilroy,  Santa  Clara  County, 
California;  about  80  miles  south  of  San  Francisco.  I  remember  the  specimen  perfectly,  and 
told  Crotch  that  it  was  a  new  species.  I  think  I  have  a  species  not  yet  noticed.  Yonr  palpalis 
is  undoubtedly  distinct."' 


225 

EUPIIOSERPINUS  O.  it-  il. 

15.  I'hactoii  O.  ct-  R.     California. 

Macroglossa  Erato  Boisd. 

ARCTOXOTUS£ot«d. 

16.  liU'ulus  ZJfisfi.     California. 

LEPISESIA  Orote. 

17.  flavofasciata  (i?arns^.)  (?TO^e.    Canada. 

PROSERPINUS  Ilubn. 

18.  Clarkiae  {BoM.)  Clem.        California. 

Lepisemi.  Victoria  Qrote.^ 

19.  Gaurae  {Abb.  &  Sm.)  Clem.    Georgia. 

AMPHION  Ililbn. 

20.  Nessus  {Crnm.)  Ilabn.     New  York  ;  Canada ;  Mass.;  Penn. 

THYREUS  Swains. 

21.  Abbotii  Swains.     Massachusetts;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

EXYO  Biibn. 

22.  lugubris  (Linn.)  Walk.    Georgia ;  Alabama ;  Texas. 

DEIDAMIA  Clem. 

23.  inscripta  (Ilarr.)  Clem.    Massacliusetts;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 


EUMORPHAE  Ilubn. 

HYLES  Eilbn. 

24.  Chamaenerii  (Harr.)  Grote.    Canada;  Massacliusetts;  Pennsylvania. 

Sphinx  epilohii  Ilarr. 
Deilephila  galii  X  Walk. 
?  Deilephila  intermedia  Kirby. 
?  Deilephila  oxybaphi  Clem. 

DEILEPHILA  Ochs. 

25.  lineata  {Fabr.)  Harr.    Canada ;  California  ;  Mass.;  Georgia ;  Texas. 

Spliinx  daucus  Cram. 

'From  a  fresh  specimen  received  from  Mr.  Hy.  Edwarda  I  find  that  my  description  is  based 
on  a  faded  specimen  of  this  species.  I  believe  our  two  N.  American  species  to  differ  generically 
by  the  shorter  body  parts  and  nou-excavate  wings. 

BUL.   BUF.  see.  NAT.   SCI.  (29)  JANUAUY,   1875. 


226 

DUPO  niihn. 

26.  Vitis  ^  {Linn)  Orote.     Massachusetts  :   Penusylvania  ;  Soutliern  States. 

Sphinx  fasciatus  Sulzer. 
Dupo  jnssieuae  Hiibn. 

27.  Liiinei  (G.  c6  E.)  Grote.    Alabama. 

Sphinx  vitis'\.  Cram.  (268.^). 

PHILAMPELUS  Earr. 

28.  Pandorns  (flwZ'/i.)  Walk.     Massacliu setts;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Phil,  satellitia  |  Harr. 
Phil,  ampelophaga  Boisd. 

29.  Achemon  {Drury)  Harr.    Mass.;  New  York;  Penn.;  Soutliern  States. 

Sphinx  Grantor  Cram. 

AKGEUS  Hiihn. 

30.  Labruscae  {Linn?)  Eubn.    New  Jersey  ;  Missouri. 

PACHYLIA  Walk. 

31.  Ficus  {Linn)  Walk.    Key  West,  Florida. 

32.  t  Lyncea  Cle7n.    Texas. 

METOPSILUS  Dune. 

33.  Tersa  {Linn)  Dune.    Canada  to  Texas. 

34.  t  Procne  {Clem)    California. 

DARAPSA  Walk. 

35.  Choerilns  {Cram)  Walk.    Mass.;  Kansas  ;  New  York  ;  Southern  States. 

Sphinx  Azaleae  Abb.  &  Sm. 

36.  versicolor  {Harr)  Clem.    Massachusetts  ;  New  York  ;  Ohio. 

37.  Myron  (Craw.)  Walk.    Canada;  New  York  ;  Mass.;  Southern  States. 

Sphinx  pampinatrix  Abb.  &  Sm. 
var.    Cnotus  {Hnbn).     Southern  States. 

PHALAENOIDES  Borkh. 

PAONIAS  Hiihi. 

38.  excAecSitm  {Abb.  <&  Sm)  Hubn.    Canada;   Mass.;   New  York;    S.  States. 

Paonias  pavoninus  Geyer. 

39.  Myops  {Abb.  &  Sm)  Hiibn.     New  York  ;  Mass.;  Southern  States. 

Smerinthus  rosaeaearum  Boisd. 


»In  bis  description  of  vi/is  Linn6  refers  to  Merian  Ins.  Sur.,  Tab.  47.  On  tliis  plate  the  top 
figure  (the  male  according  to  Merian)  in  the  colored  copies  has  the  terminal  baud  pink  on  the 
hind  wings,  and  this  is  decisive  as  to  what  species  is  intended,  and  obviates  any  necessity  for 
criticism  on  Linn6's  diagnosis.  The  lower  figure  neither  represents  vilis  nor  Linnet,  but  prob- 
ably satellitia. 


227 

C ALA SY. II BOLUS  Qrote. 

40.  Astyliis  (Drun/)  Orote.    Masaachiisetts  ;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

Sphinx  To  Boisd. 

Smerinthus  integerrima  Harr. 

SMEKINTHUS  Latr. 

41.  ophtlialmicus  Boisd.    California. 

42.  jreiniiiatiis  Say.     Canada;  Massachusetts;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

43.  Cerisii  Kirhy.     Hudson  Bay  Territory. 

AMOKPHA  Huhn. 

44.  modesta  (Ilarr.)  Grote.    Canada  ;  Massachusetts ;  New  York. 

Smerinthus  princeps'^  Walk. 

CRESSOMA  G.  db  R. 

45.  ju^landis  {Abb.  &  Sm.)  G.  &  R.    Canada  to  Southern  States. 

SmerintJius  pallens  Strecker. 


MANDUCAE  Huhn. 

CERATOMIA  Harr. 

4C.     Amyntor  (Hiibn.)  G.  cfc  B.     Canada  ;  Mass.;  Penn.;  Mich. 
Cemtomia  qiiadricornis  Ilarr. 

47.  Hageni  Grote.    Texas. 

DAREMMA  Walk. 

48.  xiudulosa   Walk.     Connecticut;  Massachusetts;  New  York ;  Penn. 

Sphinx  Brontes  %  Boisd. 
Ceratomia  repentinus  Clem. 

DILUDIA  G.&B. 

49.  Jasiuineariim  (i?OTsd)  G^.  c6  i?.    New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

50.  t  leiicophaeata  Cletn.    Texas. 

AMPHONYX  Poey. 

51.  Antaeus  {Drury)  Poey.    Key  West,  Florida. 

MACROSILA  Walk. 

52.  riistica  {Fabr.)  Walk.    Pennsylvania ;  Virginia  ;  Southern  States. 

53.  Carolina  (Linn.)  Clem.     Massachusetts  to  Cuba. 

54.  quiuquemaculata  {Haw)  Clem.    Canada  to  Middle  States. 

Phlegothontes  Celeus  Hiibn. 

55.  cingulata  {Fabr.)  Clem.    New  York  to  Cuba. 

♦Amorpha  Hubn.,  1806,  has  priority  for  this  genus,  of  which  the  type  is  the  European 
A.  populi.  Fiibricius"  modesta,  Ent.  Syst.,  356,  No.  4,  appears  to  be  a  re-description  of  Timesius 
Stall. 


228 

SPHINX^  Linn. 

66.  Drupiferarum  Abb.  &  Sm.     Canada  to  Southern  States. 
57.     Kalmiae  Abb.  &  Sm.     Canada  to  Southern  States. 

68.  Chersis  (HUbn.)  O.  &  R.     Canada  to  Pennsylvania. 

SpMnx  cinerea  Harr. 

69.  t  pereleg'ans  Hy.  Edw.     California. 

60.  t  oreodaphne  Hy.  Edw.     California. 

61.  t  Vaucouvereiisis  Hy.  Edw.    California. 

LETHIA  Hub7i. 

62.  Gordius  (Cram.)  H'ubn.     Canada;  New  York  ;  Pennsylvania. 

63.  luscitiosa  (Glem.)  Orote.     Massachusetts;  New  York;  Wisconsin. 

AGRIUS  Hiibn. 

64.  ereinitus  Hubn.     Massachusetts;  New  York  ;  Wisconsin. 

Sphinx  poecilia  Steph. 
Sphinx  sordida  Harr. 

65.  Ing'ens    Walk.     Missouri;  Arizona;  Texas. 

Sphinx  eremitoides  Strecker. 

DOLBA  Walk. 
68.     Hylaeus  (Z>rM?'^)  Walk.     Mass.;  Missouri;  Ohio;  Southern  States. 

DILOPHONOTA  Burm. 

67.  Ello  {Linn.)  Burm.     New  York  ;  Pennsylvania  ;  Southern  States. 

68.  obscura  {Fabr.)  O.  &  li.    Pennsylvania. 

HTLOICUS  Bichn. 

69.  plebeius  (Fabr.)  Orote.    Massachusetts;  New  York;  Pennsylvania. 

70.  t  Sequoiae  (Boisd.).     California. 

71.  +  Strobi  (jBowd.).     California.? 

LAPARA   Walk. 

72.  Coniferarum  {Abb.  &  Sm.)    Southern  States. 

73.  bombycoides   Walk.     Canada;  Massachusetts;  New  York. 

Ellema  Harrisii  Clem. 

74.  Pineiim  {Lintn.).     New  York.« 

'  According  to  Borkhausen,  Rosel  first  applied  this  name  to  the  larva  of  the  type  of  the  genus, 
the  European  Sphinx  liguslri. 

'  Of  these  seventy-four  species,  one  (S/.robi)  may  be  erroneously  attributed  to  our  Territory. 
There  is  probably  an  undescribed  species  of  Sphinx  to  be  re-discovered  in  the  Southern  States, 
judging  from  a  drawing  of  Abbot's  which  I  saw  in  the  British  Museum,  and  to  which  reference 
is  perhaps  made  in  Harris'  correspondence,  p.  137.  From  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards'  letters  we  may 
expect  the  description  of  a  new  Hemaris  from  California.  We  can  tluis  be  sure  of  at  least 
seventy-five  species  of  this  family  from  North  America,  north  of  Mexico  and  the  West  India 
Islands. 


2-[) 


IX.    North  American  Pyralides 

BY    A.    R.    GKOTE. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  January  32, 1875. J 

Asopia  devialis,  n.  s. 

2  . — About  the  size  of  oUnalis.  The  color  is  pale,  not  so  reddish  or  purplish 
as  usual  and  the  fringes  are  not  golden  or  yellow.  As  my  specimen  is  not 
fresh,  the  tints  are  not  to  be  exactly  ascertained,  but  the  tone  is  evidently  more 
brownish  and  less  reddish  on  the  darker  fields  of  the  wing,  while  the  second- 
aries are  pale  and  more  transparent  than  usual ;  the  general  tint  is  ochery. 
But  this  species  is  at  once  to  be  distinguished  from  all  the  four  hitherto  de- 
scribed N.  A.  species,  viz.:  cortalis,  olinalis  (=  trentonnlis),  Jiimonialis,  and 
hinodulalis,  by  the  shape  of  the  transverse  lines.  These  are  darker  than  the 
wing,  not  jmler  as  is  usual,  on  the  primaries  springing  from  costal  ochery 
blotches,  their  relative  position  being  much  as  in  olinalis.  But  the  exterior 
line  on  the  fore  wings  is  evenly  and  shortly  dentate  below  the  costal  blotch 
and  the  interior  line  is  inwardly  excavate  between  the  median  nervure  and 
vein  1.  The  dentations  of  the  exterior  line  are  four  or  five  in  number  and  are 
discontinued  below  the  s.  m.  fold.  On  the  hind  wings  the  dark  lines  are  less 
sinuate  than  in  olinalis.    Beneath  pale,  testaceous,  shining,  the  lines  faint. 

Expanse,  14  m.  in.     Hahitat,  Quebec  (F.  X.  Belanger,  No.  72). 

Asopia  sqnaiiiealis. 

Pseudasopia  squamealis  Grote,  Bull.,  Vol.  1,  p.  172. 

I  have  been  led,  by  the  discovery  of  ocelli  in  an  allied  species  de- 
scribed below,  to  denude  a  specimen  of  this  species  and  I  cannot  find 
any  trace  of  ocelli,  so  that  the  character  I  have  given  the  genus  is 
erroneous  and  the  species  must  be  referred  as  above.  It  appears  to 
me  to  fall  in  between  the  common  farinalis  and  the  species  repre- 
sented by  cosialis,  olinalis,  etc. 

Art  a,  n.  g. 

This  species  is  snuill,  of  the  si/.e  of  Condtjlolomin  participinlis.  The  orna- 
mentation is  like  Asopia  ;  two  yellow  median  lines  cross  the  vinous  primaries. 
The  ocelli  are  present.  The  maxillae  are  moderate,  scaled,  concealed  by  the 
somewhat  dependent  jialpi.  The  fori;  wings  are  rather  narrower,  the  external 
margin  straighter  than  in  Asopia.     The  antennae  are  simple. 


230 

The  uenration  has  not  been  studied  as  yet.  I  commuQicated  the 
insect  under  the  specific  name  here  retained  for  it,  as  a  species  of 
Asopia,  to  Prof.  Zeller,  who  had  not  previously  seen  the  species. 
The  presence  of  ocelli  will  not  allow  of  its  being  placed  with  that 
genus. 

Aria  statalis,  n.  s. 

$  2  . — In  this  small  species  tlie  ocelli  are  difficult  of  detection  owing  to  the 
scales  of  the  head.  I  have  satisfied  mj-self  of  their  presence  behind  the  anten- 
nae. The  fore  wings  are  silky,  vinous  red  with  darker  fringes,  crossed  by  two 
narrow  yellow  median  lines  approximate,  the  inner  line  incepted  on  costa  at 
about  the  middle  and  running  slightly  inwardly  obliquely,  the  outer  line  a 
little  outwardly  exserted  opposite  the  cell ;  the  lines  are  nearer  together  at 
costa  than  on  internal  margin.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous  with  concolorous 
fringes  and  without  lines.  Beneath  fuscous,  the  costa  tinged  with  red,  more 
or  less  diffused  ;  there  are  traces  of  a  narrow  pale  common  line,  more  evident 
on  the  costae ;  head,  thorax,  abdomen  beneath  and  legs  reddish,  abdomen  above 
paler  ;  the  tibiae  show  a  mixture  of  blackish  scales. 

Expanse,  16  m.  m.     Habitat,  New  York. 

Note. — I  have  recently  been  investigating  the  synonymy  of  the 
Pyralides  of  North  America  with  the  view  of  catalogueing  the  spe- 
cies. I  conclude  that  Lantliaplie  Clemens,  is  identical  with  Tetra- 
lopha  Zeller,  Isis,  1848,  and  that  one  of  the  species  described  by  Zel- 
ler has  been  re-described  by  Lederer  as  Hemimatia  scortialis.  I 
think  the  Brazilian  species  noticed  by  Lederer  are  not  congeneric 
and  that  the  genus  may  be  restricted  to  these.  I  have  not  been  able 
to  verify  these  suggestions  by  the  inspection  of  any  of  Lederer's 
types. 

Botis  Latreille  {1805-Botys). 

The  numerous  North  American  species  show  a  strong  resemblance 
to  those  of  Europe,  so  that  their  description  is  attended  with  diffi- 
culty to  the  student.  I  am  again  indebted  to  Prof.  Zeller  for  his 
kind  assistance  and  advice  in  my  present  notes  on  our  species. 
The  only  species  I  know  that  is  apparently  common  to  both  contin- 
ents is  Treitschke's  Terrealis,  taken  abundantly  by  Mr.  Lintner  in 
the  vicinity  of  Albany. 

Botis  gentilis  Grote. 

This  species  is  one  of  the  commonest  of  the  pale,  testaceous, 
thinly  scaled,  typically  ornamented  species.     It  is  the  Thesealis  of 


231 

Zeller  l)ut  not  of  Lcderer.  It  may  be  recognized  by  the  coiiiieetiun 
of  the  t.  p.  line  with  the  reniform  spot  by  concolorous  brown-gray 
lines. 

Lot  is  fendalis,  n.  s. 

This  species  may  be  recognized  by  its  uniform  dark  testaceous  brown  color 
which  deepens  over  the  costal  region.  The  lines  are  distinct  and  tolerably 
even.  The  anterior  line  arcuate  ;  the  posterior  continuous,  very  inconspicu- 
ously rivulous  or  denticulate,  running  straightly  downwards  from  costa  to 
opposite  the  cell,  roundedly  exserted  over  the  median  nervules  and  running 
inwardly  to  below  the  reniform.  The  ordinary  spots  are  dark,  filled  in,  not 
annulate.  There  is  a  narrow  very  dark  marginal  line  continuous  in  both 
wings.  Hind  wings  with  dot  and  a  distinct  median  line,  continuous,  of  the 
usual,  medially  exserted  form,  slightly  denticulate.  The  terminal  space  on 
both  wings  is  a  little  deeper  toned  and  the  common  line  followed  by  a  faintly 
paler  edging.  Beneath  duller  hued  with  the  reflection  of  the  markings  of 
the  upper  surface.  Body  parts  concolorous.  Palpi  whitish  with  the  terminal 
joint  dark  at  the  sides. 

Expanse,  25  m.  m.     Hahitat,  New  York  ;  Massachusetts. 

Botis  5-linealis,  n.  s. 

Allied  to  the  preceding  but  larger,  paler  tinted,  and  differing  by  the  white 
ventral  surface  of  the  abdomen  and  a  dotting  on  the  upper  surface  of  the 
wings  along  the  terminal  marginal  line.  The  ornamentation  is  similar ;  the 
pale  edging  to  the  common  line  is  more  perceivable  than  in /t'«(Zrt^i«,  somewhat 
whitish,  concolorous  with  the  paler  portion  of  the  discal  field  on  the  second- 
aries. The  anterior  line  is  less  even,  somewhat  exserted  on  sub-costal  vein. 
The  common  line  is  distinctly  dentate  on  the  hind  wings.  Under  surface  of 
wings  whitish,  of  the  body,  white  ;  the  legs  are  white  with  a  brown  mark  on 
the  fore  tibiae.  The  palpi  are  as  in  B.feudalis,  white  with  dark  termihal 
joint.  While  the  tone  is  similar  this  species  is  paler  and  not  so  uniformly 
colored  as  its  ally. 

Expanse,  32  m.  m.     Ihibitat,  New  York  ;  Massachusetts. 

Botis  (Pyrausta)  iiiatronalis,  n.  s. 

3  S  . — This  species  is  allied  to  B.  suhsequalis  Guen.,  and  to  B.  (jenerosa  G. 
&  R.,  and  to  the  European  Aurata.  Larger  and  duller  hued  then  our  two 
species  hitherto  described.  Of  these  generosa  may  be  known  by  the  broad 
bright  yellow  median  fascia  of  the  hind  wings  and  by  its  wanting  any  yellow 
marginal  shade.  The  present  species  resembles  suhsequalis  in  having  a  yellow 
shade  along  external  margin  of  the  secondaries.  The  fore  wings  are  dusky 
brownish,  shaded  with  pale  ocheryon  the  disc  between  the  spots,  outside  of  the 
outer  line  and  along  terminal  nmrgin.  Orbicular  spot  annulated;  reniform  filled 
in.     Outer  line  distinctly  marked  on  costa,  indicated  medially  by  dots  on    the 


232 

m.  nervules  and  strongly  dentate  on  submedian  fold.  The  pale  ocliery  follow- 
ing shade  is  narrow  but  widens  on  costal  region,  following  the  sinuosities  of 
the  line.  The  subterminal  dark  shade  is  medially  extended  along  the  veins 
into  the  ocliery  terminal  shade  which  is  here  broader.  There  is  a  dark  ter- 
minal line  on  both  wings  and  the  fringes  are  dusky.  On  the  hind  wings  there 
is  a  narrow  median  yellow  band  and  the  deep  yellow  color  appears  subcontin- 
uously  and  narrowly  along  the  terminal  margin.  There  are  some  yellow 
scales  on  the  disc  defining  the  discal  dot.  Beneath  more  entirely  yellow,  es- 
pecially the  hind  wings,  with  the  dusky  lines  and  discal  spots  well  defined,  as 
well  as  the  subterminal  shades;  fringes  as  on  upper  surface.  Body,  dusky  ; 
abdomen  subannulate  above  with  yellowish,  beneath  pale  yellowish. 

Expanse,  20  m.  m.  Habitat,  Canada,  Mr.  Wm.  Saunders,  No.  223, 
from  larva. 

Botis  liircinalis,  n.  s. 

This  species  is  allied  to  the  European  B.  opaealis  of  the  Alps,  and  B.  aerealis 
of  the  plains.  It  difl^ers  from  the  former  in  the  width  and  shape  of  the  shade 
band  of  the  primaries.  Fore  wings  bright  olivaceous  over  black,  without 
markings  except  that  the  narrow  pale  ochery  shade  which  follows  the  exterior 
line  is  here  alone  apparent,  comparatively  narrow,  more  sinuous  than  in  opa- 
ealis and  less  diffuse,  showing  that  the  exterior  line  has  a  different  conforma- 
tion in  the  American  species.  Fringes  blackish  with  pale  tips.  Hind  wings 
unicolorous  blackish,  fringes  paler,  whitish  outwardly.  Head  and  collar  deep 
ochery  ;  thorax  olivaceous.  Beneath  pale  ochraceous,  primaries  mostly  dusky  ; 
hind  wings  with  subterminal  and  discal  dusky  shades  not  rayed  as  in  opaealis. 

Expaiise,  22  m.  m.     Ilahitat,  Center,  N.  Y.;  Mr.  0.  Meske. 

Botis  niveicilialisj  n.  s. 

A  blackish  species  allied  to  Mreinalis,  with  pointed  apices  to  the  primaries 
and  snow  white  fringes  to  both  wings.  Fore  wings  concolorous  dusky  black- 
ish, with  the  exterior  line  and  discal  dot  very  feebly  indicated.  The  line  is 
however  followed  on  costal  region  by  a  yellowish  shade  which  becomes  the 
most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  ornamentation  of  the  wing.  Beneath  both 
wings  black  with  a  faint  indication  of  the  costal  shade.  At  the  base  of  the 
fringes  a  faint  yellow  stain  may  be  noted.  Body  blackish  ;  the  abdominal 
segments  very  narrowly  edged  with  pale  ;  beneath  paler,  whitish. 

Expanse,  24  m.  ni.  Ilahitat,  New  York,  Mr.  Lintner  (Prof.  Zel- 
ler.  No.  2). 


2a;i 


XIX.    Synonymic  List  of  the  Butterflies  of  North 
America,  North  of  IVIexico 

BY  SAMUEL  H.  SCUDDER. 
[Read  before  this  Society,  Januari/  23,  1875.] 

Part  I.    NYMPHALES. 

The  following  list  has  been  prepared  to  exhibit  in   tlie  briefest 
possible  manner  the  classilication,  nomenclatnre,  geographical  dis- 
tribution and  larval  food  of  North  American  Butterflies.     It  is  the 
prodromus  of  a  more  extended  catalogue  in  which  the  writer  hopes 
to  include  a  fuller  synonymy  and  especially  a  complete  index  of 
illustrations,  and  which,  through  the  co-operation  of  his  colleague, 
IVIr,  K.  E.  Grote,  Avill  embrace  all  the  Lepidoptera  of  North  America. 
Complete  references,  however,  are  given  here  to  Abbot  and  Smith's 
Insects  of  Georgia,  Boisduval  and   Le  Conte's  Lepidopteres  de  1'- 
Ameriqne  septentrionale.  Say's  American  Entomology  and  Edward's 
Butterflies  of  North  America ;  a  few  brief  notes  are  added  where  it 
seems  desirable,  but  the  aim  has  been  to  eliminate  everything  un- 
essential to  the  points  in  view.     For  the  readier  determination  of 
the  genera,  analytical  tables  have  been  prefixed  to  each  ftimily. 

The  species  are  printed  in  bold  faced  type  and,  Avhere  they  are 
polymorphic,  the  names  which  slionld  be  employed  for  the  different 
forms  are  given  in  capitals,  the  synonyms  in  italics.  The  generic 
name  of  each  reference  always  follows  it  in  parenthesis,  nnless  the 
species  is  referred  by  the  author  to  the  same  genus  as  it  is  in  the 
list;  in  such  case,  the  generic  name  is  omitted. 

Species  not  seen  by  the  writer  from  the  region  included  in  the 
list,  or  unknown  by  illustrations  from  the  same  are  prefixed  by  an 
asterisk. 

My  thanks  are  especially  due  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards,  who  has 
given  me  every  possible  facility  for  studying  the  butterflies  of  his 
unrivalled  collection,  without  which  the  list  would  have  been  much 

BUL.    BIT.   SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (30)  FEBRUARY,   1875. 


234 

less  perfect.  In  preparing  the  tables  of  food  plants  I  have  been 
aided  by  communications  from  Messrs.  Edwards,  Saunders,  Gundlach, 
Riley  and  others,  and  especially  by  the  extensive  notes  of  Dr.  A.  W. 
Chapman.  Any  well  authenticated  additions  to  this  part  of  the 
list  would  be  very  thankfully  received. 
Cambridge,  January  15,  1875. 


Table  foe  the  Determination  of  the  Genera  op  North 
American  Butterflies;  based  upon  the  Structure  and 
Ornamentation  of  the  Wings: 

1.  Antennae  widely  separated  at  their  base,  the  space  between  them  more 
than  equalling  half  the  vertical  diameter  of  the  eye  ;  the  latter  overhung 
by  a  curving  pencil  of  bristly  hairs,  originating  at  the  outer  base  of  the 
antennae (Urbicolae.) 

1.  Antennae  approximate  at  their  base,  the  space  between  them  not  equalling 

lialf  the  vertical  diameter  of  the  eye  ;  the  latter  without  an  overhang- 
ing pencil  of  bristly  hairs 2. 

2.  Foretarsi  of  both  males  and  females  provided  with  a  pair  of  claws  like 

the  other  legs (Papilioiiides.) 

2.  Foretarsi  of  males  always,  of  females  sometimes,  with  but  a  single  median 

or  with  no  apical  claw 3< 

3.  Antennae  not  closely  approximate  at  their  base,  the  space  between  them 

generally  at  least  twice  the  width  of  the  basal  joint,  the  outer  margin 
of  the  latter  infringing  slightly  on  the  eye ;  fore  legs  perfect  in  the 
female (Rurales)  63. 

3.  Antennae  closely  approximate  at  their  base,  the  space  between  them  sel- 

dom surpassing  the  width  of  the  basal  joint ;  the  outer  edge  of  the 
latter  never  infringing  on  the  margin  of  the  eye ;  forelegs  of  the  fe- 
male (as  well  as  of  male)  atrophied (Njraphales)  4. 

4.  Some  of  the  nervures  of  the  fore  wings  swollen  at  the  base* ;  cell  of  hind 

wings  closed (Oreades)  5. 

4.  None  of  the  nervures  of  the  fore  wings  swollen  at  the  base*;  or  if  swol- 

len, the  cell  of  hind  wings  open 16. 

5.  Middle  tibiae  profusely  armed  above  with  long  and  stout  spines 14. 

5.  Middle  tibiae  unarmed  with  spines  on  the  upper  surface,  or  with  but  slight 

short  ones 6. 

6.  Median    nervure  of   fore  wings  greatly  swollen  at  the  base,  halfway  to 

its  first  divarication,  the  swelling  not  decreasing  uniformly  from  the 
base  to  the  divarication 7. 

•Excepting  two  genera  which  may  be  diatinsciiished  from  the  Oreades  by  the  open  cell  of  the 
hind  wings  :  Mestra,  in  which  only  the  costul  vein  of  the  fore  wing  is  swollen  ;  and  Eunice,  iu 
which  both  costal  and  median  veins  arc  about  equally  swolkui. 


235 

6.  Median  nervure  of  fore  wind's  scarcely  swollen  at  the  base,  or  if  swollen, 

decreasing   uniformly  in  size  from  the  base  to  the  first  divarication  of 
the  nervure 1 0» 

7.  Subniedian  vein  greatly  and  abruptly  swollen  at  the  base.  .Coeiioiiyinpha. 

7.  Siibmedian  vein  not  at  all  or  but  slightly  swollen  at  the  base 8. 

8.  Hind  wings  without  ocellate  spots  beneath Meg^istO* 

8.  Hind  wings  furnished  with  ocellate  spots  beneath 9. 

i).     Spots  of  under  surface  of  hind  wings  in  the  lower  subcostal  and  lower 

median  interspaces  equal  and  conspicuously  larger  than  the  rest 

(first  two  species  of)  Cissia. 

9.  Spots  above  mentioned  neither  equal,  nor  larger  than  the  others 

Neonyinpha. 

10.  Eyes  distinctly  pilose 13. 

10.  Eyes  naked  or  very  inconspicuously  pilose. ...    11. 

11.  Club  of  antennae  insensibly  merging  into  the  stalk 12. 

11.  Club  of  antennae  distinct Erebia. 

13.  Basal  half  of  hind  wings  marbled  beneath Cercyonis. 

12.  Basal  half  of  hind  wings  not  marbled  beneath  . .  .(last  species  of  )Cissia. 

13.  Hind  wings  distinctly  dentate  or  angulated   at  the  upper   median  ner- 

vule Enodia. 

13.  Hind  wings  entire. Satyrodes. 

14.  Eyes  hairy (xjroclieilus.* 

14.  Ej'es  naked 15. 

15.  Middle  tibiae  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  middle  femora 

Neoiuinois. 

15.  Middle  tibiae  almost  as  long  as  the  middle  femora Oeneis. 

16.  Antennae  naked  ;  fore  wings  elongated (Helicouidae)  17. 

16.  Antennae  scaled  ;  fore  wings  seldom  elongated 22. 

17.  Wings  almost  wholly  diaphanous Hymeiiitis. 

17.  Wings  scaled  throughout 18. 

18.  Cell  of  fore  wings  longer  than  extreme  breadth  of  the  wing 19. 

18.  Cell  of  fore  wings  rather  shorter  than  the  breadth  of  the  wing 21. 

19.  Upper  surface  of  hind  wings  with  a  postmesial  series  of  light  spots  on  a 

dark  ground Apostrapliia. 

19.  Upper  surface  of  hind  wings  with  a  postmesial  black  band  on  a  fulvous 

ground 20. 

20.  The  atrophieil  recurrent  nervule  at  the  tip  of  the  cell  in  fore  wings,  orig- 

inating between  the  two  lower  subcostal  nervules Dynotliea. 

20.  The  atrophied  recurrent  nervule  at  tip  of  the  cell  in  fore  wings  arising 

between  the  lowest  subcostal  and  upper  median  nervules.  .Meclianitis. 

21.  Middle  of  the  median  interspace-^  of  the  fore  wings  furnished  with  white 

spots Anosia. 


*The  characters  here  given   may  be  insufficient  to  distingnisli  Gyrocheiluf,  which  T  have  not 
been  able  to  e.xaniine  when  preparing  this  table. 


236 

21.  Middle  of  the  median  interspaces  of  fore  wings   unprovided  witli  white 

spots Dnnaida. 

22.  Palpi  not  so  long  as  the  thorax (Najades)  23. 

22.  Palpi  much  longer  than  the  thorax (Hypati)  Hjpatus. 

23.  Upper  surface  of  tarsi  devoid  of  spines 25. 

23.  Upper  surface  of  tarsi  spiny 24. 

24.  Cell  of  both  wings  closed (Dryades)  49. 

24.  Cell  of  both  wings  open (part  of  Praefecti)  36. 

25.  Second  superior  subcostal  nervule,  thrown  out  before  the  first  inferior 

subcostal  nervule  (i.  e.  before  the  apex  of  the  cell) 28. 

25.  Second  superior  subcostal  nervule  of  fore  wings  arising  at  or  beyond  the 

first  inferior  subcostal  nervule 26. 

26.  Cell  of  hind  wings  open 27. 

26.  Cell  of  hind  wings  closed (Hainadry ades)  55. 

27.  Last  palpal  joint  fully  one  third  the   length  of  the  penultimate 

(part  of  Praefecti)  36. 

27.  Last  palpal  joint  about  one  fourth  the  lengtii  of  the  penultimate 

(part  of  Arg'oiiantae)  30. 

28.  The  vein  closing  the  cell  of  fore  wings  strikes  the  median  nervure  either 

nearly  or  quite  as  far  beyond  its  second  divarication,  as  half  the  dis- 
tance between  the  base  of  the  first  and  second  median  nervules  ;  or  else 
before  the  second  divarication  * part  of  Praefecti)  36. 

28.  The  vein  closing  the  cell  of  fore  wings  strikes  the  median  nervure  op- 

posite, or  just  beyond  its  second  divarication  * 29. 

29.  Palpi  stout  and  distinctly  tapering (part  of  Argoiiautae)  30. 

29.  Palpi  rather  slender  and  of  uniform  size  throughout, excepting  of  course 

at  the  extreme  tip (Arcliontes)  34. 

80.     Hind  wings  tailed 31. 

30.  Hind  wings  not  tailed 32. 

31.  Costal  nervure  of  fore  wings  terminating  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of 

the  costal  border Coea. 

31.  Costal  nervure  of  the  fore  wings  terminating  close  to  the  apex. . .  Anaea. 

32.  Fore  wings  produced  at  the  apex 33. 

32.  Fore  wings  not  produced  at  the  apex Smyrna. 

33.  Penultimate  superior  subcostal  nervule  running  parallel  with  the  sub- 

costal nervure  for  half  its  length,  then  suddenly  diverging  from  it 

Historis. 

*Iii  ^naea,  one  of  the  Argonautae,  the  connecting  vein  strikes  the  median  nervure  far  be- 
yond its  second  divarication,  but  it  niiiy  at  once  be  distinguished  from  the  Praefecti  of  this  cate- 
gory by  its  excessively  short  terminal  palpal  joint,  which  is  not  one-eighth  the  length  of  the 
penultimate. 

Two  other  genera,  one  of  Argonautae  (Histoiis),  the  other  of  Praefecti  (Junonia),  have  the 
cell  open,  and  to  them,  ttuMefore,  neither  of  these  categories  arc  applicable.  In  the  Argonaut, 
the  cell  (measuring  from  its  base  to  tlie  origin  of  the  inferior  subcostal  nervules)  is  more  than  one- 
third,  in  tlie  Praefect  less  tlian  one  thini  tlie  length  of  tlie  wing.  By  these  statements,  all  these 
forms  may  readily  be  referred  to  their  proper  groups. 


237 

33.  Penultimate  superior  subcostal  nervule  diverging  from  the  main  nervure 

at  its  origin  and  pursuing  a  uniform  course Clilorippo. 

34.  Costal  and  mcMlian  veins  swolk-n  at  the  base Eiiiiica. 

34.  Costal  and  median  veins  not  swollen  at  the  base 35. 

35.  Upper  surface  of  hind  wings  provided  with  a  distinct  submarginal  row  of 

white  or  blue  spots Basilarcliia. 

35.  Upper   surface   of    hind    wings    with    no    distinct    submarginal    row    of 

spots Limt'iiitis. 

3G.     Costal   and    median    veins   of   fore    wings   prominently    swollen    at   tlie 
base Mestra. 

36.  None  of  the  veins  prominently  swollen  at  tlie  base 37. 

37.  Veins  closing  the  cell  of  fore  wings  distinctly  swollen  beneath 

Amphiclilorn. 

37.  Veins  at  apex  of  cell  of  ordinary  size 38. 

38.  Cells  of  both  wings  open 39. 

38.  Cells  of  both  wings  closed  by  a  feeble  vein 44. 

39.  Hind  wings  regularly  rounded 40. 

39.  Upper   median    nervule   of   hind    wings   more   or   less    produced  into  a 

tail 41 . 

40.  Outer  margin  of  fore  wings  uniformly  and  slightly  convex. .  .Diaethi'ia. 

40.  Outer  margin  of  fore  wings  sinuous Jiiiionia. 

41.  Tail  of  upper  median  nervule  of  hind  wings  much  less  than  half  as  long 

as  the  antennae 42. 

41.     Tail  of  upper  median  nervule  of  hind   wings  much  more  than  half  as 

long  as  the  antennae 43. 

43.     Upper  median  nervule  of  fore  wings  curved  much  more  strongly  near 

the  base  than  that  of  hind  wings Victorilia. 

43.     Upper  median    nervule  of    fore   wings   greatly    curved,  as   in    the  hind 

wings Anartia. 

43.     Basal  half  of  wing  beneath  silvery  white,  in  striking  contrast  to  the  rest 

of  the  wings Tiliietes. 

43.  Basal  half  of  wings  beneath  nearly  concolorous  with  the  outer  half 

Athena. 

44.  Upper  median  nervule  of  hind  wings  produce  1  to  a  more  or  less  promi- 

nent tail  or  tooth 45. 

44.  Border  of  hind  wings  not  more  produced  at  the  upper  median  nervule 

than  elsewhere Vanessa. 

45.  Upper  surface  of  wings  with  a  distinct,  continuous,  marginal  or  submarg- 
inal band  of  lighter  color  than  the  rest  of  the  wing 46. 

45.  Upper  surface  of  wing  without  any  continuous  band  of  light  color. .  .47. 

46.  The  light  band  submarginal  Aglais. 

46.  The  light  band  marginal Papilio. 

47.  Inner  margin  of  fore  wings  straight 48. 

47.     Inner  margin  of  fore  wings  distinctly  excised   in    the  apicjil  half 

rolvgunia. 


238 

48.  Tail  of  upper  mt'diau  nervule  of  hind  wings  broad  and  bluntly  rounded 
at  tip Eu^onia. 

48.  Tail   of   upper   median   nervule   of   hind  wings  slender  and  pointed  at 

tip Hypanartia. 

49.  Fore  wings  at  least  twice  as  long  as  broad 54. 

49.  Fore  wings  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad 60. 

50.  Second  superior  subcostal  nervule  of  fore  wings  arising  beyond  the  apex 

of  the  cell 51. 

50.  Second  superior  subcostal  nervule  of  fore  wings  arising  at  or  before  the 

tip  of  the  cell 52. 

51.  Outer  margin  of  fore  wings  regularly  convex Brenthis. 

51.  Outer  margin  of  fore  wings  sinuous Euptoieta. 

52.  Basal   half  of  hind    wings   covered  beneath  with    frequent   large  light 

spots 53. 

52.  Basal  half  of  hind  wings  unspotted  beneath  or  with  only  one  or  two  faint 

light  spots Seiunopsyche. 

53.  Outer  half  of  upper  surface  of  hind  wings  with  at  least  three  series  of 

black  markings  on  a  fulvous  ground,  the  spots  of  the  innermost  usually 
confluent Argyniiis. 

53.  Outer  half  of  upper  surface  of  hind  wings  with  two  rows  of  pale  mark- 

ings on  a  blackish  ground,  none  of  the  spots  confluent Speyeria. 

54.  First  subcostal  nervule  of  fore  wings  emitted  beyond  the  apex  of  the 

cell  ;    pulvilli  and  paronychia  wanting Agraulis. 

54.  First  subcostal   nervule  of  fore  wings  emitted  at  the  end   of  the  cell  ; 

pulvilli  and  paronychia  present Colaeiiis. 

55.  Last  superior  subcostal  nervule  emitted  about  half  way  between  the  tip 

of  the  cell  and  the  apex  of  the  wing  ;  only  two  superior  branches  to 
the  subcostal  nervure  arising  beyond  the  cell 56. 

55.  Last  superior  subcostal  nervule  arising  much  more  than  half-way  from 
the  tip  of  the  cell  to  the  apex  of  the  wing;  three  superior  subcostal 
nervules  arising  far  beyond  the  apex  of  the  cell 57. 

50.     Basal  half  of  hind  wings  spotted  above Lemonias. 

5G.     Basal  half  of  hind  wings  immaculate  above Eiiphydryas. 

57.  Under  surface  of  hind  wings  with  distinct  white  or  yellow  mesial  and 
submarginal  bands,  interrupted  by  the  nervules,  but  never  broken  into 
sagittate  spots 58. 

57.  Under  surface  of  hind  wings  without  distinct  light  colored  mesial  and 

submarginal  bands ;  or,  if  present,  not  interrupted  by  the  nervules  or 
else  wholly  formed  of  sagittate  spots. 60. 

58.  Spots  of  the  submarginal  band  of  under  surface  of  hind  wings  strongly 

arched  on  the  inner  edge  ;  mesial  band  traversed  to  a  greater  or  less 

extent  by  dark  transverse  lines 59. 

58.  Spots  of  the  submarginal  band  of  under  surface  of  hind  wings  Avith  a 
straight  or  scarcely  curved  interior  outline  ;  mesial  band  not  transvcrsed 
by  transverse  lines Thossalia. 


239 

59.     Upper  surface  of  winpfs  furnished  at  the  outer  edge,  just  within   the 

frinpt',  with  a  slender  series  of  fulvous  spots Schocnis* 

59.     Uj>per  surface  of  wings  with  the  outer  border  excepting  the  fringe  wholly 

black Cinclidin. 

GO.     Outer  edge  of  fore  wings  scarcely  or  not  at  all  excised  in  the  median 

area 61. 

GO.     Outer   edge   of   fore   wings   distinctly   though   roundly   excised   in   the 

median  area 62. 

61.  Hind  wings  furnished  with  a  submarginal  row  of  small  dark  spots  al- 

ways distinct  upon  both  surfaces,  some  of  the  spots  always  pupillate 

with  white Cliaridryas. 

Gl.  Hind  wings  generally  furnished  with  a  submarginal  row  of  small  dark 
spots,  often  indistinct  above  and  never  pupillate  with  white  on  either 
side . .  .Phyciodes. 

62.  Posterior  margin  of  hind  wings  nearly  straight  between  the  middle  sub- 

costal nervule  and  the  anal  angle Alltliaiiassa. 

62.  Posterior  margin  of  hind  wings  regularly  and  uniformly  rounded  through- 
out   Chlosyne. 


SYNONYMIC  LIST  OF  AMERICAN  NYMPIIALES. 

.  Family  NYMPHALES  Linn.  (1758). 

[Nymphalidae  Steph.,  1828.] 

I.     Subfamily  PRAETORES  Herhst  (179G). 

[Oreades  Huhn.  Verz.,  1816.] 

I.     Tribe  :  Oreades  Borkh.  (1788). 

[Satyridae  Swains.,  1822-23.] 

1.    OENEIS  Hubner  {181()). 

Type  :  Papilio  Noma  Esper. 

1.    *Tari)eia  Esp.,  Schmett.  Eur.  1,  pi.  83,  figs.  1,2  (Papilio);  Dup.,  Li'p. 
France  1,  207,  pi.  31,  figs.  G-7  {Satyr us);  Butl.,  Cat.  Satyr.  161. 

Tarpeja  Borkh.,  Eur.  Schmett,  1,  101  (Papilio). 

Celimene  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  4,  pi.  376,  figs.  E.  F.  {Papilio). 

Nanna  Men.,  Bull.  Acad.  St.  Petersb.,  17,  216  {Chionobas). 
Arctic  America  (Arctic  Asia  and  Russia). 
This  is  given  on  the  authority  of  Butler. 


240 

2.  Ullleri  Reak.,   Proc.   Ent.   Soc.   Phil.,  6,  143  {Chionobas) ;   Butl.,   Cat. 

Satyr.,  163. 
Rocky  Mouutaius. 

3.  Iduiia  Edic.  Butt.  N.  Amer.,  2,  pi.  Chionobas  I,  figs.  1-4  {Chionobas). 
California. 

4.  gigas  Butl.,  Cat.  Satyr.,  161,  pi.  2,  fig.  2 ;  Edvv.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  2,  pi.  Chi- 

onobas 1,  figs.  5-6  {Chionobas). 
Vancouver's  Island. 

5.  nevadensis  Feld.,  Reise  Novara  pi.  62  {Chionobas) ;  Butl.,  Cat.  Satyr.,  161 

californica  Boisd.,  Am.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  62  {Chionobas). 
Sierra  Nevada. 
Mr.  Edwards  considers  nevadensis  and  californica  distinct  species,  and  lias 

given  me  some  good  reasons  for  his  belief.    I  place  them  together  provisionally. 

» 

6.  Cliryxus   Westw.-Eewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  383,  pi.  64,  fig.  1  {Chion. 

obas) ;  Butl.,  Cat.  Satyr.,  161. 

Taygete  Gey.  in  Hiibn.,  Saniml.  exot.  Schmett.,  3,  figs.  3,  4  (nee  1-2). 

Calais  Scudd.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  7  {Chionobas). 
Hudson's  Bay  ;  mountains  of  Colorado  and  California. 
Mr.  Edwards,  who  possesses  the  type  of  Calais,  says  it  is  the  ?  of  Chryxus. 

7.  Polixenes  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  484  (Papilio) ;  Westw.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn. 

Lep.,  503  {Neonympha);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Diurn.  Lep.  70. 
?  Melissa  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  573  {Papilio). 
Bore  Esp.,  Schmett.,  tab.  100,  Cont.  55,  fig.  1  {Papilio). 
Fortunatus  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  1,  152  {Papilio). 
Noma  Quenst.,  Act.  Holm.,  1791,  272  {Papilio). 
Bootes  Hlibn.,  Eur.  Schmett.,  figs.  1025-8  {Papilio) ;  Boisd.-LeC. 

Lep.  Am.  Sept.  218  {Chionobas). 
Taygete  Gey.  in  Hiibn.,  Exot.  Schmett.,  3,  figs.  1-2. 
Greenland;  Labrador;  Newfoundland  (Lapland). 

8.  seiuidea  Say,  Amer.  Ent.  pi.  50  {Ilipparchia) ;  Morr.,  Syn.  Lep.  N.  Amer. 

80  {Coenonymp>ha) ;  Edw.,  Morr.  Syn.  Lep.  N.  Amer.,  351. 
Also  (pars)  Boisd.,  Icon.  1,  197  {Chionobas). 
White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire, 
Food  plant :  Carex  rigida. 

9.  Oeiio  Boisd.,  Icon.,  pi.  39,  figs.  A-Q  {Chionobas);  Butl.  Cat.  Satyr.,  163  ; 

Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  220  {Chionobas). 

Also  Boisd.,  Icon.,  pi.  40,  figs.  1-2  {Chionobas) ;   Boisd.-LeC.  Lep. 

Am.  Sept.  222  {Chionobas). 
Crambis  Frey.,  Neuer.  Beitr.,  5,  tab.  440,  figs.  3-4  {Papilio). 
siibhyalina  Curt.,  Ross.  Narr.  App.,  08  {Uipparcliia). 
assimilis  Butl.  Cat.  Satyr.  163,  pi.  2,  fig.  10. 
Labrador;  Arctic  America  (and  Europe). 


241 

10.  Jntta  Ilahn..  Fait.  Hchmett.,  figs.  614-5  (Pitpilio) ;  Boisd.,  Icon.  pi.  38. 

tigs.  l-A{Chio)iobas)  ;  Dup.  Lt'p.  de  France,  pi.  40,  figs.  35  {Sati/rus); 
Butl.  Cat.  Satyr.,  160. 

Balder  Boisd.,  Icon.,  1,  189,  pi.  39,  figs.  1-3  {Chiondbas) ;  Boiad.- 

LeC,  L(''p.  Am.  Sept.,  215  {Chionobas). 
Balderi  Iliibn.,  Zutr.,  figs.  981-2  {Eumenis). 
Eastern  boreal  America,  north  of   United  States  (boreal   countries  of   old 
world). 

2.    NE03HN0IS  Scudder. 

Type  :  Satyrus  Ridingsii  Edw. 

This  group  lias  the  structure  of  the  legs  seen  in  Minois,  in  which  respect  it  is 
allied  to  Oeneis,  and  ditTers  from  other  American  Oreades. 

11.  Ridingsii  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  4,  201  {Satj/rus). 

Stretchii  Edw.,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  192  {C hionobaa). 
Colorado  ;  Nevada  ;  Montana. 

3.    GYROCHEILUS  5u«er(1867). 

Type  :  Pronophila  Patrobas  Hewita. 

12.  Tritonia  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5,  18  {Geirocheilus). 
Arizona. 

4.    ENODIA  Hiibner  (1816). 

Type:  Oreas  marmorata  Andromacha  Iliibn. 

13.  Portlandia  Fcobr.,  Spec.  Ins.,  2,  82  {Papilio);  Boisd.-LeC,  L^p.  Amer. 

Sept.,  226,  pi.  58,  figs.  1-5  {Satyrus);  Westw.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep. 
360  (Debis);  Butl.  Cat.  Satyr.,  114  (Lethe);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.  55 
{Euptychia)  ;  Scudd.,  Rev.  Amer.  Butt.,  5. 

Andromacha  Hiibn.,  Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Oreas  marmorata);   Say, 

Am.  Ent.,  pi.  36  {Hipparehia). 
Androcardia  Htibn.,  Ind.  Exot.  Lep.,  1. 
United  States  east  of  Great  Plains. 
Food-plant:  Grass. 

6.    CERCYONIS  Speyer  in  litteris. 

Type  -,  Papilio  Alope  Fahr. 

Dr.  Speyer  has  pointed  out  to  me  that  the  European  Minois,  of  which  Phae- 
dra is  the  type.ditfers  from  this  group,  which  I  formerly  referred  to  Minois,  in 
its  very  short  and  thickly  spined  middle  legs,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  marked 
excision  of  the  hind  wings  at  the  anal  angle,  so  noticeable  in  Cercyonis. 

14.  Pegala  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3.  1,  230  {Papilio);  God.,  Eucycl.  Meth.  9,  524 

(Satyrus). 
Extreme  Southern  United  States,  east  of  Rocky  Mountains. 

BUL.   Brr.   soc.  NAT.   SCI.  (31)  rESBCART,   1875. 


242 

15.  Alope  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  1,  229  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Eiicycl.  MtHli.,  9,  524 

(Satyrus);  Boisd.-LeC,  L(^p.  Am.  Sept.,  228,  pi.  59,  figs.  l-i{Satyrus); 

Harr.,  Hitclic.  Rep.,  Ed.  1,  590  {Ilipparchia) ;  Doubl.,  List  Lep.  Brit. 

Mus.,  1,  136  (Eiiodia);  Sciidd.,  Rev.  Amer.  Butt.,  5  {Minois). 
United  States,  east  of  Great  Plains. 
Food-plant :  Grass. 

16.  Wheeleri  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  343  {Satyrus). 

Hoffmani  Streck.,  Lep.  ind.  and  exot.,  31,  pi.  4,  figs.  8,  8  {Satyrus). 
Utah  ;  Nevada. 

17.  Boopis  Behr,  Calif.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  164  (Satyrus). 

18.  *Gabbii  Edw.,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  193  (Satyrus). 
Oregon. 

19.  Nepliele  Ki)'b.,  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.,  4,  297  (Hipparchia) ;  Westw.-Hewits., 

Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  dSO  (Erebia) ;  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliilad.,  6,  195 

(Satyrus) ;  Scudd.,  Rev.  Amer.  Butt.,  6  (Minois). 
Northern  United  States,  east  of  Plains  and  Canada ;  Arizona. 
Food-plant :  Grass. 

20.  Ariaue  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2J  10,  307  (Satyrus);  Reak.,  Proc. 

Ent.  Soc.  Philad.,  6,  145  (Eiiodia). 
California;  Nevada. 

21.  Meadii  Edic,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  70  (Erebia). 
Colorado. 

22.  Sthenele  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  308  (Satyrus). 
California. 

23.  Oetus  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  63  (Satyrus). 

Charon  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  69  (Satyrus). 

Colorado ;  California. 

Oetus  may  perhaps  be  referred  with  better  propriety  to  Phocus,  but  I  have 
never  seen  specimens  exactly  agreeing  with  Boisduval's  description.  He  him- 
self compares  it  (in  litt.)  to  this  species,  but  his  description  corresponds  almost 
exactly  with  Phocus.     I  place  it  here  provisionally. 

24.  Phocus  Edio.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  5,  14  (Satyrus). 
British  Columbia. 

25.  silvestris  Edio.,  Proc  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1861,  162  (Satyrus). 
California  ;  Nevada  ;  Montana. 

6.    SATYRODES  Scudder. 

Type  :  Papilio  Eurydice  lAnn. 

Argus  of  Scopoli  which  I  proposed  to  restrict  to  this  group,  was  altogether 
too  heterogeneous  in  character  to  have  been  so  applied ;  it  should  be  wholly 
dropped.  The  group  differs  from  Pararge,  to  which  it  appears  most  nearly 
allied,  in  its  shorter  antennae,  much  slenderer  club,  slenderer  and  much  less 
heavily  clothed  palpi,  shorter  middle  tibiae,  and  the  want  of  any  recurrent  vein 
at  the  extremity  of  the  cell  of  the  fore  wings. 


243 

21}.     Eurydico  Linn.-Johanss.,  Ainoen.  Aciul.,  G,  40G  (/'(tpiYw) ;  Sciidd.,  Rev. 
Amur.  Butt.,  G  (Argus). 

Canthus  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  12,  2,  7G8  {Papilio);    Boisd.-LeC. 

Li'-p.  Am.  Si'])t.,  pi.  GO,  flfi^s.  1-4  (S/iti/rus). 
Cantheus  (Jod.,  Encycl.  Mi'th., !),  4!)3  {S(UyniH). 
transmontana  Goase,  Newm.  Entoiu.,  i;J8  {Uippnrchin). 
Boisdumlii  Harr.,  Ins.  Inj.  Vog.  Ed.  3,  305,  fig.  128  {IllpparcJiia) 
Nortliern  United  States,  east  of  Great  Plains. 
Food-plant :     Grass. 

7.    EREBIA  Dalman  (181G). 
Type  :  Papilio  Ligea  Linn. 

This  group  exhibits  considerable  variation  in  the  recurvation  of  the  fore 
wings.  I  liave  even  seen  specimens  of  E.  Maiicinus  in  which,  on  one  side,  the 
first  superior  subcostal  nervule  appears  as  a  branched  vein,  the  second  superior 
subcostal  nervule  originating  from  it,  instead  of  from  the  main  nervure. 

27.  Epipsodea  BiitL,  Catal.  Satyr.,  80,  pi.  2,  fig.  9. 

Rhodia  Edw.,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  3.  273. 
Rocky  Mountains. 

28.  Maiioiiuis   Wcstw-Heicits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  380,  pi.  54,  fig.  2. 

Difid,  var.  Mancinus  Butl.,  Catal.  Satyr.,  89. 
Rocky  Mountains ;  Alaska. 

29.  Rossii  Curt.,lXoss,  Narr.  App.,  G7,  pi.  A,  fig.  1  {Ilipparchia);  Westw.- 

Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  380. 
Arctic  America. 

30.  Callias  Edw.,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  274. 
Colorado. 

31.  *  Haydeuii  Edic,  Hayd.,  Rep.  Geol.  Sur.  Mont.,  1872,  467. 
Wyoming. 

32.  Yesag'us   TFt'«^(o.-//e«3t<.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  380,  pi.  64,  fig.  3. 
Rocky  Mountains. 

33.  discoidalis  Kirb.,  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.,  298,  pi.  3,  figs.  2-3  (Hipparchia) ; 

Westw.-Howit.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  380. 
Hudson's  Bay  to  Alaska. 

34.  fasciata  Butl.,  Catal.  Satyr.,  92,  pi.  2,  fig.  8. 
Arctic  America. 

8.    COENONYMPHA  Hiibner  {181Q). 
Type  :  Papilio  Oedippus  Fabr. 

35.  *  Brenda  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  375. 
Southern  California. 

36.  *  pamphiloides  Reak.,  Proc  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  G,  14G  note. 
California. 


244 

37.  ochracea  Edic,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  1801,  103. 

?  Bavus  var.  Isis  Bail.  Cat.  Satyr.,  47. 
Newfoundland;   Northern  Lake  Winnipeg;   Kansas;  California;  Colorado. 

38.  *  Ampelos  Edic,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  213. 
Oregon. 

39.  *  Kodiak  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  375. 
Kodiak. 

40.  inoruata  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1861,  163. 
Lake  Winnipeg,  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

41.  California   Westw.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  398,  pi.  67,  fig.  2. 

Californius  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2J  10,  309  (Satyrus). 
californica  Edw.,  Syn.,  N.  Amer.  Butt.,  25. 
Oalactinus  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  309  {Satyrus). 
Ceres  But!.,  Ent.  Monti.  Mag.,  4,  78. 
California;  Montana. 

9.    NEONYMPHA  Hubner  (1816). 

Type :  Oreas  fimbriata  Helicta  Jliibii. 

42.  Cornelius  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  1,  220  {Papilio);  God.,  Encycl.  M6th.,  9, 

493   {Satyrus);    Westw.-Hewit.,   Gen.   Diurn.   Lep.,   4iBS  {Eurygoiia); 
Butl.,  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep.,  15  {EuptycMa). 

Oeinma  Hlibn.,  Zutr.  Samml.  exot.  Sclimett.,  1,  figs.  7-8;  Boisd.- 
LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  pi.  62,  figs.  1-5  {Satyrus). 
Southern  States  (Polochie  Valley). 
Food-plant :     Grass. 

43.  Phocion  Fahr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  218  {Papilio);  But!.,  Cat.  Satyr.,  37  {Eup- 

tycMa) ;    Scudd.,  Rev.  Am.  Butt.,  7  {Megisto) ;    Westw.-Hewit.,  Gen. 
Diurn.  Lep.,  375. 
areolatus  Smith- Abb.,  Ins.  Geo.,  1,  25,  tab.  Vi  {Papilio);  Boisd.- 

LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  pi.  63,  figs.  5-8  {Satyrus). 
Helicta  Hiibn.,  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Oreas  fimbriata). 
Atlantic  States,  from  New  York  southward. 
Food-plant :    Andropogan  nutans,  Panicum  sanguinale. 

10.     MEGISTO  Habner  (1816). 

Type:  Megisto  Acmenis  Hubn. 

44.  Acmenis  Hubn.,  Zutr.  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  figs.   233-4;    Westw.- 

Hewit.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  375  {Neonympha) ;   Butl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc, 
1866,  476  {EuptycMa). 
Baltimore  (fide  Hiibn.). 

This  butterfly  is  unknown  to  American  lepidopterists,  and  it  seems  very 
doubtful  whether  it  can  be  considered  American ;  more  particularly  as  three 
other  Satyrids  given  by  Hiibner  in  this  same  work,  under  the  names  of  Symphae- 
dra,  Alcandra,  Mycalesis,  Otrea  and  Yphthima,  Philomela  (all  said  by  him  to 
come  aus  Oeorgien  in  Florida),  have  since  been  discovered  to  be  East  Indian 
species. 


2ir> 


11.    CI  SSI  A  Boubleday  {\Sm- 

Type:  Pniiilio  Clarissa  Cram. 

45.  Sosyl)ius  Falu-.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  219  (Papilio);  God..  Encycl.  M6tli.,  9,  495 

{Satt/ran) ;  Westw.-IIewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  375  {Neonympha) ;  Butl., 
Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1866,  474  {Euptychia) ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  L^p.  Am. 
Sept.,  pi.  63.  figs.  1-4  (SniyruK). 
Soutliern  half  of  United  States,  east  of  and  including  Mississippi  Valley. 

46.  rubricata  J-Jdw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  213  {Euptychia). 
Texas. 

47.  Eiirytus  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  487  (Pajnlio);  Butl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.. 

1866,  465  (Euptychia);  Scudd.,  Rev.  Anier.  Butt.,  7  {Megisto). 
Eurytris  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  157  {Papilio). 
Eurythris  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  494  {Satyrus) ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Lep. 

Am.  Sept.,  pi.  51,  figs.  1-5  (Satyriis). 
Cymela  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  pi.  132,  figs.  C.  D  {Papilio). 
Cymelia  Iliibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  54  {Megisto). 
United  States  east  of  Great  Plains. 

Food-plant :     Grass. 


11.    Subfamily  HELICONIDAE  Swaim.  (IS-^T). 

[Festivi  Grav..  1807.] 

n.    Tribe  :  Festivi  Fahr.  (1793). 

[Tribuni  Ilerbst.,  1794  ;  Danaides  Boisd.,  1836.] 

12.    DANAIDA  Latreille  (1805). 

Type  :  Papilio  Plexippus  Linn. 

48.  Plexippus  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  10,  471  {Papilio) ;  Fabr.,  111.  Mag.,  6, 
280  {Euploea) ;  Latr.,  Gen.  Crust,  et  Ins.,  4,  200  {Danaus) ;  Say,  Am.  Ent., 
pi.  54  (Danaus);  Esch.,  Kotzeb.  Entd.  Reise,  3,  210,  pi.  7,  fig.  14,  a  b 
(Idea);  Latr.,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust,  et  Ins.,  14,  108. 

Erippus  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  pi.  3,  figs.  A  B  (Papilio). 
Archippus  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.  3,  49  (Papilio);  Sm.  Abb.,  Lep.-Ins. 
Geo.,  1,  pi.  6  (Papilio);  Boisd.-Le  C.  L6p.  Am.  Sept.,  137,  pi.  40, 
figs.  1-4  (Danais). 
Archippe  God.,  Encycl.  Metli.,  9,  184  (Danais). 
Megalippe  Hiibn.,  Exot.  Schmett.,  2  (Anosia). 
Menippe  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  16  (Anosia). 

Southern  portions  of  British  America ;  United  States,  Bermudas  (Antilles, 
Mexico,  Central  America  and  South  America  as  far  as  Rio). 

Food-plants  :  Asclepias  cornuti,  A.  purpurascens,  A.  incarnata,  A.  tuherosa, 
A.  amplexieaulis,  A.  tomentosa,  A.  curassavica,  A.  nivea,  Apocynum  andro- 
saemifolium. 


246 


13.     A'SO^IX  Hiibner  (ISHi). 

Type  :  Limnas  ferruginea  Vincetoxici  Illibn. 

49.  Berenice  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,3,  pi.  205,  figs.  E  F  (Papilio) ;  Boisd.-Le  C, 

Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  134,  pi.  39  (Banais). 

Erippus  Fabr.  (nee  Cram.),  Mant.  Ins.,  2,  27  {Papilio). 

Erippe  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  16. 

&ilippus  Smith-Abb.,  (nee  Cram.)  Lep.  Ins.  Geo.,  1,  pi.  7  {Papilio). 

Viticedoiici  Hiibn.,  Exot.  Sclimett.,  1  {Limnas  ferruginea). 

Vincetoxici  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  16. 
Southernmost  United  States,  as  far  west  as  New  Mexico  (Antilles,  Mexico). 
Food-plants :    Asclepiaa  amplexicaulia,  A.  obtusifolia,  (Jonolubus  hirsutus. 

50.  strig'osa  Bates,  Ent.  Monthl.  Mag.,  1,  32  {Danais). 
Texas. 

Is  it  clearly  distinct  from  Berenice? 

III.    Tribe :  Heliconii  Linn.  (1758). 
(Helieonii  Fabr.,  1781;  Nereides  Hiibn.,  1816;  Heliconidae  Doubl.,  1844.] 

14.  HYMENITIS  Uiibner  (1816). 

Type:  Papilio  diaphanus  Drury. 

ol.     *(li€ii)haiia  {Diaphanus)  Drur.,  111.  Exot.  Ent.,  2,  pi.  7,  fig.  3  {Papilio); 
Doubl.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  125  {Ithomia-Hymenitis). 
diaphane  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  8. 
Florida;  Louisiana;  Texas  (Antilles). 

I  cannot  find  any  authority  for  the  occurrence  of  this  butterfly  within  our 
limits,  excepting  Edwards'  Synopsis,  and  Mr.  Edwards  does  not  recollect  upon 
what  grounds  he  placed  it  there. 

52.  Phono  Gey.  in  Hiibn.,  Zutr.  Exot.  Schmett.,  figs.  987-8. 
Florida. 

Placed  here  on  the  authority  of  Geyer. 

15.  DYNOTHEA  Eeakirt  (1866). 

Type :  Papilio  Lycaste  Fabr. 

53.  *  Lycaste  Fabr.,  Eut.  Syst.,  3,  1,  161  {Papilio);  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Phil.,  5,222. 
Los  Angelos,  California  (southward  to  Guiana). 

Ipiii.\nassa  Doubl.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  127  {Geratinia). 
Lycaste  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  221  (//<'^icoM«);  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent. 
Soc.  Phil.,  5,  219  {Geratinia);  Hewits.,  Exot.  Butt.,  1,  pi.  Itli.  15, 
fig.  92  {Ithomia). 
Los  Angelos,  California  (southward  to  Guiana). 

PANAAiENSis  Bates,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Loiul.,  1863,  345  {Ithomia). 
Panama. 


247 

Anaimiissa  IleiT.-SfliacfT.,  Prod.  Lcp.  1,  49  {Ithomiit) ;  Rcnk.,  Proc. 
Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  220  {C'eratiniit). 
Iphianassa  Hewits.,  Exot.  Butt.,  1,  ])1.  Ith.  15,  fig.  91  (Ithomia). 
(New  Grenada.) 

NeokeT.v  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  2'10  {Ccratinia). 
Los  AngeloB,  California. 

PiiANESSA  Herr.-SchaefF.,   Prodr.   Lep.,   1,  49  {Ithomia);    Reak., 
Proc.  Ent.  Sue.  Phil.,  5,  231  {Ver(ttinia). 
Iphianassa  Ilewits.,  E.Kot.  Butt.,  1,  pi.  1th.  15,  fig.  93  (Ithomia). 
(New  Grenada.) 

ciiiMBORAZANA  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  221  {Ceratinia). 
(Ecuador.) 

1(J.    MECHANITIS  Fabricius  (1807). 

Type  :  Papilio  Polyniuia  Liiin. 

64.    *  californica  Eeak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  223. 
Loa  Angelos,  California. 

17.    APOSTRAPIIIA  l?«6fte?-(1816). 

Type:  Papilio  Chariihonia  Linn. 

55.    Cliarithonla  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  12,  757  {Papilio). 

Charitonia  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  462  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9, 
210  {Heliconia);  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  140,  pi.  41,  figs.  1-2 
{Heliconia) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schraett.,  13. 
Sea-coast  of  extreme  southern  United  States  (Antilles,  Mexico  and  Central 
America). 

III.     Subfamily  NAJADES  BorH.  (1788). 

[Nymphalinae  Bates.,  1861.] 

IV.     Tribe :     AiiGONAUTAE  Cram.  (1782). 

[Phalerati    llubn.,   1816;    Paphianae   Swains.,   1832-33;   Apaturidae  Staud.- 

Wocke,  1871.] 

IS.    SMYRNA  Eubner  {1822-6). 

.  Type:  Smyrna  Blomfildii  IIu\n. 

66.  *Karwillskii   G^c^.  in  Htibn.,  Samml.  Exot.  Schraett.,  3. 
Texas;  New  Mexico  (Mexico  ;  Guatemala). 

19.    COEA  mthner  (1816). 

Type  :  Papilio  Acheronta  Fabr. 

67.  Acheronta  Fahr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  501  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  M.'tli.,  9,  358 

{Xymphalis);  Edw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  2'd  {Mef/istanis) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz. 
Schmett.,  48. 

Cadmtts  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  pi.  22,  figs.  A  ^{Papilio). 

Pherecydcs  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  4,  pi.  330,  fig?.  A  B  {Papilio). 
Texas;  New  Mexico  [Westwood  erroneously  New  York]  to  Brazil. 


248 


20.    HISTORIS  i?«&/ie?-(181G). 

Type  :  Papilio  Odius  Fabr.  1 

58.    Orion  Fahr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  485  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  Mutli.,  9,  368  {Nym- 
phalis) ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  195,  pi.  52  {Aganisthos). 
Odius  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  457  {Papilio). 
Odia  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  35. 

Danae  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  pi.  84,  figs.  A  B  {Papilio). 
Florida  (Antilles  and  southward  to  Brazil). 

Odius  and  Orion  of  Fabricius  were  published  at  the  same  time.  The  first 
author  who  placed  them  together  as  one  species,  and  selected  one  of  these 
names  to  be  retained,  was  Godart,  who  chose  Orion,  and  this  action  is  therefore 
binding  upon  Zoologists  of  the  present  day. 

21.    ANAEA  Buhner  (1816). 

Type  :  Papilio  Troglodyta  Fiihr. 

69.    Audria  Scudd. 

Olycerium  Morr.,  (nee  Doubl.)  Syu.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  67  {Paphia) ;  Ril., 
(uec  Doubl.)  Am.  Ent.,  2,  121,  figs.  81-83  {Paphia);  Edw.,  (nee 
Doubl.)  Butt.  N.  Am.  1,  pi.  Paphia,  figs.  1-6  {Paphia). 
Mississippi  Valley,  westward  to  Great  Plains ;  Texas. 
Food-plant:     Croton  capitatum. 

Our  butterfly  seems  to  me  clearly  distinct  from  A.  Olycerium.  Compare 
the  illustrations  of  Hewitson  and  Edwards. 

60.  Trog-lodyta  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  502  {Papilio);  God.  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  365 

{Nymphalis) ;  Westw.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  318  {Paphia) ;  Hiibn., 
Verz.  Schmett.,  48. 

Troglodita  Fabr.,  Mant.  Ins.,  47  {Papilio). 

Astyanax  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  4,  pi.  337,  figs.  A  B  {Papilio). 

A-ttina  Hubn.,  Samml.,  Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Hamadryas  undata). 

Portia  God.,  (nee  Fabr.)  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  364  {Nymphalis). 
Florida  (Antilles). 

22.    CHLORIPPE  i?oisdMm^(1844). 

Type  :  Nymphalis  Laurentia  God. 

61.  Hersc  Fabr.  {Papilio). 

Clyton  Boisd.-LeC,  L6p.  Am.  Sept.,  208,  pi.  56,  figs.  1-4  {Apatura). 
Eerse  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  229  {Papilio);   Westw.-Hewits.,  Gen. 
Diurn.  Lep.,  392  {Satyrusf);  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  9  {Doxocopa); 
Ril.,  Trans.  St.  Louis  Acad.  Sc,  3,  198,  figs.  5-6  {Apatura). 
Idyia  (pars)  Herr.-Schaeff.,  (nee  Hiibn.)  Prodr.  Lep.,  80  {Doxocopa)^ 
Lycaon  (pars)  Butl.,  (nee.  Fabr.)  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep.,  57  {Apatura). 
Pkoserpina  Scudd.,  Trans.  Chic.  Acad.  Sc,  1,  332  {Apatura). 
United  States  east  of  the  Great  Plains,  excepting  the  northernmost  States. 

Food-plant :     Celtis  occidentalis. 


249 

G2.  Ljoaon  Fahr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  228  {Popiliu) ;  W.'stw.-IIewits.,  fit- n.  Diurn. 
Lt-p.,  31)2  {Si(ti/nift1);  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  9  {Bo.rocopa) ;  Hil.,  Trans.  St. 
Louis  Acad.  Sc,  o,  1!)."5,  figs.  3-i(Apatura). 

Ccltis  Boisd.-LeC,  IVj).  Am.  Sept.  21,  pi.  Tu  (Apatmut). 
Alicia  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  pi.  Apatura  1,  fig.s.  1-4  {Apatura). 
Southern  half  of  the  United  States  east  of  the  Great  Plains. 
Food-plant :     Celtis  occidentalis. 

The  presence  in  the  United  States  of   a  third  species  of  Chlorippe  {Idyia 
lliibu.)  seems  to  me  to  be  iusullicieutly  verified. 

V.     Tribe:  Arciiontes  i/t?-&s^.  (1798). 

[Papiliones   maculato-fasciata   Wicii.   Verz.,  1775 ;    Nymphalidae  Dup.,  1844 ; 

Liraenitides  Biitl.,  1869.] 

23.    BASILARCHIA  Scuddcr  (1872). 

Type  :  Papilio  Astyanax  Fahr. 

63.  Weidemeyeri  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  18G1,  162,  pi.  2,  figs.  1,  4 

\\iw\}i:i]  {Limenitis) ;  Grote,Cau.  Eut.,5, 143;  Edw.,  Butt.  X.  Am.,  1,  pi. 
Limenitis  2,  figs.  1-4  {Limenitis). 
Rocky  Mountain  region  from  Montana  to  Colorado. 

64.  Artliemis  Drury  (Papilio). 

Lamina  Fahr.,  Eut.  Syst.,  3,  118  (Papilio). 
Arthemis  Drury,  111.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  pi.  10,  figs.  3-4  (Papilio) ;  Say, 
Amer.  Ent.  2,  pi.  23  (Limenitis) ;    Boisd.-Le  C,  Ltip.  Am.  Sept., 
202,  pi.  54,  figs.  1-3  (Nymplialis) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.  8. 
Artemis  Doubl.,  Cat.  Lep.  Brit.  Mus.,  1,  96  (Nymplialis). 
Proserpina   Edw.,   Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  148  (Limenitis);  lb., 
Traus.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  1,  286,  pi.  4  [some  marked  5],  (Limenitis) ; 
lb.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Limenitis  1,  figs.  1-4  (Limenitis). 
East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  from  Mclvenzie  River  and  the  Northern  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  southward  to  the  northernmost  of  the  United  States. 
Food-plants  :     Betula  lenta,  hawthorn,  willow. 

I  place  Proserpina  as  a  dimorphic  form  of  Arthemis  with  much  hesitancy, 
and  only  provisionally.  It  is  very  probably  a  hybrid  of  Arthemis  and 
Astyanax. 

65.  Astyanax   Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.  447  (Papilio) ;  Butl.,  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep..  60 

(Limenitis) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  8. 

Ephestion  Stoll,  Suppl.  Cram.  Pap.  Esot.,  pi.  25,  figs.  1,  la  (Papilio). 
Ephestiaena  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  38  (Callianira). 
Ursula  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  82  (Papilio) ;  Sm.-Abb.,  Lep.  Ins.  Geo., 
pi.  10  (Papilio) ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Li^p.  Am.  Sept.,  199,  pi.  53,  figs.  1-4 
(Nymphalis). 
United  States,  east  of  and  including  the  Mississippi  Valley  ;  Southern  On. 
tario  ;  Arizona. 

BUL.    BUF.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (32)  FEBRUARY,    1875. 


250 

Food-plants:  Ajiple,  cherry,  quince,  liawtliorn,  wild  gooseberry,  willows, 
plum,  Quercus,  ilicifolia,  Uarpinus  americana,  Vaccinium  stramineum. 

68.  Archipims  Cram,  (nee  Fabr.),  Pap.  Exot.,  1, 24,  pi.  IG,  figs.  A  B  {Papilio) ; 
Verl.,  Comm.  Zool.,  2\)  {Nymphalls);  Butl.,  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep.,  60  (iim- 
enitis). 

Archippe  Iliibn.,  Verz.  Sclimett.,  IG  {Anosia).  | 

Misippus  Fabr.  (uec  Linn.),  Syst.  Ent.,  481  {Papilio). 

Bisippe  God.,  Encycl.  Metli.,  9,  393  {NympJialis) ;    Scudd.,  Syst. 

Rev.,  8. 
Bisippus  Boisd.-LeC,  Lt-p.  Am.  Sept.,  304,  pi.  55,  figs.  1-4  {Nym- 
phalis). 
United  States,  east  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  ;  Southern  Canada. 
Food-plants:     Willows,  Populus  balsamifera,  P.  tremuloides.  P.  monilifera, 
P.  dilataUi,  Primus,  apple,  Quercus  ilicifolia,  Q.  rubra? 

24.    LIMENITIS  Fabricius  (1807). 

Type :  Papilio  Camilla  Wien.  Verz. 

67.  califoniica  Butl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1865,  485  (Heterochroa)  ;  Kirb.,  Syn. 

Cat.  Lep.,  285  {Adelplia) ;  Edw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  23. 

Eulalia  Boisd.  (nee  Doubl.),  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  301  ;  Edw. 

(nee  Doubl.),  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  So.  Phil.,  18G3,  225. 
Bredowii  Edw.  (nee  Hubn.),  Butt.  N.  Amer.,  1,  pi.  Limenitis  4, 
figs.  1-3. 
California. 

68.  Lorquinii  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  301  ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep., 

235  {Adelpha) ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Limenitis  3,  figs.  1-4. 
California. 
Food-plant  :    Willows. 

25.    EUNICA  IBibner  (181G). 

Type  :  Papilio  Monima  Cram. 

69.  Monima  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  4,  pi.  387,  figs.  F  G  {Papilio) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz. 

Schmett.,  60. 

Myrto  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  418  {Nymphalis). 
Hyperipte  Edw.  (nee  Hiibn.),  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  21  {Cybdelis). 
Florida  (Antilles,  Central  America,  Brazil). 

Specimens  I  have  seen  from  Florida  and  Cuba,  which  agree  wholly  together, 
seem  to  be  much  smaller  than  Monima,  and  are  referred  with  some  hesitation 
to  that  species,  although  doubtless  the  Monima  of  Herr.-Schaeff.  (Schmett. 
Cuba). 

VI.    Tribe :  Praefecti  Herbst  (1794). 

[Papiliones  angulati  Wie?i.  Verz. ,1775;  lUmadryades  Edbn.,lS\8 ;  Vauessidae 

Bap.,  1844.] 


251 


2G.    IIYPANARTIA  Jlnbner  {lS2i~25). 

Type :  Hypanartia  Tecraesia  Riihn. 

70.  *Iiethe  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  Z,m  {Papilio);    God.,  Encycl.  McHh.,  9,  818 

( Vanessa) ;  Doubl.-Hevvita.,  Geu.  Diurn.  Lep.,  194  (Eurema) ;  Kirb., 
Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  180. 

Demonica  Iliibn.,  Sainml.  Exot.  Sclmiett.,  2. 
Texas;  New  Mexico  (to  Brazil). 

27.     rOLYtiONIA  Uubner  (181G). 

Type:  Papilio  c-album  Linn. 

71.  iiiterrog-ationis  F<ihr.,  Siippl.  Ent.  Sj^st.,  424  {Papilio);   lb.,  111.  Mag^. 

lns.,(i,2^l  {Cynthia);  Ilarr.  Ilitclic.  Rep.,lst  Ed.,  590(  Frt/ima) ;  Doubl.- 
Hewits.,  Geu.  Diurn.  Lep.,  197  {Orapta);  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  10. 
p-interrof/ationifi  God.,  Encycl.  Muth.,  9,  819  {Vanessa). 
Fabuicii  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  1  {Grapta)  ;  lb..  Butt.  N. 
Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  5,  figs.  1-6  {Grapta). 
interro(jationis  Lintn.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  313  {Grapta). 
c-aureum  Cram,  (nee  Lintn.),  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  pi.  19,  figs.  E  F  {Pa- 
2~)ilio) ;  Boisd.-Lec,  Lt'p.  Am.  Sept.,  192,  pi.  51,  figs.  1-4  ( Vanessa). 
UMBROSA   Lintn.,  Trans.   Aui.  Ent.  Soc,   2,    313    {Grapta);   Edw., 
Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  4,  figs.  1-4,  a,  b,  b,  c-g  {Grapta). 
c-aurenm  Sm.-Abb.,  Lep.  Ins.  Geo.,  1,  21,  pi.  11  {Papilio) ;  Hiibn., 

Samml.  Exot.  Sclimett.,  2. 
Crameri  Scudd.,  Proc  Bost.  Soc.  Xat.  Hist.,  13,  276  {Grapta). 
j)-interrogationis  God.,  Encycl.  Metli.,  9,  301  {Vanessa). 
United  States,  east  of   and  including  tlie  Mississippi  Valley ;   Texas ;   also 
Canada  and  even  to  Labrador  (fide  Moeschler). 

Food-plants :     Ulmus  americana,    Urtiea,  Boehmeria  cylindrica,  Humulus 
lupulus,  Tilia  americana,  T.  pubescens,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

72.  comma  Ilarr.,  {Vanessa). 

IIarrisii  [Ilarisii]  Edw.,  Can.  Eut.,  5,  184  {Grapta). 
comma  Ilarr.,  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  1st  Ed.,  221  (  Fa7if««rt);  Doubl.-Hew., 
Gen.  Diurn.)  Lep.,  197  Grapta);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  &^S{Nym- 
phalis) ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  2,  figs.  1-5,  a,  a,  a,  b, 
h  {Grapta) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  10. 
c-album  Boisd.-LeC,  L'-p.  Am.  Sept.,  190  {Vanessa). 
jVajas  Scudd.,  Mss.  (1872). 
DuYAS  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  17  {Grapta);    lb.,  Butt.  X. 
Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  3,  figs.  1-G  {Grapta). 
Northern  half  of  the  United  States,  east  of  and  including  the  Mississippi 
Valley,  extending  northward  throughout  Canada,  and  as  far  as  Fort  Simpson. 
Food-plants:    Humulus  lupulus,  Ulmus  americana,  Urtiea,  Boehmeria  cyl- 
indrica. 


252 

73.  Satyrus  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  374  (Grapta);  lb.,  Butt.  N.  Am., 

1,  pi.  Grapta  6,  figs.  1-4  {Grapta) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  648  {Nymphalis). 
Rocky  Mountain  district  and  Pacific  Coast,  from  Colorado  and  Central  Cali- 
fornia to  British  America ;  Northern  Ontario. 
Food-plant :     Urtica. 

74.  Marsyas  Edw.,  Trans,  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  16  {Grapta) ;   Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat. 

Lep.,  648  {Nymphalis). 
California. 

Marsyas  and  Satyrus  will  very  likely  x>rove  to  be  dimorphic  forms  of  a  single 
species. 

75.  Zephyrus  Edw.  (Grapta). 

Hylas  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  68  (Grapta). 

Progne  Boisd.  (nee  Cram.),  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  [2]  10,  303  ( Vanessa). 
Thiodamas  Scudd. 

Zephyrus  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  16  (Grapta) ;  lb..  Butt. 
N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  6,  figs.  5-9  (Grapta) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep., 
648  (Nymphalis). 
Eocky  Mountain  region  from  Fort  Simpson  to  Colorado,  and  westward  to 
the  Pacific. 

Food-plant :    Azalea  occidentalis. 

76.  Faunus  Edw.  (Grapta). 

YiRESCENS  Scudd. 
Faunus  Edw.,  Proc  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1863,  222  (Grapta);  lb., 
Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Grapta  1,  figs.  1-4;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  182 
(Vanessa);  lb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  QiS  (Nymphalis);   Scudd.,  Syst. 
Eev.,  10. 
?  Progne  Gosse,  Can.  Nat.,  96,  278  (Grapta). 

GRACILIS  Grote-Rob.,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  432  (Grapta). 
c-argcnteum  (pars)  Scudd.,  Proc.  Ess.  Inst.,  3,  169  (Grapta). 
British  Possessions  and  Northern  United  States,  over  the  eastern  half  of  the 
Continent,  following  down  the  Apalachians,  even  as  far  as  Georgia,  and  reach- 
ing northward  to  the  barren  lauds. 
Food-plants:     Salix  hui/iilis,  Betula  lenta. 

11.    Silenus  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3, 15  (Grapta) ;  lb..  Butt.  N.  Am.,  2, 
pi.  Grapta  1,  figs.  1-4  (Grapta);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  QiS  (Nymphalis). 
Oregon  to  A'ancouver's  Island. 

78.     Oreas  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  373  (Grapta)  ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep., 
183  ( Vanessa) ;  lb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  648  (Nymphalis). 

c-album  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  123  (Grapta). 
California. 
Oreaa  and  Silenus  will  very  likely  prove  to  be  dimorphic  forms  of  one  species. 


253 

79.    Prosjne  Cram.  (PapiHo). 

C-AUOENTEUM    Kirb.,   Faun.    Bor.    Am.,   4,    29'2,    pi.   3,   figs.   C-7 
( Vanes.ia-Grnpta). 
Progae  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  2,  pi.  5,  figs.  E  F  {PapiHo) ;  God.,  Eacycl. 
MiHh.,  9,  aot  (  Vanessa) ;  Doubl.-IIcwita.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  197 
(Orapta);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  648  {Nymphalis);  Scudd.,  Syst. 
Rev.,  10;  Boisd.-Lo  C,  Lrj).  Am.  Sept.,  188,  pi.  50,  figs.  5-G  {Va- 
nessa). 
Grogne  Fabr.,  Mant.  Ins.,  2,  50  {Papilio). 

L-ARGENTEUM   Scudd. 

Northern  half  of  the  United  States,  east  of  and  including  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley,  extending  northward  nearly  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  but  not  invading 
the  barren  lands. 

Food-plants:     Currant,  wild  gooseberry,  elm. 

The  form  l-argenteum  differs  from  the  typical  form  figured  by  Kirby  in 
having  the  hind  wings  much  darker  above,  though  by  no  means  to  the  extent 
that  umbrosa  differs  from  Fabricii  in  the  species  interrogationis. 


28.    EUGONIA  Ilnhner  {1%1Q). 

Type :  Papilio  polychloros  Linn. 

80.  j.  album  Boisd.-LeC.,L(-p.  Am.  Sept.,  185,  pi.  50,  figs.  1-2  {Vanessa); 

Lintn.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  58  {Orapta);   Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  11 
{Nymplialis). 

urticae  Harr.  (nee.  Linn.),  Hitch.,  Rep.  1st  Ed.,  590  {Vanessa), 
vau-album  (pars)  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  184  {Vanessa). 
East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  from  Okkak,  Labrador  and  Great  Slave  Lake, 
to   northernmost    United    States,  occasionally  as   far   south   as   Philadelphia 
(mountains  (?)  of  Cuba). 

81.  californica  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  [2]  10,  306  {Vanessa);  Kirb., 

Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  648  {JVi/mpIudis). 
California ;  Oregon. 
Food-plant :     Ceanothvs. 

2D.     AGLAIS  Dahnnn  (1816). 

Type:  Papilio  urticae  Linn. 

82.  Milborti  Ood.,  Encycl.  Mi'th.,  9,  ZO"  {Vanessa);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep., 

648  {Xymphalis);   Boisd.-Le  C,  L6p.  Am.  Sept.,  187,  pi.  50,  figs.  3-4 
(  Vanessa) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  21. 

furcillata  Say,  Anier.  Entom.,  2.,  pi.  27  {Vanessa), 
urticae  Emm.  (nee  Linn.),  Agric.  N.  Y.,  5,  209  ( Vanessa). 
Across  the  Continent  to  Great  Slave  Lake  to  northernmost  United  States, 
occasionally  as  far  south  as  Philadelphia  ;  Colorado. 
Food-plant :     Urtica  dioica,  etc. 


254 

30.     PAPILIO  Linni  (1758). 

Type:  Papilio  Antiopa  Linn. 

S3.     Autiopa  Xj««.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  10,  47G;  Latr.,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust,  et  Ins., 
14,  83,  pi.  105,  fig.  1  {Nymphdis) ;  Dalin.,  Kougl.  Vetensk.  Acad.  Handl., 
1816,  64  {Aglais) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Scliinett.,  37  {Eugonia) ;  Ochs.  Schmett. 
YiMT.,  A.,  n  {Vanessa);  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Eur.  ^cXimett.,  2  {Hamadryas  an- 
gulata);  Boisd.-Le  C,  Lip.  Am.  Sept.,  173  {Vanessa). 
Mario  Retz.,  Gen.  Sp.  Ins.,  31  {Papilio). 
Hygiaea  Heyd,  Verz.  Eur.  Schmett.,  7  {Vanessa)  sufif.  aberr. 
Lintneri  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agric.  Soc,  1856,  A^'i  {Vanessa). 
Whole  Northern  Continent  (excepting  within  arctic  circle),  as  far  south  as 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Mexico). 

Food-plants  :     Willows,  poplars,  elms. 

31.    VANESSA  Fabricius  (1807). 

Type:  Papilio  Atalanta  Linn. 

84.  Atalanta  Linn.,  S^-st.  Nat.,  Ed.  10,  478  {Papilio) ;  Latr.,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust. 

et  Ins.,  14,  86  (Nymphalis) ;  Dalm.,  Kongl.  Vetensk.  Acad.  Handl.,  1816, 
5b  {Aglais);  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  33  (P^?'aTOm);  Lam.,  Anim.  sans 
Vert.,  4,  29  {Libythea) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Eur.  Schmett.,  2  {ILuaadryas 
decora) ;  Harr.,  Hitch.  Rep.,  1st  Ed.,  390  {Cynthia) ;  Fabr.,  111.  Mag.  Ins., 
6,  281 ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  175. 

Amiralis  Retz.,  Gen.  Sp.  Ins.,  31  {Papilio). 
Newfoundland;    Nova  Scotia;    Southern  Canada    and  southward  over    the 
United   States  from  Atlantic  to  Pacific   (Cuba,  M  exico,  Europe,  and  Mediter- 
ranean district). 

Food-plants  :     TIrtica  (all  species).  Hamulus  lupulus,  BoeJimeria  cylindrica, 
Parietria  debilis. 

85.  Huiitera  Fabr.,  Syst.  Eut.,  499  {Papilio) ;  Sm.-Abb.,  Lep.  Ins.  Geo.,  pi. 

9  {Papilio) ;  Harr.,  Hitchc.Rep.,  1st  Ed.,  590  {Cynthia)  ;  Doubl.-Hewits., 
Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  205  {Pyrameis);  Gey.  in  Hiibn.,  Samml.  Exot. 
Schmett.,  3. 

Uanteri  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  33. 
virginiensis  Kirb.,  Syu.  Cat.  Lep.,  186  {Pyrameis). 
Jole  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  17,  pi.  12,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio). 
Nova  Scotia  ;  Southern  Canada  and  United  States  south  of  British  Posses- 
sions, from  Atlantic  to  Pacific  (Cuba,  Mexico,  Guatemala). 

Food-plants:     Onaphalium  polyeephaliun,   G.  pupureum,   O.  obtusifolimn , 
Antennaria  plantagiui folia,  Myosotis. 

86.  cardui  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  10th  Ed.,  475  {Papilio) ;  Latr.,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust. 

et  Ins.,  14,  SI  {Nymphalis) ;  Fabr.,  111.  Mag.  Ins.,  6,  281  {Cynthia) ;  Dalm., 
Kongl.  Vetensk.  Acad.  Handl.,  1816,  65  {Aglais);  Lam.,  Anim.  sans 
Vert.,  4,  29  {Libythea);  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Eur.  Schmett.,  3  {Hamadryas  de- 
cora) ;  Doubl.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep. ,205  {Pyrameis) ;  Ochs.,  Schmett. 
Eur.,  4,  16,  127;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Li'p.  Am.  Sept.,  178. 

Carduelis  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  40,  pi.  26,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio). 


Labrador;  Newfoundluml  and  Southern  British  Possessions,  southward  over 
the  whole  United  States  (to  Venezuehi  and  the  Antilles,  Europe,  Asia,  Africa, 
Australia,  Polynesia). 

Food-plants:  Scnecio  cineraria,  Ciiicus  benedictus,  Cirsium,  lanceolatum,  C. 
arventse,  Carduiis  nutans,  Onopordium  ucanthiuni.  Lappa  major,  Ileliauthus, 
AWutea  rosea,  Silybum  Marianum  and  Malvaceae. 

87.    Carye  Hilbn.,  ^&n\m\. 'E.yiot.  ^c\\meii.,  \  {Hamadryas    decora);    Doubl- 
Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  205  (Pi/rameis) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  33. 
CItarie  Blancli.  in  Gay,  Chili  7,  2G,  pi.  2,  f\<;.  o. 
California  (down  the  Pacific  coast  to  Chili). 
Food-plants:    Urtica  and  Malvaceae. 

32.  JUXONIA  nnhner  (ISIG). 

Type :  Papilio  Laviuia  Cram. 

88.     Coeiiia  Hubn..  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  2  ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Ltp.  Am.  Sept., 
183,  pi.  49,  figs.  1-4  ( Vanessa). 

Orythia  Sm.-Abb.,  Lep.  Ins.  Geo.,  1,  15,  pi.  8  (Papiliu). 

Lariaia  (pars)  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  318  {Vanessa). 

Lavinia  Harr.  (nee  Cram.),  Hitchc.  Kep.,  1st  Ed.,  590  {Cynthia). 
United  States,  excepting  the  northernmost  States  ;  Bermudas  (Cuba). 
Food-plants:     Linaria  canadensis,  Gerardia  purpurea,  Plantar/o  lanceolnta. 

33.  ANARTIA  Jliibncr  (1816). 

Type  :  Papilio  Jatrophae  Linn. 

89.  Jatrophae  Linn.,  Mus.  Ulr.  Reg.,  289  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9, 

297  (  Vanessa);  Hiibn.,  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Ilamadryas  decora); 
lb.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  33. 

latrophae  Doubl.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  21G. 
Texas;  Southern  Florida  (and  southward  including  Antilles,  to  Brazil). 

34.    DIAETHRIA  BiUherg  (1820). 

Type  :  Papilio  Clymena  Cram. 

90.  *  Clymena  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.  1,  pi.  24,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio) ;  Hubn.,  Verz., 

41  {Callicore). 

Clymenus  Fabr.,  Eut.  Syst.,  3,  43  {Papilio). 
S.  Florida  (Brazil,  Guiana). 

The  identification  of  this  species  is  imperfect,  resting  upon  the  folloAving 
statement  of  Doubleday  (Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  238).  "  The  only  evidence  I  have 
obtained  of  the  occurrence  of  any  species  so  far  north  as  East  Florida,  is  a 
drawing  shown  to  me  by  Dr.  Bachman,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  of  a  species, 
which,  as  far  as  can  be  determined  without  comparison  of  specimens,  is  C(dli- 
corc  Clymenus.     This  drawing  was  made  by  Dr.  Leitner,  from  a  specimen  which 


25G 

he  took  during  his  journey  to  the  southern  parts  of  East  Florida  in  1836. 
Should  this  insect  prove  to  be  a  distinct  species,  I  trust  that  the  entomologist 
who  may  describe  it,  will  name  it  after  the  unfortunate  discoverer,  who  fell  a 
victim  in  the  following  year  to  Indian  treachery,  a  fate  which,  but  for  a  fortu- 
nate detention  on  the  St.  John's,  I  should  probably  have  shared  with  him." 

35.    MESTRA  Hiihner  (1823-26). 

Type  :  Mestra  Hypermestra  Uubn. 

91.     Amymane  M.-iutr.,  Euum.  An.  Mus.  Petrol.,  1,  123,  pi.  9,  fig.  6  {Ci/sti- 

neura). 

Amymone  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  217  {Cystiiieurd). 
Dorcas  Edw.  (nee  Fabr.),  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  18  {Cystineura). 
Texas  (Nicaragua). 

36.    AMniLTCHLORA  Felder  (1861). 
Type :  Papilio  Feronia  Linn. 

92.  *  Fornax  Iliihn.,  Exot.  Schmett.  2  (Ageronia) ;  Feld.,  Neues  Lep.,  19. 
Texas  (and  southward,  at  least  through  Central  America). 

93.  *  Feronia  Liun.,Sys,t.^iit.,EdAO, 4:13 {Papilio);  Hiibn., Exot.  Schmett., 

1  {Hamadryas  decora) ;  lb.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  42  {Ageronia) ;  Feld.,  Neues 
Lep.,  19. 
Texas  (and  southward  to  Brazil). 

37.    TIWETT^^  Boisduml  {ISm). 

Type  :  Tymetes  Merops  Boisd. 

94.  Coresia  Ood.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  359  {WympJmlis) ;  Blanch.,  Hist.  Nat.  Ins., 

3,  447  {Megalura) ;  Doubl.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  203  {2'inietes). 
Zerynthia  Hiibn.,  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  2. 
Sylla  Perty,  Del.  An.  Art.,  151,  pi.  29,  figs.  2,  2b  {Papilio). 
Texas  ;  New  Mexico  (to  Brazil). 

38.    ATHENA  Uuhner  (1816). 

Type:  Papilio  Thetys  i^76r. 

95.  Peleus  Snh.,  Gesch.  Ins.,  pi.  13,  tig.  4  {Papilio);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.,  223 

{Megalura). 

Thetys  Fabr.,  (Jen.  Ins.,  264  {Papilio). 
Thetis  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  358  {Nymphalis). 
Petreus  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  id.  87,  figs.  D  E  {Papilio). 
Eleucka  Edw.  {nac Eleuchea  Hiibn.),  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  22  {Timetes). 
Florida  (to  Brazil). 

Food-yilant :     Anacardium  occidentale. 

Mr.  Edwards  has  shown  me  a  drawing  of  this  spech;s  made  from  a  si)ecimen 
taken  at  Apalachicola  by  Dr.  Chapman. 


257 

96.     Pelleiiis  God.,  Encycl.  Mc'tli.,  9,  359  {Nymphalu). 

Kleuchea  Iliibn.,  Samiiil.  Exot.  Schmett.,  2  (iiec  Zutr.)  (Marpesia). 
Eleucha    Doubl.-llewits.,   Gien.   Diurn.   Lep.,   203,    pi.   33,  fig.  3 

( Timetes- Marpesia). 
f  Petreus  Edw.  (nee  Cram.),  Syii.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  23  {Timetes). 
Texas;  New  Mexico  (Antilles). 

My  knowledge  of  this  species  within  our  limits  is  based  on  a  drawing  sent 
by  Mr.  Belfrage  to  Mr.  Edwards ;  this  docs  not  accord  sufficiently  well  with 
the  figures  of  Hiibner  and  of  Douhleday,  to  make  us  positive  in  its  determi- 
nation ;  in  particular  the  mesial  baud  of  the  prinuiries  bends  above  the  cell  in 
the  figure  by  Belfrage;  below  it  in  the  others  quoted.  The  EUucliea  of  Hiib- 
ner's  Sammlung  is  totally  distinct  from  the  Ekuchea  of  his  earlier  Zutrage. 


39.    VICTORINA  Blanchard  (1840). 

Type:  Papilio  Stelenes  Linn. 

97.     *  Stelenes  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  10,  405  {Papilio);  God.,  Eacycl.  Moth., 
9,  378  {Xynqjhalis) ;  Doubl.-IIewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  205. 
Sthenelits  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  12,  5,  2,  750  {Papilio). 
Sthenele  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  43  {Metamorpha). 
Steneles  Blanch.,  Hist.  Nat.  Ins.,  3,  447. 
Larinia  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3, 1,  22  {Papilio). 
New  Mexico  (Central  America  to  Brazil,  Antilles). 

VII.    Tribe  :  Drtades  Borkhausen  (1788). 
[Papiliones  uobiles  Wien.  Verz.  1775  ;  Argynnites  (pars)  Blanch.  Brulle,  1840.] 

40.     COLAENIS  Iluhner  (1810). 

Type:  Papilio  Julia  FaZ»r. 

98.  *Jiilia  Fahr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  509  {Papilio) ;  Hiibn.,  Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Dryas 

phalerata)  God.,  Ency.  Meth.,  9,244  {Gethosia) ;  Hiibn.  Verz.  Schmett., 32. 
Alcionea  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  pi.  215,  figs.  A.  F.  G.  {Papilio). 
Alcyonea  Herbst.,  Natursyst.,  Schmett.,  pi.  07  figs.  5-7  {Papilio). 
Texas  (and  southward  to  Brazil). 

99.  Delila  Fahr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  510  {Papilio) ;  God..  Eucycl.  Mtth.,  9,  244  (Ct- 

thosia)  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  32. 

Cillene  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  3,  pi.  215  figs.  D.  E.  {Papilio). 
Texas  (Central  America?  ;  Jamaica;  Guiana). 

I  know  this  from  the  United  States  only  by  a  drawing  sent  Mr.  Edwards  by 
Mr.  Belfrage. 

BUL.   BL'F.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  (3:3)  FKBIU'AHV,    1873. 


25S 

41.    AGRAULIS  Boisd.-Le  C.  (1833-4). 
Type  :  Papilio  vanillae  Linn. 

100.  vauillae  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  10,  483  {Papilio) ;  Sm.  Abb.,  Lep.  Ins. 

Geo.,  1,  pi.  13  {Papilio);  Hiibu.  Verz.,  31  {Dione)  ;'God.,  Encycl.  Meth., 
9,  363  {Argynnis) ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  143,  pi.  42,  figs.  1-4. 
passiflorae  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  3,  60  {Papilio). 
Southern  third  of  the  United  States  east  of  Rocky  Mountains  (and  south- 
ward to  Brazil,  including  the  Antilles). 

Food-plants  :     Passiflora  caerulea,  P.  incarnata. 

42.    EUPTOIETA  Doiibleday  (1848). 
Type :  Papilio  Claudia  Cram. 

101.  Claudia  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1,  pi.  69,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio) ;  Hiibn.,  Samml. 

Exot.  Schmett.,  1  {Dryas  fucata) ;  Iliibn.,  Verz.  Schniett.,  30{Brenthis) ; 
Doubl.,  Cat.  Lep.  Brit.  Mus.,  1,  67  {Argynnis);  Doubl.-Hewits,  Gen. 
Diurn.  Lep.,  170. 

Clausius  Herbst,  Natursyst.  Ins.  Schmett.,  9,  189,  pi.  257,  figs.  3-4 
{Papilio). 

Baunius  lb.,  ib.  9,  184,  pi.  250,  figs.  1-2  {Papilio). 
Columbina  God.  (nee  Fabr.),  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,   260  {Argynnis); 
Boisd.-Le  C,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  153,  pi.  44,  figs.  1-4  {Argynnis). 
United  States  (except  the  northernmost  ])ortious)  east  of  the  Great  Plains  ; 
Southern  Ontario  ;  Colorado  ;  New  Mexico  (southward  to  Honduras  and  Guate- 
mala? Cuba). 

Food-plants :  Podophyllum  peltatum,  Passiflora  incarnata,  Viola  tricolor, 
Turnera  ulmifolia,  Besmodium  Sedum,  Portulaca. 

43.  SPEYEKIA  Scudder  (1872). 

Type  :  Papilio  Idalia  Brury. 

102.  Idalia  Brury,  111.  Nat.  Hist.,  1,  pi.  13,  figs.  1-3  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl. 

Meth.,  9,203,  pi.  37,  figs.  1,  1  bis.  {Argynnis);  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am. 
Sept.,  147,  pi.  43,  figs.  1-2  {Argynnis),  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  33 ;  C^&e^e 
(pars.)  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  31  {Acidalia). 
AsTARTE  Fish.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1858,  179,  pi.  2  {Argyn- 
nis)— suff".  aberr. 
AsJitaroth  lb.,  ib.  1859,  352  {Argynnis). 
Food-plant :     Sericocarpus  conyzoides. 

44.  SEMNOPSYCHE  Scudder. 

Type:  Papilio  Diana  Cram. 

Differs  from  Argynnis  in  the  more  arched  costa  of  the  fore  wings,  the  ex- 
cised outer  margin  of  the  same,  especially  in  the  male,  the  legs  excised,  inner 
margin  of  the  hind  wings  next  the  anal  angle,  the  longer  legs,  but  compara- 


259 

tively  shorter  basal  joint  of  tarsi,  tlie  smaller  and  more  pedunculated  pad  and 
rather  stouter  claws,  besides  in  some  points  in  the  neuration  of  the  fore  wing 
and  the  general  pattern  of  coloration. 

103.    Diana  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  2,  pi.  98,  figs.  D  E  {Papilio);  God.,  Encycl. 

Mi'th.,  9,  257  {A )'(/!/ an  is);  Say.  Am.  Ent.,  pi.  17  (Arr/i/nnifi) ;  1  Edw., 
Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Argynnisl,  figs.  1-4  ;  Suppl.,  pi.  Argynuis  1,  figs.  1-4 
(Argynnis) ;  Boisd.-LeC,  L6p.  Am.  Sept.,  149  {Argynuis). 

Southern   Alleghanies;  also,  fide  Say,  "  Arkansaw"  and  Missouri. 

Food  plants  :    Viola   Vcrnnnia. 


45.    AR(iYNNIS  Fabricius  (1807). 
Type  :  Papilio  Aglaja  Linn. 

104.  Nokomis  Edw..  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1862,  221  ;  Herr.-Schaeff., 

Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.,  1,  91  (Brenthis);  Edw.  Butt.  N.  Am.  1,  pi.  Argynuis 
4,  figs.  1-4. 
Montana ;  Idaho. 

105.  "Nitocris  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5, 15. 
Arizona. 

108.     Leto  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  173  ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi. 
Argynnis  10,  figs.  1-4  ;  Suppl.,  pi.  Argynnis  10,  figs.  1-4. 
Cybele  Boisd.  (nee  Fabr.),  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  60. 
California;  Oregon. 

107.  CyheleFabr.,Syst.  Ent.   516  {Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  M^th.,9, 363  ;  Edw., 

Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Argynuis  3,  figs,  1-4  ;  Boisd.-Le  C,  Lep.  Am.  Sept., 
151,  pi.  45,  figs.  3-4. 

Daphnis  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  1  pi.  57,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio). 
Aphrodite  Humph.-Westw.  (liec  Fabr.),  Brit.  Butt.,  3d  Ed.,  46,  pi. 
12,  figs.  4-5. 
Southern  Canada  and  northern   United  States,  as  far  as  Virginia,  east  of 
Plains  ;  most  abundant  southward. 
Food  plant :     Violets. 

108.  Aphrodite  Fabr.,  Mant.  Ins..  3,  62  {Papilio);  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9, 

264  ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi.  Argynnis  3,  figs.  1^. 

Daphnis  Mart.,  Psyche,  pi.  3,  No.  7,  pi.  4,  No.; 9  {Papilio). 

Same  distribution  as  A.  Cybele,  but  most  abiindaut  northward  ;  Colorado. 

Food-plant :     Violets. 

It  seems  to  me  probable  that  the  Atlantis  of  Edwards  is  the  true  Aphrodite 
of  Fabricius,  but  as  it  is  quite  impossible  to  be  certain  of  it,  the  names  ought 
to  stand  as  given  by  Mr.  Edwards,  who  first  clearly  distinguished  the  species 
in  this  difficult  group.  The  species  were  still  confoundod  in  the  British  Muse- 
um after  the  publication  of  Butler's  Fabriciau  butterflies  (see  p.  101) ;  the  Ar- 
gynuis from  Nova  Scotia, called  in  that  work  Aphrodite, beii^g  Edwards'  Atlantis. 


260 

109.  Halcyoue  Edw.,  Batt.  N.  Amer.,  1,  pi.  Argynnis  9. 
Colorado. 

110.  Eilwanlsii  Rmlc,  Proc.  Ent.  Sac.  PIilL,  0,  137  ;  Eiw.,  Butt.  N.  Am., 

1,  pi.  Argynnis  11,  figs.  1-4. 
Colorado ;  California ;  Montana. 

111.  iievadensis  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  14  ;  lb.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi. 

Argynnis  14,  figs.  1-4. 
Nevada;  Montana. 

112.  Meadii  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  G7. 
Colorado. 

Is  this  distinct  from  Edvvardsii? 

113.  Corouis  Behr.,  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  435. 

JiLba  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  13,  60. 
California. 

Mr.  Edwards,  who  has  received  from  Behr  and  Boisduval  specimens  of  their 
species,  declares  them  identical;   Dr.  Boisduval  is  of  the  same  opinion. 

114.  Bisclioffii  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  189. 
Alaska  to  British  Columbia. 

Can  this  be  a  local  race  of  Eurynome  ? 

115.  Earyuome  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  60. 

Astarte  Edw.  (nee  Doubl.),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc  Phil.,  1,221  (nee  3,435), 
Oregon;  California;  Colorado;  Wyoming;  Utah. 
Is  this  distinct  from  Corouis  ? 

IIG.     Atlantis  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc  Phil.,  1862,  54  ;  lb.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1, 
pi.  Argynnis  5,  figs.  1-3. 

Aphrodite  Butl.  (nee  Fabr.),  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep.,  108. 
North-eastern  United  States ;  Canada;  north  to  Hudson's  Bay  and  west  to 
Rocky  Mountains ;  Colorado. 
Food-plant :  Violets. 

117.  Belireiisii  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  2,  370;  lb..  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi. 

Argynnis  12,  figs.  1-4. 
California. 

118.  Breinuerii  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  63;  lb.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  2,  pi. 

Argynnis  4,  figs.  1-4. 
San  Juan  Island. 
Is  this  distinct  from  Callippe  ? 

119.  Callippe  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Eut.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  302 ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.  1, 

pi.  Argynnis  6,  figs.  1-4. 
California. 

120.  Rliodope  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5,13;  lb.,  Butt.   N.  Am.,  2,  pi. 

Argynnis  6,  figs.  1-4. 
British  Columbia. 


2G1 

121.  Adiiinto  Boisd.,  Ami.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  Gl. 

Adiaste  Boisd.  Ms.  in  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pbil.,  3,430. 
California. 

122.  Zcrcne  (pare)  i?o«s(f.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,303;  Edw.,Butt.N.  Am., 

l,pl.  Argynnis  13,  figs.  1-4. 

Ilydaspe  Boisd.,  Ann.,  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  60. 
California. 

123.  mouticola  Behr,  Proc,  Cal.  Acad.  Sc,  3,  84  ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1,  pi. 

Argynnis  8,  figs.  1-4. 

Zerene  (pars)  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  303. 
California  ;  Oregon. 

121.     rupestris  Belir,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sc,  3,  84. 
California. 

125.  iiiornata  Edic,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  4,  64. 
California. 

It  seems  doubtful  whether  this  is  distinct  from  riqyestris. 

126.  Hesperis  Edic,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  2,  502  ;  Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  1 ,  pi. 

Argynnis  7,  figs.  1-3. 
Colorado. 

127.  *Moniioiiia  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  58. 

iiiontivaga  Behr  in  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  435  "Argynnis 
No.  5  "  (preoccupied  ;  see  No.  127.) 
Mountains  of  California. 

Mr.  Edwards  has  received  from  their  authors  specimens  of  Mormonia>&r\A 
Montivaga  (Argynnis  No.  5  Behr)  and  declares  them  identical.  Dr.  Boisduval 
thinks  Mormonia  and  Bgleis  {— Montivaga  or  Argynnis  No.  4  Behr)  are  only 
varieties  of  one  species. 

128.  *moiitiva.<?a  BeJir,  Vroc.  Cal.  Acad.  Sc,  3,  84,  "  Argynnis  No.  4"  (see 

No.  126.) 

Egleis  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12.  59. 

Astarte  Edw.  (nee  Doubl.),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,435  (nee  1,221). 
California. 

129.  *Irene  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  60. 
California. 


262 

46.    BRENTHIS  Hnhner  (181G). 

Type :  Papilio  Hecate  Wien.  Verz. 

130.  3Iyrina  Cram.,  Pap.  Esot.,  2,  pi.  189,  figs.  B  C  {Papilio) ;  Hiibn.,  Verz. 

Scluuett.,  30  {Ai'ffi/nnis) ;  Say,  Am.  Eiit.,  3,  pi.  46  {Melitaea);  Herr.- 
Schaefl".,  Prodr.  Lep.,  1,  73  ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  155,  pi.  45,  figs. 
1-2  {Argynnis). 

Myrinus  Herbst,  Natiirsyst.  Ins.,  Schmett.,  9, 178,  pi.  255,  figs.  8-4 

{PapiUo). 
Myrissa  God.,  Encycl.  Metli.,  9,  266,  806  {Argynnis). 
Northern  half  of  United  States  and  southern  parts  of  British  America,  east 
of  Rocky  Mountains  ;  California  ;  Colorado. 
Food-plants  :     Violets,  wild  and  cultivated. 

131.  Triclaris  Iliibn.,  Esot.  Schmett.,  2  {Argynnis). 

Ossianus  Boisd.  (nee  Herbst),Icon.  Lep., pi.  19, figs.  1-3  {Argynnis)-^ 
Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  157  {Argynnis). 
Labrador  ;  Colorado  ;  Utah  ;  Wyoming. 

182.    Helena  Echo.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  268  {Argynnis). 
Colorado. 

133.  *Morrisii  Beak.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1866,  39. 
California,  Oregon. 

134.  *NenO(luis  Beak.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1808.  40. 
California ;  Oi'egon. 

Is  this  distinct  from  the  European  Dia  f 

185.     Cliariclea  Schneid.,  Fuessl.   Neuest.    Mag.,   5,  588    {Papilio);    Ochs., 
Schmett.  Eur.,  4,  114  {Argynnis) ;  Herr.-Schaeff".,  Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.,  1, 
91  ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  161  {Argynnis). 
arctica  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapp.,  899  {Argynnis). 

Boisduvalii  Somm.  in  Boisd.,  Icon.  Lep.,  1,  98,  pi.  20  figs.  5-6  {Ar- 
gynnis). 
Greenland  ;  British  Possessions  east  of  Rocky  Mountains,  almost  to  southern 
boundaries;  Rocky  Mountain  district  as  far  south  as  Colorado  (northernmost 
Europe). 

136.    *Tarquinius  Curt.,  Ross  Voy.  App.  68  {Melitaea). 

Polar  regions  of  America. 

The  description  by  Curtis  does  not  agree  with  any  of  the  polar  species  known 
to  me;  it  has  generally  been  placed  as  a  synonym  of  Freija,  but  it  certainly 
does  not  agree  with  that. 

187.     Freija  Thnnh.,  Diss.  Ins.  Suec,  2,  34,  figs.  14,  14  {Papilio);  Hubn., 
Verz.  Schmett.,  30  {Argynnis). 

Ih'eya  Hiibn.,  Cur.  Schmett.,  figs.  5^-(S  {Papilio) ;   Herr.-Schaeff., 

Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.,  1,  91. 
Dia  lapponica  Esp.,  Eur.  Schmett.,  1,  pi.  97,  fig.  3  {Papilio). 
British  Possessions,  excepting  southernmost  parts  ;  Rocky  Mountain  district 
as  far  south  as  Colorado;  (northernmost  Europe  and  Asia.) 


263 

138.     Montiiius  ScMdd.,Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,G2G,  pi.  14,  lig.  1  {Argynnia) ; 
lb.,  S}st.  Rev.  Butt.,  25. 
White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire. 

13*).     polaris  BoiscJ.,  Ind.  meth.,  lii  (Arf/i/iinis) ;  Hiibn.,  Eur.  Schmett.,  figs. 
lOlG-1019  {Papilio) ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Lt'-p.  Am.  Sept.,  159  {Argynnis). 
Northern  Greenland  and  Northern  Labrador. 

140.  Frigga  Thunb.,  Diss.  Ins.  Suec.,2,  ^d (Papilio);  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett., 

30  (Argynnis);  Herr.-Schaeff.,  Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.,  1,  91. 
Labrador ;  Colorado  ;  (northernmost  Europe  and  Asia.) 

141.  IJolloua  Fahr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  517  (Papilio) ;  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  271 

(Argynnis) ;  Herr.-Schaeff.,  Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.-,  1,  73  ;  Boisd.-LeC,  Ldp. 
Am.  Sept.,  164,  pi.  45,  figs.  5-G  (Argynnis). 

Myrina  Matt,  (nee  Cram.)  Psyche,  pi.  1,  Nos.  2-3  (Papilio). 
Northern  half  of  L^nited  States ;  southern  parts  of  British  America,  east  of 
Rocky  Mountains  ;  California;  Colorado. 

Food-plants  :    Violaceae,  wild  and  cultivated  ;  grass. 

1-12.     Epitliore  Boisd.  in  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  2,  504  (Argynnis). 

Antithore  Boisd.  in  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  85,  unde- 
scribed  (Argynnis). 
California. 

It  is  questionable  whether  Melitnea  Astarte  Doubl.  is  an  American  species 
and  consequently  I  have  not  quoted  it.  It  seems  probable  that  it  belongs  to 
this  group,  though  the  markings  of  the  under  surface  are  said  to  be  i^eculiar. 

VIII.     Tribe:  Hamadryades  Borkhausen  (1788). 

[Papiliones  variegati  Wien.  Verz.,  1775 ;  Argynnites  (pars)  Blanch.-Brullo, 
1840  ;  Melitaeidae  Newm.,  1871.] 


47.    EUPHYDRYAS  Scudder  (1872). 

Type  :  Papilio  Phaeton  Drury. 

143.  Phaeton  Drury,  111.  Nat.  Hist.,  1,  42,  pi.  21,  figs.  3-4  (Papilio);  Boisd.- 
Le  C,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  1G7,  pi.  47,  figs.  1-2  (Melitaea) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev. 
Butt.,  27. 

Phaetaena  Hiibn.,  Verz.  Schmett.,  28  (J^elitaea). 
Phaetontea  God.,  Encycl.  Meth. , 9, 288,  pi.  38,  figs.  3, 3  bis  (Argynnis). 
Phaedon  Herr.-Schaeff.,  Prodr.  Syst.  Lep.,  1,  79  (^[elitaea). 
Southern  Canada  and  Northern  U.  S.,  east  of  Mississippi  Valley. 
Food-plants ;  Chelone  glabra,  Lonicera  eiliata. 


264 

48.    LEMONIAS  mhner  (180G). 

Type  :  Pai^ilio  Maturna  Linn. 
Division  1. 

144.  Cltaleetlona  Buml.  in  Doubl.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  pi.  23,  fig.  1 

{Melitaea). 

Chalcedon  Edvv.,Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  1,  223  {Melitaea) ;  lb..  Butt. 
N.  Am.,  1,  p.  Melitaea  1,  figs.  1-4  [besides  larva  and  piijia  un- 
numbered] {Melitaea). 
California  ;  Oregon ;  Colorado. 

Food-plants:  Scrophularia,  marylandica,  Biplacus  glutinosus,  Lonicera, 
Mimulus  luteus,  Castelejia. 

145.  *Cooperi  BcJw,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  90  {Melitaea). 
California. 

Food-plant :    Scrophularia. 

Division  2. 

14f>.    Auicia  BouU.-Heicits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  179  {Melitaea). 
California  ;  Nevada  ;  Colorado. 

Editha  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Eut.  Fr.,  [2]  10,  304  {Melitaea). 
Anicia  Edw.,  Proc.  Eut.  Soc.  Phil.,  1,  323  {Melitaea). 
Hills  and  elevated  country. 

NUBIGENA  Belir,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,91  {Melitaea). 
Anicia  Doubl.-Hewits.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  pi.  23,  fig.  2  {Melitaea). 
Above  10,000  feet. 
Food-plants :    Erodium  cicutarium,  Trifoliicm,  Viola. 

147.  Helvia  Seudd.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  12,  405  {Melitaea). 
Alaska. 

148.  Quiiio  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  90  {Melitaea). 
Southern  California. 

Division  3. 

149.  Iloffitianii  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  89  {Melitaea). 
California ;  Nevada  ;  Colorado — high  land. 

150.  Helcita  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  55  {Melitaea). 
California. 

Mr.  Edwards,  Avho  has  received  specimens  of  this  species  from  Boisduval, 
thinks  it  may  be  only  a  vari»;ty  of  Palla.  I  have  a  fragmentary  specimen  de- 
termined by  comparison  with  Boisduval's  types  and  it  seems  ^o  me  distinct. 

151.  Palla  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  [2],  10,  305  {Melitaea). 
California — low  country. 

F()()d-])lant :    Castelejia  brecijlora. 


2G5 

152.  *rola  lioisd.,  Anil.  Eut.  Soc.  Belg.,  12,  50  {Mditaea). 
Southurn  California. 

153.  *Wliitueyi  Bdtr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3, 88  {MelUaea). 
California — alpino. 

154.  Gabbii  BeJir,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  89  (Melitaea). 

sonorae  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Eat.  Belg.,  12,  56  {Melitaea). 
Southern  California — mountains. 

155.  *Steroi)e  Edic,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3, 190  {Melitaea). 
Oregon. 

Mr.  Edwards  places  this  in  the  previous  group  in  his  Synopsis,  but  from 
his  description,  it  would  seem  to  belong  rather  to  this  division. 

156.  *Acastus  Edic,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5, 16  {Melitaea). 
Montana  ;  Nevada ;  Utah. 


49.    THESSALIA  Scudder. 

Type :  Melitaea  Leanira  Feld. 

Differs  from  Lemonias,  to  which  (and  especially  to  the  American  representa- 
tives of  which)  it  is  most  nearly  allied  in  its  somewhat  longer  antennae,  hind 
tibiae  longer  in  comparison  with  the  hind  femora,  the  greater  separation  of 
the  costal  and  subcostal  nervures  of  the  fore  wings,  other  points  of  neuration 
and  the  more  arched  outer  border  of  the  hind  wings. 

157.  Leanira  Boisd.  in  Feld.,  Wien.  Ent.  Monatschr.,  4,  106  {Melitaea). 
California. 

Food-plant :     Cordylanthus  pilosus. 

158.  Theona  Men.,  Enum.  Auim.  Mus.  Petrop.,  1,  86,  pi.  2,  fig.  5  {Melitaea). 
Southern  California  (Nicaragua  ;  Guatemala). 

159.  *TIiekla  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  191. 
Southern  California. 


50.    SCHOENIS  Uuhner  (1816). 

Type  :  Papilio  Cinxia  Linn. 

IGO.     Minntns  {minuta)  Edic. ,Vroc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  1861, 161  [pi.  2,  figs.  2-3 
ined  ?]  {Melitaea). 
Texas. 

161.    *Arachne  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  872  {Melitaea). 
Colorado. 
Mr.  Edwards  thinks  this  may  prove  identical  with  Minuta. 

BUL.   BIT.   soc.    NAT.    SCI.  (.34)  FEBRr.\KT,   1875. 


2Gfi 


51.    CINCLIDIA  ILdmer  (ISIG). 

Type :  Papilio  Phoebe  Wien.  Verz. 

162.    Harrisii  Scudd..  Proc.  Ess.  Inst.,  3,  1G7  [Syn.  excl.]  {Melitaea);  Kirb., 
'  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  174  [Syn.  excl.]  {Pliyciodes) ;  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.  Butt., 
27  {Limnaeci(t). 
Soutliern  Canada  and  Nortbern  United  States  east  of  Great  Plains. 
Food-plant :     Diplopappus  umhellatus. 


52.    CHARIDRYAS  Seudder  (1872). 

Type  :  Melitaea  Nycteis  Douhl. 

163.    Ismeria  Boisd.-LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  1G8,  pi.  46  {Melitaea). 

Oorgone  Hubn.,   Samml.    Exot.    Schmett.   1,  figs.   1-2   (nee   3-4) 

{Dryas  reticulata). 
Carluta  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  6,  141  (Eresia). 
Nycteis  Edw.  (nee.  Doubl.),  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  1861,161  {3Mitaea). 
Middle    and    Southern    United    States,   from    the   Atlantic   to    the    Rocky 
INIountains  ;  Colorado  ;  Montana. 
Food-plant :     Jlelianthus  trachelifoUus. 

161:.  Nycteis  Doubl.,  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  pi.  23,  fig.  3  {Melitaea)  ;  Feld.,  Neues 
Lep.,  49  {Eresia);  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.  Lep.,  173  {Fhyciodes) ;  Scudd.,  Syst. 
Rev.  Butt.,  26. 

Nyctis  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.   Belg.,  12,  53  {Melitaea). 
Ismeria  Harr.  (nee  Boisd.-LeC).  Lis.'Inj.Veg.,  3d  Ed.,  288  {Melitaea). 
Harrisii  Edw.  (nee  Scudd.)  Can.  Ent.,  2,  163  {Melitaea). 
Oenone  Scudd.,  Proc.  Ess.  Inst.,  3,  166  {Melitaea). 
Canada  and  Northern  lialf  of  the  U.  S.  east  of  Rocky  Mts. ;  Colorado. 
Food-plants  :    Jlelianthus dicaricatus,  Actinomeris  squarrosa,  A.  helianthoides. 

53.    PHTCIOBES  ILdmer  (1816). 
Type:  Papilio  Cocyta  Cram. 

165.  Testa  Edic,  'J'rans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  371  {Melitaea)  ;  lb.,  Syn.  N.  A. 

Butt.,  18. 
Texas. 

166.  piilcliclla  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  [2]  10,  306  {.Melitaea). 

Mylitta  Edw.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1861, 160  {Melitaea). 

1  eollina  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  86  {Melitaea). 

Epula  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  12,  54  {Melitaea). 
Texas  ;  Kansas  ;  California  (Mexico). 
Food-plants :    Cardans  sp. 

Mr.  Ecfwards  has  received  specimens  of  Epula  from  BoLsduval  and  considers 
it  identical  with  his  own  Mylitta. 


207 

167.    *Calliiia  BoUl,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  13,  54  {Melitam). 
Sonora  (Mexico). 

16S.     Orsois  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  306. 
Ciililornia  to  Gulf  of  (ieorgia. 

169.  Frisia  Poey,  Cent.  L^p.  ("til)a,  'ZA  Dec.  (Melitaea) ;  lb.,  Mem.  Soc.  Econ. 

Ilab.  (2)  ;J,  135  {Melithaea) ;  llerr.-Schaeff.,  Schmett.,  Cuba,  5  {Eresia) ; 
Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.,  173. 

Gyyes  Ilewits.,  Exot.  Butt.,  3,  pi.  Eresia  6,  figs.  45,  46  (Eresia). 
S.  Florida  (Cuba). 

170.  pallida  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  505  (Melitaea) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat., 

174. 

IfatA  Peak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  G,  143  {Eresia). 
Texas  ;  Kansas  ;  Colorado. 
Matd  Reakirt  is  placed  as  a  synonym  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  E.lwards. 

171.  *l)icta  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  4,  301  {Melitaea) ;  lb.,  Syn.  X.  Am. 

Butt.,  17. 
Nebraska  ;  Colorado. 

172.  *Canace  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  300. 
Southern  California. 

Is  it  distinct  ivom  pratensis  ? 

173.  prateiisis  Behr. 

CAjirESTiiis  Behr,  Proc  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  86  {Melitaea). 
prateniiis  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  86  {Melitaea)  ;  Kirb., 

Syn.  Cat.,  173. 
Camillus  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  368. 
Emissa  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  3,  369. 
MONTANA  Behr,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc,  3,  85  {Melitaea). 
Orsa  Boisd.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg-.,  13,  55  {Melitaea). 
California  ;  Colorado. 

Mr.  Edwards  has  received  from  Drs.  Boisduval  and  Behr  specimens  of  Orsa 
and  montana,  and  declares  them  identical. 

174-.     Tharos  Bruri/,  111.  Nat.  Hist.,  1,  43,  pi.  31,  figs.  5-6  {Papilio) ;  Boisd.- 
LeC,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  170,  pi.  47,  figs.  3-5  {Melitaea) ;  Steph.,  111.  Brit. 
Ent.  Haust,  1,  130  {Eresia) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.-Cat.,  173. 
Tharossa  God.,  Encycl.  Meth.,  9,  389  (Agynnis). 
Pharos  Emm.,  Agric  N.  Y.,  5,  313,  pi.  43,  figs.  5-6  (Melitaea). 
Morpheus  Herbst,  Natursyst.  Ins.  Schmett.,  9,  301,  pi.  360,  figs. 

1-3  (Papilio). 
Enclea  Berg.str.,  Nomcncl.  Ins.  Ilan.,  4,  33,  pi.  79,  figs.  1-3  (Pa- 
pilio). 


268 

Vocyta  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  2,  pi.  101,  fig-s.  A  B  {Papilio). 
Selenis  Kirb.,  Faun.  Bor.  Am.,  4,  289  (MelUaea). 
Marcia  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  2,  207  {Melitaea). 
Liriope  Butl.  (nee  Cram.),  Cat.  Fabr.  Lep.,  103. 
Packardii  Saund.  in  Pack.,  Guide  Ins.,  256  {Melitaea) — suff.  aberr. 
Canada  and  Northern  half  of  U.  S.  east  of   Rocky  Mountains  ;   Colorado  ; 
Montana. 

175.  Batesii  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  226  (Eresia) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat., 

172. 
Virginia  to  New  York. 

176.  Gorg'One  Hiihn.,  Samml.  Exot.  Schmett.,  1,  figs.  3-4  (nee.  1-2)  {Dryaa 

reticulata). 

Cocyta  Hubn.  (nee.  Cram.),  Index,  3  {Phyciodes). 
Georgia  ;  Florida. 

177.  Pliaon  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  2,  505  {Melitaea)  ;  lb.,  Syn.  N.  Am. 

Butt.,  17. 
Georgia  and  Gulf  States. 

178.  *Hermas  Eewits.,  Exot.  Butt.,  3,  pi.  Eresia,  5,  fig.  32  {Eresia) ;  Kirb., 

Syn.  Cat.,  174. 

Oenigueh  Reak.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  5,  225  {Eresia). 
Southern  California  (Mexico). 


54.    ANTHANASSA  Scudder. 

Type  :  Eresia  cincta  Edw. 

In  this  group  I  would  class  those  Hamadryades  which  have  been  placed  by 
authors  under  Melitaea  and  Eresia,  which  are  allied  to  Chlosyne  in  antennal 
structure,  have  the  outer  margin  of  the  fore  wings  produced  at  the  lowest 
subcostal  and  lowest  median  nervules  and  excised  between  them,  and  which 
have  the  hind  wings  fuller  than  usual  in  the  subcostal  area,  producing  a 
straighter  and  broader  outer  margin.  They  seem  to  agree  in  having  a  narrow 
and  nearly  straight  mesial  band  of  spots  on  the  hind  wings,  and  on  the  fore 
wings  a  greatly  interrupted,  nearly  straight,  transverse  series  of  spots  in  the 
outer  half  of  the  wing  and  a  similar  mesial  series,  but  strongly  curved,  and 
below  directed  toward  the  middle  of  the  inner  border. 

179.  texana  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  2,  81  {Melitaea) ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat., 

174. 

cincta  Edw.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  2,  503  {Eresia). 
Smerdis  Hewits.,  Exot.  Butt.,  3,  pi.  Eresia  5,  figs.  33,  34  {Eresia). 
Florida  ;  Texas  (Mexico). 

180.  *puiictata  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  3,  191  {Eresia). 
S.  Arizona  ;  New  Mexico. 

I  am  acquainted  with  two  other  undetermined  species  of  this  genus,  from 
the  Southern  United  States. 


2G9 


55.    CHLOSYNE  Butler  (1870). 

Type  :  Papilio  .(aiiuis  Drury. 

181.  *Jiiiiais  Drury,  111.  Nat.  Hist.,  3,  pi.  17,  figs.  5-6  {Papilio) ;  God.,  En- 

cycl.  Mcth.,  )Vyi(Nyniphnlis);   Doiibl.-Westw.,  Oen.  Diiirn.  Lop.,  1,S() 
(Synehloe) ;  Kirb.  Syn.  Cat.,  17S  {Coatlantoiia). 
Texas  (Mexico). 

182.  Mediatrix  Feld.,  lleise  Novara,  395  (Synehloe);   Kirb.,  Syii.  Cat.,  178 

(Coatlantona). 

Saundersii  Edw.  (nee  Doubl.),  Syn.  X.  Am.  Butt.,  18  {Synehloe). 
Texas  (Xew  Grenada). 

183.  Adjutrix  Scudd. 

Lacinia  Edw.  (nee  Hiibn.),  Syn.  N.  Am.  Butt.,  18  {Synehloe). 

Texas. 

This  species  differs  from  Lacinia  of  Hiibner  (under  which  name  I  have 
received  it  from  Mr.  Edwards)  in  that  the  mesial  band  of  dull,  pale  fulvous 
spots,  deepening  outwardly  into  orange  fulvous,  extends  also  across  the  fore 
wings,  forming  there  an  arcuate  band  broadest  on  the  lower  half  of  the  wing, 
and  especially,  as  a  general  rule,  in  the  lower  median  interspace.  Beneath,  the 
extramesial  spots  of  the  hind  wings  are  wholly  white.  It  is  much  more 
closely  allied  to  Mediatrix  Feld. ,  from  which  it  differs  principally  in  that  the 
mesial  band  of  the  hind  wings  is  broadest  in  the  middle,  and,  excepting  the 
anal  extension  common  to  both  species,  narrows  decidedly  toward  either 
border. 

184.  *Erodyle  Boisd.  MS.  in  Doubl.  Gen.  Diurn.  Lep.,  186  {Synehloe) ;  Bates, 

Ent.  Month.  Mag.,  1,  Si  {Synehloe)  ;  Kirb.,  Syn.  Cat.,  118  {Coatla7itona). 
Texas. 

185.  Crocale  Edw.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5,  17  {Synehloe). 
Arizona. 

IV.     Subfcimily  HYPATI  Iluhn.  (1816). 
[Lybithides  Boisd.,  1836.] 

56.    HYPATUS  //;<&/ier(1825). 

Type  :  Papilio  Carinenta  Cram. 

186.  *Cariiieiita  Cram.,  Pap.  Exot.,  2,  pi.  108,  figs.  E  F  {Papilio);    God. 

Encycl.  Moth.,  9,  170  {Libythea)  ;  Iliibn.,  Cat.  Franck,  85. 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona  (to  Surinam). 

187.  Baelimauii  Kirkl,  Sill.  Amer.  Journ.  Sc,  [2]  13,  336,  fig.  {Libythea) ; 

Edw.,  Butt.  N.  Am.,  2,  pi.  Libythea  1,  figs.  1-4,  a-h  {Libythea). 
Food  plant :     Celtis  occidentalis. 
United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  insect  figured  by  Boisduval  and  Le  Conte  is  a  Cuban  species,  and  has 
never,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  been  found  in  the  United  States. 


270 


XX.    Observations  on  North  American  Moths 

[SECOND  PAPER.] 

BY    LEOX    F.    HARVEY,    A.  M.,  M.  D. 

[Bead  before  this  Society  February  5,  1875.] 

NOCTUAE. 

Ayatela  Radcliffei,  n.  s. 

$  . — Antennae  simple  ;  the  first  and  third  palpal  joints  white,  the  middle 
brown;  thorax  in  front  marked  with  black  at  the  sides.  Head  above,  thorax 
and  collar,  like  primaries  in  color,  unmarked.  Primaries  of  a  frosted  silver 
gray,  the  basal  black  streak  extended  outwardly  to  the  t.  a.  line,  bordered 
above  with  white.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  divaricate,  inner  line  the  darkest,  dis- 
tinct, outer  line  faint,  inner  line  better  marked  at  the  center  of  the  wing, 
with  a  costal  tooth.  Basal  half  line  evident.  T.  p.  line,  commencing  at  the 
costa  nearly  above  the  reniform  spot,  curves  outwardly  to  a  point  beneath  and 
beyond  the  reniform.  The  outer  component  line  is  black,  the  inner  faint; 
the  line  itself  is  obsoletely  angulated  superiorly.  The  characteristic  mark  of 
this  genus  is  well  indicated  above  internal  angle,  crossing  the  t.  p.  line  and 
accompanied  beyond  the  line  with  a  slight  black  shading.  The  subterminal 
line  is  a  faint,  broad,  irregular  streak.  The  reniform  spot  only  half  margined, 
and  that  the  inner  one  with  black;  the  orbicular  spot  oval,  with  a  black  mar- 
gin and  an  almost  white  annul  us  within  that;  the  costa  faintly  dotted; 
fringes  concolorous. 

Beneath  the  primaries  are  fuscous,  the  inner  margin  of  the  wing  nearly 
white,  the  t.  p.  line  very  distinct,  outwardly  angulate  over  the  median  nerv- 
ules.  The  secondaries  above  fuscous,  approaching  to  black,  fringes  white; 
beneath,  of  a  mottled  white;  a  black  dash  near  the  base;  the  discal  spot 
black,  prominent,  the  outer  line  strongly  marked,  obscurely  denticulate,  fringes 
concolorous. 

Expanse,  39  m.  m.     Ilahitat,  Massacliusetts. 

This  species  is  allied  to  A.  hasta,  differing  from  it  in  the  more 
evenly  marked  t.  p.  line,  the  larger  orbicular  spot,  the  want  of  a 
discal  spot  between  the  stigmata,  and  from  all  allied  species  in  the 
absence  of  the  streak  opposite  the  cell.  The  peculiar  frosted  gray 
color  is  shared  by  no  other  species. 


271 

To  this  species  I  give  the  name  o(  Ruddiffei,  lor  in  so  doini,',  I 
connect  a  beautiful  insect  with  the  name  of  one  who  is  too  well 
known  for  me  to  attempt  to  give  prominence  to  himself  or  his 
Avork,  and  show  the  appreciation  and  esteem  I  have  for  a  good 
friend  and  an  able  teacher,  Mr.  Augustus  Kadcliffe  Grote. 

Apatelii  persuasa,  n.  s. 

$  . — A  species  between  A.  superans  and  A.  afflicta.  Smaller  than  superans, 
without  the  testaceous  patch  on  internal  margin  at  base  and  not  so  much 
shaded  with  black.  Clear  gray  and  black,  the  orbicular  more  rounded  than  in 
superans.  The  lines  are  similar  in  the  two  species.  Hind  wings  more  as  in 
afflicta,  whitish,  with  the  veins  marked,  clouded  with  fuscous  outwardly, 
with  a  median  shade.  Beneath  whitish,  with  a  common  line  dentate  on  hind 
wings  which  bear  a  discal  lunule  and  a  mark  above  it  on  costa.  Front  with  a 
black  line.     Thorax  mixed  gray. 

Bxjmnse,  40  m.  m.     Habitat,  Texas  (Belfrage,  August). 

Agrotis  rudeiis,  n.  s. 

$  2  . — This  species  resembles  aiinexa  but  is  smaller  and  has  a  casual  resem- 
blance to  Laphygma  frugiperda.  The  orbicular  is  distinct,  not  absent  as  in 
Mr.  Morrison's  simpUcius.  The  color  is  pale  testaceous  gray,  the  wing  some- 
what mottled  with  fuscous.  A  black  basal  streak  extends  from  the  base 
beyond  the  t.  a.  line  where  it  replaces  the  claviform.  Orbicular  and  reniform, 
small,  subequal,  concolorous,  reniform  with  an  interior  shaded  blackish  annu- 
lus.  A  black  streak  above  the  vein  connects  the  spots  and  obtains  between 
the  orbicular  and  the  faintly  geminate  t.  a.  line.  Below  the  basal  dash,  on  the 
subbasal  space,  the  wing  is  shaded  with  blackish.  T.  p.  line  reduced  to  fus- 
cous points,  sometimes  hardly  visible.  Subterminal  line  pale,  sinuate.  Sub- 
terminal  space  darker,  with  a  pale  apical  shade  before  which  there  is  a  costal 
darker  shading.  Hind  wings  pellucid  white,  slightly  fuscous  in  the  female, 
without  discal  mark.  Head  and  base  of  collar  yellowish  gray;  thorax  fuscous, 
collar  with  a  black  line;  palpi  black  at  the  sides.  All  the  tibiae  spiuose. 
Male  antennae  ciliate  beneath. 

Expanse,  33  m.  ni.     Habitat,  Texas  (Belfrage,  December). 

Agrotis  sculptilisj  n.  s. 

<5  . — This  is  a  cleanly  marked,  handsome  species,  allied  in  color  and  size  to 
Bostoniensis.  The  fore  tibiae  have  the  spinular  series  terminating  in  longer 
spines.  The  eyes  are  indistinctly  lashod.  It  would  thus  share  some  of  the 
character  of  Pleonectopoda  Grote,  and  might  be  referred  to  that  genus.  I  can- 
not consider,  however,  that  genus  as  sufficiently  distinct  from  Agrotis.     The 


272 

mesial  tuft  seems  to  me  to  be  shared  also  by  Agrotis  saucia.  The  single 
species  of  Pleonectopoda  had  better  be  united  with  Agrotis  and  form  the  type 
of  a  section  of  that  large  genus.  Mr.  Morrison  has  referred  the  fimbriaris  of 
Guenee  to  Pleonectopoda  ;  I  do  not  know  the  species,  but,  from  the  description 
of  the  antennae,  etc.,  it  would  seem  to  belong  to  a  different  genus,  for  which 
Mr.  Grote's  proposed  name  in  the  List,  Eucoptocnemis,  should  be  retained. 

Agrotis  sculptilis  has  ashen  fore  wings,  shaded  with  black  beyond  the  median 
shade,  so  as  to  obscure  the  reniform  spot  and  t.  p.  line.  The  markings  are 
neat,  deep-black,  and  very  narrow.  T.  a.  and  basal  half-line  geminate.  T.  a. 
line  slightly  angulate,  the  most  prominent  inflection  below  the  s.  m.  nervure. 
Orbicular  large,  spherical,  concolorous.  Claviform  large,  concolorus.  Reni- 
form well  sized,  indented  outwardly.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  lunulate.  Hind  wings 
soiled  white  ;  beneath  with  faint  discal  mark  and  dotted  line.  The  collar 
with  a  black  central  line.     Tegulae  blackish  cinereous.     Antennae  brushlike. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.     Hahitat,  Texas  (Belfrage,  November). 


Agrotis  cliortalis,  n.  s. 

^  2  . — A  large  species  of  a  faded  olive  gray,  with  some  resemblance  to  the 
species  of  Glaea.  All  the  tibiae  spinose.  Basal  half-line  and  t.  a.  line  marked 
in  deep  velvety  black.  The  t.  a.  line  is  dentate  at  costa,  and  opposite  the  cell 
across  the  median  vein  forms  an  inwardly  concave,  c-shaped  curve,  which  some- 
times stands  out  as  a  disconnected  portion  of  the  line  ;  below  this  the  line 
fades  out  and  the  black  color  ceases.  Ordinary  spots  large,  vague,  concolorous. 
Median  shade  distinct  with  an  inward  angle  on  the  cell  ;  from  the  median 
nervure  below  the  reniform  it  runs  straightly  inwardly  obliquely  to  internal 
margin.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  the  inner  line  more  black  and  slightly  lunulate, 
the  outer  even,  faded  ;  the  line  is  somewhat  s-shaped.  Subterminal  line  faint. 
Hind  wings  fuscous  in  the  female,  whitish  in  the  male.  Head  and  thorax  con- 
colorous with  primaries.  Palpi  black  at  the  sides.  Wings  beneath  with 
ruddy  tinting  on  the  costal  and  terminal  borders,  finely  irrorate  ;  secondaries 
with  a  small  dot  and  outer  fuscous  continued  line  very  near  the  margin,  fad- 
ing out  in  the  male.     Body  hairs  beneath  somewhat  ruddy. 

Expanse,  40  m.  m.     Hahitat,  Texas  (Mr.  Belfrage,  November). 

Besides  the  foregoing  three  species  Mr.  Belfrage  has  collected  in 
Texas,  Agrotis  hadinodis  Grote,  Agrotis  simplicius  Morr.,  A.  alter- 
nata  Grote,  A.  mnraenula  G.  &  R.,  A.  luhricans  (Giien.),  A.  veyiera- 
ii7i5  Walk,  {-trifusca?),  A.  tricosa  Lintner,  A.  auxiliaris  Grote, 
A.  annexa  Treitschke,  ^.  saucia  Hiibner,  and  A.  suffusa  {y^.\.). 


L'7;5 

Diantlioccia  palilis,  n.  s. 

,5  $  . — Tliis  is  a  piik'  ycllow-fjray  species  with  something  of  the  tone  of 
insolcns.  The  niah'  lias  tlie  hind  wings  ))ure  white,  inimacuLite,  the  female 
fuscous.  The  orilinary  lines  are  approximate  ;  the  inner  line  of  the  t.  p.  line 
fine,  black,  regularly  waved,  in  the  female  the  line  is  not  defined.  The  median 
space  is  narrowed  inferiorly.  Both  sexes  show  the  median  shade  as  a  distinct 
black  ill-defined  shade  spreading  to  a  blotch  on  the  cell  between  the  obsoletely 
ringed  stigmata  ;  there  is  a  more  yellowish  shade  on  the  median  space  inferior- 
ly. Subterniinal  line  obsolete  or  indicated  l)y  a  fuscous  blotching.  The  female 
primary  is  darker  than  the  nuile.  Head,  tliorax  and  abdomen  above  concolor- 
ous  with  the  ground  color  of  the  wings.  Pai])i  black  at  the  sides.  Feet  dotted 
black  and  pale,  else  the  vestiture  is  pale  on  the  legs  and  body.  Eyes  hairy  ; 
oviduct  feeblv  exserted. 

Expanse,  28  m.  in.     Hah.,  Te.vus  (Belfnigc). 

Mamestra  luarinitincta,  n.  s. 

$  . — This  small  species  has  the  tliorax  and  fore  wings  entirely  of  a  delicate 
greenish  gray.  The  sides  of  the  tegulae  are  black.  The  narrow  palpi  are 
black  laterally.  The  median  lines  are  black,  very  approximate  inferiorly 
and  the  small  black  outlined  claviform  nearly  spans  the  median  space. 
The  median  space  is  more  brown  or  blackish  than  the  rest  of  the  wing. 
The  t.  p.  line  is  regularly  scolloped  ;  the  t.  a.  line  is  convex,  nearly  even, 
well  marked.  The  orbicular  is  rounded,  small,  black-ringed,  concolorous. 
The  reniform  is  empty,  veiy  little  constricted,  of  the  pale  greenish  color 
of  the  wing  which  obtains  over  the  costal  region  of  the  median  space.  Sub- 
terminal  line  obsolete.  Hind  wings  blackish  fuscous,  paler  at  base,  with 
whitish  interlined  fringes  and  traces  of  an  outer  line  more  apparent  beneath 
where  they  are  whitish,  irrorate  on  costal  region  and  show  a  distinct  discal 
dot.  Fore  wings  beneath  blackish,  except  along  internal  margin  where  they 
are  whitish.     Tibiae  and  tarsi  black  and  gray  marked  ;  eyes  hairy. 

Exjmnse,  25  m.  m.     Hah.,  Te.Ktis  (Belfrage,  November). 

Ilumohadeua  atricollarls,  n.  s. 

A  small  species  very  similar  to  hadistrign,  differing  by  the  shaded  black 
streak  from  the  base  outwardly  to  the  exterior  margin  being  apparently  sin- 
gle, there  being  no  distinct  submedial  basal  and  cellular  streaks  as  in  hadistriga. 
The  course  of  the  median  line  is  the  same.  The  black  shade  includes  a  white 
cellular  .spot  near  the  t.  p.  line.  This  latter  is  a  little  more  uneven  than  in 
its  ally.     The  collar  is  not  pale  but  marked  with  deep  black  at  the  base,  nar- 

BUL.    BUF.   SOC.   N.\T.    SCI.  (.35)  FKBRUAUT,    1873. 


274 

rowly  lined  above  with  white,  and  the  disc  of  the  thorax  is  also,  with  the  top 
of  the  collar,  ashen  black.  The  upper  edge  of  the  collar  is  narrowly  edged 
with  white.  Tlie  hind  wings  above  are  wholly  pale,  uulined;  beneath  with  a 
faint  line. 

Expanse,  27  m.  m.     Ilah.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

Homohadena  induta,  n.  s. 

Palpi,  the  third  article  very  short,  with  brown  markings  ;  antennae,  simple. 
Thorax  and  primaries  of  a  blackish  brown,  irrorate  with  black  ;  beneath  the 
thorax  and  abdomen  are  a  light  gray;  above  the  abdomen  is  a  blackish  gray; 
the  legs  are  gray  with  black  markings.  The  linear  black  basal  streak  is  con- 
tinued across  the  t.  a.  line  ;  the  t.  a.  line  is  curved  a  little  outwardly  on  the 
costa,  then  straight  to  the  internal  margin.  The  t.  p.  line  is  nearly  straight 
to  the  center,  then  passes  inwardly  and  downwardly  to  the  position  of  a  me- 
dian shade,  from  that  straight  to  the  inner  margin.  The  subterminal  line 
consists  of  a  slight  irregular  shading,  the  terminal  line  distinct,  continuous, 
fringes  concolorous.  Beneath,  cinereous,  slight  markings  on  the  costa,  ter- 
minal line  present.  The  secondaries  above  are  centrally  pellucid  white,  bor- 
dered outwardly  irregularly  with  fuscous,  the  veins  soiled.  Beneath,  the 
discal  spot  and  an  outer  evident  line,  the  costal  and  posterior  borders  peppered; 
fringes  white. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.     Hah.,  Texas. 

Distinguished  by  the  narrowness  of  the  lines  and  tlie  want  of  a 
suffusion.  The  tone  is  like  that  Lepipolys  perscripta,  and  the  ge- 
neric position  of  the  species  is  not  assured. 

Prodenia  flavimedia,  n.  s. 

5  5  . This  species  is  much  smaller  than  commclinae,  and  is  probably  the 

commelinae  of  the  Missouri  Reports.  It  is  found  from  New  York  to  Texas. 
The  median  space  below  the  nervure  and  obliquely  upwards  to  costa  over  the 
orbicular  is  dull  ocher  yellow,  and  the  thoracic  squamation  is  mixed  with  the 
same  color.  The  apices  and  subterminal  space  except  between  the  third  and 
fourth  nervules  are  washed  with  whitish.  The  subterminal  line  is  white,  very 
near  the  margin,  slightly  indented  opposite  the  cell.  The  brown  fringes  are 
cut  finely  with  white  at  the  extremity  of  the  veins.  The  reniform  is  incurved, 
marked  with  yellowish  superiorly,  narrow.  Hind  wings  pellucid,  iridescent, 
without  discal  marks  above  or  below,  with  narrow  smoky  edging  and  soiled 
veins. 

Expanse,  3-4  m.  ni. 

This  cannot  be  Guenee's  ornithogalU,  which  is  described  as  want- 
ing all  yellow  shadings  and  has  an  ol)tuse  reniform  like  Lapliyyma 
frufiiperda. 


27.3 

Prodonia  liiicnfclln,  n.  s. 

This  spt'cics  rcscinlilcs  tlic  preceding:  in  sizo,  but  differs  by  wantinj^  all  yel- 
low shiidcs.  The  white  apicid  spot  limited  by  the  white  .siiljtenuiiial  line 
which  is  shaped  as  in  Jlavimedia,  but  visible  throughout  its  course.  Tliere  is 
u  white  shade  on  the  subterrainal  space  opposite  the  cell,  else  the  subtenninal 
space  is  dark  like  the  rest  of  the  wing.  The  median  nervure  and  the  third 
and  fourth  nervulos  on  the  median  space  are  marked  with  pale  and  the  orbicu- 
lar lies  in  a  i)ale  ol^lique  shade.  Keniform  as  in  flavimcdia,  but  not  distinctly 
pale  superiorly.  Claviform  distinctly  outlined  with  black;  in  flavimedia  it  is 
obscured  by  the  yellow  shading  of  the  median  field.  Fringes  cut  with  white. 
Hind  wings  ])ellucid,  iridescent,  without  discal  dots  and  with  narrow  smoky 
borders.  Thorax  dark  wood  brown  like  the  ground  color  of  fore  Avings.  Ab- 
domen tufted  at  base. 

Expanse,  35  m.  m.     Hub.,  Te.\as  (Belfrage). 

An  allied  Californian  species  in  the  Collection  differs  by  the 
clouded  secondaries  with  discal  dot  beneath. 


Ablopharon  absidiini;  n.  s. 

Palpi  porrect,  third  joint  short,  antennae  simple,  eyes  naked.  Thorax 
above  of  a  light  lemon  yellow,  beneath  still  lighter,  abdomen  almost  white. 
The  primaries  concolorous  with  the  thorax,  slight  dark  shadings  on  the  nerv- 
ules,  the  discal  spot  evident,  fringes  pale.  Beneath  there  is  the  slightest 
shade  of  lemon  yellow,  the  center  having  a  dusky  shade.  The  secondaries  are 
whitish,  above  they  are  tinged  with  yellow  and  have  the  nervules  brought  into 
prominence  by  dark  shadings.  Beneath  there  is  the  merest  approach  to  yel- 
low shading  ;  the  fringes  ax'e  broad  and  glistening  white. 

Expanse,  35  ni.m.     Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  No.  2724,  Oregon. 

This  species  differs  from  A.  Henrici  by  the  absence  of  the 
strongly  marked  longitudinal  lines,  and  in  the  lemon  yellow  cast. 


Graphiphora  arthrolita;  n.  s. 

5  5  . — Eyes  hairy;  male  antennae  with  the  joints  long  and  somewhat  bead 
like,  bristled  beneath.    The  tibiae  unarmed,  the  thorax  subquadrate,  untufted, 
abdomen  untufted,  the  wings  wide,  the  primaries  pointed  at  apices,  external 
margin  rounded,  produced  opposite  median  nervules,  sloping  inwardly  to  the 
internal  angle  below  vein  2.     The  thorax  and  primaries  are  a  light  brownish 


27fi 

drab  witli  a  yellowish  shade  ;  the  t.  a.  line  is  black  but  faint  ;  the  median  shade 
more  marked,  most  distinct  just  inside  the  reuiforra  spot  on  the  cell,  making 
two  angles,  outwardly  and  inwardly;  the  t.  p.  line  geminate,  above  rounded 
outwardly,  below  inwardly,  the  outer  component  line  very  distinct  and  waved; 
the  subterminal  and  terminal  lines  a  series  of  black  dots;  the  reniform  spot 
concolorous  with  a  pale  annulus;  the  orbicular  spot  hardly  perceptible.  Be- 
neath dusky,  an  arcuated  line  on  both  wings;  a  discal  spot  on  the  secondaries. 

Expan&e,  38  m.  m.     Hal).,  California  (Mr.  Belirens,  Noyember). 

Distinguishable  by  the  distinct  l)]ack  spots  of  the  subterminal 
line. 


Orthosia  crispa,  n.  s. 

5  5  . — The  thorax  and  primaries  of  a  bright  tawny  brown,  a  slight  trace 
of  the  basal  half  line,  the  t.  a.  line  geminate,  irregular,  tlie  median  shade  line 
quite  distinct  at  the  inferior  border,  the  t.  p.  line  geminate,  its  outer  line 
waved.  The  subterminal  is  broken  into  a  series  of  black  points;  it  is  inaugu- 
rated on  costa  by  very  distinct,  double,  shaded,  black  marks;  the  terminal 
line  is  broken  up  into  black  points.  The  reniform  and  orbicular  spots  concol- 
orous with  the  wing,  only  faintly  marked,  each  having  a  darker  annulus,  the 
reniform  constricted,  with  a  black  spot  filling  its  lower  portion;  the  median 
shade  visible  below  the  spot.  The  fringes  are  of  a  dark  brown.  Beneath  of 
a  light  brown  shade,  glistening,  the  discal  spot,  the  t.  p.  and  the  subterminal 
lines  i)resent. 

The  secondaries  above  have  a  cinereous  shade  with  a  wide  light  brown  bor- 
der all  around.  Beneath  concolorous  with  the  under  surface  of  the  primaries, 
the  discal  spot  and  t.  p.  line  but  slightly  defined. 

Expanse,  33  m.  m.     Mr.  Behreiis,  Sanzalito,  Cal.,  Oct.  22. 
This  species  is  allied  to  0.  purpurea  Grate. 


(ilaea  tremulaj  n.  s. 

S  $  . — Varies  slightly  in  the  tone  of  ])riiuari(^s  which  are  pale  olive  brown 
wfth  faded  brown  lines.  Abdomen  liattened.  Allied  to  inulta.  The  reni- 
form is  narrower  superiorly  and  encloses  a  black  dot.  The  t.  p.  line  is  slightly 
lunulate  ;  the  t.  a.  line  outwardly  bent,  slightly  sinuous  ;  the  orbicular,  rather 
small,  separate,  rounded.  Ilind  wings  blackish  fuscous  with  bright  fringes. 
Internal  margin  of  the  fore  wings  reddish  stained  as  are  the  fringes.  Body 
parts  concolorous.     Median  shade  hardly  apparent. 

Expanse,  42  m.m.     Hah.,  Texas  (Belfrage,  November). 


277 

'I'his  species  is  very  ineoiispicuously  iiKirki'd,  the  lines  (tl"  :i  more 
lirown  tone  than  the  wing  and  all  the  markings  of  the  genus  are 
present.  From  inulta  it  differs  by  the  lunulate  t.  p.  line,  and  the 
concolorousness  of  the  lines  and  stigmatal  rings,  as  well  as  by  the 
erect,  not  oblique  position  of  the  ordinary  spots. 


Xjloinijjes  crncialis,  n.  s. 

^  2  . — Piilpi,  short,  eyes  hairy,  antennae  stron|^ly  pectinate,  the  thorax  and 
primaries  Avhitish  gray,  a  well  marked  black  collar,  the  thoracic  vestiture  at  the 
base  of  the  wing  margined  with  hlack,  a  black  basal  streak.  The  transverse 
lines  are  broken,  black,  running  diagonally  across  the  wing.  From  the  apex 
an  interrupted  black  shade  extends  across  the  t.  p.  line  to  the  t.  a.  line  giving 
the  appearance  of  a  cross.  The  reniform  and  orbicular  spots  are  obsolete, 
the  former  with  a  central  carneous  shade,  well  defined  black  jwints  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  nervules.  Beneath  of  a  paler  gray,  an  angular  brown  mark 
at  the  costa,  carneous  shadings  surrounding  it,  Im-owu  points  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  nervules,  near  the  base  the  costa  is  distinctly  marked  witli  brown. 
The  secondaries  are  white  with  the  discal  spot  and  terminal  lines  present, 
broken.  Beneath  there  is  a  brown  shading  on  the  costa  and  the  spot  and  lines 
as  above,  fringes  white.  The  species  resembl.es  curinlis  in  the  white  seconda- 
ries and  hiemalis  in  the  marking  and  color  of  the  primaries. 

Expanse,  30  m.  m.     Ily.  Edwards,  5575,  California. 


Anna])]iila  mera,  n.  s. 

Pali)i  with  the  third  article  black.  Primaries  brownish  black;  the  t.  a.  line 
geminate,  convex  and  shaded  light  inwardly.  The  t.  p.  line  rounded  out- 
wardly opposite  the  stigmata;  a  dark,  nearly  black  median  shade  line,  near 
the  lower  portion  a  line  unites  the  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines,  the  subterminal  line 
faintly  marked.  The  reniform  has  a  light  annulus,  the  orbicular  spot  light 
in  color,  oblique,  fringes  concolorous.  Beneath  the  wing  is  of  a  bright 
yellow,  with  a  dark  broad  margin,  nearly  black;  at  the  center  are  two  sub- 
quadrate  spots  of  a  deep  black,  the  t.  p.  line  is  observed  at  the  costa  outside 
of  the  spots,  the  costa  is  darkly  shaded  near  the  base  of  the  wing.  At  the 
inferior  border  the  yellow  fades  nearly  out  and  the  line  of  demarcation  is 
nearly  black. 

Secondaries  of  a  darker  yellow,  black  discal  spo's,  broad  uneven  brown 
border,  below  of  a  grayish  yellow,  the  discal  spot  faint,  the  border  dark  and 
even. 

Expanse,  23  m.  m.      Ilab.,  California. 


278 

Distinguisluible  from  decia  and  cleijida  by  the  absence  of  the 
basal  black  fascia  on  secondaries.  Allied  to  danistica  by  the 
markings  of  the  nnder  snrface  of  fore  Avings  bnt  the  color  is  paler, 
the  black  spots  not  ocellate  and  the  onter  line  fragmentary. 


(irotella,  n.  g. 

The  moth  is  closely  scaled,  the  body  parts  being  all  appressedly  squamous. 
Ocelli.  Fore  tibiae  with  an  inner  terminal  claw  like  spine  and  a  short  outer 
spinule.  Middle  tibiae  spinose  ;  .hind  tibiae  unarmed  ;  all  the  tarsi  unarmed. 
Palpi  not  exceeding  the  embossed  front.  Eyes  naked.  Male  antennae  stout 
and  rather  short,  entirely  simple,  being  merely  pubescent  beneath,  scaled  above. 
Fore  wings  triangulate,  apices  rounded,  entire  ;  hind  wings  rounded. 

This  genws,  named  for  Mr.  A.  R.  Grote,  is  erected  for  a  small 
species,  recalling  the  Arctiid  genns  Emydia,  with  snow  white  pri- 
maries. The  genus  falls  in  between  Heliotliis  and  Tarache.  The 
7ieuration  cannot  as  yet  be  studied. 


Grotella   septcmpunctata,  n.  s. 

5  . — Fore  wings  and  thorax  immaculate  snow  white.  At  the  place  of  the 
t.  a.  line  are  three  perpendicular  black  distinct  rounded  dots,  one  at  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing,  one  at  costa,  one  at  internal  margin.  This  is  succeded  at 
outer  third  by  a  second,  nearly  parallel  row  of  four  black  dots  in  pairs,  the 
interspace  between  the  second  and  third  dots  over  the  median  nervules  being 
widest.  Beneath  the  fore  wings  are  blackish,  except  at  internal  margin,  with 
a  black  stained  dot  at  outer  third.  Hind  wings  white  beneath,  with  the  costal 
edge  smoky  and  an  indication  of  a  transverse  facia  there  apparent ;  above 
smoky  outwardly,  white  at  base.  Antenn-ae  testaceous.  Head  above  white, 
face  black;  terminal  palpal  joints  black.  Tongue  testaceous.  Legs  mostly 
black  or  blackish,  Avhite  or  dotted.     Lines  of  the  thorax  beneath  white. 

Expanse,  21  m.  m.     Hah.,  Texas  (G.  W.  Belfrage,  Xovember). 


Ly§:raiithoccia  roseitincta,  n.  s. 

Antennnae,  simple,  hairy,  labial  palpi,  hairy,  eyes  naked,  ocelli,  fore  tibae 
with  a  double  row  of  spinules  and  inner  longer  terminal  claw;  middle 
and  hind  tiluie  uiuirmed.  Thorax  of  a  light  ochrcous  yellow,  beneath  drab ; 
abdomen  dark  Quaker  drab  at  upper  portion,  lower  portion  reddish,  beneath. 


279 

liglit  canniiu'  icd,  anal  tuft  yellow;  tihac  red.  Prinuirios  lijrlit  ln'own  dial), 
a])i)roacliing  a  dusky  yellow,  t.  a.  line,  siiig'lc,  convex  outwardly,  most  anj^u- 
late  at  cell,  almost  obliterated  on  Inl'erior  margin,  .s])uce  between  the  t.  a.  line 
and  the  thorax  filled  with  carmine  ;  t.  j).  line,  concave  above,  cf)nvex  below, 
even  on  the  costa  ;  carmine  slniding  in  the  subterniinal  space,  an  ill-defined 
median  sliade  ;  terminal  line  black,  fringes  whitish.  Keniform,  oval,  inwardly 
oblique,  orbicular  absent.  Beneath,  carmine  red,  apex  and  costa  white,  basal 
streak  black  ;  orbicular  spot  a  black  dot,  a  white  line  uniting  it  with  the 
sub{|ua(lrate  r<Miif()rm  spot,  subterminal  and  terminal  spaces  blackish,  hardly 
obscuring  the  carmine,  inferior  marginal  region  white.  The  secondaries  are  of 
a  bright  crimson  color,  a  broad  black  margin  not  extended  quite  to  anal  angle, 
fringes  white  except  at  anal  angle,  where  they  are  concolorous.  Beneath, 
concolorous,  the  black  band  only  obtaining  at  internal  angle,  a  shade  darker 
on  the  disc,  fringes  concolorous. 

Expanse,  18  in.  m.     Ildb.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

This  species  is  allied  to  Spraguei  and  PacJcardi,  differing  by  the 
crimson  hind  wings  and  the  absence  of  the  discal  spot. 


Aeopa,   n.  g. 

The  eyes  are  naked;  the  tibiae  all  unarmed.  The  body  is  linear  and  narrow, 
the  vestiture  rather  rough,  flattened  scales  and  hair ;  there  is  a  dense  bunched 
tuft  of  scales  on  the  thorax  behind.  The  male  antennae  are  brush-like.  The 
wings  are  elongate,  costal  edge  depressed,  widening  outwardly.  The  habitus 
and  markings  recall  Lygranthoecia  marginata,  and  the  genus  is  allied  to  the 
Heliothidae  rather  than  to  Iladcna. 


Aoopa  carina;  n.  s. 

5  $  . — Olivaceous  blackish,  the  fenuile  is  paler.  The  basal  half -line  is 
dentate,  the  extra  basal  space  along  the  lines  washed  with  white.  Median 
lines  dark,  the  t.  a.  flexuous,  the  t.  p.  minutely  rivulous,  edged  with  white 
outwardly;  the  lines  approximate  inferiorly.  Reniform  obsoletely  indicated, 
upright,  broader  at  base,  black  shaded,  with  a  black  annulus  ;  orbicular  want- 
ing. Subterminal  line  absent.  A  white  inner  terminal  shading  to  the  lilack 
marginal  line.  Hind  wings  wholly  blackish.  Beneath  both  wings  blackish, 
immaculate.     Abdomen  feebly  annulate  with  ]>ale. 


Expanse,  23  ni.  m.     Ilab.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 


280 

Lita,  u.  g. 

Form  of  Syneda,  differing  by  the  lashed  and  naked  eyes  being  constricted 
and  the  male  antennae  being  furnished  with  a  thick  cilial  fringing.  The  head 
is  more  sunken  and  the  vestiture  more  hairy  than  in  Syneda. 

Lit.*!  sexsig^nataj  n.  s. 

Primaries  blackish,  with  Syneda-Vike,  markings.  Two  whitish  incomplete 
fasciae,  the  first  on  the  median  space  anteriorly,  inconspicuous,  and  some- 
times obsolete,  the  second  beyond  the  reniform.  Beneath  the  fasciae  are  more 
distinct,  the  outer  continued  to  internal  margin.  Hind  wings  black,  with 
three  spots  on  either  surface,  above  light  sulphur  yellow,  beneath  white  ;  the 
upper  spot  on  the  disc  the  larger,  the  lower  two  are  situate  opposite  each 
other  near  external  margin  before  the  angle,  fringes  black,  touched  with  white. 
Body  hairs  blackish,  beneath  mixed  with  pale  ;  anal  hairs  yellowish  white. 

Expanse,  37-32  m.  m. 

Mr.  Henry  Edwards,  No.  5536,  ISTevada ;  Mr.  Crotch,  in  Mns. 
Conip.  Zoology. 

Bolina  Juctinda,  Ehbner. 

Specimens  sent  by  Mr.  Bclfrage  from  Texas  are  better  marked 
than  material  from  Alabama  in  the  Collection  which  corresponds 
Avith  Gnenee's  description  of  cinis.  I  think  the  species  admits  of 
both  forms,  while  the  Texan  specimens  better  agree  with  Hiibner's 
fio'ure. 


'o' 


Bolina  agTotipeiiuis,  n.  s. 

Stouter  than  jMcwnfZa;  the  fore  wings  are  of  the  obscure  yellow  fuscous  tint 
that  characterizes  some  specimens  of  Agrotis  saucia,  and  have  inconspicuous 
markings.  The  median  space  is  palest  ;  the  subterniinal  line  is  indicatetl  on 
costa,  wliere  it  is  pale,  geminate  and  preceded  by  two  cuneiform  black 
marks.  The  median  lines  are  badly  defined  ;  a  black  stain  marks  the  reni- 
form. The  terminal  festooned  line  is  obvious,  and  is  repeated  on  the  fringes 
which  are  fuscous,  touched  with  white  at  internal  angle.  Hind  wings  largely 
black,  white  at  base;  the  marginal  antennal  white  fleck  inconsi)icuous,  fringes 
white,  touched  witli  fuscous. 

Exjjanse,  45  m.  m.     Texas  (Bclfrage). 

Eiibolina,  n.  s. 

Differs  from  Bolina  by  the  lengthily  ciliate  male  antennae.  The  frontal 
squamae  are  gathered  into  a  pointed  tuft.  The  palpi  are  shorter,  not  curved 
upwards,  but  extended  straightly  forwards,  the  second  joint  not  exceeding  the 


281 

front,  the  tliinl  olonjjate  and  compiirativoly  stout.  Tim  liiud  wiii^s  are 
rounded,  not  whito  in  tlio  disc,  but  wholly  brown,  sliadcd  transversely,  dis- 
tantly recalling  the  genera  allied  to  Ilomoptera. 

Eiibuliiia  inipartialis,  n.  s. 

The  terminal  ])ali)al  joints  are  a  little  longer  than  usual,  subspatulate. 
Rather  stout  bodied.  Median  lines  brown,  of  the  usual  shape,  but  lunulate, 
not  even.  Median  s])ace  whitish,  shaded  lightly  with  blackish  on  costa.  The 
narrow  median  shade  line  is  irregular  and  continued,  thread-like,  dentate.  A 
minute  point  for  the  orbicular.  Keniform  upright,  narrow,  black-ringed. 
The  subterminal  line  is  preceded  by  a  blackish  shading.  Terminal  space  shaded 
with  pale  br.)wn  iiiferiorly.  Terminal  festooned  line  evident.  Ilind  wings 
wholly  brownish  fuscous  with  faint  indications  of  outer  parallel  rivulous 
shade  lines.  Beneath  the  hind  wings  are  whiti.sh,  with  minute  dot  and  outer 
narrow  lunulate  fuscous  line  ;  a  subterminal  line  indicated  before  the  margin. 
Fore  wings  with  the  costa  whitish,  else  pale  testaceous,  with  discal  mark  ; 
traces  of  a  median  arcuate  line  on  costa,  and  a  subterminal  shade  line  faintly 
continuous.     Body  wliite  beneath. 

E.qjanse,  32  m.  m.     July  24th,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

Stictoptcra  dlvaricata,  Grote. 

A  fresh  Te.xan  specimen  is  more  purely  hlackish,  the  thoracic 
crests  and  lateral  abdominal  hairs  remaining  ferruginous,  than  Mr. 
Grote's  type  from  Wisconsin.  The  fore  wings  are  Avhite  fi?cked  on 
the  disc  and  on  internal  margin  about  the  t.  p.  line.  The  apical 
white  lunule  inaugurating  the  subterminal  line  is  distinct.  The 
under  side  is  as  in  the  type.     Dec.  3d  (Belfrage). 

Catocala  Bclfrasriaiia,  n.  s. 

Palpi  brown,  third  article  short,  antennae  simple.  The  thorax  hoary  gray. 
The  abdomen  pale  brownish  yellow,  beneath  the  thorax  and  abdomen  grayish. 
The  primaries  concolorous  with  the  thorax.  On  the  costa  are  indications  of 
the  lines,  else  obliterate.  The  outer  half  of  the  wing  is  a  few  shades  darker 
than  the  inner  half,  having  somewhat  of  a  silky  lustre.  Fringes  concolorous. 
Beneath  the  Aving  is  of  a  pale  lemon  yellow  ;  a  median  black  band  is  con- 
stricted at  the  inner  margin.  The  terminal  band  is  black,  broad,  anteriorly 
concave,  nearly  approaching  the  median  band  on  the  costa. 

The  secondaries  are  of  a  deep  yellow  ;  the  terminal  band  is  blackish,  broad, 
constricted  before  the  angle,  and  forming  a  nearly  disconnected  spot.     The 

Bl-L     Brr.    SOC.    N.^T.    SCI.  (36)  .  FEEBUARV,    187.5. 


282 

anal  angle  is  free  from  black  scales.  Fringes  white  ;  no  median  band.  Be- 
neath the  wings  are  of  a  lighter  yellow,  hoary  on  the  costa,  a  faint  median 
band  terminating  at  the  disc  ;  the  terminal  band  ill  defined. 

Expanse,  46  m.  m.     Mr.  Belfrage,  No.  9;  June  16th,  Texas. 

Diflfers  from  Guenee's  description  of  messalina  by  the  eoncoh")r- 
oiis  collar  and  by  the  obsolescence  of  all  markings  on  the  primaries, 
as  well  apparently  by  its  larger  size,  Avhile  the  cut  of  the  wings 
sensibly  differs  from  andropliila  and  allies. 

Named  for  Mr.  G.  W.  Belfrage,  whose  scientific  collections  in 
Texas  are  Avidely  appreciated,  and  have  greatly  increased  our  knowl- 
edge of  our  fauna. 

Reinigia  hexastylus,  n.  s. 

t,  . — This  is  a  large  species  which  has  the  hind  feet  provided  with  flattened 
hair  "  en  nageoire."  It  cannot  be  the  marcida  of  Guenee,  because  this  author 
says  :  "  Toutes  les  lignes  peu  marquees,"  etc.  The  fore  wings  are  somewhat 
pale  lilac  gray  with  the  costal  edge  dusky,  powdered  finely  and  sparsely  with 
black  dots.  Usually  there  is  a  fine  black  dot  before  the  t.  a.  line  which 
readily  escapes  attention.  The  basal  half-line  can  be  perceived.  The  median 
lines  are  distinct,  continued,  ochre  brown  ;  the  t.  a.  line  with  an  anterior  pale 
shade,  a  little  concave.  The  t.  p.  line  straight,  shortly  rounded  on  costal 
region.  Median  space  free  from  the  lines  which  distinguish  latipes.  Reni- 
form  large,  concolorous,  a  fine  and  wide  blackish  annulus  from  the  inner  and 
lower  angle  of  which  the  undulated  median  shade  descends  to  internal  mar- 
gin ;  sometimes  the  shade  line  is  double.  There  is  no  "  tache  en  palette."  A 
subterminal  series  of  nervular  points  ;  fringes  dark.  Secondaries  a  little  paler, 
somewhat  yellowish  at  base,  with  darker  terminal  shading  and  an  exterior 
shade,  recalling  those  of  Drasteria. 

Expanse,  47  m.  ni.     Hah.,  Canada  to  Texas. 

The  species  determined  in  the  Collection  as  latipes  is  more  vari- 
able in  color  and  slighter  in  form.  It  has  the  median  space  covered 
by  fine  lines,  and  on  internal  margin  in  some  specimens  a  blackish 
discoloration. 

llemigia  indentataj  n.  s 

5  . — This  species  resembles  latipes  in  all  characters  except  that  the  subter- 
n.inal  line  is  not  straight  in  its  general  course,  but  is  slightly  sinuous  ;  and 
that  the  "tache  en  palette,"  below  the  reniform,  fuses  with  the  t.  p.  line,  so 


2b.'5 

that  Xho  lino  n])])onrs  brokon  to  mako  an  inward  sinus  below  the  rcniforni. 
The  color  is  wood-brown  with  a  slij^lit  carneous  gray  shading  on  the  primarii.'S, 
and  is  i)t'rhai>s  variable  as  in  Intipes. 

Expanse,  -il  m.  in.     llitb.,  Texas  (Ik-UVage). 

Pseudaglossa  dcnticiilalis,  n.  s. 

Of  the  same  size  with  luhHcnlis,  but  with  gray,  powdery  wings  which  recall 
those  of  the  species  of  Epizeuxis.  The  long  jialpi  and  antennae  as  in  the  allied 
species.  The  transvor.'^e  lines  on  the  primaries  occupy  relatively  the  same 
positions  as  in  liibriralis  ;  the  t.  p.  line  and  anterior  line  black,  the  former 
denticulate,  notched  ;  subterminal  line  pale,  following  a  similar  course  as  in 
the  allied  species.  Reniform  pab^  with  a  central  lunate  black  streak.  Median 
shade  blackish,  becoming  diffuse  inferiorly  and  forming  a  blackish  blotch  be- 
fore the  t.  p.  line.  Hind  wings  like  primaries,  crossed  by  two  darker  shade 
lines  followed  by  pale  shades.  Beneath  the  primaries  are  more  or  less  wholly 
shaded  with  blackish,  except  along  the  costal  edge,  crossed  by  dentate  lines  ; 
the  secondaries  are  grayish,  like  upper  surface,  with  a  biack  lunule  and 
double  dentate  lines.  Above  there  is  a  black  fine  terminal  line  resolved  into 
points.  Abdomen  annulated  with  jiale,  like  the  wings  in  color;  head  and 
thorax  darker  ;  tarsi  and  tibiae  dark  marked.  Fringes  pale,  narrowly  cut 
with  blackish  opposite  the  points  of  the  terminal  line. 

Three  specimens  were  collected  by  Mr.  Stultz  ut  Easton,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Bomolocha  perangulalis,  n.  s. 

This  pale  species  is  a  little  larger  than  achatinnlis  and  wants  the  usual 
brighter  tint  of  the  dark  median  space.  Its  nearest  ally  seems  to  be  deceptri- 
cdliK.  The  median  lines  are  continuous,  evident,  even,  pale;  the  t.  p.  line 
with  an  outer  angulation  opposite  the  cell.  A  black  discal  point.  The  paler 
terminal  field  is  dusted  with  white  and  divided  by  the  undulated,  subterminal 
line  which  consists  of  an  uninterrupted  series  of  black  dots  followed  by  a 
pale  scalloped  edging  ;  terminal  space  with  a  dark  brown  shade  which  leaves 
the  apices  pale.  Hind  wings  pale,  dusky  centrally  and  at  base,  with  a  discal 
point.  Beneath  both  wings  very  pale,  somewhat  ochreous,  subirrorate  with 
black  discal  points. 

Expanse  35  m.  m.     Habitat,  New  York. 

In  appearance  this  species  has  a  certain  resemblance  to  Parallelia 
histriaria.  I  caniiot  reconcile  with  this  species  any  of  Mr.  "Walker's 
descriptions  of  Ilypenae  in  the  British  Mnseum  Lists. 

Pseudorgyia,  n.  g. 

A  Deltoid  genus  allied  to  Boinoloclia,  renuirkablo  for  its  plumose  ,5  anten- 
nae, the  branches   setose.     The   stout   and   long   labial    palpi   are   projected 


284 

straiglitly  forwards,  the  second  joint  is  thick  and  they  are  not  curved  upwards 
and  are  shorter  than  in  Ilypena.  Tlie  wings  are  wide  not  narrow  as  in 
Sisyrhypena.  The  whole  insect  in  size,  form  and  appearance  recalls  the 
Bombycid  Orgyia  leucostigma. 

Pseiidorgyia  versuta,  n.  s. 

S  . — The  thorax,  head  and  palpi  above  have  a  grayish  cast  and  this  shade 
spreads  over  the  primaries  at  base.  Wings  concolorus,  blackish  fuscous ;  no 
markings  except  the  median  lines  on  primaries,  the  t.  p.  line  tiexuous,  occupy- 
ing the  relative  position  that  it  does  in  Bomolocha,  the  t.  a.  line  faint,  arcuate. 
Two  black  points,  pupilled  with  pale,  on  the  cell  take  the  place  of  the 
stigmata.  Hind  wings  nearly  black,  as  are  both  the  immaculate  wings  be- 
neath. Antennae  subtestaceous  ;  palpi  darker  at  the  sides.  Fringes  concolor- 
ous  with  the  wings. 

Exjmnse,  28  ra.  m.     Ilah.,  Texas  (Belfnige). 


GEOMETRAE. 

Crocliipliora  coloraria,  var.  spliaeromacliaria. 

(5 . — Antennae  pectinate,  palpi  erect,  thorax  olivaceous  above  and  dusky  yel- 
low below,  abdomen  dusky  yellow  and  tinted  with  olivaceous  above.  Costa 
dotted  with  faint  minute  black  spots.  Primaries  olivaceous  ;  t.  a  line  purple, 
exserted  outwardly  superiorly  on  the  cell,  median  shade  line  very  indistinct, 
t.  p.  line  purple,  passing  downwards  and  inwards,  on  its  outer  border  shaded 
into  red,  outside  of  it  two  large  round  black  spots,  one  at  the  center,  between 
veins  3  and  4,  and  the  other  at  posterior  border  of  wing,  small  dash  at  apex, 
fringes  concolorous,  the  Avhole  surface  covered  with  minute  black  points. 
Below,  yellow  sprinkled  with  dark  brown,  a  dash  at  discal  cell,  markings  of 
the  t.  p.  line  and  the  two  spots  of  the  upper  surface,  clearly  defined.  Second- 
aries, light  straw  color,  t.  p.  line  continuous  from  primaries,  small  dash  near 
anal  angle,  below  the  t.  p.  line  olivaceous,  whole  surface  mottled.  Below, 
concolorous  with  under  surface  of  primaries,  presenting  same  mottled  appear- 
ance, discal  spots  black,  three  transverse  brown  lines  equidistant  in  middle 
third,  at  superior  angle  three  black  spots  almost  forming  a  line. 

Expanse,  3G  m.  m.     Ilah.,  Alabama  (Mr.  Grote). 

It  differs  from  colorai'ia  in  the  heavier  ornamentation  of  the  t.  p. 
line,  and  the  two  ronnd  spots  posterior  to  it. 

Dr.  Packard  does  not  consider  the  remarkable  specimen  as  being 
specifically  distinct  from  coloraria. 


2sr> 


XXIi.    Synopsis  of  the  Discomycetous  Fungi  of  the 

United  States 


BY  M.  C.  COOKE,  M.  A. 


The  time  api)c;irs  to  iiil-  to  liave  arrived  for  making  an  attempt 
at  obtaining  some  estimate  of  tlie  Fungi  Avliich  have  already  been 
detected  in  the  United  States,  for  tlie  purpose  of  preparing,  in  some 
form  or  other,  a  guide  to  the  INIycologic  Flora.  As  a  preliminary 
step  I  have  been  induced  to  publish,  as  speedily  as  I  can  prepare 
them,  consecutive  lists  of  groups  and  sections,  such  as  the  present, 
which,  however  imperfect  it  may  be,  is  the  best  which  the  materials 
at  my  disposal  enable  me  to  accomi)lish.  In  order  to  render  these 
lists  of  real  utility  in  attaining  their  oljject,  the  co-operation  of 
Mycologists  in  all  the  States  must  l»e  earnestly  solicited.  "What  I 
would  desire  of  them  is  correction  and  addition,  especially  of  local- 
ities, and,  since  many  of  the  species  of  Schweinitz  still  require  con- 
firmation, they  may  be  able  to  furnish  this  confirmation.  All 
specimens  would  be  acceptable,  as  helping  to  a  knowledge  of  the 
Fungi  of  the  States,  and  their  distribution  ;  credit  being  invariably 
given,  either  in  revised  lists,  or  in  the  Flora  when  published,  to  all 
who  have  rendered  such  aid,  their  names  being  inserted,  as  in  the 
present  instance,  not  only  as  a  guarantee  of  accuracy,  but  as  a  well 
merited  recognition  of  services  rendered.  Revisions  and  additions, 
as  well  as  specimens,  named  or  unnamed,  but  localized,  are  requested 
to  be  sent  to  the  address  here  named. 

No.  2   GUOSVENOU  ViLT.AS,  JUNCTION   ROAD, 

London,  X.,  England. 


286 

SYNOPSIS  DISCOMYCETUM. 
Order  I.    HELVELLACEI  Fr. 

Uen.  1.     MORCHELLA  Dill. 

1.  MorchelLa  escnlenta  Fr.    Oa  the  ground.    Ohio  (Lea) ;  N.  Y.  (Peck) ; 

N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 
var.  CONICA  P.     Rhode  Isl.  (Berk.) ;  Ohio  (Lea);  Penns.  (Coultas). 

2.  Morchella  elata  Fr.     On  tlie  ground.     N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

3.  Morchella  foramiuulosa  Schwz.    On  the  ground.    Car.  (Sch.). 

Gen.  2.    GYROMITRA  Fr. 

1.  Gyromitra  esculenta  Fr.     On   the   ground.     Car.    (Rav.);    N.  Eng. 

(Sprague);  Maine  (E.  C.  Bolles);  Ohio  (Lea);  N.  Y.  (Schw.). 

2.  Gyromitra  Caroliuiana(«S('7ac2.).     Earth  in  woods.     Car. (Schw.);  Mass, 

(Brit.  Mus.). 

Uen.  3.    HELYELLA  Fr. 

1.  Helvella  crispa  Fr.     In  pine  woods.     Car.  (Curtis) ;  N.  Eng.  (Sprague)  ; 

N.  Y.  (C.  E.  Peck). 

2.  Helvella  lacuuosa  ^/2.    On  the  ground.    Car.  (Curtis);  Alabama  (Curt.). 

3.  Helvella  sulcata  Afz.     In  shady  woods.     Car.  (Curtis) ;  N.  Y.  (Peck). 
var.  PALLESCENS  Schceff.     N.  Y.  (W.  R.  Gerard). 

4.  Helvella  iiifula  Fr.     On  the  ground.     Car.  (Schw.) :  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

5.  Helvella  mouachella  Fr.     On  the  earth.     N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

().     Helvella  costata  Schicz.     In  sandy  ground.     Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.). 

7.  Helvalla  atra  Kdnir/.     On  soil.    Car.  (Ravenel). 

8.  Helvella  elastica  BuU.    On  the  ground.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

{).     Helvella  ephippiuiu  ie«.     About  trunks.     Car.  (Curt.) ;  N.  Eng.  (Frost) ; 
Virg.  (Curt.). 

Gen.  4.     MITRULA  Fr. 

1.  Mitrnla  palndosa  Fr.     In  swamps.     Alabama  (Beaumont) ;  Car.  (Curt.) ; 

N.  Y.  (Peck);  N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

2.  Mitrula  lutescens  Berk.     In  damp  places.    Yellow,  somewhat  viscid, 

stem   solid,  squamose,  sporidia  oblong,  slightly  curved,  5-nucleate 
(.035  m.  m.).     Car.  (B.  &  C). 

3.  Mitrula  inflata  Schwz.    (Schwz.) 

4.  Mitrula  crispata  Fr.    N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

5.  Mitrula  exlgua  Fr.     On  dejected  stems.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

ii,    Mitrula  elegans  Berk.    Clubs  small,  obovate,  stem  very  long.     United 
States  (Green). 


287 

Gen.  5.     SPATHULARIA  Pers. 
1.    Spnthiilaria  flavida  P.    In  fir  woods.    Maine  (Curt.). 

Gen.  6.     LEOTIA  P. 

1.  Leotia  clrcinaiis  Pcrs.    In  woods.    Car.  ^Schwz.). 

2.  Leotia  liibrlca  7\t».     In  moist  woods.     Car.  (Curt.);  X.  Y.  (Peck). 

3.  Leotia  clilorocepliala  *SWt?P2.   In  damp  sandy  woods.   Car.  (Rav.);  Penn. 

(Michener) ;  N.  Eng.  (Frost). 

4.  Leotia  viscosa  Fr.     In  damp  sandy  woods.     Car.  (Rav.  iv,  22). 

5.  Leotia  liitea  (  Vibrmea  lutea  Peck).    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

G.     Leotia  iiifuinlibuliforinis  iSc/tfcz.    (Species  uncertain).     N.  Y.  (Schwz.). 

Gen.  7.    CIDARIS  P>: 
1.    Cidaris  caroliniaiia  (F(S?'pa  Schwz.)  jPV.    Car.  (Schwz.). 

Gen.  8.     GE0GL08SUM  P. 

a.  Sporidia  hyaline. 

1.  Geosrlossum  iiiicrosporum  C.  db  P.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

2.  (ieogrlossum  flavum  Peck.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

3.  Geoglossum  viride  P.    Car.  (Curt.). 

b.  Sporidia  colored. 

4.  Geosrlossum  hirsutum  Peru.    In  wet  ground.    Car.  (Curt.) ;    La.  (Hale) ; 

N.  Y.  (Peck). 

5.  Geoglossiim  ^labruin  Pers.    {Oeoglossum  simile  Peck).    Damp  mossy 

ground.     Car.  (Schw.) ;  N.  Jersey  (I.  B.  Ellis). 

6.  Geosrlossum  Peekiauuni  Cooke.    {O.  glutinosum  Peck).    N.  Y.  (Peck) ; 

N.  Eng.  (Murray). 

7.  Geojjlossum  difforme   Pers.     In  wet  ground.     Car.  (Curt.);   N.  Eng. 

(Murray;  Frost). 

Sporidia  uncertain. 

8.  Geoglossum  rnfum  Schwz.    (Schw.). 

9.  Geoglossum  farinaccum  Schwz.     In  meadows.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

Gen.  9.     PEZIZA. 
Series  I.    ALEUKIA  Fr. 
Sect.  1.    MAcnoPODEs. 

1.  P.  acetabulum  ii/tft.     On  the  ground.    Car. (Curt.);  Ohio  (Lea) ;  N.  Eng. 

(Frost). 

2.  P.  sulcata  Pers.    On  the  ground.    (Schwz.). 

3*     P.  cinuainomeo-lutescens  Schwz.     Amongst  leaves.     Car.  (Schwz.). 
4.     P.  mitl'ula  Schwz.     Amongst  leaves.     (>ar.  (Schwz.). 


288 

5.  P.  hesperidea  C.  &  P.,  Grev.  1,  pi.  1,  fig.  1.    Amongst  leaves.     N.  Y. 

(Peck). 

6.  P.  macropiiS  P.     On  tlie  ground.     Car.  (Scliw. ;  Curt.) ;  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

7.  P.  rapuliim  Bull.    Oii  the  ground.     Car.  (Curt.). 

8.  P.  sordesceiis  B.  &  C.   On  the  ground.    Cups  expanded  (1  inch  or  more), 

at  first  orange  yellow,  disc  bay;  stem  cylindrical,  pallid,  tomentose  ; 
sporidia  elliptic,  binucleate  (.0005  inches).     N.  Eng.  (Murray  ;  Frost.) 

9.  P.  pallitliila  G.  &  P.     On  old  beech  wood.     Thin,  wholly  pallid,  waxy  ; 

cup  iuf  undibuliform,  at  length  flattened,  nearly  smooth  ;  stem  at  first 
distinct,  then  abbreviated,  pruiuose,  margin  slightly  incurved  ;  asci 
cylindrical,  sporidia  elliptical  (.0005  x  .00035).     N.  Y.  (Peck,  No.  309). 

Sec.  3.   COCHLEATAE. 

10.  P.  aurautia  Fr.     On  the  ground.     Ohio  (Lea);  N.  Y.  (Peck);  N.  Eng. 

(Sprague). 

11.  P.  oiiotica  P.     On  the  ground  in  woods.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

[P.  unicisa  Peck.    Appears  to  be  a  form  of  P.  onotka].     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

12.  P.  ohtecta  iSrhirz.     Amongst  rotten  leaves.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

13.  P.  fulgens  P.     In  pine  woods.     Mass.  (Schwz.). 

14.  P.  cocllleata  Linn.    On  the  ground  amongst  grass.    Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.) ; 

M.  Y.  (Peck);  N.  Eng.  (Spragne);  Maine  (Curt.). 

15.  P.  venosa  P.     On  the  ground.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

IG.     P.  costata  i'V.,  Nov.  Sym.     On  the  ground.     Onio  (Lindblom). 

17.     V.  c\y\yeata  Schwz.    Amongst  leaves.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

IS.     P.  badia  P.     In  damp  places.     Car.  (Schwz.);  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

19.     P.  griseo-rosea    Gerard.      On   ligneous   earth.      Sessile  (1  inch)  ;    cup 

fieshy,  rather  thin,  hemispherical,  then  expanded,  externally  greyish 

ochre,  rather  mealy;  disc  pale  rosy,  subochraceous ;  asci  cylindrical  ; 

sporidia  elliptical,  rough  (.015-.018  x  .0075-01  m.  m.).     N.  Y.  (Gerard 

No.  41). 
2a.     p.  atroviiiosa  Coo^e.     On  ground  araong.st  grass.     Sessile  (1-2  inches) ; 

cup-shaped,  then  expanded  and  flattened  smooth,  dark  vinous  brown  ; 

disc  of   the  same  color;   asci   cylindrical,  sporidia  elliptical   rugose 

(.0005  X  .0003  inches).     New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

21.  P.  suceosa  P«r^•.     On  moist  earth.     Car.  (Curt.);  Conn.  (Wright). 

[*P.  Schweiuitzii  B.  &  C.     Is  undescribed  and  unknown  to  Rev.  M.  J. 
Berkeley]. 

Sec.  3.    CuPULARES  Fr. 
a.    Pustulatae. 

22.  P.  rcpaiida,  var.  amplUpora.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

23.  P.  vesiculosa  P««.    On  manured  soil.    Car.  (Schw.)  ;  N.  Eng.  (Sprague) ; 

N.  Y.  (Peck). 

24.  P.  bufonia  Pers.     In  woods.     Car.  (Schw.). 

25.  P.  micropiis  P.     On  earth.     Car.  (Schw.). 

2a.     P.  pustiilata  Fr.     On  trunks.     Car.  (Schw.) ;  Ohio  (Lea). 


b.    Ciipulatac. 

27.  P.  cat  ill  us  //'/^w.'*.     On  rnttrn  wood.     Car.  (Sdiw.). 

2S.  P.  carlMniariii  .1.  ct  *S.    On  burnt  soil.    Bethleliem  (Schw.). 

1\).  r.  pulchra  Gerard.     Under  pines.     N.  Y.  (Gerard). 

30.  P.  CHimlari.s  F/-.     On  burnt  ground.     Car.  (Curt.) ;  N.  Eng.  (Frost). 

.'M.  P.  diliita  J"/-.     On  the  ground.     Bethlehem  (Scliw.). 

;J2.  P.  a|>|>laiiata  Fr.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

83.  P.  fiiligiiiea  Sch.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

34-.  P.  irrorata  D.  cf;  C.  On  soil.  Cup-shaped,  at  length  flattened,  fuligin- 
ous (1  inch),  broadly  fixed  beneath;  sporidia  uniseriate,  elliptic,  at 
length  rough  (.0004  inches);  paraphyses  clavate.     Texas  (M.  J.  B.). 

35.  P.  violacea  Fr.     Amongst  Kalmias.     Car.  (Schw.). 

3l{.  P.  membraiiacea  Sch.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

37.  P.  Sprag:nei  B.  &  C.     On   rotten   wood.     Flattened,  margin   incurved. 

externally  pallid  tomentose;  disc  rufous  (^^  inches) ;  asci  linear,  obtuse  ; 
sporidia   elliptic,  uniseriate  (.0005   inches).     Maine   (Sprague) ;    Car. 
(Curt.);  N.  Eng.  (Frost). 
[*P.  YClutina  B.&C.     Ou  ligneous  earth.     Undescribed  and  uncertain.] 

38.  P.  Petersii  i>.  tfc  C.     On  burnt  soil.     Gregarious,  crispate,  externally  pal- 

lid;  disc  bay-brown;   sporidia  elliptical,  narrow,  binucleate  (.00038 
inches);  cups  1  inch  or  more.     Alabama  (Peters). 

39.  P.  (lecolorans  i?.  tfc  C     On  the  ground.     Cups  small,  obconical,  whitish, 

then  fuliginous;  sporidia  elliptical,  binucleate  (.00057  inches).  Ala. 
(Peters). 
49.  P.  microspora  B.  &  C.  On  rotten  wood.  Small,  gregarious,  crowded 
and  irregular,  fleshy,  fragile,  externally  pallid,  pruinose,  internally 
orange-yellow  ;  stem  very  short  or  obsolete  ;  sporidia  small,  elliptic, 
even,  binucleate  (.00038  inches).     Car.  (Rav.). 

Sect.  4.     HuM.vui.v. 

a.    Sphaerosporac. 

40i.  P.  sphaeroplea  B.  &  (J.  On  burnt  earth.  Orange,  pateraeform  (3  lines), 
thinly  clad  with  articulated  flocci,  asci  linear,  obtuse,  paraphyses 
filiform,  simple  or  branched,  sporidia  uniseriate  (.0005  in).  Car.  (Curt). 

41.  P.  hiniuilea  B.  &  Br.  {P.  psammophila  B.  &  C).      Ou  soil  amongst  grass, 

Car.  (Curt). 

42.  P.  Wri?htii  B.  &  C,  on  trunks.     Texas  (M.  J.  B.). 

43.  P.  exasperata  i?.  cD  C.     On  burnt  earth.     Scarlet.     Cups  subglotose  (J^ 

inch)  externally  verruculose,  margin  inflexed.    Sporidia  globose,  echiu- 
ulate  (.0005  in).     Alabama  (Peters). 

h.     Ellipsisporae. 

44.  P.  omplialodcs  Ball.     On  burnt  ground.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.) 

45.  P.  melaloiua  A.  &  8.     On  burnt  ground.     Car.  (Curt);  Conn.  (Wright). 

46.  P.  granulata  Ball.     On  cow  dung.     Car.  (Schw.);  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

Bin..   Blip.  SOC.  NAT.   SCI.  (37)  MARCH,  1875. 


290 

47.  P.  adnsta  C.  d-  P.  On  burnt  ground.  Gregarious  or  scattered.  Cups 
suhglobose,  then  open  and  hemisplierical,  at  length  ph\ue,  (1  line,)  some- 
what irregular  when  dry,  brown,  with  a  few  radiating  fibrils  at  the 
base  ;  disc  amber  yellow  ;  Asci  cylindrical,  sporidia  elli^jtic,  binucle- 
ate  (.OOOoG  x  00033  in.),  paraphyses  clavate,  brownish.  New  York 
(Peck.) 

4:8.     P.  hiimosa  Fr.     On  the  ground.     N.  Eng.  (Frost). 

4J).     P.  araneosa  Bull.    Nazareth  (Schw.). 

50.     P.  leiii'Oloma  Hedw.     Amongst  moss.     X.  Y.  (Peck).     Car.  (Schw.). 

61.     P.  rutilaus -F/'.     On  the  ground.     Car.  (Schw.). 

52.  P.  rubricosa  Fr.     On  earth.     Car.  (Schw.).     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

53.  P.  g'luniaruiu  Desm.     On  rotting  chaff.     N.  Eng.  (Frost). 

54.  P.  ollaris  i'V.     In  pine  woods.     Car.  (Schw.).     Conn.  (Wright). 
o-"}.     P.  coiivexula  Pers.  {P.  chrysophthalma  Gerard).     N.  Y.  (Gerard). 

56.  P.  cremoricoloi*  i?.  Ou  human  ordure.  Minute,  flattened,  pallid  (1.  line), 
paraphyses  linear.     Sporidia  elliptic,  even  (.0006  in.).     Car.  (Curt.). 

67.  P.  spissa  5(;r/i.  On  the  ground.  Cups  irregular  (p^  in.)  margin  lobed  ; 
disc  thick,  bay,  stem  very  short,  whitish,  sporidia  elliptic,  binucleate 
(.00057  in.).     Ala.  (Peters). 

58.  Peziza  Gerardi  Cooke  {Peziza  violacea  Gerard).      On  the  ground.      Vio- 

laceous, sessile,  fleshy.  Cups  hemispherical  then  flattened  (3  lines 
broad),  externally  greyish  violet,  disc  brighter.  Asci  cylindrical  (.33 
m.  m.  long).  Sporidia  fusiform  (.033 — 035  x  .008 — 009  m.  m.),  with  a 
central  nucleus,  paraphyses  filiform,  clavate  at  the  tips.  N.  Y.  (Ger- 
rard). 

Series  II.     LACHNEA. 

Sect.  1.      S.\RCOSCYPHAE, 

68^.  P.  coccinea  Jacq.    On  fallen  limbs.     Car.  (Curt.).     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

59.  P.  floccosa  Sckw.     On  fallen  limbs.     N.  Y.  (Peck).     Ohio  (Lea.). 

00.  P.  occideutalis -ScAm.     On  branches.     Ohio  (Lea.;  Schw.). 

01.  P.  toinentosa  Schw.     On  wood.     Car.  (Schw.). 

02.  P.  semitosta  B.  &  C.     On  the  ground.     Uniber,  internally  bay  brown. 

Cup  hemispherical  (l^^  inch),  produced  into  a  rugose  costate  stem, 
margin  inflesed,  externally  velvety,  sporidia  subfusiform,  granulated 
(.00117  in.).     Penn.  (Mich.). 

03.  P.  piibida  B.  &  C.     On  the  ground.     Cups  crowded,  hemispherical  (^^ 

inch),  margin  inflexed  externally  and  short  stem  velvety,  paraphyses 
brown  sporidia  fusiform,  granulated  (.001 — 0015  in.).     Ala.  (Peters). 

04.  P.  hirtipes  CotfA'g.     On  branches.     Fleshy,  cupshaped.substipitate.     Cup 

(1-3  in.)  hemispherical,  dark  brown,  pubescent,  margin  incurved,  disc 
paler,  stem  very  short,  nearly  obsolete,  attached  by  long  shining,  black 
hairs.  Asci  cylindrical,  sporidia  elliptical,  paraphyses  simple  or  fur- 
cate. Maine  (H  C.  B.). 
65.  P.  styg'ia  B.  &  C.  Sides  of  moist  banks.  Small,  black,  cup  turbinate, 
externally  slightly  hispid  (J-^  inch),  disc  plano-concave,  dark  oliva- 
ceous, stem  long,  rooting,  paraphyses  linear,  curved  at  the  tips  ;  spor- 
idia globose,  even.     Car.  (M.  J.  B.). 


291 

C(».     P.  pilsio  B.  &  C.     On  tlie  soil.     Cups   heniisphurical,   witli  a   thick,  at 

lenp;th  smooth  stem,  running  into  the  cup  in  costate  veins  (1-1 1>^  lines). 

Externally  whitish,  internally  orange.     Texas  (Wright). 
G7.     P.  alphitodes  Berk.     On  bark  amongst  moss  ;  cups  hemispherical,  his- 

l)id  as  well  as  the  elongated  stem,  margin  undulated,  sporidia  subfusi- 

form  (.0004  in.).     N.  Eng.  (Murray). 
68.     P.  iilgrella  Pcrs.     On  wood  and  earth.     Car.  (Sclnv.).     N.  Y.  (Peck). 
GO.     P.  liemisplieriea   Wiod.     On  wood  and  earth.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.);     N, 

Y.  (Peck).     Maine  (Curt.). 

70.  P.  bniiiiiea  A.  &  S.    On  burnt  ground.     Car.  (Schw.). 

71.  P.  pellita  C.  tfi  P.     (Grev.  1.  pi.  1,  fig.  3.)     On  soil.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

72.  P.  coufiisa   Cooke  {Peziza  hrannea  Karsten).     On  the  ground.      N.  Y. 

(Gerard).     Sporidia  globose  .015,  m.  m. 

73.  P.  filsicarpa  Gerard.     Amongst  moss.     N.  Y.  (Gerard). 
71.     P.  cariico-riifa  M(trt.     On  the  ground.     (Schw.). 

75.  P.  albo-cincta  B.  &  C.     On  the  ground.     Cups  scarlet  (1.  line),  concave, 

externally  and  margin  furnished  with  snow  white  flocci.  Sporidia 
elliptic,  echinulate  (.0008  x  .0000  in.).     Car.  (Rav.).     N.  Eng.  (Murray). 

76.  P.  Texensis  B.  t£-  G.     Cups  flattened,  dingy  orange;  externally  beset 

with  a  few  pallid  fusiform  septate  bristles,  which  are  bulbous  at  the 
base,  margin  ciliate  ;  sporidia  elliptic,  coarsely  granulated  (.0006  in). 
Texas  (Wright). 

77.  P.  setosa  Nees.     On  trunks.     (Schw.). 

78.  P.  erinaceus  Schw.    On  rotten  trunks.     Car.  (Schw.). 

71).     P.  sciitellata  L.    On  wood  &c.    Mass.  (Curt.).;  Car.  (Schw.,  Curt.,  Rav.); 
Maine  (BoUes);  Ohio  (Lea). 

80.  P.  stercorea  P.     On  dung  and  rich  soil.     Car.  (Schw.);     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

81.  P.  thelcboloides  A.  <&  S.     On  spent  hops,  manure  &c.     Car.  (Schw.); 

N.  Y.  (Peck). 

82.  P.  divcrsicolor  i^r.     On  dung.     Car.  (Schw.);     N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

83.  P.  decipieus  B.  &  C.    On  pine  leaves  (species  uudescribed). 

Sect.  II.    Dasyscyphae, 

a.    Sessiles. 

84.  P.  liyaliua  P.    On  wood.    Car.  (Schw.). 

85.  P.  papillaris  Fr.     On  wood  and  bark.     Car.  (Schw.). 

86.  P.  yariecolor  i^/-.     On  stems,  trunks  &c.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.). 

87.  P.  triformis  Fl.  Dan.    On  Rhus  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

8S.  P.  balsamicola  {Nodularia  balsamicola  Peck).     On    bark  of    Balsam. 
X.  Y.  (Peck). 

89.  P.  flammca  A.  &  S.    (P.  mnculincola  Schw.).     On  branches.     (Schw.). 

90.  P.  Icouina  Schic.    On  Elm  wood.    Car.  (Schw.). 

91.  P.  ciniiabarina  &/*.    On  woo^oi  Liquidamhar.    Car.  (Schw.). 

92.  P.  flavo-fiiliginea  ..-1.  <f-.  G.     On  rotten  wood.     Car.  (Schw.) 

93.  P.  fiilvo-cana  6'f/t/r.     On  disc  of  stump.     Car.  (Schw.). 

94.  P.  vircscens  A.  &  S.    On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

95.  P.  iiicariiPsceiis  Srh.     On  decorticated  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw). 


292 

90.  P.  Schiimacheri  Fr.    On  stumps.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

97.  P.  atrofiiscata  Schw.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

9S.  P.  liispidula  Schr.     On  Samhucm.     Penns.  (Schw.). 

99.  P.  corvina  Pers.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

100.  P.  subocliracea  C.  &  P.,  in  Grev.  1,  pi.  1,  fig.  4.     On  Rubus.     N.  Y. 

(Peck). 

101.  P.  rufo-olivacea  A.  &  O.     On  stems  of  Rubus.     Car.  (Schw.). 

102.  P.  vitis  Schwz.    On  bark  of   Vitis.     (Schw.). 

103.  P.  roseola  Sc/iw.     On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

104.  P.  penicillata /Sc7mc.    On  bark  of   Fi^w.    Car.  (Schw.). 

105.  P.  corticalis  Pers.     On  bark.     Car.  (Schw.). 
lOG.  P.  spadicea  Pers.    On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

107.  P.  ciuereo-fusca  ScJiicz.     On  wood  and  bark.    (Schwz.). 

108.  P.  Eupatorii  Schw.  {P.  solenia  Peck).    On  Eupatorium.    Bethlehem 

(Schw.).     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

109.  P.  sulphurea  P.     On  chips  and  stems.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.). 

110.  P.  relicina  P.     On  herbaceous  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

111.  P.  fiiscobarbata  Schw.     On  stems  of   Verbascum.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

112.  P.  ruflberbis  »SW«c.     On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

113.  P.  strigosa  P.     On  stems  of  Umbellifers.     Car.  (Schw.). 

114.  P.  comata  ^/iw.    On  oak  leaves.    N.  Y.  (Peck).    (Schw.). 

115.  P.  polliiiaria  (7(?t>Z;e.    On  oak  leaves.    Epiphyllous,  subgregarious,  min- 

ute soft,  sessile,  pallid,  clad  with  very  short  pulverulent  white  hairs,  re- 
sembling white  meal  ;  cups  globose,  at  length  opening  by  a  small  cent- 
ral orifice;  asci  cylindrical;  sporidia  elliptical,  minute.  N.  Jersey 
(Ellis  2158). 

116.  P.  iuars?luata  Cooke.    On  oak   leaves  &c.     Scattered   or  gregarious, 

brownish,  sessile,  fringed  at  the  margin  with  septate  brown  hairs, 
disc  paler;  asci  cylindrical,  minute;  sporidia  spermatozoid.  X.  Jer- 
sey (Ellis  2151). 

117.  P.  episphaeria  il/rtr^.     On  Hypoxylon.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

[P.  yillosa  P.    is  a  Cyphella,  as  also  P.  albo-violascens  and  P.  puncti- 
formis  Fr.] 

b,    Stipitatae. 

118.  P.  niveaF/-.     On  wood.     Car.  (Curt.).     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

119.  P.  ochracea /SWiW.     On  pine  wood.     Penn.  (Schw.). 

120.  P.  ceriua  Pers.     On  wood,  palings  &c.     Car.  (Curt.). 

121.  P.  calyculaeformis  »S'cA.    On  rotten  wood.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

122.  P.  virginea  Pa^«cA.     On  sticks,  twigs  &c.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.);     N.  Y. 

(Peck). 

123.  P.  bicolor  Ph«.     On  oak  twigs,  &c.  (Schw.). 

124.  P.  calycina  <S'cA.     On  pine  branches.  Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.);   N.  Y.  (Peck). 

125.  P.  Agasslzii  B.  &  C.    On  bark  of  Abies.    Car.  (Curt. ;  Rav.) ;  N.  Y. 

(Peck);  N.  Hamp.  (BoUes). 

126.  P.  pithya  Pers.    On  twigs  of  conifers.    {Sareapithya  Schw.).     Penn. 

(Schw.). 


293 

127     r.  t'upressina  Bnturh.  {IMotium   thujinum  Peck).     Cur.  (Curt.);  N.  Y. 

(Peck);  Conn.  (Wright);  N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 
128.    P.  clandostina  Bii/l.    Oii  bram-lies.     Cur.  (Curt.);  N.  Y.  (Schw.). 
120.     P.  tiirbiiuilatii  ^'Aw.     On  hark  oi  Gtda iica.     U.  S.  (Schw.). 
l:JO.     P.  lutftO-allm  Schw.    On  bark.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 
131.     P.  i>rolillcaiis  JSchw.    On  disc  of  trunks.     Car.  (Schw.). 
l.'{2.     P.  araiiea  ^V«^     On  bark.     Car.  (Kav.). 
13.'J.     P.  trauslncida  B.  cC  C.    On  twigs  of  Castanea.    Minute,  gregarious, 

cups  hemispherical,  margin  inflexed  ;  stem  very  short.     Penn.  (Mich.). 
1S4.     P.  caulicola  Fr.    On  stems.     Car.  (Curt.). 

135.  P.  stipitioola  Schw.    On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

136.  P.  cilearis  ^W((r.    (On  side  of  trunks?)     Car.  (Schw.). 

137.  P.  albopileata  Cooke.    On  leaves  of  Magnolia,  scattered  or  subgregar- 

ious,  stipulate,  dirty  white  then  ochraceous,  stem  slender,  nearly 
naked  ;  cup  soon  flattened,  clad  externally  with  short  white  hairs, 
disc  discolored,  sporidia  linear  minute.  (Plant  larger  than  P.  ciliaris). 
N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

138.  P.  patula  P.     On  leaves.     Car.  (Schw.). 

139.  P.  puhenila  B.  &  C.     On  fallen  ash  leaves.     Cups  globose,  fawn  color, 

furfuraceous  tomentose;  stem  short,  pallid;  disc  concolorous.  Car. 
(Kav.). 

140.  P.  fuscesccns  P.     On  beech  leaves.     Car.  (Schw.);  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

141.  P.  pulvuruleiita  Lib.    On  fir  leaves.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

142.  P.  snbhirta  Schw.    On  leaves.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

143.  P.  plaariopus  Weinm.     On  grass.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

144.  P.  caunea  {P.  arundinariae,  B.).   On  Arundiiiaria.     Small ;  cups  cyathi- 

form;  externally  white  tormentose;  stem  at  length  smooth;  disc  con- 
cave, pallid  umber.    Car.  (M.  J.  B.). 

145.  P.  spliaeriucola  Schwz.,  on  Sphaeria.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

Sec.  3.    Tapesia, 

[P.  aiiomala  P.,  is  Solenia  ocliracea.] 

146.  P.  arachnoid ea  ScJmz.    On  moist  wood.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

147.  P.  caesia  Pers.    On  oak  wood.    Car.  (Curt.). 

148.  P.  stipata  Fr.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schwz.). 

149.  P.  discincola  Schwz.    On  disc  of  trunk.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

150.  P.  caiididofulva  ^VA?;i2.     On  bark.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

151.  P.  Hydraiij?eae  6VA(r2.     On  dead  Ili/drangea.     Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.). 

152.  P.  poriaeformis  B.  C.    On  willow.    Car.  (Schw.). 

153.  P.  Rosae  Pers.    On  rose  branches.    Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.). 

154.  P.  aurelia  Pers.    On  rotten  wood,  &c.     Car.  (Curt.). 

155.  P.  auiiulata  Holms.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

156.  P.  anueiiiaca  Pers.     On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

157.  P.  Bloxami  i?.  t&  ^>-.     On  rotten  wood.     Car.  (Curt.). 

15S.    P.  daedalca  .'^'•/('r.    On  ha.T\{.  ot  Car i/a,  Acer,  &c.    Car.  (Schwz. ;  Curt.). 
159.    P.  griseopulveracea  "SWi'r^.     On  branches.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 
[P.  pruiaata  Schm.,  is  Arthonin  confluens.] 


294 

160.     P.  saii^uinca  P.     On  rotten  wood.     Maine  (E.  C.  B.)  Car.  (S.). 
1(>1.     P.  iiieg'aloma  Sclncz.     On  rotten  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

162.  P.  fusca  Fers.    On  bark  of  elder.   Car.  (Schw.) ;  Conn.  (Wright);  N.  Y. 

(Peck). 

163.  P.  mollisiaeoides   Schw.     On   rotten   wood.     N.  Eng.  (Frost);   N.  Y. 

(Peck) ;  Mass.  (Curt.). 

164.  P.  SUbiculata  /5c/nr2.     On  wood.     Car.  (Curt.) ;  N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

Sec.  4.     FiBRiNA. 

165.  P.  bolaris  Batsch.     On  fir  sticks.     Car.  (Schw.). 

166.  P.  ineiubraiiata  Schw.    On  wood.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

167.  P.  sericea  A.  &  S.     On  wood.     Car.  (Schw.). 

168.  P.  ceracella  Fr.     On  bark.     Bethlehem  (Schwz.). 

169.  P.  ■yixvislbilis  <S("Aw.     Interior  of  chestnut  bark.    Bethlehem  (Scbwz.). 

170.  P.  elatina  A.  &  S.    On  Abies  Canadensis.    Car.  (Schw.). 

171.  P.  poniicolor  B.  &  R.     On  bark  of  Taxodium.     Scattered,  subhemi- 

spherical,  soon  open  ;  externally  apple  color,  furfuraceous;  disc  oliva- 
ceous.    Car.  (Kav.). 

172.  P.  ascoboloidea  yiScA^r.     On  bark  of   Vitis.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

173.  P.  leiitagiliis  Schw.     On  branches  of  Viburnum.     New  Jersey  (Schw.). 

174.  P.  opillifoliae  Schw.     On  branches  of  Spiraea.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

1 75.  P.  roseoalba  Schwz.    On  bark  of  Cornus.    Car.  (Schw.). 

176.  P.  solitaria  jSc/iJ^iz.    On  stems.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

177.  P.  cedriiia    Cooke.      On    branches   of    Juniperus    Virginiana.      Scat- 

tered, pitch  brown,  externally  fibroso-rugose  ;  cups  globose,  soon 
open,  and  cup-shaped  (1  m.  m.) ;  margin  contracted ;  disc  slightly 
paler  ;  asci  cylindrical  ;  sporidia  oval  (scarcely  mature  .02  x  .01  m.  m.)  ; 
paraphyses  profuse,  clavate,  and  slightly  curved  at  the  tips.  N.  Y. 
(Gerard  48). 

Series  III.    PHIALEA. 

Sec.  1.    Hymenoscypha. 

178.  P.  tiiberosa  i?'//i^.     On  the  ground.     Car.  (Curt.). 

1 79.  P.  ciborioides  Fr,    Amongst  leaves.     Car.  (Curt.). 

180.  P.  gracilipes  Cooke.     On  petals  of  Magnolia.     Cups  membranaceous, 

brownish,  discoid,  flattened,  stem  long,  slender,  capillary,  darker, 
smooth,  equal,  springing  from  a  flattened  rugose  black  sclerotium  ; 
asci  cylindrical ;  sporidia  oblong  (stem  1  inch,  cup  1  line).  N.  Jersey 
(Ellis). 

181.  P.  Peckiana  C.    {Ilelntium  macrosporum  Peck).    On  decaying  beach 

wood.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

182.  P.  iiuberbis  Bull.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

183.  P.  albiimina  C.  &  P.    On  wood  ;  chips.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

184.  P.  crocea  Schwz.     On  sticks.     Car.  (Curt.). 

185.  P.  ft  r  111  a  Pers.     On  trunks,  sticks.  «fcc.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.);    N.  Eng. 

(Sprague). 


1S(}.     p.  ofliiiiopliiljl  Bull.     On  clH'Slmit  capsiilos,  &c.     Hctlilclioin  (Sdiw.). 

lS7.  r.  loilj;i[K'S  CAP.  On  Iciif  putioli's.  Yi-llowi.sh  ;  ctipH  concave  (2"-!}") 
shallow,  at  length  nearly  plane;  disc  sometimes  reddish  jellow  ;  stem 
very  long  (1  inch  or  more),  equal,  slender ;  asci  cylindrical;  sporidia 
narrowly  elliptical,  straight  or  curvi-d,  uninucleate  (.OUOd-.UUUG  x 
.00U2-.000x>o  ni.).     N.  Y.  (Peck,  301). 

18S.     r.  coronata  -B«/;.     On  stems.     Car.  (Schw.) ;  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

ISO.  P.  cjatlioidea  2?(iW.  On  herbaceous  stems.  Car.  (Schw.) ;  N.  Y'.  (Peck) ; 
N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

15)0.     P.  striata  iVt'CS.     On  herbaceous  sterna.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

lyi.  P.  nigrescens  Cooke.  On  stems  of  Erigeron.  Stipitate,  dark  brown, 
nearly  black,  small,  firm;  cups  at  first  clavate,  then  expanded  and 
plane ;  margin  elevated ;  disc  paler,  dingy  gray  ;  stem  twice  as  long 
as  the  diameter  of  the  cup,  equal  below,  expanding  into  the  cup;  spo- 
ridia subf  usiforra,  straight  or  curved,  at  first  binucleate.  New  Jersey 
(Ellis,  10'22). 

192.     P.  penila  Fers.    On  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

1{);J.     P.  clavata  Pers.    On  bark  of  Robinia.     Bethlehem  (Schwz.). 

1J)4.     P.  oanipannla  Nces.    On  stems  of  iimbellifers.     Car.  (Schwz.). 

I'J.j.    P.  Persooiiii  J/o'/fi'.    On  Equisetum.    N.  Y".  (Peck). 

IJX;.    P.  pyriformis  i'V.    On  mosses.     Car.  (Schw.). 

197.  P.  siibcarnea  C.  cB  P.    On  Jungermannia.     Scattered,  very  minute,  stip- 

itate, pale  flesh  color,  at  first  clavate  ;  asci  cylindrical ;  sporidia  minute, 
hyaline,  linear,  spermatozoid.     (Cups  scarcely  visible  to   the  naked 
eye.)     N.  Y.  (Peck). 
[Peziza  capula^  is  a  Cyphella.] 

Sec.  2.    MoLLisiA. 

198.  P.  citriuella  Schw.    On  wood  (Saliv).    (Schw.). 

199.  V.  cineren  Batsch.    On  wood.     Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.) ;  X.  Eng.  (Frost\ 

200.  P.  xantliostigma  Fr.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.), 

201.  P.  leucostii?uia  i^r.     On  wood.     Ohio  (Lea) ;  Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

202.  P.  diaplianula    Cooke.      On    wood.      Gregarious,   soft,   very    minute 

(jijy  m.  m.) ;  cups  hyaline,  whitish,  becoming  pallid,  hemispherical, 
soon  flattened  ;  asci  clavate  ;  sporidia  elongated,  elliptical,  uninucleate 
(.017-02  X  .008  m.  m.) ;  paraphyaes  linear.     N.  Jersey  (Ellis,  2161). 

203.  P.  introspecta    Cooke.     On    wood.      Gregarious   or   scattered,   minute 

(t(5~iV  "1-  '"■) !  ^"P^  sessile,  hemispherical,  then  cup-shaped  and  flat- 
tened, pallid  watery  white,  externally  brownish  ;  asci  clavate,  stipi- 
tate ;  sporidia  narrowly  fusiform,  3-4  nucleate,  then  faintly  3-5  sep- 
tate (.04-.045  X  .008  m.  m.);  paraphyses  linear.     N.  Jersey  (Ellis,  2160). 

204.  P.  deiitata  P.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

205.  P.  rubella  P.     On    wood   and   bark.      Car.  (Schw. ;    Curt.) ;    X.   Eng. 

(Sjtrague) ;  Ala.  (Hav.). 
200.     P.  rilfllla  ''^f/nr.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 
207.     P.  saiijjiliuolenta  S,    On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 


290 

208.  P.  crocitincta  B.  &  C,  Urev.  1,  pi.  1,  fig.—.     On   wood.     Car.  (Rav. : 

Curt.). 

209.  P.  viiicta  U.  &  P.     On  decaying  wood.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

210.  V.\m%i\\'A  Fl.  Dan.     On  trunks.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

211.  P.  iida  P.     On  trunks.     Car.  (Scliw.). 

212.  P.  Yiliosa  yl.  cfc  ^.     On  branches.     Car.  (Schw.). 

213.  P.  vulgaris  Fr.     On  wood  and  bark.     Car.  (Curt.). 

var.  SANGUINELLA  (P.  sanguiiiella  B.  &  C).     Car.  (Curt.).- 

var.  MYCETICOLA  (P.  mycetkola  B.  &  C).     Conn.  (Wright) ;  Car.  (Curt.). 

214.  P.  conchella  Schw.     On  bark.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

215.  P.  cruenta  Schw.     On  bark.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 
21 G.     P.  lividofusca  Fr.     On  bark.     (Schw.). 

217.  P.  multophthalma  B.  <£•  C.     On  Cornus  florida.    Minute,  hemispheri- 

cal, externally  black,  internally  vermilion;  asci  linear;  paraphyses 
flexuose  ;  sporidia  oblong,  minute,  hyaline.     Car.  (Curt.). 

218.  P.  lacerata  C.  &  P.     On  stems  of  Rubm.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

219.  P.  fracta  B.  &  C.     On  Hydrangea.     Minute,  erumpent,  black,  subglo- 

bose ;  mouth  punctiform,  then  expanded  and  broken;  asci  clavate; 
sporidia  biseriate,  oblong,  clavate,  hyaline.     Va.  (Mount);  Car.  (Rav.'>. 

220.  P.  tibriseda  P.  c6  C     On  ITlmus  Americana.     Orange,  irregular,  exter- 

nally sprinkled  with  saccharine  particles ;  margin  laciniate  and 
broken  ;  disc  concave,     (fruit  im])erfect.)     Va.  (Mount). 

221.  P.  saccharifera  B.  &  C.    On   Liquidamhar.     Soft,  gregarious,   pallid 

orange,  irregular,  externally  sprinkled  with  saccharine  particles ;  mar- 
gin rather  tumid ;  disc  concave.     Ala.  (Peters). 

222.  P.  Russellii  B.  &  C.     On    bark.     Erumpent,   fasciculate,  brick   red ; 

margin  obtuse  ;  disc  slightly  concave  ;  asci  clavate  ;  sporidia  biseriate, 
oblong,  narrowed  toward  each  end,  at  length  uniseptate  (.0006  inches 
long).     N.  Eng.  (Russell). 

223.  P.  Taxodii  B.&C.     On  bark  of   Taxodium.     Cups  externally  black; 

disc  concave,  pallid  cinereous,  margin  infiexed  ;  asci  clavate,  broad, 
sporidia  quaternate,  large,  obovate,  fenestrate  (.003  inches).  Car.  (Curt.). 

224.  P.  Kaliuiae  Peck.    On  stems  of  K<dmia.     (Not  having  seen  this,  I 

cannot  tell  to  what  section  it  belongs. 

225.  P.  cucurbitae  Oerard.     On  gourds.     N.  Y.  (Gerard). 

22(J.     P.  assimilis  C.  &  P.,  in  Grev.  1,  pi.  1,  fig.  — .     On  Aster.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

227.  P.  eriiferonata  C'oo^c.    On  sien\s  oi  Erigeron.    (Iregarious, soft ;  cups 

hemispherical,  then  flattened,  externally  smooth,  dark  umber,  becom- 
ing black  ;  disc  livid  cinereous,  margin  slightly  elevated  ;  asci  short, 
broadly  clavate ;  sporidia  biseriate  or  crowded  linear-elliptic.  New 
Jersey  (Ellis). 

228.  P.  exig'ua    Cooke.     On  stems   of   Erigeron.      Scattered,  very   minute, 

red,  sessile,  tremellose ;  cups  hemispherical,  then  plane  or  convex; 
margin  nearly  obsolete  ;  asci  small,  lanceolate  ;  sporidia  minute,  linear, 
hyaline.     N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

229.  P.  Uehiiii  liuhh.     On  living  Potentilla.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 


297 

230.  1*.  imlvisculji  Cooke.  On  stems  of  Phi/tolncca.  Gregarious,  very  iiii- 
luite,  like  grains  of  sugar,  soft,  almost  tremelloid  ;  cups  globose,  then 
flattened,  smooth,  pallid,  watery  yellowish  white;  asci  cylindrical; 
Bjwridia  very  minute.  Cups  j'^  m.  m.  broad;  asci  .O^j  x  .005  m.  m.  N. 
Y.  ((jferard). 

2;n.     p.  Pteridls  Demn.     On  stems  of  Pteris.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

2.'{2.  P.  atrociuerea  Luoke,  Fungi  Britt.  On  Polygonuni.  N.  Y.  (Peck, 
No.  ;5o2). 

233.  P.  brassicaecola  B.  On  cabbage  stems.  Thin,  expanded,  flexuous, 
externally  and  internally  rufous ;  sporidia  elliptic,  concatenate,  uni- 
nucleate (.0004  inches).     N.  Eng.  (Sprague). 

23-t.  P.  exidiella  B.  tb  C.  On  herbaceous  stems.  Gregarious,  regular,  ex- 
ternally and  internally  rufous  yellow  ;  asci  clavate ;  sporidia  oblong, 
narrow,  hyaline  (.00028  inches).     Conn.  (Wright). 

235.     P.  tlilutella  Fr.     On  herbaceous  stems.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

23G.  P.  Ariliidiiiai'iae  B.  <k  C.  On  Arundiunria.  Flattened,  soon  decidu- 
ous, pitch  brown,  seated  on  an  orbicular  spot-like  mycelium ;  disc 
pallid.     Car.  (Curt.). 

237.  P.  steiiostoma  B.  <&  C.     On  Andropofjon.     Erumpent,  elongated,  quite 

black,  mouth  narrow ;  asci  clavate ;  sporidia  oblong,  narrow,  uniseri- 
ate,  binucleate.     Car.  (Curt.). 

238.  P.  Aiidropogonis  i?.  <fcC.    Oa.  Aiuiropogon.    Cups  at  first  closed, black, 

at  length  expanded,  margin  undulated;  disc  yellowish  bay;  asci  cla- 
vate; sporidia  biseriate  oblong,  narrowed  toward  each  end,  triseptate 
(.0006  inches).     Car.  (Curt.). 

239.  V.  AivieWa.  Cuoke.    On  And ropog on.     Gregarious,  sessile,  soft,  minute; 

cups  at  tiret  hemispherical,  soon  flattened  (.03  m.  m.),  slightly  margin- 
ate,  black,  smooth  ;  disc  dark  cinereous,  becoming  blackish  ;  asci  sub- 
clavate;  sporidia  narrowly  fusiform  (.03  x  .0025  m.  m.),  with  a  row  of 
nuclei;  paraphyses  filiform.     N.  Jersey  (Ells,  2281). 

240.  Pcziza  cerviiiula  Couke.     On  dead  Carex.    Subgregarious,  sessile,  very 

minute  ;  cups  globose,  at  first  pierced,  then  open,  hemispherical,  con- 
tracted at  the  paler  margin,  externally  fawn  color  (0.1-0.3  m.  m.); 
disc  whitish  ;  asci  clavate  (.04  m.  m.) ;  sporidia  cylindrical,  straight  or 
curved,  simple  (.012-014  x  .002  m.  m.).     New  Jersey  (Ellis,  322G). 

241.  P.  iiml)oiiata  P.    On  leaves.    Car.  (Curt.). 

242.  P.  protrusa  B.    On  dead  leaves  of  Mdgnulia.     Erumpent,  punctiform, 

here  and  there  encircled  by  the  epidermis;  mouth  flexuose, externally 
granulated,  chestnut  color;  disc  concave,  white;  sporidia  oblong,  cyl- 
liudrical  (.000a-.0005  inches).     Car.  (Curt.).     New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

243.  P.  pinastri  C.  cf-  P.     On   leaves  of  Pinus  rigidn.     Sessile,  soft,  scat- 

tered, at  first  sprinkled  with  an  evanescent  whitish  meal,  soon  naked 
and  greyish  brown  hemispherical,  then  plane  ;  margin  often  lacerated  ; 
disc  paler,  pallid  grey  ;  asci  cylindrico-clavate  ;  sporidia  narrowly  lan- 
ceolate, obtuse  (.0005-.000(i  inches).     N.  Y.  (Peck,  349). 

244.  P.  olivaceoliltea    B.  &  C.     On  dead  leaves.     Minute,  erumpent,  very 

deciduous,  externally  olivaceous,  margin  whitish ;  disc  concave,  pal- 
lid yellow.  (So  deciduous  that  specimens  are  preserved  with  dilH- 
culty.)    Car.  (Curt.). 

BUL.    BUP.    SOC.    NAT.    SCI.  t38)  MARCH,    IST.'J. 


298 

245.    P.  axillaris  Nces.    On  mosses  {Splaclinum).    (Scliw.). 

[Peziza  Kesiiiae  Fr.,  is  now  admitted  to  be  a  Lichen.     See  Grevillea, 
Vol.  2.] 
24G.    P.  Ravenelii  B.  &  C.    On  Jlysterium.    Car.  (Curt.). 

Sec.  3.     Pateli.ea. 

247.  P.  compressa  P.    {P.  ingro-punctula  Qeranl.)     On  wood.     Car.  (Curt. ; 

Schw.);  N.  Y.  (Peck  ;  Gerard). 

248.  P.  corrnarata  C.  &  P.    On  wood.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

249.  P.  Yiticola  P.     On  twigs.     (Schw.) ;  N.  Y.  (Peck). 

250.  P.  philadelphi  Selm.     On  twigs.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

251.  P.  corneola  C.  &  P.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

252.  P.  g'laiidicola  Seine.     On  nuts.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

Gen.  10.     HELOTIUM. 

a.    Pelastea. 

1.  H.  aciculare  Bull.    On  stumps.    Car.  (Schw.). 

2.  H.  subtile  i'V*.     On  fir  leaves.     Penn.  (Schw.);  New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

3.  H.  linietarillin  P.     On  dung.     Car.  (Schw.). 

4.  H.  llavovireiis  Fr.    On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

5.  H.  aureiim  P.     On  trunks.    Car.  (Schw.). 

6.  H.  serotium  Fr.     On  stick.     Car.  (Schw.). 

7.  H.  acericoluiu   {Nodularia  acericola  Peck).     On  maple  sticks.     N.  Y. 

(Peck). 

8.  H.  fructigenum  Bull.    On  beech  mast.    Conn.  (Wright). 
{).     H.  IntesceiiS  Hedic.     On  sticks.     Car.  (Schw.). 

10.  H.  couigciiiim  P.     On  fir  cones.     Penn.  (Schw.). 

h.     Calycella. 

11.  H.  Tuba  P«W.     On  branches.     Car.  (Schw.). 

12.  H.  Buccina  Fr.     On  wood.     Car.  (Schw.) ;  X.  Eng.  (Frost). 

13.  H.  phialea  Fl.  Daa.     On  branches.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

14.  H.  calyculus  Soir.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

15.  H.  Aspegrenii  Fr.     On  wood.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

10.  H.  citrinum  Fr.  On  wood.  Car.  (Schw. ;  Curt.) ;  Ohio  (Lea) ;  N.  Y. 
(Peck ;  Gerard). 

17.  H.  conflueilS  /Sc/i?c.     On  wood.     Bethlehem  (Schw.) ;  N.  Y.  (Gerard). 

18.  H.  pallesoens  P.     On  wood.     Car.  (Schw.);  N.  Eng.  (Frost). 

1{).  H.  pullatum  (?c/Y(rfZ,  On  stems  of  FiYw.  Gregarious  (1-3  m.  m.),  dark, 
dingy  ochre  when  fresh,  becoming  fuliginous  when  dry,  at  first  cla- 
vate,  then  somewhat  obconical, externally  darker  ;  stem  short,  expand- 
ing into  the  cup  ;  disc  plane,  concave  when  dry  ;  asci — .    N.  Y.  (Gerard). 

20.  H.  vacoinum  Srhutn.    On  cow  dung.    (Schw.). 

21.  H.  chionaeum  Fr.     On  fir  leaves.     Nazareth  (Schw.). 

22.  H.  rugipes  Perk.     On  rotten  wood.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

23.  H.  leiiticulare  Bull.    On  stumps.     Car.  (Schw.);  N.  Y.  (Peck). 


299 

24.  H.  niirrlix's  Schiim.     On  brandies.     Car.  (Schw.). 

25.  11.  salicollum  /*>.     On  twigs.     N.  Jersey  (Schw.). 

2C.    H.  liiteovireiis /'V.     On  branches.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

27.     H.  ferniffineiiin  *SV7t^/y/(.     On  wood.     N.  Eng.  (Frost);  SaU>m  (Schw.). 

2S.     11.  albovirciis  6W^•c.     On  wood  of  maple.     Scattered  or  subgregarious; 

pale  greenish  white;    sessile,  attached  beneath  by  Avhite  arachnoid 

threads;  cups  convex,  at  length  nearly  plane,  darker  when  dry  (1.  m. 

m.);  asci  cylindrical;  sporidia  cylindrical,  obtuse,  straight  or  curved, 

simple  (.018  x  .003  m.  m.).     N.  Jersey  (Ellis,  2237). 
20.     H.  disciforme  Fr.    Ou  branches.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

30.  II.  leguininuin  Schw.     On  legumes.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

31.  11.  hcrharum  P.    On  herbaceous  stems.     Car.  (Scliw.);  X.  Y.  (Peck); 

N.  Eng.  (Murray). 

32.  H.  pastiiiacniu  Schw.    On  parsnip.    Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

33.  H.  limonium  C.  <&  P.     On  stems.     N.  Y.  (Peck). 

34.  H.  jrracile  C.  &  P.    On  stems.    N.  Y.  (Peck). 

35.  H.  fa^ineiiiu  P.     On  twigs.     Bethlehem  (Schw.). 

3G.     H.  epiphyllum  P.     On  leaves.     Car.  (Schw.);  N.  Jersey  (Ellis);  N.  Y. 
(Peck). 

37.  H.  iiaviculaesporuiu  Ellis.     On  decaying  leaves.     Whitish,  then  och 

raceous,  stipitate,  cups  plane  convex  (.05  in.),  disc  slightly  darker; 
asci  broad;  sporidia  boat-shaped  (.001  inch),  obscurely  septate.  New 
Jersey  (Elli.s). 

38.  H.  reiiisporum  Ellis.    On  decaying  leaves.     Stipitate  (3^-1  line)  con- 

vex, then  plane  (concave  when  dry);  pale  cinnamon,  or  brownish  yel- 
low; stem  (}^-}^  in.),  darker  below;  equal  slender;  asci  subcylindri- 
cal;  sporidia  reniform  (.0008  in.).     New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

Gen.  11.    CHLOROSPLENIUM  Fr. 

1.  C.  Schweiuitzii  Fr.   {Peziza  chlora  Schw.).      On  wood.     Car.  (Curt.; 

Rav.;  Schw.);  New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

2.  C.  repaiiduin  Fr.  {Peziza  chlorascens  Schw.).     On  wood. 

3.  C  subtortuiii  Fr.  {Peziza  torta  Schw.).     Ou  old  wood.     Car.  (Schw.). 

4.  C.  TCl'siformis  Fr.     On  wood.     Car.  (Curt.);  Conn.  (Curt.). 

5.  C.  aerilginosniu  Fr.     On  wood.     Car.  (Curt.). 

G.    Q^yiVft^wn^Fr.  {Peziza  atrourcns  Ft.).     Ouwood.     Car.  (Schw.;  Curt.). 

7.  C  epiuiyces  Cooke.  Ou  old  Corticium.  Cups  sessile,  greenish  yellow, 
then  olivaceous,  pulverulent  (I.  line),  plane,  disc  paler;  asci  cla- 
vate;  sporidia  biseriate, broadly  fusiform  (.02  x  .01  mm).  The  pulver- 
ulent granules  are  globose  and  brown  under  the  microscope  and 
about  .007  m.  m.  diameter.     New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

Gen.  12.    PSI  LOPEZ  IV.     B. 

1.  P.  iiummularia  B.    On  rotten  wood.     Car.  (Curt.);  Ohio  (Lea.);  Penns. 

(Mich.). 

2.  P.  Babingtonii  B.    On  rotten  wood.    Car.  (Rav.). 

3.  P.  flavida  B.  d-  C.    On  dead  wood.     Alabama  (Peters.). 


300 

Gen.  13.    IIHIZINA  Fr. 

1.     P.  undulata  Fr.    On  tbe  ground.     Car.  (Curt.). 

Order  II.    BULGARIACEL 

Gen.  1.    ASCOBOLUS  Fr. 

1.  A.  furfuracens  P.    On  cow  dung.     Car.  (Curt.). 

2.  A.  glaber  P.    On  dung.     Car.  (Scliw.). 

3.  A.  ciliatus  Sch.    On  dung.     N.  Y.  (Peck);  Car.  (Rav.). 

4.  A.  imiuersus  P.    On  dung. 

Gen.  2.     ASCOPHANUS  Bond. 
1.     A.  papillatus  Bond.     On  dung.     Car.  (Scliw.). 

Gen.  3.    OMBROPHILA  Fr. 

1.  0.  purpurascens  Fr.  {Peziza  clavus  vara).    N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

2.  0.  yiolacea  Fr.  {Peziza  clavus  var.  &.).     N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

3.  0.  lilacina  Wahl.  {Peziza  lilaeina  S.)    (Scliw.). 

4.  0.  siibaurea  Cooke.    On  cedar  twigs  in  swamps.    N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

Turbinate  or  obconical,  pallid  tben  pale  orange,  subtremelloid;  Disc 
plane  (2  m.  m.);  margin  often  waved  or  crenate;  asci  cylindrical;  spor- 
idia  fusiform,  granular,  .03  x  .005  m.  m.;  paraybyses  filiform,  brancbed 
or  simple. 

Gen.  4.    BULCiARIA  Fr. 

1.  B.  globosa  Fr.     Eartb  in  woods.     (Scbw.). 

2.  B.  inqninaiis  i'V.     On  oak  logs.     N.  Y.  (Gerard);  Car.  (Curt.;  Rav.). 
3«     B.  pulla  Fr.     On  pine  wood.     {Lemalis  Pulla,  Scbw.) 

4.  B.  rufa  Schum.    On  rotten  sticks.     Car.  (Curt.). 

5.  B.  sarcoides  Fr.     On  sticks  and  trunks.     Car.  (Curt.). 

6.  B.  purpurea  Fckl.    On  trunks.     N.  Jersey  (Ellis). 

Gen.  5.     VIBRISSEA  Fr. 

1.    V.  truncorum  Fr.    On  wood.     Car.  (Scbw.);    N.  Y.  (Peck);  N.  Eng. 
(Sprague). 

Gen.  6.     SAREA,  Fr. 

1.    S.  brassicaecola  Scliw.    On  cabbage  stems.    (Scbw.). 

Tbis  is  an  uncertain  species  and  requires  examination  and  verificatiouf 


301 


XXIII.    On  the  Genus  Agrotis  with  Additions  to  the 
"List  of  North  American  Noctuidae" 

BY   AUG.    K.    GROTE. 

[Read  before  this  Society  March  5th,  1875.] 

In"  my  "  List  of  the  Noctuidae"  I  have  stated  that  my  arrange- 
ment of  the  species  of  this  genus  was  provisional.  Up  to  the  present 
time  I  am  still  without  sufficient  material  to  enable  me  to  adapt 
our  American  species  to  the  classification  of  Lederer,  Avho  divides 
tlie  European  species  into  nine  primary  groups  (A  to  I).  The 
principal  character  used  by  Lederer  is  the  form  of  the  genitalia. 
He  then  appears  to  give  weight  to  the  form  of  the  antennae,  then  to 
the  spinosity  of  the  tibiae,  then  to  the  shape  of  the  abdomen  and 
then  to  the  vestiture  of  the  thorax.  This  latter  character  is  used 
by  Lederer  to  form  a  subsection  for  linogrisea,  a  species  not  known 
to  me.  A  proper  study  of  these  characters  can  only  be  made  from 
large  material,  and,  in  its  absence,  I  have  only  the  following  notes 
to  make  on  some  of  our  species. 

Agrotis  gilvipennis  Grote. 

This  species,  from  Anticosti,  is  our  only  described  species  with 
yellow  secondaries.  It  is  stated  by  Prof.  Zeller  to  be  allied  to  Char- 
dinyi,  a  Kussian  species,  which  I  do  not  know.  Lederer  gives  un- 
armed fore  tibiae  for  Chardinyi.  Two  of  my  three  specimens  of 
gilvijjennis  seem  to  me  to  show  spines  on  the  fore  tibiae.  The  tibiae 
are  not  strongly  spinose  in  this  species.  On  the  third  specimen  I 
can  see  no  spines,  but  the  spines  frequently  break  off,  and  hence  we 
cannot  be  sure  of  their  absence  from  an  examination  of  single  speci- 
mens. 


302 


Agrotis  haruspica  Grote. 

The  fore  tibiae  are  spinose.  This  species  is  published  by  Dr. 
Speyer  as  A.  augur  var.  grandis,  in  an  extremely  valuable  paper  in 
Avhich  the  relationship  between  allied  forms  of  Noctuidae  in  North 
America  and  Europe  are  discussed.  All  such  closely  allied  forms 
must  have  descended  from  some  common  progenitor,  and  I  have 
suggested  that  the  separation  may  have  occurred  in  later  Tertiary 
times,  and  is  the  effect  of  the  change  in  temperature  during  the 
Glacial  Period.  The  effect  of  a  gradual  increase  in  cold  would  have 
been  to  drive  the  members  of  the  Artogaeal  fauna  southward  and 
separate  geographically  the  European  and  American  species.  There 
appear,  as  previously  noticed  by  Dr.  Le  Conte  in  the  Coleoptera,  to 
be  various  grades  of  relationship  between  species  now  existing  in 
Europe  and  America.  "While  some  are  absolutely  identical,  others 
may  be  distinguished  by  various  grades  of  distinctional  character, 
grades  that  could  only  have  been  brought  about  by  gradual  changes, 
and  yet  Avhich,  in  the  Noctuidae,  as  Dr.  Speyer  interestingly  shows, 
have  some  common  direction  of  variation  in  color  that  is  apparently 
the  result  of  climatic  conditions.  The  specific  name  quite  evidently 
loses  some  of  its  hitherto  accepted  force  as  applied  to  these  forms. 
Nevertheless,  where  we  can  constantly  separate  the  forms,  different 
names  should  be  employed  for  the  sake  of  exactness  of  definition. 
The  present  name  Avas  published  January  20th,  1875,  and  was  pro- 
posed to  replace  that  of  unimacula,  given  to  the  species  by  Mr.  Mor- 
rison, a  name  previously  used  by  Dr.  Staudinger  for  an  Andalusian 
sjoecies. 

Agrotis  exsertistigma  Morrison. 

I  have  previously  considered  this  specific  name  to  apply  to 
alternata  Grote.  At  that  time  I  was  guided  by  Mr.  Morrison's 
brief  comparative  description  and  my  California  material  of  cupid- 
issima  Grote.  I  have  now  returned  to  me  my  specimen  by  Mr. 
Morrison,  and  I  find  it  to  be  distinct  from  either  alternata  or 
cupida,  with  neither  of  which  should  it  have  been  compared  by  its 
describer,  for  the  abdomen  is  not  flattened,  but  conical.  It  must 
therefore   be    referred  to  a  different   subsection   of    the   genus.     I 


303 

have  myself  been  niistiikon  in  ivgarding  alternata  as  Califoniiuii  5 
the  variable  Culifi)riiiau  specimens,  ill  some  of  wliirh  the  oi-Iiicular 
is  open,  belonging  apparently  to  a  distinct  species  Avliicli  1  have 
described  as  cupidissima. 

AgTotis  incivis  Guenee. 

Mr.  ^lorrison  sends  me  a  specimen  of  inv  Anicla  Alalamae  as  this 
species,  Avhicli  is  briefly  described  by  Guenee,  who  makes  no  men- 
tion of  the  exterior  dotted  line  on  the  primaries.  The  name  Anicla 
may  be  used  as  a  sectional  one  for  the  species  which  is,  as  I  have 
pointed  out,  essentially  an  Agrotis  in  its  spinose  tibiae,  but  appears 
to  differ  by  the  smooth  thorax,  which  is  clothed  with  narrow  scales 
rather  than  hairs.  I  may  have  given  too  much  Aveight  to  its 
analogies  with  Laphygma.  Mr.  Morrison's  simplicius  and  Guenee's 
lubricans,  are  apparently  related  forms. 

Ag:rotis  obeliscoides  Guenee. 

I  now  believe  that  the  species  from  the  Eastern  Slope,  that  I  have 
described  as  sexatilis,  is  the  same  with  that  described  by  Guenee  in 
the  Species  General  under  the  above  name.  From  California  I  have 
received  three  specimens,  under  the  number  30  (red  label),  from  Mr. 
Behrens.  They  differ  by  the  narrower,  more  lunulate  reniform. 
The  orbicular  is  variable  in  shape,  Avhile  the  costal  region  is  not 
differentiated.  I  have  a  specimen  of  sexatilis  from  Colorado,  and 
these  characters  may  be  found  to  be  inconstant  over  so  Avide  a 
stretch  of  country. 

With  regard  to  the  question  of  "  representative  "  species,  I  would 
suggest  that  geographically  separated  forms  in  the  Noctuidae  exhibit 
iisually  some  characters  Avhicli  enable  the  entomologist  to  judge  of 
the  locality  Avhence  the  material  came.  Thus  California  specimens 
of  A.  dandcstina  are  paler,  more  distinctly  marked  than  Eastern 
ones. 

Agrotis  Lewlsi  Grote. 

This  species,  from  Colorado,  differs  by  the  fore  tibiae  having 
terminal  longer  s})ines  and  in  the  disc  of  the  thorax  shoAving  a 
ridge-shaped  t  uft .     The  ornamentation  resembles  A .  obeliscoides,  the 


804 

uniform  red  brown  primaries  have  no  costal  pale  shading,  the 
orbicular  is  rounded  and  larger,  the  pale  subterminal  line  has  no 
costal  mark  and  the  terminal  space  is  concolorous.  I  agree  with 
Dr.  Harvey  that  the  term  Pleonectojmda  should  be  regarded  as  sec- 
tional merely. 

The  collection  of  the  Bufitilo  Society  of  Natural  Sciences  contains 
determined  specimens  of  the  following  species  of  North  American 
Agrotis : 

1.  Agrotis  gilvipennis  Orote,  Gtli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  Sci.,  28. 
Ilab.,  Anticosti  Island  (Couper). 

2.  Agrotis  baja  {S.  V)  Orote,  List  N.  Am.  Noct.,  9. 
Ilab.,  New  York  (Lintner);  Canada  (Norman). 

3.  Agrotis  Normaniana  Grote,  Proc.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5,  89;    Agrotis  obtusa 

Speyer,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1875,  124. 
Ilab.,  Canada  (Norman). 

4r.    Agrotis  attenta  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  131. 
Ilab.,  Maine  (Packard). 

5.  Agrotis  perattenta  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6.  131. 
Ilab.,  Maine  (Packard). 

6.  Agrotis  sigmoides  Guenee,  Noct.,  1,  325  {Noctua). 
Ilab.,  New  York  (Lintner). 

7.  Agrotis  vittifrons  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pkil.,  3,  527,  PI.  5. 
Uab.,  Nevada  (Hy.  Edwards). 

8.  Agrotis  haruspica  Orote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  212,  Agrotis  unimaculaX 

Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  16G. 
Ilah.,  New  York  (Harvey);  Mass.  (Joseph  Lewis). 

J).    Agrotis  badiaodis  Orote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  13. 
Ilab.,  Mass.  (Thaxter);  Texas  (Belfrage). 

10.  Agrotis  c-nigrum  {Linn.)  Guenee,  Noct.  1,  328. 
Ilah.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson). 

11.  Agrotis  bicarnea  Guenee,  Noct.,  1,  328  {Noctua);  Feltia  ducens  Walk.; 

C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  203. 
Ilab.,  New  York  (Comstock);  Mass.  (Joseph  Lewis). 

12.  Agrotis  innotabilis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  202. 
Hob.,  California  (Behrens). 

13.  Agrotis  auxiliaris  Grote,  Bui.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1,  96. 
i/(i?;.,  Colorado  (Mead;  Ridings);  Texas  (Belfrage). 


305 

14.  A^i'otis  cxcellens  Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  5. 
Uab.,  California  (Ily.  K(hvarils). 

15.  AgTotis  pliyllopliora  Orote,  List  N.  Am.  Noct.,  CI. 
Uah.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson). 

1(J.    Agrrotis  innnifestolabes  Morrison,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  N.  II.,  IGG. 
lldh.,  Mass.  (Morrison). 

17.  A^'i'otis  herilis  Orote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1,  99. 
ILib.,  Alabama  (Grote);  New  York  (Lintner). 

18.  Aj?rotis  tricosa  Lintner,  2Gtli  Ann.  Kep.  N.  Y.  S.  Mus.,  159. 
Hob.,  New  York  (Lintner);  Texas  (Belfrage). 

The  Texan  specimens  in  the  Collection  do  not  afford  proper  ground 
for  Mr.  Morrison's  surmise  that  this  species  is  a  variety  oi  jacuUfera. 
They  are  merely  a  little  smaller  than  the  northern,  and  one  ^  has 
the  hind  wings  paler  at  base. 

19.  A^rotis  subgothica  {Haworth),  Stepli.  2,  PI.  22,  fig.  3  ;   Agrotis  jacuU- 

fera Guen..  Noct.  1,  263,  PI.  5,  fig.  4. 
Ilab.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson);  Vancouver  Island  (Hy.  Edwards). 

20.  Ag:rotis  quadridentata  Orote  &  Robinson,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  4, 491, 

PI.  3,  figs.  2,  3. 
Hah.,  Nevada  (Hy.  Edwards). 

21.  AgTotis  cicatricosa  Orote  &  Robinson,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Pliil.,  4,  492,  PI. 

3,  fig.  4. 
Ilah.,  Nevada  (Hy.  Edwards). 

22.  Agrotis  Riding.siana  n.  s. 

■This  species,  of  which  I  have  both  sexes,  has  brush-like  antennae 
in  the  male.  It  is  closely  allied  to  quadridentata,  but  differs  at  once 
by  the  hind  wings  in  both  sexes  being  blackish,  as  dark  as  in  herilis, 
with  white  fringes.  The  ground  color  of  the  forewings  is  blackish. 
The  costal  region,  median  vein  and  ordinary  spots  are  gray,  the 
latter  with  a  slight  brown  tinge  which  sometimes  tinges  the  costal 
edge.  The  pale  scales  on  veins  3  and  4  do  not  extend  beyond  the 
subterminal  line  except  in  one  specimen  (]S"evada).  The  size  is  that 
of  quadridentata. 

Hub.,  Colorado  (Ridings;  Mead,  No.  6);  Nevada  (Hy.  Edwards). 

23.  Agrotis  i»itycIirous  Grotr,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.  1,  82,  PI.  2,  fig.  11. 
Hab.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Kobiusou);  Massachusetts  (Morrison). 

24.  Agrotis  fennica  {Tausclier). 
Hub.,  Kodiak  (Behrens). 

Bl-L.  BUF.  SOC.  NAT.  SCI.  (30)  .MAISCII,  1875. 


:}06 

25.  A^rotis  scropnlana  Morrison,  Proc.  Boat.  S.  N.  H.,  16o. 
Uab.,  White  Mountains  (Morrison). 

26.  AgTotis  opipara  Morrison,  Proc.  Best.  S.  N.  H.,  165. 
llah.,  White  Mountains  (Morrison). 

27.  Agrotis  tessellata  Harris. 

Uab.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson);  Colorado  (Mead);  Canada  (Saunders). 

28.  Agrotis  HoUemaiii  Orote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  156. 
Rah.,  California  (Holleman). 

29.  Agrotis  lageua  Orote,  Can.  Ent.,  7,  26. 
Jlah.,  California  (Hy.  Edwards). 

30.  Agrotis  formalis  Grote,  List  N.  Am.  Noct.,  61. 
Hah.,  California  (Behrens). 

31.  Agrotis  genicnlata  Qrote  &  lloVmsyn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Sac,  1,  349,  PI. 

7,  fig.  54. 
Hab.,  Massachusetts  (Thaxter). 

32.  Agrotis  littoralis  Packard,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  11,  33. 
Hob.,  Labrador  (Morrison). 

33.  Agrotis  riibi  ( Viewig). 
Hab.,  Canada  (Norman). 

34.  Agrotis  confliia  TreitscJike. 

Hah.,  Anticosti  Island  (Couper). 

35.  Agrotis  maraenxila  Orote  <&  Bohiason,  Trana.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1,  353, 

PI.  7,  fig.  48  ;   Ac/rotis  scandens  Riley,  1st  Mo.  Rep.,  76. 
Hah.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson);  Missouri  (Riley). 

I  have  formerly  believed  these  species  to  be  distinct;  and  now 
correct  my  opinion  from  the  material  before  me. 

3G.    Agrotis  Wilsoni  Orote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1, 135. 
Hah.,  California  (Behrens;  Hy.  Edwards). 

37.  Agrotis  speclalis  Orote,  List  N.  Am.  Noct.,  63. 
Hah.,  California  (Behrens). 

38.  Agrotis  gravis  Orote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2.  155. 
Hab.,  California  (Behrens;  Hy.  Edwards). 

39.  Agrotis  intrita  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  1874,  164. 
Hah.,  Vancouver  Island  (Hy.  Edwards). 

Identified  by  Mr.  Morrison,  whose  brief  descriptions  in  this  genus 
are  a  serious  drawback  to  a  knowledge  of  the  species,  the  more  so 
as  the  comparisons  made  in  this  case  with  phijllophora  and  in  exser- 
tistigyna  with  aUer?iafa,  are  inapt  and  misleading. 


307 

40.  A^rrotis  exsertlstlijma  Mornson,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc  N.  II.,  IGG. 
llah.,  California  (Behrens). 

41.  Airrotis  silcns  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7. 
Hub.,  Nevada  (Ily.  Edwards). 

42.  A^rotis  euroides  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  202. 
Jlitb.,  California  (Behrens). 

43.  Aarrotis  voliibilis  Uarvey,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  p  118. 
Hob.,  New  York. 

44.  Agrotis  grladiaria  Morrison,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  II.,  162. 
llah.,  Pennsylvania  (Stultz);  Canada  (Norman). 

45.  Agrotis  yenerabilis   Walker,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  328  ;   Ar/rotis  incallida 

Walker,  1.  c.  330. 
Hub.,  New  York;  Pennsylvania  (Stultz). 

46.  Ajrof  is  ciiiereoiuacula  Morrison,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  164. 
Ilab.,  New  York. 

47.  Agrotis  Yelleripeimis  Grote,  6tli  Ann.  Rep.  Peab.  Acad.  S.,  29. 
iZad.,  New  York  (Mead);  Iowa;  California  (Behrens);  Nevada  (Edwards). 

48.  A^rotis  Rileyaiia  Morrison,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  1874,  166. 
Ilab.,  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson). 

4{).    A^rotis  Bostoiiiensis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phil.,  1874,  203. 
llah.,  Massachusetts  (Thaxter). 

50.  Agrotis  messoria  Harris,    xigrotis  Cochrani  Riley.    Agrotis   repentis 

G.  &  R.  » 

SitJ.,  California  (Behrens);  Missouri  (Riley);  New  York. 

The  California  specimens  are  larger,  of  a  more  blackish  tone,  with 
the  claviform  distinctly  marked.  I  have  formerly,  but  always  with 
hesitation,  suspected  them  to  be  =  lycarum,  from  Herrich-Schaef- 
fer's  figure.  I  am  the  first  to  suggest  the  present  synonymy  (Can. 
Ent.,  G,  214). 

51.  Agrotis  balanitis  Grote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1,  97,  PI.  3,  fifr.  14. 
Ilab.,  Colorado  (Mead). 

52.  Agrotis  fiiscigera  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  15.1 
llah.,  California  (Behrens). 

53.  Agrotis  suffusa  {S.  V.).    Agrotis  tdifera  Harris. 
ILib.,  New  York;  Texas  (Belfrage). 

54.  Agrotis  aniiexa  Treitschke. 

Ilab.,  Alabama  (Grote);  Texas  (Belfrage). 

55.  Agrotis  rudens  Harvey,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  271. 
Hah.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 


308 

66.    Agrotis  sancia  Hubiier.    Agrotis  inermis  Harris. 
5a6.,  New  York;  California  (Bebrens). 

57.  Agrotis  pastoralis  Orote,  Can.  Ent.,  7. 
Hab.,  Colorado  (Mead);  Vancouver  (Hy.  Edwards). 

58.  Agrotis  gagates  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7. 
Hai).,  Colorado  (Mead). 

59.  Agrotis  ineivis  Ouenie.    Anicla  Alctbamae  Grote. 
Hah.,  Alabama  (Grote);  Texas  (Belfrage). 

60.  Agrotis  simplicius  Morrison,  Proc.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.,  164. 
Hob.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

61.  Agrotis  liibricans  Ouenie,  Noct.,  1,  323  i^'Noctua). 
Hah.,  Maine  (Packard);  Texas  (Belfrage). 

62.  Agrotis  plecta  {Linn.). 
Hah..,  New  York  (Grote). 

63.  Agrotis  obeliscoides  Ouenee,  Noct.  1,  293.    Agrotis  scvatiUs  Grote. 
Hah.,  New  York;  Colorado  (Mead);  ? California  (Behrens). 

64.  Agrotis  Lewisi  Grote,  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1, 137,  PI.  4,  fig.  10. 
Hob.,  Colorado  (Mead). 

65.  Agrotis  scxilptilis  Harvey,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  271. 
Hab.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

66.  Agrotis  cliortalis  Harvey,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  272. 
Hah.,  Texas  (Belfrage). 

67.  Agrotis  clandestina  Harris. 

Hab.,  California ;   Nevada  (Edwards) ;   New  York  (Lintner) ;   Canada  (Saun- 
ders). 

68.  Agrotis  alternata  Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  526,  PI.  5,  fig.  8. 
Hab.,  Texas  (Belfrage) ;  New  York  (C.  T.  Robinson). 

69.  Agrotis  cnpida  Orote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  3,  525,  PI.  5,  fig.  7. 
Hab.,  New  York. 

70.  Agrotis  ciipidissima  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7. 
Hab.,  California  (Behrens). 


NOCTUAE. 

NONFASCIATAE. 

CHARADRA  Walker. 
tdispulsa  Morrison,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  17,  213. 

*JASP1DEA  H'ibner. 
tpercara  Morrison,  \.  c,  213  {Bryophila). 


309 

*APOROrnYLA  Ouenk. 
Yosemitfte  {OroU),  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  1,  li;5,  PI.  W,  fig.  3  {Cucullia). 

Ill  letters  Dr.  Speyer  believes  this  species  to  be  identical  with,  or 
nearly  allied  to,  the  European  A.  australis,  a  species  unknown  to  me. 

CROCIGRAPHA  Grote. 
Nonuniii  (Grote),  Can.  Ent.  6, 115  {Perigraplia). 

♦MAMESTRA  Oclisenheimer. 
adjuncta  (Boisd.),  Guen.  Noct.  1, 199,  PI.  6,  fig.  10. 

The  eyes  are  hairy.  By  some  mistake,  in  re-classifying  Guenee's 
North  American  species  of  Hadena  and  Mamestra,  I  have  placed 
adjuncta  among  the  former. 

teligera  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  17,  215. 

innexa  Grote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  3,  133  {Perigrapha) ;  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N. 

H.,  17,  314. 
illaudnbilis  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7,  37. 

*HADENA  Schrank. 

divesta  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  6,  217  (California). 
indirecta  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7,  38  (California). 

*ACTINOTIA  Hiilmer. 
Stewarti  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7,  38  (California). 

*PRODENIA  Guenee  (List,  p.  17). 

Commelinae  {Ahl).  &  Sm.),  Ins.  Ga.,  3, 189,  PI.  95  (Phalena) ;  Guen.,  Noct.  1, 162 

(Prodenia). 
flavimedia  Harvey,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  274. 
liiieatella  Harvey,  1.  c,  275. 
praeflca  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  7. 
t  ornithogalli  Guen.,  Noct.,  1,  163. 

Pra^m  is  Californian ;  the  other  species  from  the  Atlantic  dis- 
trict. 

*GORTYNA  Huhner  (Supp.  to  "  List,"  p.  216). 

purpuripcnnis  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  1874,  206;  Orthopia  haliola 
Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  17,  148. 


310 

*GLAEA  Hubner. 
tsericea  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  17, 151. 

*ORTHOSIA  Ochsenheimer. 

lielva  n.  s.i 

(listicha  (Mon:),-  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  17,  217  (Caradrina). 

*SEGETIA  Boisduval. 

t*orbica  Morr.,  1.  c,  216. 

*XANTHIA  Uuhncr. 

(The  North  American  specimens  agree  with  silago  in  the  purple 
colhir.     The  reference  to  gilvago,  List,  25,  wants  confirmation.) 

ARTHROCHLORA  Grote  (Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1875). 
Type  :  Feralia  februalis  Grote. 
febnialis  (?ro<e,  List,  60. 

PERIGEA  Gmnee. 

liixa  Grote,  Bull.  B.  S.  N.  S.,  2,  200. 
enixa  n.  s.* 


iThis  species  has  beeu  suspected  to  be  identical  with  the  European  cii-cillaris,  which  latter 
name  it  should  replace  in  the  List.  A  large,  coarse,  buff  yellow  species,  with  large,  iuferiorly 
stained  reniform  ;  the  lines  double,  blackish,  waved,  incontinuous  ;  the  hind  wings  shaded  with 
fuscous  ;  fringes  and  body  squamae  buff  yellow  ;  eyes  naked,  lashed. 

2  rhe  specimen  before  me  is  an  Orthosia,  the  eyes  lashed  ;  the  markings  are  like  Orthosia. 
Caradrina,  as  defined  by  Lederer,  contains  heterogeneous  forms.  However,  Mr.  Morrison's 
Hadena  rasilis  agrees  better  with  Caradrina  than  with  Iladena,  from  which  it  differs  by  the 
smooth,  flattened,  untufted  abdomen.  The  following  are  recent  synonyms  of  Mr.  Morrison's 
so  far  as  known  to  me  ;  the  last  two  references  are  not  concurred  in  by  Mr.  Morrison.  Mr. 
Morrison's  generic  references,  where  they  differ  in  these  instances,  I  regard  as  incorrect. 

Copipanolis  vernalis  Morr.=Eutolype  Rolandi. 

Orthosia  baliola  Morr.  =  Apamea  purpuripennis. 

Xanthoptera  nigrocaput.  Morr.=Xanth.  Ridingsii. 

Mamestra  illabefacta  Morr.=Mam.  lilacina. 

i?arf«wa  7-ac«j/j«  Morr. = Caradrina  grata. 

Bolina  fasciolaris  Morr.  (nee.  Hubn.)=Bolina  nigrescens. 

3^5  .—Smaller,  paler,  but  resembling  xanlhioides.  Ochreous  ;  median  lines  tolerably  approx- 
imate and  distinct,  black,  irregularly  dentate  ;  t.  p.  line  with  the  dentations  terminating  out- 
wardly in  a  succession  of  black  points,  followed  by  inconspicuous  white  scales  ;  subtenninal 
line  faint;  ordinary  spots  separated  by  the  median  shade,  concolorous,  faintly  black  and  white 
ringed ;  hind  wings  pale  in  both  sexes,  with  a  terminal  ochrey  band,  broader  and  darker  in  the 
female  ;  thorax  like  fore  wings,  abdomen  like  secondaries  in  color.  Expanse,  25  m.  m.  Texas 
(Belfragc,  No.  137,  July  15). 


311 

INUUIIA  Quenie  ("  List,"  p.  2!).) 
abrostoloidPS  Guen.,  Noct.,2.  311 ;  lEdema  prodnrta  Walk. ;  (".  H.  M..  o,  1031. 
+di'liii('ata  Uueii.,  Noct.,  2,  311. 
)>ra(>|)ila1a  n.  s.* 
oci'iilatrix  Guen.,  Noct.  2,  313. 
ILib.,  Canada  to  Texas. 

*T  All  ACHE  Iluhner. 
tteiiLcuIa  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  17,  218. 

*HELIOTHIS  mbner  {\%Q(j). 
cupcs  Grotc,^  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  5. 

*P110THYMIA  Jluhier. 
orjjiae  Grote,^  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  5. 

PLUSIA  Fahricius. 
mctallica  n.  s.'' 

4  $  .— Tliis  species  is  smaller  thiin  abrostoloides,  and  characteiized  by  the  moi-e  medially  out- 
wardly and  roundedly  exserted  t.  a.  line,  limiting  the  paler  basal  space,  so  that  there  is  a  certain 
resemblance  to  occulaMx  expressed.  The  t.  p.  line  is  shaped  as  in  abrostoloides,  but  less  waved, 
distinctly  outwardly  black  marked,  continued,  geminate,  acutely  angulated  superiorly,  fol- 
lowed by  two  longitudinal  black  streaks  ;  subterminal  space  with  a  brown  tinge  ;  orbicular  an 
obscure  yellowish  point,  dark  ringed.  The  antennary  and  other  characters  are  as  in  abrosto- 
loides.   Texas  (Belfrage,  No.  226). 

Mr.  Belfrage  has  also  taken  the  allied  but  curious  Marasmalus  histrio  Grote,  in  his  locality 
(Bosque  county).  As  abrostoloides  Guen.,  I  regard  our  common  species,  abundant  in  Alabama, 
probably  redescribed  by  Walker.  Delineata,  described  from  Abbott's  figures,  may  also  be= 
abivstoloides. 

5  (t  .—This  distinct  species  has  fuscous  or  yellowish  gray  fore  wings,  with  the  veins  paler  marked. 
The  lines  are  geminate,  continuous  ;  stigmata  black  encircled,  bisannulate  ;  subterminal  line  pre- 
ceded by  cuneiform  black  marks  ;  subterminal  line  interrupted  on  the  nervules,  distinct,  double, 
even;  hind  wings  yellow-gray,  with  the  nervules  soiled,  the  usual  terminal  blackish  fuscous 
band,  interrupted  medially  by  pale,  and  broad  discal  lunule;  beneath  yellow-gray,  with  a  den- 
tate common  line  ;  a  discal  streak  on  secondaries,  and  stigmata  on  fore  wings  very  distinct  and 
black.    Expanse,  30  m.  m.    Habitat,  Texas  (Belfrage,  May  5).    (Plate  3,  fig.  4.) 

6  Fore  wings  sulphur  yellow,  the  external  margin  and  fringes  soiled  with  purplish.  Two  su- 
perposed dots  indicate  the  reniform.  An  external  oblique  line  of  purplish  atoms  dilated  on 
hind  m;irgin.  Hind  wings  and  abdomen  wliitish.  Expanse,  20  m.  m.  Ilajbitat,  Texas  (Belfrage, 
July  1).    (Plate3,  fig.  2.) 

'  This  species  from  California  is  registered  in  the  List  as  "  bractea  S.  V."  From  a  fresh  study 
of  the  specimen  and  a  near  comparison  with  a  specimen  of  the  European  species  In  the  Society's 
collection,  I  perceive  the  following  differences:  Tlie  size  is  smaller;  the  dark  shadings  of  the 
wing  are  blacker ;  the  metallic  spot  is  smaller,  with  its  oblique  sides  parallel,  not  outwardly 
bulging  below  the  median  vein ;  the  red  stain  about  the  spot  contrasts  ;  on  the  subterminal 
space  there  is  a  distinctly  metallic  shade  extending  from  vein  1  to  opposite  the  cell,  wanting  in 
the  specimen  of  bractea  before  me  ;  beneath  the  fore  wings  are  shaded  with  fuscous.  The  dif- 
ferences in  color  fall  under  the  rule  so  ably  suggested  by  Ur.  iSpeyer.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
of  the  common  origin  of  the  present  C'alifornian  and  European  forms. 


312 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  Dr.  Harvey  has  described  in  the 
present  Volume  of  the  Bulletin  a  number  of  new  species,  a  reference 
to  which  is  unnecessary  here.  Mr.  Morrison  has  also  described  two 
genera,  j)robably  belonging  to  the  Nonfasciatae,  in  the  Proc.  of  the 
Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  17,  under  the  names  Thaumatopsis  and 
Tornos,  both  unknown  to  me  at  this  writing.^ 

8  Since  the  present  piiper  was  prepared,  I  have  also  received  a  paper  by  Mr.  Morrison  from  the 
Annuls  of  the  N.  Y.  Lyceum,  in  which  several  species  are  described,  too  kte  for  mention  at  this 
time. 


313 


XXIV.     On  allied   Species  of  Noctuidae   inhabiting 
Europe  and  North  America 

(SECOND  PAPER) 

BY   AUG.  R.  GROTE. 

[Read  before  this  Society/,  March  26, 1875.] 

Since  the  reading  of  my  first  paper  with  this  same  title  before 
this  Society,  October  21,  1874,  fresh  observations  have  materially 
reduced  the  number  of  species  held  to  be  common  to  both  Conti- 
nents. Not  only  have  certain  of  the  American  specimens  been 
found  on  careful  study  to  afford  characters  which  authorize  a  dis- 
tinct name,  but  three  American  species,  cited  by  Lederer  as  occur- 
ring in  Europe,  are  believed  now  not  to  be  native  to  that  territory.^ 
Although  we  are  warranted  in  applying  fresh  names  to  the  American 
forms,  the  mind  is  not  to  be  misled  by  the  title,  and  while  we  may 
consider  certain  now  separate  forms  as  descendants  from  a  common 
and  probably  Pliocene  stock  (Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  S.,  2,  200),  Ave  feel 
that  the  arbitrary  specific  idea  has  undergone  a  fresh  expansion,  and 
that  it  can  no  longer  be  held  by  us  in  any  concrete  shape. 

The  List  of  Noctuidae  originally  given  on  page  193  of  this  Vol- 
ume, comprising  the  species  believed  to  be  common  to  Europe  and 
America,  may  now  read  as  follows : 

Species  believed  to  be  common  to  EiLrope  and  North  America, 
exclusive  of  Labrador  or  circumpolar  forms. 


Europe. 

Agrotis  baja  (^S*.  F.). 
c-uigrum  {Linn). 
plecta  {Linn.). 
fennica  {Linn.). 
rubi  ( Vieivig). 


America. 
Grote,  List  N.  Am.  Noct.,  9. 
Guen.,  Noct.  1,  328. 
Guen.,  Noct.  1,  32G. 
Guen.,  Noct.  1,  270. 
Grote,  Trans.  Am.  Eut.  Soc,  5, 
90. 


•  These  species  are  Mamestra  grandis  (Stett.  Eut.  Zeit.),  Hadena  arctica  and  Euclidia  cuspi- 
dea,  the  latter  apparently  not  the  species  intended  by  I<ederer  under  the  same  name. 

BUL.  BUF.  soc.  NAT.  SCI.  (40)  .MARCH,  1875. 


314 


Europe. 
conflua  Treits. 

saucia  H'uhn. 

segetum  {S.  V.). 

ypsilon  {Hufn). 
Enrols  occulta  Huhn. 

prasina  {Fabr). 
Mamestra  dissimilis  {K)ioc1i.).^ 

trifolii  {Rott). 
Hadena  rurea  {Fabr.). 

lateritia  {Hufn.). 
Dipterygia  pinastri  {Linn). 

Euplexia  lucipara  {Linn.). 
Apamea  nictitans  {Bkli.). 
Heliophila  pallens  {Linn.). 
Pyrophila  tragopoginis  {Linn.). 
Graphiphora  incerta  {Hufn.). 
Xanthia  togata  {Esper). 
Scoliopteryx  libatrix  {Linn.). 
Plusia  gamma  {Linn.). 

Hoclienwartlii  {Ilocli.). 
Anarta  melanopa  {Thunb.). 

myrtilli  {Linn.). 

cordigera  {Thunb.). 
Heliothis  armiger  {Iliibn.). 


America. 
Grote,  6th  Ann  Rep.  Pcab.  Ac. 

Sci.,  29. 
Agrotis  inermis  Harris. 
Agrofis  texanus  Grote. 
Agrotis  telifera  Harris. 
Grote,  Can.  Ent.  6,  13. 
Guen.,  Noct.  2,  5. 
SiJeyer,  St.  Ent.  Zeit.,  141. 
Speyer,  St.  Ent.  Zeit.,  137. 
Walker,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  171. 
Mamestra  dubitans  Walk. 
Grote,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  1, 

218. 
Guen.,  Noct.  2,  C5. 
Guen.,  Noct.  1,  126. 
Guen.,  Noct.  1,  95. 
Bctlmne,  Can.  Ent.  2,  73. 
Fitch,  2d  Rep.  25.  =» 
Walker,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  461. 
Walker,  C.  B.  M.,  Noct.,  1011. 
Walker,  C.  B.  M.  Noct.,  899. 
Mosch.,  W.  E.  M.,  4,  370. 
Anarta  nigrolunata  Pack. 
Anarta  acadiensis  Beth. 
Anarta  luteola  G.  &  R. 
Heliothis  umhrosus  Grote. 


The  preceding  twenty-nine  species  are  now  considered  to  be  com- 
mon to  the  two  Continents.  In  the  case  of  Hadena  lateritia,  Dr. 
Speyer  identifies  the  American  specimens  with  an  Alpine  form  of 
the  European  species.  I  have  never  seen  an  American  specimen  of 
An.  myrtilli,  nor  a  European  one  of  Agrotis  rubi.  I  have  seen  a 
specimen,  said  to  be  American,  of  AjKctcla  rumicis,  but  I  have  never 
taken  the  species  myself. 


°  This  species  is  entirely  unknown  to  me.    I  li;ive  :ilso  seen  no  Europeim  specimens  oi  trifolii. 
'Orthosia  insiabilis  Fitch,  is  tliis  species. 


315 


ERRATA. 


Page      ^,  line  IG,  for  "  2  "  nad  "  4." 
9,     "    23,  prefix  a"  t." 
18,    "    21,  prefix  a"*." 
"       31,    "     9,  for  "  viridisig-ma  "  read  "  viridisijjnata." 
48,    "      4,  for  "  443  "  read  "  473." 
67,    "    31,  for  "naked"  read  "hairy." 
"       73,    "      1,  for  "  Yiri<lisij?ma"  read  "  viridisiijnala." 
"        73,    "      4,  for  "  defected  on  the  t.  a.  line  "  read  "  deflected  on  the  cell." 
(For  other  corrections  and  additions  to  the  "  List  of  North  American  Noctu- 
idae,"  see  pp.  54, 132-126, 155, 163, 193-199,  209-221,  301  and  succeeding  pages.) 
Page  133,  line    6,  for  "  allows  "  read  "  allow." 
"      170,    "    13,  for  "  complete  "  read  "  collect." 
"      213,    "    11,  for  "133  "read  "133." 

"      214,    "    33,  for  "p.  9,  line  1,  p.  10"  read  "p.  10,  lines,  page  11." 
"      314,    "    34,  for  "  13  "  read  "  15." 
"      229,  for  "  IX  "  read  "  XIX." 
"      333,  for  "  XIX  "  read  ' '  XX." 

"      337,  category  of  Anartia,  for  "uervule greatly  curved"  read  "  ner- 

vule. ..  .gently  curved." 
"      244,  3d  line  from  bottom  omit  the  commas  between  "  Symphaedra"  and 
"  Alcandra,"  "  Mycalesis  "  and  "  Otrea,"  "  Yphthima  "  and  "  Phil- 
omela." 
351,  p-interrogationis  God.  301  belongs  to  the  form  Fabricii. 
"      355,  line    4,  omit  the  comma  between  "  Cirsium  "  and  "  lanceolatum." 
"      259,  place  a  comma  between  "  Viola  "  and  "  Vernonia." 
"      361,  line  3  of  Mormonia,  for  "  137  "  read  "  128." 
"      261,     "    2  of  montivaga,  for  "  136"  read  "  127." 
"      263,     "    4  of  Bellona,  for  "  Matt."  read  "  Mart." 
"      270,  for  "  XX  "  read  "  XXI." 
"      278,  line  27,  for  "  Lines  "  read  "  Sides." 
"      280,    "    31,  for"  antennal  read  "ante-anal," 
"      280,    "    34,  for  "  n.  s."  read  "  n.  g." 


316 


INDEX  TO  PLATES. 


1. 

Dicopis  muralis. 

7. 

Anarta  subfuscula. 

2. 

Platysenta  atriciliata. 

8. 

Glaea  apiata. 

3. 

Jaspidea  lepidula. 

9. 

Glaea  inulta. 

4. 

Senta  defecta. 

10. 

Tricopis  clirysellus. 

5. 

Litliopliane  querquera. 

11. 

Catocala  semirelicta 

6. 

Copipanolis  cubilis. 

1  and  2.     Helicopia  Lindeni  S 


11. 

I  3  and  4.     Helicopia  Lindeni  g  . 


III. 


1. 

Grotella  septempunctata. 

5. 

Pyrrllia  exprimens. 

2. 

Prothymia  orgiae. 

6. 

Pyrrliia  anguiata. 

3. 

Lygranthoecia  roseitincta. 

7. 

Acopa  carina. 

4. 

Heliotliis  cupes. 

317 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Pace. 

Ablepliaron  absidum 275 

Acerra  nomialis 162 

Acopa  carina 279 

Acronycta  acericola 154 

americana 154 

quadrata 154 

suboclirea 153 

Adita  Chionanthi 63 

Adonisea  pulchripennis 220 

Agrotis  cliortalis 272 

cupidissima 303 

gilvipennis 301 

gravis 155 

formalis 61 

liaruspica 212 

incivis 303 

Lewisi 303 

obeliscoides 303 

phyllopliora 61 

Ridingsiana 305 

rudens 271 

Bculptilis 271 

specialis 62 

volubilis 118 

Wilsoni 62 

Amnicola  lustrica 138 

orbiculata 138 

pallida 138 

porata 138 

Amolita  fessa 158 

Anaea  Andria 248 

Anicla  Alabamae 159 

Annapliila  mera 277 

Anthanassa  texana 268 

Antiblemma  caualis 76 


Page. 

Apatela  KadclifFui 270 

persuasa 271 

Aporopliyla  Yosemitae 309 

Arctia  bimaculata 150 

Argyria  argentata 106 

Arta  statalis 230 

Asopia  devialis 229 

squamealis 229 

Boletus  alveolatus 102 

cliromapes 105 

decorus 103 

ferrugineus 104 

firmus 103 

Frostii 102 

innixus 103 

limatulus 104 

magnisporus 103 

miniato-olivaceus 101 

pallidus 105 

robustus 104 

Roxanae 104 

rubeus 102 

Russelii 104 

salmonicolor 200 

serotinus 100 

sordidus 105 

speciosus 101 

Spraguei 102 

tenuiculus 103 

viridarius 100 

viscosus 101 

Bolina  agrotipennis 280 

jucunda 280 

Botis  feudalis 231 

gentilis 230 


318 


Page. 

Botis  hircinalis 332 

matronalis 231 

niveicilialis 232 

5-linealis 231 

Bytliinella  obtusa . .  138 

Calathus  mollis  80 

Calocampa  curvimacula 191 

germana 192 

nupera 188 

Ceratomia  Hageni 149 

Cercyonis  Alope 242 

Clilorosplenium  epimyces 299 

Chlosyne  adjutrix 269 

Chytonix  iaspis 66 

Conservula  anadonta 17 

Cryptus  extrematis 205 

nuncius 205 

Samiae 205 

Dasypogon  teutonis 183 

Dianthoecia  insolens 65 

leucogramma 64 

palilia 273 

ruf  ula 64 

Dicopis  Thaxterianus 196 

Dryobota  fibulata 112 

Dryocampa  rubicunda  var.  alba. .  153 

Endropia  Warueri 121 

Epipaschia  borealis 77 

superatalis 77 

Eucoptocnemis  fimbriaris 13 

Euleucyptera  cumatilis 220 

Eustrotia  apicosa 199 

Feralia  Comstocki 59 

februalis 60 

jocosa 58 

Qlaea  olivata 120 

tremula 276 

Grapliipliora  arthrolita 275 

Grotella  septempunctata 278 

Hadena  albina 157 

castanea 156 

coufederata 143 

curvata 157 


Paj;e. 

Hadena  geuialis 06 

marina 67 

vulgaris 197 

Helicopis  Lindeni 108 

Heliophana  mitis 220 

Heliophila  adjuta 158 

adonea 159 

Heliosea  pictipennis 220 

Helotium  uaviculaesporum 299 

pullatum 298 

renisporum 299 

Hemaris  axillaris 147 

diffinis 147 

marginalis 147 

palpalis 1 45 

tenuis 147 

Hemiteles  conspicuus 208 

sessilis 208 

Smitliii 208 

Homoliadena  atricollaris 273 

induta 274 

Ingura  praepilata 310 

Lepisesia  Victoria 147 

Leucobreplios  brephoides  53 

Lita  sexsiguata 280 

Lithomia  germana 198 

Litliophane  disposita 116 

fagina 115 

laticinerea 27 

oriunda 160 

socia 197 

tepida 27 

Thaxteri 196 

Luceria  Burgessi 109 

loculata 110 

Lygrantboecia  roseitincta 278 

saturata 74 

Mamestra  assimilis 113 

atlantica 12 

distincta 156 

puerilis 64 

lilacina 119 

marinitincta 273 


319 


Page. 

Mamestra  rosea 119 

vicina 156 

Melaporpliyriaiiiimortiia 75 

Melicleptria  Californiensis 34 

Mitrula  lutescens 286 

Moma  Astur 213 

Morrisonia  evicta 53 

MytUis  audax 186 

carbonifer 186 

chrysostomus 187 

Neoiuinois  Ridingsii 241 

Ochria  sauzalitae 216 

Ombropliila  subaurea 300 

Oncocnemis  Bebreiisi 65 

Orthodes  griseocincta 120 

Ortbosia  crispa ...  276 

disticba 310 

belva 310 

inf  umata 160 

purpurea 125 

Pacbnobia  cornuta 68 

Perigea  enixa 310 

]uxa 200 

Perigrapba  iunexa 123 

Peziza  albopliileata 293 

atriella 297 

atrovenosa 288 

cauuea 293 

cedriua 294 

cervinula 297 

diapbanula 295 

erigeronata 296 

exigua 290 

Gerardi 290 

gracilipes 294 

griseo-rosea 288 

birtipes    290 

int rospecta 295 

niarginata 292 

nigrescens 295 

pollinaria 292 

protrusa 297 

pulviscula 297 

stenostoma 297 


PaRe. 

Pbilampelus  mirificatus 148 

Pisidium  ferrugincum 140 

variabile 140 

ventricosum 140 

Plusia  bractea 72,  311 

fratella 161 

metallica 311 

8-scripta 72 

viridisignata 73,  311 

Prodenia  flavimedia 274 

lineatella 275 

Protbymia  orgiae 311 

Pseudaglossa  lubricalis 47 

Pseudautbracia  coracias 46 

Pseudortbosia  variabilis 161 

Samia  Cecropia 202 

Columbia 201 

Gloveri 204 

Satyrodes  Eurydice '. .  . .   243 

Scopelosoma  ceromatica 70 

Graefiana 69 

Morrisoni 70 

sidus 71 

vinulenta 70 

Walkeri 71 

Semnopsycbe  Diaua 259 

Spbaerium  croceum 140 

partumeium 140 

rosaceum 140 

secure 140 

Stibadium  spumosum 74 

Stiria  rugifrons 73 

Taeniocanipa  pacifica 120 

Taeniosea  gentilis 143 

perbellis 144 

Taracbe  terminimaculata 162 

Tbessalia  Leanira 265 

Toxocaiupa  Victoria 163 

Tricbosea  ludifica 213 

Tricopis  cbrysellus 76 

Xj'lomiges  crucialis 27^ 

liiemalis 71 

Zosteropoda  birtipes 68 

Zotbeca  tranquilla 69 


V. 


<^i:- 


> 


I 


^^-^ 


f- 


"« 


4  \ 


f 


.> 


'fl'' 


f^^ 


y 


'    V 


> 


7 


i^= 


Jfl 


MI 


m 


i: 


0  "^4^ 


N«w  Yorli  Bolanlcat  Qanton  Ub' 


3   5185  00232   5734 


m%